Now it’s no secret that the war of 1941 - 1945 had elements of the Second Civil War, since about 2 million people fought against Bolshevism, which illegally seized power in 1917, 1.2 million citizens of the USSR and 0.8 million white emigrants. The SS had a total of 40 divisions, 10 of which were composed of citizens of the Russian Empire (14th Ukrainian, 15th and 19th Latvian, 20th Estonian, 29th Russian, 30th Belorussian, two Cossack SS divisions , North Caucasus, SS brigades Varyag, Desna, Nachtigal, Druzhina, etc. There was also the RNA of General Smyslovsky, the Russian Corps of General Skorodumov, the Cossack Stan of Domanov, the ROA of General Vlasov, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), the Eastern divisions of the Wehrmacht, police, Hiwi There were many of our compatriots directly in German units, and not just in national formations.
Today I would like to talk about ROA( Russian Liberation Army) General Vlasov.
P.S. The article does not justify the ROA and does not accuse them of anything. This article was exclusively written for historical information. Everyone decides for themselves whether they were heroes or traitors, but this is part of our history and I think everyone has the right to know about this history.
Russian liberation army , ROA - military units that fought on the side of Adolf Hitler against the USSR, formed by the German headquarters of the SS Troops during the Great Patriotic War from Russian collaborators.
The army was formed mainly from Soviet prisoners of war, as well as from among Russian emigrants. Unofficially, its members were called “Vlasovites,” after their leader, Lieutenant General Andrei Vlasov.
Story:
The ROA was formed primarily from Soviet prisoners of war who were captured by the Germans mainly at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, during the retreat of the Red Army. The creators of the ROA declared it as a military formation created for “ liberation of Russia from communism "(December 27, 1942). Lieutenant General Andrei Vlasov, who was captured in 1942, together with General Boyarsky, proposed in a letter to the German command to organize the ROA. General Fyodor Trukhin was appointed chief of staff, General Vladimir Baersky (Boyarsky) was his deputy, Colonel Andrei Neryanin was appointed head of the operational department of the headquarters. The leaders of the ROA also included generals Vasily Malyshkin, Dmitry Zakutny, Ivan Blagoveshchensky, and former brigade commissar Georgy Zhilenkov. The rank of ROA general was held by former Red Army major and Wehrmacht colonel Ivan Kononov. Some priests from the Russian emigration served in the marching churches of the ROA, including priests Alexander Kiselev and Dmitry Konstantinov.
Among the leadership of the ROA there were also former generals civil war in Russia from White Movement: V. I. Angeleev, V. F. Belogortsev, S. K. Borodin, Colonels K. G. Kromiadi, N. A. Shokoli, Lieutenant Colonel A. D. Arkhipov, as well as M. V. Tomashevsky, Yu. K. Meyer, V. Melnikov, Skarzhinsky, Golub and others, as well as Colonel I.K. Sakharov (formerly a lieutenant in the Spanish army under General F. Franco). Support was also provided by: generals A. P. Arkhangelsky, A. A. von Lampe, A. M. Dragomirov, P. N. Krasnov, N. N. Golovin, F. F. Abramov, E. I. Balabin, I. A. Polyakov, V.V. Kreiter, Don and Kuban atamans, generals G.V. Tatarkin and V.G. Naumenko.
Captain V.K. Shtrik-Shtrikfeldt, who served in the German army, did a lot to create the collaborator ROA.
The army was financed entirely by the German state bank.
However, there was antagonism between former Soviet prisoners and white emigrants, and the latter were gradually ousted from the leadership of the ROA. Most of them served in other Russian volunteer formations not associated with the ROA (only a few days before the end of the war, formally attached to the ROA) - the Russian Corps, the brigade of General A.V. Turkul in Austria, the 1st Russian National Army, the regiment " Varyag" by Colonel M.A. Semenov, a separate regiment of Colonel Krzhizhanovsky, as well as in Cossack formations (15th Cossack Cavalry Corps and Cossack Stan).
