Cefazolin novocaine instructions for use. How does it work in practice? "Cefazolin": what and what it is from

Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug.

This drug has a negative effect on many pathogens.

Cefazolin is marketed as a powder for injection. Getting into gastrointestinal tract the active substance disintegrates and does not have time to be absorbed into the blood, so the medicine is not produced in tablet form.

Due to its wide spectrum of action, the antibiotic is prescribed to treat many infections caused by microbes susceptible to the active substance.

The drug is used to treat genitourinary, respiratory systems, for diseases skin, joints and so on.

Composition and release form of the product

The main active ingredient of the antibiotic is cefazolin sodium salt.

The medication is produced in the form of a powder for injection solutions. The drug is injected into the muscle or intravenously. The powder is supplied to pharmacies in glass bottles of 0, 250; 0, 5; 1 grams.

Pharmacology of the drug

Cefazolin is a mildly toxic antibiotic. He is classified as antimicrobials semi-synthetic origin.

Medicines in this group kill infections and bacteria by destroying their cell membrane.

The antibiotic is active against many microorganisms. Not effective in the treatment of tuberculosis, fungus, viruses, protozoa bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Mechanism of action

The main therapeutic property of the drug is the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms that cause the development of an infectious-inflammatory disease.

Consequently, the antibiotic is prescribed to treat inflammation and infections caused by microbes sensitive to the active substance of the drug.

For what diseases is the drug prescribed?

Indications for use of Cefazolin:

After surgery, the medication is prescribed as prophylactic to prevent the development of infections.

Restrictions and contraindications

during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
if there is hypersensitivity to drugs of the cephalosporin group;
children under one year old.

Rules of use and dosage

Depending on the treatment tactics and following the doctor’s prescription, the antibiotic is administered into a vein, muscle, or by drip.

For intramuscular injections, one bottle of Cefazolin (5 ml) should be diluted with water for injection solutions or isotonic sodium chloride solution. The antibiotic is injected deep into the muscle layer.

How to dilute Cefazolin correctly?

Since injections of the drug are quite painful, it is better to use anesthetics for the solution. Cefazolin powder for injection into the muscle layer is diluted with an injection solution, Lidocaine, Novocaine.

To prepare a solution for injection into the muscle, inject 2-3 ml into a bottle of powder sterile water, lidacoin -0.5%, novocaine -2%.

Then shake the bottle until clear liquid. When administering the drug into a vein, a solution is prepared by diluting the powder in sterile water. In this case, there should be at least 10 ml of water.

The solution is prepared immediately before administration. A high-quality solution should not contain impurities, particles, turbidity, or sediment. It should be transparent or have a slightly yellowish tint.

It is forbidden to prepare an antibiotic solution in advance, but exceptional cases It is allowed to store it in the refrigerator before injection for no more than two days.

Learn more about how to dilute antibiotics:

Dosage selection is the most important issue

The dosage and frequency of injections of the drug are prescribed taking into account the patient’s condition and the potential risk of infection.

Injections are placed in a part of the body with a well-developed muscle layer - shoulder, buttock, thigh. The drug is administered into a vein not only by injection, but also by drip.

The dosage of the drug is determined according to the patient’s condition and the severity of the disease.

Adults who do not suffer are prescribed the drug in the following dosages:

It is allowed to increase the daily dose of antibiotic to 12 grams if there is a question of life and death. For people with kidney problems, a lower dosage is prescribed.

The individual dose of the drug and the number of injections are determined using the creatinine filtration coefficient, calculated using the Rehberg test.

Cases of overdose

Overdose of the drug in patients with chronic form may cause:

neurotoxic effect;
increased vascular readiness;
convulsions;
tachycardia;
nausea;
vomiting

The antibiotic is removed from the body using dialysis, but the second option is not as effective as the first.

An overdose is most often observed if the doses of Cefazolin, which are indicated in the instructions for use, are overestimated by 2 or more times.

In patients without any problems with the kidneys, it is possible that allergic reactions. In this case, treatment with the drug should be stopped and desensitizing therapy should be carried out.

Possible side effects

The medicine may cause the following side effects:

gastrointestinal tract: nausea, loss of appetite, heartburn, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, pain in the abdominal area;
urinary system: and creatinine;
an overdose of the drug can cause kidney dysfunction;
allergic manifestations: itching, skin rash, fever, spasm respiratory tract, increased levels of eosinophils in the blood.

In certain cases, it is likely to develop against the background of allergies, angioedema, joint pain, and anaphylactic shock.

What else to consider

The course of treatment with an antibiotic is usually 7-14 days.

Prescribing an antibiotic for less than five days is not effective, since the infection in this case may not be completely destroyed, and there is a possibility of developing a resistant type of microbes that are resistant to the medicine.

You should avoid drinking alcoholic beverages for the entire period of treatment.

During the period of bearing a child, an antibiotic is prescribed only for strict indications, when there is a possibility of a threat to the life of the pregnant woman.

If treatment with of this medicine nursing mother, the child should be switched to artificial nutrition for the duration of treatment.

Babies older than one month are prescribed the drug at the rate of 0.1 grams per kg. weight, but not more than 25-50 mg per day. The daily dose is divided into three to four injections.

Features of use with other medications

Simultaneous treatment with Cefazolin and loop diuretics may cause neutralization of tubular secretion of the antibiotic.

Combining medication and ethanol in one course leads to disulfiram-like reactions;

When treated with Probenecid, Cefazolin injections will not give the desired effect.

How does it work in practice?

