Saline solution or sodium chloride is quite widely and actively used in modern medicine. It is noteworthy that it has been helping people out for decades and continues to be relevant; it has no competitive substitutes. Saline solution can be taken intravenously and intramuscularly, as a means for washing the nose, gargling, and for treating wounds. In other words, its range of applications is wide.
Indications for the use of sodium chloride for the treatment of diseases
So, why do they put in a sodium chloride drip? First of all, to regulate the well-being and condition of the body during dehydration - a sodium chloride dropper is capable of restoring in a fairly short time water balance the body, due to which sodium deficiency is quickly replenished, which, of course, has a beneficial effect on the patient’s condition and well-being. It is very important that the solution does not linger in the body, it is quickly eliminated.
If intoxication of the body occurs, for example, with dysentery and food poisoning, they also put in a sodium chloride drip, because the solution helps remove accumulated toxins. By the way, within an hour after administration saline solution, the patient with poisoning will feel much better, and after a few hours, a sodium chloride dropper, if indicated, can be given again, but, as a rule, one is enough.
Also, saline solution is used to rinse the nose, which is very good for a runny nose. The solution is able to wash away all pathogenic infections and moisturize the mucous membrane. By the way, you can use saline solution to rinse the nose for small children, even newborns, who cannot ease their breathing with drops or sprays.
Why is a sodium chloride drip placed in ENT practice? To rinse the nose, but not externally, as described above, but internally, that is, a sodium chloride dropper is placed directly into the nasal sinuses. This is most often done for acute purulent sinusitis.
The throat can also be washed, this is especially true for influenza, acute respiratory infections or sore throat. At the same time, in the presence of purulent deposits, you need to gargle with saline solution as often as possible.
During pregnancy, women often have health problems, so a sodium chloride dropper can also be placed, but in this case the solution should be administered only as prescribed by a doctor. You cannot do this on your own!
It is very important to note that during pregnancy, more than 400 ml of saline solution should not be used in one infusion; this is quite enough to maintain a normal condition. An increase in the volume for administration can only be prescribed by a doctor based on diagnostic results.
The composition of the sodium chloride dropper is very similar to the composition of blood and therefore it can be given even to pregnant women and small children. Saline solution - universal medical product, time-tested.
Or saline– a remedy that maintains blood and intercellular pressure in the body. A sodium chloride dropper is used for hypohydration and intoxication of the body, with a decrease in blood volume.
Sodium chloride - solution for intravenous administration
Composition and price of sodium chloride
Sodium chloride solution, or saline, is a colorless, salty liquid that has no distinct odor. There are 2 types of saline solution with different concentrations of NaCl: 0.9% isotonic, and 10% hypertonic.
Composition of the product per 1 liter:
There are several forms of saline solution:
Storage conditions for sodium chloride: store in a dry place, out of reach of children and pets, at a temperature of +18 to +25 degrees. The shelf life of the product is 5 years.
The cost of the solution depends on the form of release, volume and manufacturer. Average prices are:
- In ampoules: 30-325 rubles.
- In bottles and bags: 25-60 rubles.
- Hypertonic saline: 80-220 rubles.
The drug is dispensed from pharmacies according to the prescription of the attending physician.
How is sodium chloride beneficial for the body?
Chlorinated sodium is present in blood plasma and tissue fluids human body. It is responsible for the stability of the osmotic pressure of intercellular fluid and blood. When there is a shortage of this substance, water leaves the vascular bed and passes into the interstitial fluid.
This provokes the following conditions:
- increased blood density;
- spasms of smooth, skeletal muscles;
- neurological pathologies;
- disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Saline solution as a basis for injection and infusion preparations
It is incompatible or poorly compatible with the following medications:
- norepinephrine;
- corticosteroids;
- leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim;
- antibiotic Polymyxin B.
In case of arterial hypertension, sodium chloride should not be combined with Enapril and Spirapril: the use of saline solution reduces the hypotensive effect of these drugs.