On January 28, 1945, the ROA received the status of the armed forces of an allied power, maintaining neutrality towards the United States and Great Britain. On May 12, 1945, an order was signed to dissolve the ROA.
After the victory of the USSR and the occupation of Germany, most of the members of the ROA were transferred to the Soviet authorities. Some of the “Vlasovites” managed to escape and get asylum in Western countries and avoid punishment.
Compound:
At the end of April 1945, A. A. Vlasov had the following armed forces under his command:
1st Division of Major General S.K. Bunyachenko (22,000 people)
2nd Division of Major General G. A. Zverev (13,000 people)
3rd Division of Major General M. M. Shapovalov (unarmed, there was only a headquarters and 10,000 volunteers)
the reserve brigade of Lieutenant Colonel (later Colonel) S. T. Koida (7000 people) is the only commander of a large formation not extradited by the US occupation authorities to the Soviet side.
Air Force General V.I. Maltsev (5000 people)
VET division
officer school of General M. A. Meandrov.
auxiliary parts,
Russian Corps of Major General B. A. Shteifon (4500 people). General Steifon died suddenly on April 30th. The corps that surrendered to Soviet troops was led by Colonel Rogozhkin.
Cossack Camp of Major General T. I. Domanov (8000 people)
group of Major General A.V. Turkul (5200 people)
15th Cossack Cavalry Corps under Lieutenant General H. von Pannwitz (more than 40,000 people)
Cossack reserve regiment of General A. G. Shkuro (more than 10,000 people)
and several small formations of less than 1000 people;
security and punitive legions, battalions, companies; Russian Liberation Army of Vlasov; Russian security corps of Shteifon; 15th Cossack Corps von Pannwitz; individual military formations that were not part of the ROA; “volunteer helpers” - “hivi”.
In total, these formations numbered 124 thousand people. These parts were scattered at a considerable distance from each other.
I, a faithful son of my Motherland, voluntarily joining the ranks of the Russian Liberation Army, solemnly swear: to fight honestly against the Bolsheviks, for the good of my Motherland. In this fight against a common enemy, on the side German army and its allies, I swear to be faithful and unquestioningly obey the Leader and Commander-in-Chief of all liberation armies, Adolf Hitler. I am ready, in fulfillment of this oath, not to spare myself and my life.
I, as a faithful son of my Motherland, voluntarily joining the ranks of the fighters of the Armed Forces of the peoples of Russia, in the face of my compatriots, swear an oath - for the good of my people, under the main command of General Vlasov, to fight against Bolshevism until last straw blood. This struggle is being waged by all freedom-loving peoples in alliance with Germany under the main command of Adolf Hitler. I vow to be faithful to this union. In fulfillment of this oath, I am ready to give my life.
Symbols and insignia:
The flag with the St. Andrew's Cross, as well as the Russian tricolor, was used as the flag of the ROA. The use of the Russian tricolor, in particular, is documented in footage of the parade of the 1st Guards Brigade of the ROA in Pskov on June 22, 1943, in photo chronicles of the Vlasov formation in Munsingen, as well as other documents.
Completely new uniforms and insignia of the ROA could be seen in 43-44 on soldiers of the eastern battalions stationed in France. The uniform itself was made of grayish-blue material (stocks of captured French army cloth) and in cut was a compilation of a Russian tunic and a German uniform.