By studying the reviews of patients and doctors who use Cefazolin in their practice, you can complete the overall picture about the drug.

Expert opinion

When treating with Cefazolin, it is necessary to take into account the likelihood of allergic reactions when used with other antibiotics of the cephalosporin group, as well as with penicillin drugs.

During the course of injections with the drug, you may experience positive results glucosuric tests, which are not true, since the antibiotic cannot in any way affect the results of tests carried out by enzymatic methods.

Urologist Nikolai Valerievich

Word to the patient

The drug was prescribed to me for a sore throat when Amoxicillin did not bring the expected effect.

The only drawback of this treatment I can name is painful sensations with injections, but such a disadvantage can be tolerated for the sake of a quick recovery.

Patient

Generally practical use Cefazolin has proven its effectiveness and safety.

Side effects occur extremely rarely, in case of existing individual intolerance active substance.

But it is worth noting that some types pathogenic microorganisms are resistant to first-generation antibiotics and require treatment with drugs with a broader spectrum of action.

Purchasing and storing medicines

The antibiotic is available in the form of powder for injection in a glass bottle. Possible dosage– 0.25;0.5; and 1 gram of Cefazolin. the price depends on the manufacturer and the dosage of the bottle and starts from 70 rubles and above.

The drug should be stored in a place protected from sunlight and inaccessible to children.

The permissible temperature is no more than 25 degrees. Storage duration is two years from the date of issue. The medicine cannot be stored in the form of a ready-made solution. Dispensed by prescription.

What to replace the drug with?

Analogs of Cefazolin are drugs with a similar active ingredient:

The information is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute a guide to action. Treatment with Cefazolin is possible only if medical indications and doctor's orders.

COMPOSITION AND FORM OF RELEASE:

por. d/r-ra d/in. 0.5 g fl., No. 1, No. 10

No. UA/2132/01/01 from 01.10.2009 to 01.10.2014

por. d/r-ra d/in. 1 g fl., No. 1, No. 10

No. UA/2132/01/02 from 01.10.2009 to 01.10.2014

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES:

pharmacodynamics. Cefazolin has wide range antimicrobial (bactericidal) action. Like penicillins, it inhibits the synthesis of biopolymers of the bacterial cell wall. Active against gram-positive microorganisms ( Staphylococcus spp.., penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase-producing, most strains Streptococcus spp.., including pneumococci); gram-negative microorganisms ( Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Haemophylus influenzae, Clostridium perfringens, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Salmonella typhi, Shigella disenteriae, Shigella flexneri). Indole-positive strains of Proteus are resistant to antibiotics ( P. morgani, P. vulgaris, P. rettgeri, Enterobacter spp., Morganella morganii, Providencia rettgeri, Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp.).
Pharmacokinetics. When administered intramuscularly, the drug is rapidly absorbed, reaches Cmax in the blood after 1 hour and is retained in an effective concentration in the blood plasma for 8–12 hours. It is excreted mainly (about 90%) by the kidneys in unchanged form.
Penetrates through the placental barrier into amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood. Found in very low concentrations in breast milk. The drug penetrates well through the inflamed synovium, into the joint cavity, practically does not penetrate the BBB.
With intravenous administration, more high concentration in the blood, but the drug is released faster (T ? - about 2 hours).
With peritoneal dialysis (2 l/h) using a solution containing Cefazolin at a concentration of 50 mg/l and 150 mg/l, after 24 hours the average concentration of the drug in the blood plasma is 10 and 30 mcg/ml, respectively.

INDICATIONS:

infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug:

respiratory tract infections;
infections genitourinary system;
skin and soft tissue infections;
biliary tract infections;
bone and joint infections;
septicemia, endocarditis;
prevention of infections in surgery.

APPLICATION:

Before starting therapy with Cefazolin, it is necessary to exclude the patient's hypersensitivity to an antibiotic by doing a skin test.
Cefazolin is administered intramuscularly or intravenously (stream or drip).
Cefazolin cannot be administered intrathecally!
Dosage
Usual Adult Doses

*Cefazolin was rarely prescribed at a dose of 12 g/day.
To prevent postoperative infection, 1 g of Cefazolin is prescribed 30–60 minutes before surgery; for surgical operations lasting 2 hours or more - an additional 0.5–1 g during surgery and 0.5–1 g every 6–8 hours during the day after surgery.
Adults with impaired kidney function
Recommended doses:

with a creatinine clearance of 55 ml/min, no dose adjustment is required;
with a creatinine clearance of 35–54 ml/min, adjustment of a single dose is also not required, however, the interval between administrations should be at least 8 hours;
with creatinine clearance 11–34 ml/min single dose equal to half the standard single dose, the interval between administrations is 12 hours;
with a creatinine clearance of 10 ml/min, the single dose is half the standard single dose with an interval of 18–24 hours.