The saline solution has an osmotic pressure similar to the human blood environment, and therefore is quickly eliminated from the body. Already 1 hour after using the dropper, less than half of the product remains in the body.
Why is saline solution prescribed?
Saline solution is administered intravenously in the form of infusions when indicated:
- Severe and critical dehydration of the body, violation water-salt balance.
- Reduced plasma volume with large blood losses, dyspepsia, burns severe, diabetic coma.
- Carrying out surgical procedures, postoperative period.
- Intoxication of the body due to infections and poisonings of various origins.
- Epigastric, ileocecal, pulmonary bleeding.
- Digestive pathologies: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chronic and acute constipation.
- Lack of Na and Cl in the body.
When administering saline droppers with additional components the list of indications is expanding.
Instructions for use for dropper
Before introducing sodium chloride inside, it must be heated to a temperature of 36-38 degrees. The dosage of the drug is calculated individually, based on the patient’s condition, medical history, age and weight.
The average daily dosage of the drug varies in the following values:
- Adults: 500-3000 ml.
- During pregnancy: 300-1200 ml.
- Children: 20-100 ml per kg of weight.
To instantly replenish the lack of Na and Cl, 100 ml is administered once.
The average dropper speed is 540 ml/h. The hypertonic solution is injected in a stream.
Jet injection of saline solution
For dilution and drip administration of other drugs, from 50 to 250 ml of physiological solution per dose of the drug is used.
Side effects
Rare negative effects that occur with prolonged or heavy use of sodium chloride include:
If such complications occur, the administration of saline solution is stopped, and the patient is given assistance to eliminate the side effects.
Contraindications for intravenous administration
Infusion of saline solution is prohibited for the following pathologies:
IV with saline solution– fast and effective method replenishing blood volume in the body, restoring water-salt balance, cleansing of waste and toxins. To prevent the product from causing a negative reaction, it should be used exclusively under the supervision of a physician.
The active ingredient of this product is sodium chloride . The formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, these are crystals white, which quickly dissolve in water. Molar mass 58.44 g/mol. OKPD code - 14.40.1.
Saline solution (isotonic) is a 0.9% solution, it contains 9 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.
Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is a 10% solution, it contains 100 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.
Release form
A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced, which can be contained in ampoules of 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml. Ampoules are used to dissolve medications for injection.
A solution of sodium chloride 0.9% is also produced in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml. Their use in medicine is practiced for external use, carrying out drip infusions intravenously, performing enemas.
Sodium chloride solution 10% is contained in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.
With the aim of oral administration tablets of 0.9 g are available.
A nasal spray is also produced in 10 ml bottles.
pharmachologic effect
Sodium chloride is a drug that acts as a rehydrating and detoxifying agent. The medicine is able to compensate for the lack of sodium in the body, subject to the development of various pathologies. Sodium chloride also increases the amount of fluid that circulates in the vessels.
Such properties of the solution are manifested due to the presence in it chloride ions And sodium ions . They are able to penetrate the cell membrane using various transport mechanisms, in particular the sodium-potassium pump. Sodium plays an important role in the process of signal transmission in neurons; it is also involved in the metabolic process in the kidneys and in the electrophysiological processes of the human heart.
Pharmacopoeia indicates that sodium chloride maintains in extracellular fluid and blood plasma constant pressure. At in good condition body sufficient quantity This compound enters the body with food. But when pathological conditions, in particular, when vomiting , diarrhea , serious burns There is an increased release of these elements from the body. As a result, the body experiences a deficiency of chlorine and sodium ions, as a result of which the blood becomes thicker and functions are impaired. nervous system, blood flow, convulsions, spasms of smooth muscles.
If an isotonic sodium chloride solution is introduced into the blood in a timely manner, its use promotes recovery water-salt balance . But since the osmotic pressure of the solution is similar to the pressure of blood plasma, it does not stay in the vascular bed for a long time. After administration, it is quickly eliminated from the body. As a result, after 1 hour, no more than half of the injected amount of solution is retained in the vessels. Therefore, in case of blood loss, the solution is not effective enough.