The shoulder straps of soldiers, non-commissioned officers and officers were of the Russian type tsarist army and were sewn from dark green material with red trim. Officers had one or two narrow red stripes along their shoulder straps. General's shoulder straps were also of the royal type, but the same green shoulder straps with red edging were more common, and the general's "zig-zag" was depicted with a red stripe. The placement of insignia among non-commissioned officers roughly corresponded to the tsarist army. For officers and generals, the number and placement of stars (German model) corresponded to the German principle:
In the figure from left to right: 1 - soldier, 2 - corporal, 3 - non-commissioned officer, 4 - sergeant major, 5 - second lieutenant (lieutenant), 6 - lieutenant (senior lieutenant), 7 - captain, 8 - major, 9 - lieutenant colonel , 10 - colonel, 11 - major general, 12 - lieutenant general, 13 - general. The last highest rank in the ROA, Petlitsy, also included three types - soldier. and non-commissioned officer, officer, general. The officer's and general's buttonholes were edged with silver and gold flagella, respectively. However, there was a buttonhole that could be worn by both soldiers and officers. This buttonhole had a red border. A gray German button was placed at the top of the buttonhole, and a 9mm ran along the buttonhole. aluminum galloon.
"Russia is ours. Russia's past is ours. Russia's future is also ours" (gen. A. A. Vlasov)
Printing organs: newspapers ROA fighter"(1944), weekly" Volunteer" (1943-44), " Front leaflet for volunteers "(1944), " Volunteer Messenger "(1944), " Alarm"(1943), " Volunteer Page "(1944), " Warrior's Voice"(1944), " Zarya" (1943-44), " Work », « Arable land", weekly " Is it true" (1941-43), " With hostility». For the Red Army: « Stalin's warrior », « Brave Warrior », « Red Army », « Front-line soldier», « Soviet warrior ».
General Vlasov wrote: "Recognizing the independence of each people, National Socialism provides all the peoples of Europe with the opportunity to build their own lives in their own way. For this, each people needs living space. Hitler considers its possession the fundamental right of every people. Therefore, the occupation of Russian territory by German troops is not aimed at destruction Russians, but on the contrary - victory over Stalin will return to the Russians their Fatherland within the family of New Europe."
On September 16, 1944, at the headquarters of the Reichsführer SS in East Prussia, a meeting between Vlasov and Himmler took place, during which the latter stated: “Mr. General, I spoke with the Fuhrer, from now on you can consider yourself the commander-in-chief of the army with the rank of colonel general.” A few days later, the reorganization of the headquarters began. Before that, to the headquarters, except for Vlasov and V.F. Malyshkin included: commandant of headquarters Colonel E.V. Kravchenko (since 09.1944, Colonel K.G. Kromiadi), head of the personal office, Major M.A. Kalugin-Tenzorov, Vlasov’s adjutant Captain R. Antonov, supply manager Lieutenant V. Melnikov, liaison officer S.B. Frelnkh and 6 soldiers.
On November 14, 1944, the founding congress of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR) took place in Prague, and A. Vlasov was elected chairman. In his opening remarks Vlasov said: “Today we can assure the Fuhrer and the entire German people that in their difficult struggle against the worst enemy of all peoples - Bolshevism, the peoples of Russia are their faithful allies and will never lay down their arms, but will go shoulder to shoulder with them until complete victory. ". At the congress, the creation of the Armed Forces of the KONR (AF KONR) was announced, led by Vlasov.
After the congress, the security company of Major Begletsov and the management company of Major Shishkevich were transferred from Dabendorf to Dahlem. Major Khitrov was appointed commandant of headquarters instead of Kromiadi. Kromiadi was transferred to the post of head of Vlasov's Personal Office, his predecessor, Lieutenant Colonel Kalugin, to the post of head of the Security Department.
On January 18, 1945, Vlasov, Aschenbrener, Kroeger met with the Secretary of State of the German Foreign Ministry, Baron Stengracht. An agreement was signed on the subsidization of KONR and its aircraft by the German government. At the end of January 1945, when Vlasov visited German Foreign Minister von Ribbentorp, he informed Vlasov that cash loans were being provided for KONR. Andreev testified about this at the trial: “I, as the chief of the main financial management KONR was in charge of all the financial resources of the Committee. I received all financial resources from the German State Bank from the current account of the Ministry of the Interior. All sums of money I received from the bank on checks issued by representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Sievers and Ryuppei, who controlled the financial activities of KONR. From such checks I received about 2 million marks.”