All recommended doses are administered after an initial loading dose, the choice of which depends on the type and severity of the infection (see above). The drug is excreted during dialysis (see PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES).
Elderly patients: Doses are prescribed as for adults (provided normal function kidney).
Children over 1 month of age the drug is prescribed in a daily dose of 25–50 mg/kg body weight, for severe infections - 100 mg/kg body weight. The daily dose for children should be divided into equal parts over 3-4 administrations.
Maximum daily dose for children - 100 mg/kg body weight.
Doses for children

Body weight, kg	25 mg/kg/day, divided into 3 injections		25 mg/kg/day, divided into 4 injections
Body weight, kg				Volume required for dilution 125 mg/ml, ml
4,5	40	0,35	30	0,25
9	75	0,6	55	0,45
13,5	115	0,9	85	0,7
18	150	1,2	115	0,9
22,5	190	1,5	140	1,1
Body weight, kg	50 mg/kg/day, divided into 3 injections		50 mg/kg/day, divided into 4 injections
Body weight, kg	Approximate single dose (every 8 hours), mg		Approximate single dose (every 6 hours), mg	Volume required for dilution 225 mg/ml, ml
4,5	75	0,35	55	0,25
9	150	0,7	110	0,5
13,5	225	1,0	170	0,75
18	300	1,35	225	1,0
22,5	375	1,7	285	1,25

In children with impaired renal function The dosage regimen is adjusted depending on the creatinine clearance values. With a creatinine clearance of 40–70 ml/min, 60% of the average daily dose is prescribed and administered with an interval between administrations of 12 hours. With a creatinine clearance of 20–40 ml/min, 25% of the average daily dose is prescribed with an interval between administrations of 12 hours. Children with creatinine clearance 5–20 ml/min is prescribed at 10% of the average daily dose every 24 hours. All recommended doses are administered after the initial loading dose.
Preparation of solutions for injections and infusions
For intravenous or intravenous jet administration, 0.5 g of the drug is dissolved in 2 ml of water for injection, 1 g in 4 ml of water for injection. For intravenous bolus administration, the resulting solution is diluted with 5 ml of water for injection, then administered slowly over 3–5 minutes. For intravenous drip administration, the drug is diluted with 50–100 ml of 5% or 10% dextrose solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 5% dextrose solution in Ringer’s solution with lactate for injection, solution Ringer's pa for injection with or without lactate, 0.9%; 0.45% or 0.2% sodium chloride solution in 5% glucose solution for injection. During dilution, the bottles are shaken vigorously until completely dissolved.

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

hypersensitivity to cefazolin and other cephalosporin drugs, as well as penicillins;
pregnancy period (except for use during vital signs), period of breastfeeding;
children under 1 month of age and premature babies.

SIDE EFFECTS:

When using the drug Cefazolin, the following side effects are possible:
allergic reactions: skin rash(maculopapular, roseolous), itching, urticaria, dermatitis, fever, hyperemia, very rarely - anaphylaxis (including bronchospasm, decreased blood pressure), Quincke's edema, eosinophilia, serum sickness, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
From the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, oral candidiasis, anorexia. There is a possibility of developing colitis characteristic of antibiotics (may be caused by Clostridium difficile and manifests itself as pseudomembranous colitis).
From the liver and biliary system: cholestasis, hepatitis.
From the hematopoietic system: reversible leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia (aplastic, hemolytic), agranulocytosis, pancytopenia.
From the kidneys and genitourinary system: interstitial nephritis, nephropathy, renal dysfunction, renal failure, itching of the external genitalia, itching in the perianal area, genital candidiasis, vaginitis.
Laboratory indicators: reversible increase in the level of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, increase in the level of bilirubin, LDH, increase in urea and creatinine in the blood plasma, increase in prothrombin time.
Local reactions: phlebitis with intravenous injection, pain with intramuscular injection, induration.
Others: pale skin, development of superinfection, tachycardia, hyperactivity, hemorrhage.

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:

Before starting treatment with cefazolin, it should be established whether the patient has a history of hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins, penicillins or other drugs.
If an allergy develops, the drug is discontinued; in severe acute allergic reactions, it may be necessary to administer epinephrine (adrenaline) and other urgent measures.
There is partial cross-allergenicity between penicillins and cephalosporins. Severe hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis) have been reported with both drugs.
Antibiotics should be used cautiously in all patients with a history of any form of allergic reaction, especially to drugs.
Cephalosporins can be absorbed by the surface of red blood cell membranes and interact with antibodies directed against the drug. This can lead to a pseudo-positive Coombs test (for example in newborns whose mothers were treated with cefazolin) and very rarely to the development hemolytic anemia. This reaction may cause cross-reactivity with penicillins.
Cefazolin may distort the results of determining glucose levels in urine using non-enzymatic methods.
Cefazolin should be prescribed with caution to patients with a history of gastrointestinal diseases (especially colitis). Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with almost all broad-spectrum antibiotics, so it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients with antibiotic-induced diarrhea.
The severity of diarrhea can range from mild to life threatening; in mild forms, it is usually enough to just stop using the drug to improve. At medium degree severity and severe forms, it is necessary to take appropriate measures.
Long-term or repeated use of cefazolin may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms; Close monitoring of the patient's condition is necessary. If a superinfection occurs during treatment, appropriate measures should be taken, in particular, periodically conducting a study of the sensitivity of the microflora to the drug.
When cefazolin is prescribed to patients with impaired renal function, the daily dose should be reduced to avoid toxicity. No dose adjustment is required for geriatric patients with normal renal function.
In the case of recent, prior to the appointment of Cefazolin, long-term therapy Anticoagulants require monitoring of the prothrombin index.
Intrathecal administration of the drug is not recommended. Severe CNS toxicity, including seizures, has been reported using this route of administration.
Use during pregnancy and lactation. Use during pregnancy is possible in exceptional cases for health reasons, if the expected benefit for the woman exceeds potential risk for the fetus. If it is necessary to use the drug, breastfeeding should be discontinued.
Children. The drug is not used in children under 1 month of age and in premature infants.
The ability to influence reaction speed when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms. No messages.