The product also has plasma-substituting and detoxifying properties.
When administered intravenously hypertonic solution there is an increase , replenishing the deficiency of chlorine and sodium in the body.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Excretion from the body occurs mainly through the kidneys. Some sodium is excreted in sweat and feces.
Indications for use
Sodium chloride is a saline solution that is used when the body loses extracellular fluid. Indicated for conditions that lead to limited fluid intake:
- dyspepsia in case of poisoning;
- vomit , ;
- extensive burns;
- hyponatremia or hypochloremia , in which dehydration of the body is noted.
Considering what sodium chloride is, it is used externally to wash wounds, eyes, and nose. The drug is used to moisturize dressings, for inhalation, and for the face.
The use of NaCl is indicated for forced diuresis in case of poisoning, internal bleeding (pulmonary, intestinal, gastric).
It is also indicated in the indications for use of sodium chloride that this is a drug that is used for diluting and dissolving drugs that are administered parenterally.
Contraindications
The use of the solution is contraindicated for the following diseases and conditions:
- hypokalemia , hyperchloremia , hypernatremia ;
- extracellular overhydration , ;
- pulmonary edema , cerebral edema ;
- acute left ventricular failure;
- development of circulatory disorders, in which there is a threat of cerebral and pulmonary edema;
- prescription of large doses of GCS.
The solution should be prescribed with caution to people who are sick. arterial hypertension , peripheral edema, decompensated chronic heart failure, renal failure in chronic form, preeclampsia , as well as those diagnosed with other conditions that cause sodium retention in the body.
If the solution is used as a diluent for other medications, existing contraindications should be taken into account.
Side effects
The following conditions may develop when using sodium chloride:
- overhydration ;
- hypokalemia ;
- acidosis .
If the drug is used correctly, the development of side effects is unlikely.
If a 0.9% NaCl solution is used as a base solvent, then side effects are determined by the properties of the drugs that are diluted in the solution.
When any negative effects you need to immediately report this to a specialist.
Instructions for use of Sodium Chloride (Method and dosage)
The instructions for saline solution (isotonic solution) provide for its administration intravenously and subcutaneously.
In most cases, intravenous drip administration is practiced, for which the Sodium Chloride dropper is heated to a temperature of 36-38 degrees. The volume that is administered to the patient depends on the condition of the patient, as well as the amount of fluid that has been lost by the body. It is important to take into account the person’s age and weight.
Average daily dose of the drug - 500 ml, the solution is injected at an average speed of 540 ml/h. If there is a severe degree of intoxication, then the maximum volume of medication per day can be 3000 ml. If there is such a need, a volume of 500 ml can be administered at a speed of 70 drops per minute.
Children are given a dose of 20 to 100 ml per day per 1 kg of weight. The dosage depends on body weight and the age of the child. It should be borne in mind that with prolonged use of this medicine it is necessary to monitor the level of electrolytes in plasma and urine.
To dilute drugs that need to be administered by drip, use 50 to 250 ml of sodium chloride per dose of the drug. The characteristics of administration are determined based on the main drug.
The hypertonic solution is administered intravenously.
If the solution is used to immediately compensate for the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions, 100 ml of the solution is injected dropwise.
To perform a rectal enema to induce defecation, 100 ml of a 5% solution is administered; 3000 ml of an isotonic solution can also be administered throughout the day.
The use of a hypertensive enema is slowly indicated for renal and cardiac edema, increased and for hypertension, it is carried out slowly, 10-30 ml is administered. Such an enema cannot be performed in case of colon erosion and inflammatory processes.
Purulent wounds are treated with a solution according to the regimen prescribed by the doctor. Compresses with NaCl are applied directly to a wound or other lesion on the skin. Such a compress promotes the separation of pus and the death of pathogenic microorganisms.
Nasal spray instilled into the nasal cavity after cleansing it. For adult patients, two drops are instilled into each nostril, for children - 1 drop. It is used for both treatment and prevention, for which the solution is dripped for about 20 days.