On January 28, 1945, Hitler appointed Vlasov Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces. The ROA began to be treated as the Armed Forces of an allied power, temporarily subordinated operationally to the Wehrmacht.
"Telegram from the Reichsführer SS to General Vlasov. Compiled on the instructions of Obergruppenführer Berger. From the day this order was signed, the Fuhrer appointed you as the supreme commander of the 600th and 650th Russian divisions. At the same time, you will be entrusted with the supreme command of all new emerging and regrouping Russian formations. Yours." "The disciplinary right of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief will be recognized and at the same time the right of promotion to officer ranks up to lieutenant colonel. Promotion to colonel and general takes place in agreement with the head of the SS Main Directorate in accordance with the provisions existing for the Great German Empire. G. Himmler."
On February 10, 1945, Inspector General of Volunteer Formations E. Kestring informed Vlasov that in view of the completion of the creation of the 1st Division and the progress made in the formation of the 2nd, he could officially take command of both formations.
The oath-taking parade took place on February 16 in Müsingen. Kestring, Aschenbrenner, commander of the 5th military regiment were present at the parade. in Stuttgart Fayel, head of the testing site in Müsingen, General. Wenniger. The parade began with Vlasov walking around the troops. Bunyachenko raised his hand in an Aryan salute and reported. Having completed his tour, Vlasov ascended to the podium and said the following: “During the years of joint struggle, the friendship of the Russian and German peoples was born. Both sides made mistakes, but tried to correct them - and this speaks of a commonality of interests. The main thing in the work of both sides is mutual trust trust. I thank the Russians and German officers who participated in the creation of this union. I am convinced that we will soon return to our homeland with those soldiers and officers whom I see here. Long live the friendship of the Russian and German peoples! Long live the soldiers and officers of the Russian Army!" Then the parade of the 1st division began. There were three infantry regiments with rifles at the ready, an artillery regiment, an anti-tank fighter division, sapper and signal battalions. The procession was closed by a column of tanks and self-propelled guns. On the same day, Russian The corps announced its entry into the ROA.
Text of the oath of the ROA/AF KONR: “As a faithful son of my Motherland, I voluntarily join the ranks of the troops of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia. In the presence of my fellow countrymen, I solemnly swear to fight honestly to the last drop of blood under the command of General Vlasov for the good of my people against Bolshevism. This struggle is being waged by all freedom-loving peoples under the supreme command of Adolf Hitler. I vow that I will remain faithful to this union."
On February 20, 1945, the deputy representative of the International Red Cross in Germany was given a KONR memorandum on protecting the interests of prisoners of war from the ROA if they surrendered to representatives of the Western powers. When coming into contact with the International Red Cross, Vlasov counted on the help of the organization’s secretary, Baron Pilar von Pilah, a Russian officer.
By the end of March 1945, the total strength of the KONR Armed Forces was about 50,000 people.
On March 24, 1945, at the All-Cossack Congress in Virovitica (Croatia), a decision was made to unite the Cossack troops with the KONR Armed Forces. Vlasov was also joined by the brigade of Major General A.V. Turkul, who began the formation of regiments in Lienz, Ljubljana and Villach.
Major General Smyslovsky, who headed the 1st Russian National Army, refused to cooperate with Vlasov. Negotiations with General Shandruk on the inclusion of the SS division "Galicia" in the KONR Armed Forces remained without result. The German command did not subordinate the 9th infantry brigade to Vlasov. Major General von Henning, in Denmark. Later, one of the regiments of the brigade became part of the 1st division. (714th), stationed since February on the Oder Front under the command (from the beginning of March) of Colonel Igor Konst. Sakharov (participant in the Spanish Civil War, head of the Spanish branch of the Russian Fascist Party).