INTERACTIONS:

The renal clearance of cefazolin is reduced with concomitant administration of probenecid, which leads to an increase in the concentration of cefazolin in the blood. The drug should not be used simultaneously with anticoagulants, loop diuretics(furosemide, ethacrynic acid).
Cefazolin may cause disulfiram-like reactions when used concomitantly with ethanol.
With simultaneous or sequential administration of other drugs that have a nephrotoxic effect (aminoglycosides), the toxic effect on the kidneys increases, so constant monitoring of their function is necessary.
Cross-reactivity may occur between Cefazolin and drugs of the penicillin group.
Incompatibility. Cefazolin solutions should not be mixed with other antibiotics in the same syringe or infusion system.

OVERDOSE:

Parenteral administration of the drug in doses exceeding the recommended ones may cause the development of dizziness, paresthesia and headache. In case of an overdose of the drug or its accumulation in the body, patients with chronic renal failure may develop neurotoxic phenomena, with increased convulsive readiness, generalized clonic-tonic convulsions, vomiting and tachycardia. In case of overdose, use of the drug should be discontinued and, if necessary, anticonvulsant therapy should be administered. If patients develop toxic reactions, as well as if there are signs of an overdose of Cefazolin, the removal of the drug from the body can be accelerated by hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis in in this case will be ineffective.

STORAGE CONDITIONS:

in original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.

Indications for use:
Treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms:
- pneumonia, lung abscess, pleural empyema;
- peritonitis, septicemia, endocarditis, wound osteomyelitis, burn infections;
- urinary tract infections;
- skin and soft tissue infections;
- infections of the osteoarticular apparatus.

Pharmachologic effect:
Cefazolin has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial (bactericidal) action. Active against gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus spp., forming and not forming penicillinase, most strains of Streptococcus spp., including pneumococci, Corinebacterium dlphtheriae), gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shiqella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Haemopnylus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae). Indole-positive strains of Proteus (P morgani, P.vulgaris, P.rettgeri) are resistant to the antibiotic; it does not affect rickettsiae, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Like penicillins, it inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

Pharmacokinetics
When administered intramuscularly, the product is rapidly absorbed, reaches its maximum concentration in the blood after 1 hour and is stored in effective concentrations in the blood plasma for 8-12 hours. It is excreted mainly (within 90%) by the kidneys unchanged.
Penetrates through the placental barrier into amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood. Found in very low concentrations in breast milk.
The drug penetrates well through the inflamed synovial membrane and into the joint cavities.
When administered intravenously, a higher concentration in the blood is created, but the product is released faster (half-life - within 2 hours).

Cefazolin route of administration and dosage:
Cefazolin is administered intramuscularly and intravenously (struino or drip). For intramuscular injection the product solution is prepared ex tempore, the contents of the bottle are diluted in 4-5 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or sterile water for injection and injected deep into the muscle. For intravenous jet administration, a single dose of the product is diluted in 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution and administered slowly over 3-5 minutes. When administered intravenously, the product (0.5 - 1.0 g) is diluted in 100-250 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution; the injection is carried out over 20-30 minutes (the injection rate is 60-80 drops per 1 minute).

The daily dose of the product for adults is from 1 g to 4 g (sometimes more) and depends on the severity of the infection, the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to the antibiotic.
A single dose of the product for adults for infections caused by gram-positive microorganisms is 0.25-0.5 g after 8 hours.

For respiratory tract infections moderate severity caused by pneumococci and urinary tract infections, the product is prescribed at 0.5-1.0 g every 12 hours.

For diseases caused by gram-negative microorganisms, the product is prescribed at 0.5 - 1.0 g every 6-8 hours.

For severe infections (sepsis, endocarditis, peritonitis, destructive pneumonia, acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, complicated urological infections), the daily dose of the product can be increased to 6 g (maximum) with an interval between administrations of 6-8 hours.

For children over 1 month old, the product is prescribed at a daily dose of 20-50 mg/kg body weight (in 3-4 doses), for severe infections - 100 mg/kg (highest dose).

In case of violation excretory function in adults, the treatment regimen is adjusted by reducing the dose of the product and increasing the intervals between doses. The initial dose of the product, regardless of the degree of renal dysfunction, is 0.5 g.

Recommended doses for the treatment of adults with impaired renal function:
- with blood urea nitrogen 20-34 mg% and creatine clearance 70-40 ml/min, the dose of the product for mild or moderate infection is 0.25-0.5 g after 12 hours, for severe infection - 0.5-1 .25 g after 12 hours (half-life is 3-5 hours);

With blood urea nitrogen 35-49 mg% and clearance 40-20 ml/min, the dose of the product for mild or moderate infection is 0.125-0.25 g after 12 hours, for severe infection - 0.25-0.6 g after 12 hours (half-life is 6-12 hours);

With blood urea nitrogen 50-75 mg% and clearance 20-5 ml/min, the dose of the product for mild or moderate infection is 75-150 mg after 24 hours, for severe infection - 150-400 g after 24 hours (half-life is 15-30 hours);

With a blood urea nitrogen of 75 mg% and a clearance of 5 ml/min, the dose of the product for mild or moderate infection is 37.5-75 mg after 24 hours, for severe infection - 75-200 mg after 24 hours (half-life is 30- 40 hours).