Sodium chloride for inhalation used when colds. To do this, the solution is mixed with bronchodilators. Inhalation is carried out for ten minutes three times a day.
At emergency saline solution can be prepared at home. For this, a full teaspoon table salt need to be mixed in one liter of boiled water. If it is necessary to prepare a certain amount of solution, for example, with salt weighing 50 g, appropriate measurements should be taken. This solution can be applied topically, used for enemas, rinses, and inhalations. However, under no circumstances should such a solution be administered intravenously or used for treatment open wounds or eyes.
Overdose
In case of overdose, the patient may feel nausea, suffer from vomiting and diarrhea, he may develop abdominal pain, fever, and rapid heartbeat. Also, with an overdose, indicators may increase, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema may develop, renal failure , muscle cramps , weakness , generalized seizures , coma . If the solution is administered excessively, it may develop hypernatremia .
With excessive intake into the body, it can develop hyperchlorimic acidosis .
If sodium chloride is used to dissolve drugs, then the overdose is mainly associated with the properties of those drugs that are diluted.
If NaCl is inadvertently overinjected, it is important to stop this process and evaluate whether there is more negative symptoms at the patient. Symptomatic treatment is practiced.
Interaction
NaCl is compatible with most medications. It is this property that determines the use of the solution for diluting and dissolving a number of drugs.
When diluting and dissolving, it is necessary to monitor the compatibility of drugs visually, determining whether a precipitate appears during the process, whether the color changes, etc.
When prescribing the drug simultaneously with corticosteroids It is important to constantly monitor the levels of electrolytes in the blood.
When taken in parallel, the hypotensive effect decreases and Spirapril .
Sodium Chloride is incompatible with a leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim , as well as with a polypeptide antibiotic Polymyxin B .
There is evidence that isotonic solution increases the bioavailability of drugs.
When diluted with a solution of powdered antibiotics, they are completely absorbed by the body.
Terms of sale
Sold in pharmacies by prescription. If necessary, use the drug to dilute other medications, etc. write out a prescription in Latin.
Storage conditions
The powder, tablets and solution should be stored in a dry place, in a well-closed container, and the temperature should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius. It is important to keep the drug away from children. If the packaging is sealed, freezing does not affect the properties of the drug.
Best before date
There are no restrictions on storing powder and tablets. The solution in 0.9% ampoules can be stored for 5 years; solution in bottles 0.9% - one year, solution in bottles 10% - 2 years. Cannot be used after the shelf life has expired.
special instructions
If an infusion is given, the patient's condition should be carefully monitored, in particular plasma electrolytes. It should be taken into account that in children, due to the immaturity of kidney function, a slowdown in sodium excretion . It is important to determine its plasma concentration before repeated infusions.
It is important to monitor the condition of the solution before administering it. The solution must be transparent and the packaging undamaged. Use the solution for intravenous administration can only be done by a qualified specialist.
Any preparations with Sodium Chloride should only be dissolved by a specialist who can qualifiedly assess whether the resulting solution is suitable for administration. It is important to strictly adhere to all antiseptic rules. Any solution should be administered immediately after its preparation.
The result of the series chemical reactions with the participation of sodium chloride is the formation of chlorine. Electrolysis of molten Sodium Chloride in industry is a method of producing chlorine. If you carry out electrolysis of a solution of Sodium Chloride, you also end up with chlorine. If crystalline Sodium Chloride is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, the result is hydrogen chloride . and sodium hydroxide can be produced through a chain of chemical reactions. A qualitative reaction to chloride ion is a reaction with.
Analogues
Level 4 ATX code matches:From different manufacturers medicines the solution can be released under separate name. These are drugs Sodium Chloride Brown , Sodium chloride Bufus , Rizosin , Salin Sodium Chloride Cinco and etc.
Preparations containing sodium chloride are also produced. These are combined saline solutions + sodium chloride, etc.
For children
It is used in accordance with the instructions and under the careful supervision of specialists. The immaturity of renal function in children should be taken into account, so repeated administration is carried out only after an accurate determination of plasma sodium levels.
During pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy, a sodium chloride dropper can only be used in pathological conditions. This is toxicosis in the moderate or severe stage, as well. Healthy women receive sodium chloride with food, and its excess can lead to the development of edema.
Reviews
Most reviews are positive, as users write about this product as useful drug. There are especially many reviews about the nasal spray, which, according to patients, is a good remedy for both the prevention and treatment of a runny nose. The product effectively moisturizes the nasal mucosa and promotes healing.
Sodium Chloride price, where to buy
The price of saline solution in ampoules of 5 ml is on average 30 rubles per 10 pcs. Buying sodium chloride 0.9% in a 200 ml bottle costs an average of 30-40 rubles per bottle.
- Online pharmacies in Russia Russia
- Online pharmacies in Ukraine Ukraine
- Online pharmacies in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan
ZdravCity
Sodium chloride bufus solution d/in. 0.9% 5ml n10JSC Renewal PFK
Sodium chloride bufus solution d/in. 0.9% 10ml n10JSC Renewal PFK
Gonadotropin chorionic lyof. d/prig. solution for intramuscular injection. fl. 500 IU n5 + Sodium chloride solution d/in. 9 mg/ml amp. 1ml n5Federal State Unitary Enterprise Moscow Endocrine Plant
Sodium chloride solution d/in. 0.9% 10ml No. 10 Dalkhimpharm JSC Dalkhimfarm
Sodium chloride-SOLOpharm 0.9% solution for inf. fl.polymer. 200ml individual pack. LLC "Grotex"
Pharmacy Dialogue
Sodium chloride bufus (amp. 0.9% 5ml No. 10)
Sodium chloride (vial 0.9% 400ml)
Sodium chloride (amp. 0.9% 5ml No. 10)
Rehydration and detoxification drug for parenteral use
Active substance
Sodium chloride
Release form, composition and packaging
250 ml - polymer containers (32) - transport containers.
500 ml - polymer containers (20) - transport containers.
1000 ml - polymer containers (10) - transport containers.
pharmachologic effect
Has a detoxifying and rehydrating effect. Replenishes sodium deficiency in various pathological conditions of the body. A 0.9% solution of sodium chloride is isotonic to humans, therefore it is quickly removed from the vascular bed and only temporarily increases the volume of blood volume.
Pharmacokinetics
Sodium concentration is 142 mmol/l (plasma) and 145 mmol/l (interstitial fluid), chloride concentration is 101 mmol/l (interstitial fluid). Excreted by the kidneys.
Indications
Contraindications
- hypernatremia;
- hyperchloremia;
- hypokalemia;
- extracellular hyperhydration;
- intracellular dehydration;
- circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema;
- cerebral edema;
- pulmonary edema;
- decompensated failure;
- concomitant therapy with corticosteroids in high doses.
WITH caution: chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure, acidosis, arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, toxicosis of pregnant women.
Dosage
IV. Before administration, the drug should be warmed to 36-38°C. The average dose is 1000 ml/day as an intravenous, continuous drip infusion with an administration rate of up to 180 drops/min. In case of large fluid losses and intoxications (toxic dyspepsia), it is possible to administer up to 3000 ml/day.
For children at shock dehydration(without determining laboratory parameters) 20-30 ml/kg is administered. The dosage regimen is adjusted depending on laboratory parameters(electrolytes Na +, K +, Cl -, acid-base state of the blood).
Side effects
Acidosis, overhydration, hypokalemia.
Overdose
Symptoms: administration of large volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride to patients with impaired excretory function kidneys can lead to chloride acidosis, overhydration, increased excretion of potassium from the body.
Treatment: in case of overdose, the drug should be discontinued and symptomatic therapy administered.
Drug interactions
Compatible with colloid hemodynamic blood substitutes (mutually enhancing effect). When adding other drugs to the solution, it is necessary to visually monitor compatibility.
special instructions
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery.
Does not affect the ability to drive vehicles.
Pregnancy and lactation
Use in childhood
Shelf life - 2 years. Do not use after expiration date.
Loading...