To test the combat capability of the KONR Armed Forces, on the orders of Himmler, an assault group (505 people) was formed by Colonel I.K. Sakharov. Armed with SG-43 rifles, MP-40 submachine guns and faustpatrons, the group was brought into battle on February 9 in the area between Vriezen and Gustebise in the Küstrin region with the goal of knocking out Soviet troops from a bridgehead on the western bank of the Oder. The detachment as part of the Döberitz division took part in the battles against the 230th Division. Commander of the 9th Army, Gen. Busse ordered the commander of the 101st Corps, General. Berlin and the division commander, Colonel Hünber, “receive the Russians in a friendly manner” and “behave very smartly with them politically.” The detachment was entrusted with the task of liberating a number of settlements in the sector of the 230th SD of the Red Army and persuade its soldiers to cease resistance and surrender. During the night attack and 12-hour battle, the Vlasovites, dressed in Red Army uniforms, managed to capture several strong points and capture 3 officers and 6 soldiers. In the following days, Sakharov’s detachment undertook two reconnaissance in force in the region of the city of Schwedt and participated in repelling a tank attack, destroying 12 tanks. On the actions of the Russians, the commander of the 9th Army, Infantry General Busse, reported to the main command of the German ground forces (OKH) that the Russian allies distinguished themselves by the skillful actions of their officers and the bravery of their soldiers. Goebbels wrote in his diary: “... during Sakharov’s operation in the Küstrin area, General Vlasov’s troops fought magnificently... Vlasov himself believes that although the Soviets have enough tanks and weapons, they nevertheless faced almost insurmountable difficulties supplies from the rear. They have a lot of tanks concentrated on the Oder, but they don’t have enough gasoline..." Gene. Berlin personally awarded the soldiers and officers the Iron Crosses (Sakharov was awarded the Iron Cross 1st class), Vlasov received personal congratulations from Himmler on this occasion. After this, Himmler told Hitler that he would like to have more Russian troops under his command.
On March 26, at the last meeting of the KONR, it was decided to gradually pull all formations into the Austrian Alps for surrender to the Anglo-Americans.
On April 13, the Swiss Ambassador in Berlin, Zehnder, said that the arrival of the Vlasovites on Swiss territory was undesirable, because this may harm the interests of the country. The Swiss government also refused to Vlasov personally.
In April, Vlasov sent Captain Shtrik-Shtrikfeld and General Malyshkin with the task of establishing contact with the allies.
On April 10, the Southern group of the ROA performed in the Budweis-Linz region. The 1st Division moved here from the Oder Front. At the beginning of May she was near Prague, where by this time a rebellion had broken out. Chehir radioed asking for help.
On May 11, Vlasov surrendered to the Americans and was in the Shlisselburg fortress as a prisoner of war. At 14:00 on May 12, under the protection of an American convoy, he was sent to higher American headquarters, ostensibly for negotiations. The column of vehicles was stopped by Soviet officers. At gunpoint, they demanded that Vlasov and Bunyachenko, who was with him, move into their cars. American officers and the soldiers did not interfere. German historians believe that the Deputy Chief of Staff of the 12th Corps of the American Army, Colonel P. Martin, played an important role in this.
ROA officers were shot without trial, and everyone else was sent to concentration camps in locked freight cars. Those who were not sentenced to death penalty and camp terms, according to the resolution of the State Defense Committee of August 18, 1945, they received an extrajudicial 6 years of special settlement.
On closed trial In addition to Vlasov, Malyshkin, Zhilenkov, Trukhin, Zakutny, Blagoveshchensky, Meandorov, Maltsev, Bunyachenko, Zverev, Korbukov and Shatov appeared. The court sentenced them to death by hanging. The sentence was carried out on August 1, 1946.
1. Commander-in-Chief: Lieutenant General Andrei A. Vlasov, former commander of the 2nd Shock Army of the Red Army. Iron Cross (02/09/1945).