If kidney function is impaired in children, the usual single dose of Cefazolin is first administered, then subsequent doses of the product are adjusted based on the degree of renal failure. In children with moderate impairment renal function (creatine clearance from 70 to 40 ml/min) the daily dose is 60% of the daily dose of the product, which is used for normal renal function, and is divided into 2 administrations; with creatine clearance from 40 to 20 ml/min, the dose of the product is 25% of the norm and is divided into 2 injections; in case of significant impairment of renal function (creatine clearance from 20 to 5 ml/min), the daily dose is 10% of the normal dose with an interval between doses of 24 hours.

Solutions of the Cefazolin product should not be mixed with other antibiotics in the same syringe or in the same infusion solution. The duration of treatment depends on the form and severity of the disease.

Cefazolin contraindications:
Increased susceptibility of the patient to products of the cephalosporin group, pregnancy, is not prescribed to premature infants and children under one month of age.

Cefazolin side effects:
Possible allergic reactions (inflammation and itchy skin, eosinophilia), transient increase in the level of liver aminotransferases.
In patients with previous impaired renal function, when treated with large doses of the Cefazolin product (6 g), manifestations of nephrotoxicity (increased urine nitrogen and creatine levels in the blood serum) are possible. In these cases, the dose of the product is reduced, and treatment is carried out under the control of the dynamics of these indicators (at least once a week). It is also possible gastrointestinal disorders(nausea, vomiting, symptoms of colitis and others). With long-term treatment, dysbacteriosis and superinfection caused by pathogens resistant to its action can develop.
Intramuscular administration can be painful, and phlebitis is possible with intravenous administration.

Pregnancy:
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, use only according to strict indications.
Studies have not revealed any adverse effects of Cefazolin on the fetus.

Overdose:
Parenteral administration in large doses exceeding those recommended may cause dizziness, paresthesia and headache. In case of an overdose of the product or its accumulation in patients with chronic renal failure, neurotoxic phenomena may occur, with high convulsive readiness, generalized clonicotonic convulsions, vomiting and tachycardia. In the event of toxic reactions developing in patients, as well as signs of an overdose of Cefazolin, the removal of the product from the body can be accelerated by hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis will be ineffective in this case.

Use with other medications:
The renal clearance of Cefazolin decreases with simultaneous administration probenecid. False-positive results may occur laboratory tests on the sugar content in the urine if they are carried out using Benedict's solution, Fehling's solution or Clinitest tablets. At the same time, Cefazolin does not affect the results of tests for sugar content in urine performed using enzymatic methods. In addition, there may be false positives direct and indirect Coombs test, for example, in newborns whose mothers were treated with Cefazolin.
The drug should not be used simultaneously with anticoagulants, strong diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid).

Release form:
Powder for preparing a solution for injection, 0.5, 1 or 2 g in vials. 10 bottles in a pack.

Storage conditions:
Store out of reach of children, protected from light at a temperature of 15 to 25°C.
Shelf life – 3 years.
Dispensing conditions from pharmacies are by prescription.

Cefazolin composition:
International and chemical names:
Cefazofin;
(6R,7R)-3-[(5-methyl)-1,3.4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thiomethyl]-8-oxo-7--5-thia-1-azabicyclooct-2-ene-2-carboxylate sodium
Basic physical and chemical properties: white or almost white powder white, very hygroscopic.
1 bottle contains cefazolin sodium salt sterile in terms of cefazolin - 0.5, 1 or 2 g.

Additionally:
In patients with reduced renal function, it is necessary to select dosage levels and intervals between administrations of Cefazolin depending on the severity of functional kidney damage. In case of unstable renal function, constant monitoring of Cefazolin levels in the blood serum will ensure the safety of use of the product. If signs of allergic reactions appear, administration of the product should be stopped and appropriate treatment should be prescribed. symptomatic treatment. It is possible to develop cross-allergic reactions with other cephalosporin antibiotics, and also, in some cases, with penicillin antibiotics.
Cefazolin does not affect the ability to drive a car or use other mechanical drugs.

Attention!
Before using the medication "Cefazolin" You should consult your doctor.
The instructions are provided for informational purposes only. Cefazolin».

Pregnancy is one of the most wonderful periods in the life of every woman. Unfortunately, not all women experience these wonderful 9 months without health problems. And all because the body is as weakened as possible, the immune system cannot always overcome the attack various infections and diseases. In such situations, there is no way to do without antibiotics, because even the most minor infection can harm the baby. One of the most effective antibiotics, Cefazolin, consisting of synthetic substances, has a wide spectrum of action.

Cefazolin is a first generation antibiotic. This drug can not only prevent the proliferation of bacteria in the body, but also destroy microorganisms.

The antibiotic has 2 names:

Cefazolin.
Cefazolin Akos.

The only difference between these drugs is that they have different manufacturers, but all other properties are absolutely the same.

Cefazolin is available exclusively in powder form for intravenous or intramuscular administration. The medication is dissolved in water, glucose or sodium chloride. Maximum concentration Cefazolin appears in the blood within an hour. Complete cleansing of the body from medicinal product occurs after 24 hours.

The drug is able to penetrate into all organs human body However, the entry of Cefazolin into the brain will be minimized, because passage through the blood-brain barrier is as difficult as possible. Reception medical product during pregnancy can be harmful, because its components are able to penetrate the placenta, which carries a risk of exposure harmful substances into the fetus and amniotic fluid.

Indications for the use of Cefazolin during pregnancy

There are several ailments for which a doctor can prescribe Cefazolin:

Various lung diseases.
Inflammation in the heart area.
Infections that enter the body through the blood.
Abdominal diseases.
Infection associated with a burn or recent surgery.
Venereal diseases.
Inflammation in the pelvic area.
Inflammation of bones and joints, accompanied by infection.