2. NS and Deputy Commander-in-Chief: Major General F.I. Trukhin (08.1946, hanged), former deputy NSh of the North-Western Front of the Red Army
3. Deputy NS: Colonel (since 09/24/1944 Major General) V.I. Boyarsky
4. officer under the Commander-in-Chief for special assignments: Nikolai Aleksan. Troitsky (b. 1903), graduated from the Simbirsk Polytechnic Institute in 1924, then from the Moscow Architectural Institute. He worked in the People's Commissariat for Education, scientific secretary of the Moscow Architectural Society, and deputy scientific secretary of the USSR Academy of Architecture. Arrested in 1937, he was under investigation for 18 months at Lubyanka. In 1941 he was captured and until 1943 he was in a concentration camp. Co-author of the Prague Manifesto KONR. After the war, one of the leaders and organizers of the SBONR. In 1950-55. Director of the Munich Institute for the Study of History and Culture of the USSR. Book author " Concentration camps USSR" (Munich, 1955) and a series of short stories.
5. adjutant of the Headquarters leadership group: second lieutenant A.I. Romashin, Romashkin.
6. Commandant of Staff: Colonel E.V. Kravchenko
7. officer for special assignments: senior lieutenant M.V. Tomashevsky. Graduated from the Law Faculty of Kharkov University.
8. Liaison Officer: Nikol. Vladim. Vashchenko (1916 - after 1973), pilot, was shot down and captured in 1941. He graduated from propagandist courses in Luckenwald and Dabendorf.
Head of the Office: Lieutenant S.A. Sheiko
translator: second lieutenant A.A. Kubekov.
Head of the general unit: Lieutenant Prokopenko
head of food supply: captain V. Cheremisinov.
Operations department:
1. Chief, Deputy NS: Colonel Andrey Geor. Aldan (Neryanin) (1904 - 1957, Washington), son of a worker. In the Red Army since 1919. Graduated from infantry courses and Military Academy them. M.V. Frunze (1934, with honors). In 1932 he was expelled from the CPSU(b) for his left-Trotskyist deviation, then reinstated. Head of the Operations Department of the Ural Military District (1941), was captured near Vyazma in November 1941, being the head of the operations department of the 20th Army headquarters. In 1942-44. member of the Anti-Comintern. Responsible for the organizational activities of the ROA headquarters. Chairman of the Union of Warriors of the Liberation Movement (USA). Member of the Central Bureau of the SBONR.
2. Deputy: Lieutenant Colonels Korovin
3. Head of subdepartment: V.F. Ril.
4. Head of subdepartment: V.E. Mikhelson.
Intelligence Department:
Initially, the military and civilian intelligence services were under the jurisdiction of the KONR security department, Lieutenant Colonel N.V. Tensorova. His deputies were Major M.A. Kalugin and b. head of the special department of the headquarters of the North Caucasus military district Major A.F. Chikalov. On 02.1945, military intelligence separated from civilian intelligence. Under the supervision of Major General Trukhin, a separate intelligence service of the ROA began to be created, and an intelligence department was formed at the Headquarters. On February 22, the department was divided into several groups:
intelligence: chief lieutenant N.F. Lapin (senior assistant to the head of the 2nd department), later Lieutenant B. Gai;
counterintelligence.
enemy intelligence group: second lieutenant A.F. Vronsky (assistant to the head of the 1st department).
According to the order of Major General Trukhin dated 8.03. In 1945, the l/s department consisted of 21 officers, in addition to the chief. Later, the department included captain V. Denisov and other officers.
1. Chief: Major I.V. Grachev
2. head of counterintelligence: Major Chikalov, supervised the operational intelligence of the ROA, since 1945 he organized the training of military intelligence personnel and terrorist actions in the USSR.
Counterintelligence Department:
Chief Major Krainev
Investigation Department:
Chief: Major Galanin
Secret correspondence department:
Chief: Captain P. Bakshansky
Human Resources Department:
Chief: Captain Zverev
Communications department:
Head of the Office, Senior Lieutenant V.D. Korbukov.