All of the above possible problems in the body of a pregnant woman may serve as an indication for the use of Cefazolin.

Contraindications to the use of Cefazolin during pregnancy

Before using an antibiotic, it is necessary to take into account that it has a number of contraindications. Failure to comply with all regulations for the use of the drug can lead to irreversible consequences.

Allergic reaction to the components of the drug.
Tendency to anorexia.
Gospel disease.
Reduced hemoglobin.
Increased level of sugar in urine.
Kidney dysfunction.
Disturbed acid-base balance.
Dysbacteriosis.
Any form of stomatitis.
Sudden drop in white blood cell count.
Negative consequences after intravenous injection.
Significant increase in platelets.
Pain in the lower abdomen.
The presence of any type of fungus.
Nausea and vomiting.

If any of the above contraindications are present, the medication should be replaced with a more suitable one.

Side effects when using Cefazolin during pregnancy

Like almost any drug, Cefazolin has its own side effects, which you also need to know about before taking the drug:

nausea and vomiting;
heartburn;
diarrhea;
hives;
Quincke's edema;
anemia;
kidney dysfunction;
pain at the injection site;
convulsions;
dizziness.

Use of Cefazolin during pregnancy

Cefazolin is an antibiotic that is strictly prohibited to be taken without permission during pregnancy, without consulting a specialist. This drug is prescribed, as a rule, in cases where it is not possible to immediately determine the type of disease.

The use of the drug in the 1st trimester of pregnancy cannot be considered safe, since during this period all vital important organs and systems in the baby’s body.

Cefazolin injections during pregnancy - 2nd trimester

The prescription of Cefazolin in the second trimester is allowed only if there is an emergency. If possible, you should avoid taking an antibiotic during pregnancy or choose a more gentle one.

Cefazolin injections during pregnancy - 3rd trimester

3rd trimester is not less safe period gestation of the fetus. Despite the fact that there are only a few days left until the long-awaited meeting with the baby, the risk of irreversible consequences does not decrease.

If urgent treatment is necessary, a qualified specialist is obliged to select a more gentle dosage that will cause minimal harm to the fetus.

3 factors that a doctor should consider when prescribing Cefazolin:

indication for caesarean section;
complications during pregnancy due to chronic diseases;
treatment with the drug for no more than three days.

Use of Cefazolin during pregnancy - instructions for use

As mentioned above, the use of Cefazolin on early stages pregnancy can significantly harm a small developing organism.

Injections Cefazolin Akos more or less safe in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, however, without emergency It is still not worth using the drug. The medication must be prescribed by a strictly qualified specialist. Its use must comply with the doctor’s prescription; an independent reduction or increase in the dosage of the drug will reduce its medicinal properties to zero and worsen the patient’s condition.

Before starting intramuscular injection, it is necessary to dilute 0.5 g. powder in 3 ml of a special liquid intended for injection, and for the intravenous proportion the volume is increased to 10 ml.

In order to administer a medication using a dropper, about 200 ml of isotonic sodium chloride is needed. Maximum daily dosage drug – 12 g. The duration of treatment with Cefazolin ranges from 7 days to 2 weeks. As a rule, the drug is used no more than 4 times a day. More precise prescriptions will be given by the attending physician, depending on the condition and degree of the patient’s disease.

In the presence of diseases associated with the respiratory and genitourinary systems, the specialist prescribes the administration of Cefazolin no more than twice a day, 0.5 g. If complications occur, the dose is increased.

For sepsis and peritonitis, the doctor prescribes 3 grams. medication no more than 4 times a day.

Using the drug in a higher dosage and for longer than two weeks can cause infections and microflora disorders in a woman’s body.

The medication should be stored in a dark, cool place. The shelf life of the drug is 3 years.

How to replace Cefazolin during pregnancy

Exists great amount analogues of Cefazolin, which have the same properties:

Cesolin.
Natsef.
Kefzol.
Anceph.
Cephalexin.
Cefadroxil.

The only difference from Cefazolin is that they are available in tablet form. They are also strictly prohibited from being used without permission, without the advice of a qualified specialist.

Cefazolin injections during pregnancy - reviews

I suffered from a terrible ARVI at 15 weeks of pregnancy, the doctor prescribed Cefazolin. At first it was scary, because the antibiotic is quite strong, but then I decided, because an infection can hit the baby much harder than medicine. Within 5 days I injected the drug, everything improved. We gave birth to a healthy baby, we feel great. Julia is 27 years old.
The worst time is the 1st trimester, when the placenta, which is supposed to protect the fetus, is still developing. I believe that if the doctor said to take medicine, there is no need to argue! Experts always know best! Irina is 31 years old.
During pregnancy, I read a lot about taking antibiotics during this period and got scared. As soon as it came to illness, I read about the dangers of infections for the baby, and immediately realized that being treated with antibiotics is much safer than waiting for the infection to subside on its own. I don’t regret it one bit, I’m healthy, my son is healthy, everything is fine. Katya is 24 years old.
The urine test showed a lot of protein and leukocytes, I was very scared. The doctor prescribed Cefazolin Akos. I injected the drug for 5 days, took tests, everything is normal. Luda is 32 years old.

The antibacterial drug Cefazolin ® is a semi-synthetic antibiotic that is intended for parenteral administration(i.e. into a vein or muscle). Cefazolin ® in tablets, as well as instructions for their use, do not exist, since it is completely destroyed in the digestive tract.