VOSO Department:
Chief: Major G.M. Kremensky.
Topographic department:
Chief: Lieutenant Colonel G. Vasiliev. Senior lieutenant of the Red Army.
Encryption department:
1st Chief: Major A. Polyakov
2. Deputy: Lieutenant Colonel I.P. Pavlov. Senior lieutenant of the Red Army.
Formations department:
1st Chief: Colonel I. D. Denisov
2nd Deputy: Major M.B. Nikiforov
3. group leader of the formations department: captain G.A. Fedoseev
4. group leader of the formations department: captain V.F. Demidov
5. group leader of the formations department: captain S.T. Kozlov
6. Head of the formation department group: Major G.G. Sviridenko.
Combat training department:
1. Chief: Major General Asberg (Artsezov, Asbjargas) (b. Baku), Armenian. Graduated military school in Astrakhan, commander of a tank unit. Colonel of the Red Army. He emerged from encirclement near Taganrog, was convicted by a military tribunal and sentenced to death in 1942, which was replaced by a penal battalion. In the first battle he went over to the Germans.
2. Deputy: Colonel A.N. Tavantsev.
Head of the 1st subsection (training): Colonel F.E. Black
3. Head of the 2nd subsection (military schools): Colonel A.A. Denisenko.
4. Head of the 3rd subsection (charter): Lieutenant Colonel A.G. Moskvichev.
Command department:
Consisted of 5 groups.
1. Chief: Colonel (02.1945) Vladimir Vas. Poznyakov (05/17/1902, St. Petersburg - 12/21/1973, Syracuse, USA). In the Red Army since 1919. In 1920 he graduated from the Kaluga command courses. From 09.20 instructor of newspaper business on the Southwestern Front. In 1921-26. student of the Higher Military Chemical School. Since 01.26, head of the chemical service of the 32nd Saratov Infantry Division. In 1928-31. teacher at the Saratov School of Reserve Commanders. In 1931-32 teacher at the Saratov Armored School. In 1932-36. head of the chemical service of the Ulyanovsk armored school. Captain (1936). Major (1937). In 1937-39 arrested and tortured. In 1939-41. teacher of chemistry at the Poltava Automotive Technical School. Since 03.41, head of the chemical service of the 67th IC. Lieutenant Colonel (05/29/1941). 10.1941 captured near Vyazma. In 1942, he was the head of the camp police near Bobruisk, then at the propaganda courses in Wulheide. 04.1943 at the Dabendorf school of propagandists, commander of the 2nd cadet company. From 07.43 he was the head of the preparatory courses for propagandists in Luckenwalde. In the summer of 1944, he was the head of a group of ROA propagandists in the Baltic states. Since 11.1944, head of the command department of the ROA headquarters. On October 9, 1945, he was sentenced to death in absentia. Since the early 50s. taught at military schools of the US Army, worked for the CIA. Since the beginning of the 60s. taught at the military aviation school in Syracuse. Author of the books: “The Birth of the ROA” (Syracuse, 1972) and “A.A. Vlasov" (Syracuse, 1973).
2. Deputy: Major V.I. Strelnikov.
3. Head of the 1st subsection (General Staff officers): Captain Ya. A. Kalinin.
4. Head of the 2nd subsection (infantry): Major A.P. Demsky.
5. Head of the 3rd subsection (cavalry): senior lieutenant N.V. Vashchenko.
6. Head of the 4th subsection (artillery): Lieutenant Colonel M.I. Pankevich.
7. Head of the 5th subsection (tank and engineering troops): Captain A. G. Kornilov.
8. Head of the 6th subdepartment (administrative, economic and military sanitary services): Major V.I. Panayot.
Russian Liberation Army - ROA. Part 1.
Meskiukas> I don’t know if it’s fake or not, but the Vlasovites and others wore eagles.
In this photo, the dude has the ROA sleeve chevron, but the shoulder straps are of a German non-commissioned officer, the buttonholes are completely incomprehensible.