The medicine is a powder for dilution in glass vials. Often used in hospitals to prevent infections in early postoperative period. It is usually prescribed on an outpatient basis in case of inflammation of the respiratory tract, skin and genitourinary organs.

Cefazolin ® injections – instructions for use

The drug is a powerful antibiotic that can only be used on the recommendation of the attending physician. Before starting treatment, it is advisable to determine the specific type of pathogen using bacterial culture, since 1st generation cephalosporins, despite a wide range of antimicrobial activity, do not act on some common strains. In addition, the dosage requires individual calculations that must be made by the doctor. The treatment period is also determined by the specialist.

Composition of Cefazolin ®

The active ingredient is cefazolin, a semi-synthetic compound from the first generation of beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotics. The mechanism of bactericidal action is similar to penicillins: it destroys the cell wall by inhibiting peptidoglycan and preventing biosynthesis. The antimicrobial spectrum of action of Cefazolin ® includes the following pathogens:

Gram-positive pneumo- and staphylococci (including strains that form penicillinase), Bacillus anthracis, diphtheria bacillus..
Gram-negative pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, coli, Enterobacter aerogenes. The clinical significance of antibiotic therapy for Shigella and Salmonella has been called into question by recent studies.
Some spiral bacteria (Leptospiraceae and Spirochaetaceae).

Resistance to the antibiotic is shown by some anaerobes, pseudomonas, Proteus, and tuberculosis bacillus. In general, first-generation cephalosporins are characterized by antimicrobial activity against predominantly gram-positive microorganisms.

Release form of Cefazolin ®

Writing out medicine, the doctor writes out a prescription for Cefazolin ® in Latin as follows:

Rp.: Cefazolini pro inject 1.0

D.t.d. No. 10

S.: before use, dilute the contents in 4 ml of water for injection, administer 2 ml of the resulting solution every 12 hours.

On Latin The pharmacist is informed of the name and form of the drug, dosage and number of bottles. That is, you need Cefazolin ® for injection, 10 bottles of 1 gram of active ingredient each. Instructions for use are given in Russian. Breeding rules are discussed in more detail in the corresponding section.

Release form of Cefazolin ®

The white (sometimes slightly yellowish) powder is an antibiotic in the form of a water-soluble sodium salt. Produced by pharmaceutical companies different countries. In pharmacies you can find the drug of Russian, Belarusian, Indian, Swiss production under various trade names.

The original product is sold in glass bottles with a rubber stopper reinforced with a metal cap. Bottles (one or several pieces) are packed in a cardboard box. There are several antibiotic dosage options: 0.25, 0.5 or 1 gram. Before intramuscular and intravenous administration, the powder is diluted with an anesthetic, water for injection or saline in accordance with the prescription.

In pharmacies you can also find gel nasal drops with Cefazolin ®. Intended for the treatment of bacterial infections, including in children. Available in small (10 ml) plastic bottles with a dropper attachment. The composition, in addition to 0.5 g of antibiotic, includes water, aminocaproic acid, suprastin, xylometazoline and starch-agar gel. In addition to the bactericidal effect, they have a vasoconstrictor and antihistamine effect.

Cefazolin ® – indications for use

In accordance with the spectrum of antimicrobial activity, the drug is prescribed for inflammatory processes different organs and systems. The main indications for prescribing injections of this ABP are:

severe localized or generalized infections (peritonitis, endocarditis and sepsis);
inflammation of the respiratory tract caused by susceptible microorganisms and paranasal sinuses nose (Cefazolin ® is especially effective for);
bacterial lesions of bones, muscles and;
inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, including STIs such as gonorrhea and syphilis.

Cefazolin ® is of particular importance in the perioperative prevention of infections. For this purpose, hospitals often prescribe intravenous injections before surgical intervention and after it.

Contraindications

Cephalosporins are among the most harmless antibiotics and have very few restrictions on their use. The main ones are the first month of a child’s life and individual intolerance to beta-lactam antibacterial drugs. Since the active substance enters milk, Cefazolin ® prescribed for breastfeeding requires a temporary cessation of the latter. Milk should be expressed to maintain lactation. A patient history of colitis and renal failure requires a cautious approach to prescribing.

Cefazolin ® during pregnancy

After parenteral administration, the antibiotic quickly penetrates almost all tissues and organs, including overcoming the placental barrier. However, no convincing studies have been conducted on the effect of the drug on the growing fetus, and clinical practice did not reveal a teratogenic effect. Therefore, today Cefazolin ® is used during pregnancy at any stage, without restrictions. However, it is still recommended to weigh the need for antibiotic therapy and its possible negative consequences.

Dosage of Cefazolin ® for adults

The drug is eliminated from the body quite quickly, so 2-3 injections per day are required to maintain its concentration in the blood. It is administered both intramuscularly and intravenously, and the course of treatment is 1 or 2 weeks.

Moderate infections are usually treated intramuscular injections, which are placed at 8-12 hour intervals. A single dose is determined by the doctor within 0.25-1 grams of antibiotic.
Severe inflammation requires an increase in dosage to 4-6 g per day, and the minimum single dose should be from 0.5 to 1 gram.
Prevention of postoperative purulent complications is carried out in several stages. An hour before, 1 g of the drug is administered, sometimes in the same dose once during the process and over the next day three or four times 500-1000 mg.
Persons with renal failure are prescribed reduced doses (in accordance with creatinine clearance indicators), but the initial dose should always be the maximum.

Before administration, the powder is diluted according to the instructions for use of Cefazolin ® injections, which indicate how to dilute with novocaine: water for injection or saline solution. In a hospital setting, saline solution, dextrose solution, sodium bicarbonate or Ringer's solution in a volume of 50-100 ml are used for intravenous infusions through a dropper. Ambulatory treatment usually carried out intramuscular injections, for which there are separate methods.

Side effects of Cefazolin ®

Due to the low toxicity of cephalosporins, negative reactions of the body to the drug are rare. Phenomena such as:

allergies (from rash and itching to anaphylactic shock);
dyspeptic disorders, intestinal candidiasis, liver dysfunction;
hematopoietic disorders, hemolytic anemia;
malfunction of the kidneys, itching of the external genitalia.

Since the medicine is used parenterally, phlebitis sometimes develops at the site of intravenous administration or pain occurs when administered intramuscularly.

Cefazolin ® and alcohol

More often harmful effects A combination such as antibiotic therapy and alcohol is associated with an increased load on the liver. Most antibiotics and ethanol are metabolized in this organ, the cells of which cannot cope with double the amount of work and die en masse.

However, the drug considered in the article is excreted by the kidneys, with virtually no effect on hepatocytes. Does this mean that Cefazolin ® and alcohol can be combined? No, you cannot do this, since both of them enter the bloodstream and cause intoxication. Vomiting, fever, headache, tachycardia and other symptoms of a disulfiram-like reaction, including seizures. At the end of treatment, you also need to pause for at least 3 days.

Dilution with water for injection

Annotation for the drug, for example, instructions Cefazolin Akos ® recommends the use of injection water. Its quantity depends on the dosage of the antibiotic in the bottle: for every 0.5 g of powder there should be 2 mg of liquid - a single dose. However, if it is 1 gram of active substance, then you can take 2.5 ml of solvent. But, since the injections are quite painful, doctors often advise using anesthetics for dilution.

How to dilute Cefazolin ® with lidocaine ® or novocaine ®

Previously, the antibiotic was dissolved in novocaine (0.25 or 0.5% solution), at the rate of 5 ml per 1 gram of powder. However, today it is recommended to use another anesthetic for this purpose - lidocaine ®, which is more suitable as a solvent for parenteral antibacterial agents.

To carry out the manipulation, you will need a bottle of the drug in the dosage prescribed by the doctor, an ampoule of 10 ml of lidocaine ® solution (1%) and a pair of disposable syringes. The sequence of actions looks like this:

Open the ampoule with anesthetic and remove the central part of the metal cap from the bottle with powder.
Draw 3.5 ml of lidocaine ® solution into a sterile syringe, insert the needle into the bottle with the antibiotic (directly into the rubber stopper) and pour out the anesthetic.
Without removing the needle, shake the mixture vigorously until it becomes homogeneous.
Take the liquid back into the syringe, disconnect it from the needle and put another, sterile one on it to perform the injection. There should be no air bubbles inside.

If a dilution is made into 2 injections (for example, in a bottle there is 1000 mg of the active substance, and a single dose is 500), then 5 ml of lidocaine is taken, 2.5 ml of the resulting solution is used for injection, and the rest is stored in the refrigerator until the next time.

How to give Cefazolin ® injections to children?

Age restrictions for the drug are the first month of a child’s life, especially for premature infants. This is associated with possible renal dysfunction, but there are no reliable data on the effect on newborns. Starting from two months of age, an antibiotic is prescribed at the rate of 25-50 mg per kilogram of body weight per day (in case of severe infection - up to 100). This amount is divided into equal parts and administered at six or eight hour intervals.

Cefazolin ® - analogues

The list contains drugs containing cefazolin ® and which are its analogues in terms of the active substance:

Orizolin ®
Amzolin ®
Reflin ®
Cefazolin Sandoz ®
Cefazolin Elfa ®
Natsef ®
Atralcef ®
Vulmizolin ®
Zolin ®
Zolfin ®
Intrazolin ®
Cefazolin "Biochemi" ®
Ifizol ®
Cefazolin sodium salt ®
Cefazolin-Teva ®
Kefzol ®
Lysolin ®
Cefezol ®
Cefaprim ®
Cefzolin ®
Cefazolin-KMP ®
Cefazolin Nycomed ®
Ancef ®
Sefazol ®
Totacef ®
Cesolin ®
Cefazolin Whatham ®
Cefamezin ®
Cefopride ®
Cefazolin-AKOS ®
Prozoline ®

Cefazolin ® and Ceftriaxone ®: what is their difference?

Sometimes patients have this question after prescribing the drug. Both of them belong to parenteral cephalosporin antibiotics, but they already belong to the third generation and have clear advantages over their predecessor.

Firstly, its spectrum of action is much wider, which increases the list of indications for use. Secondly, this antibiotic is removed from the body longer than Cefazolin ® , and accordingly, injections can be done less frequently (once a day is enough for moderate forms of the pathology).

Cefazolin ® injections for children – reviews

Since the toxicity of the drug is low and it can be prescribed from the second month of a child’s life, it is one of the most commonly used in pediatrics. Doctors describe the antibiotic as very effective remedy in the fight against dangerous infections, which is confirmed by reviews from parents. Adverse reactions in young patients are extremely rare, and the disease quickly recedes.

The only disadvantage of the drug, like all parenteral forms of medications, is painful administration. Children do not like injections, so sometimes application becomes problematic. However, if you dilute the powder with an anesthetic, severe pain can be avoided. Sometimes parents have difficulties calculating the dose, which can also be easily resolved by carefully reading the instructions and consulting a pediatrician.