The symbolism on the ROA uniform should have been like this:
On April 29, 1943, Order No. 500/43 of the General Staff of the Dermacht Ground Forces (OKH) was issued on the introduction of uniforms and insignia of the Russian Liberation Army. By Directive No. 14124/43 of May 29, 1943, these insignia are introduced for all Russian military formations taking part in the war on the side of Germany, and all other insignia are abolished. However, basically everyone limited themselves to sewing the ROA patch on the sleeve above the elbow (some on the left, some on the right, and some on both sleeves). Firstly, many chose to wear German insignia and uniforms, although this was prohibited and in some cases persecuted by the Germans. Secondly, there were significant difficulties in the manufacture and supply of insignia. But this patch became popular and was used until the end of the war.
Completely new uniforms and insignia of the ROA could be seen in 43-44 on soldiers of the eastern battalions stationed in France. The uniform itself was made of grayish-blue material (stocks of captured French army cloth) and in cut was a compilation of a Russian tunic and a German uniform.
There were three types of rank badges for headdresses. The soldier's and non-commissioned officer's cockade was simply a blue oval with a red center, the officer's had a silver "shine" around the oval, and the general's had a golden "shine".
Buttonholes were also provided for three types - soldier and non-commissioned officer, officer, general. The officer's and general's buttonholes were edged with silver and gold flagella, respectively. However, there was a buttonhole that could be worn by both soldiers and officers. This buttonhole had a red border. A gray German button was placed at the top of the buttonhole, and a 9mm ran along the buttonhole. aluminum galloon.
The shoulder straps of soldiers, non-commissioned officers and officers were of the Russian Tsarist Army type and were sewn from dark green material with red trim. Officers had one or two narrow red stripes along their shoulder straps. General's shoulder straps were also of the royal type, but the same green shoulder straps with red edging were more common, and the general's "zigzag" was depicted with a red stripe. The placement of insignia among non-commissioned officers roughly corresponded to the tsarist army. For officers and generals, the number and placement of stars (German model) corresponded to the German principle.
Officially, the tricolor was not used in the Russian Liberation Army and the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia until approximately January 1945, when it was finally permitted by the German command.
It is still worth noting that the Russian tricolor and its variations were used by individual collaborators up to this point - both officially and not. The use of the tricolor was recorded at the parade of the 1st Guards Brigade of the ROA in Pskov on June 22, 1943, where the flag was carried by its chief of staff, former White Army Colonel K.G. Kromiadi. The tricolor was also used on the cockades of soldiers of the “Russian National Army” and on the chevrons of soldiers of the “Russian National People’s Army”, which, nevertheless, were led by white emigrants and included a significant number of representatives of white emigration. The tricolor with the St. Andrew's cross crossing it was used as a symbol of the Russian SS trainees, and the Russian national flag itself was used in their camp in Troppau.
The unofficial use of the tricolor (as, for example, at the parade in Pskov) was rather a manifestation of their own nationalist ideas, the desire of the collaborators to show that they are not just German puppets.
But, nevertheless, the use of the tricolor was not welcomed by party functionaries. As one of the largest researchers of the Vlasov movement, Sven Shteenberg, writes, the artist A. N. Rodzevich was involved in the creation of the symbols of the ROA by the Vlasovites, who drew 9 sketches with a predominance of the colors of the traditional Russian tricolor. However, when they were submitted for approval to the Imperial Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories, Rosenberg personally crossed out all nine, after which the sketches were returned, to which General Vlasov said: “I would have left it that way - the Russian flag, crossed out by the Germans out of fear of it.” " Then General V.F. Malyshkin proposed using the St. Andrew's Cross, and the sketch, which ultimately received Rosenberg's approval, was a blue St. Andrew's Cross on a white field. Subsequently, the symbol of the ROA became the St. Andrew's shield with a red edging. Later, the St. Andrew's flag became the flag of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia. Restrictions even on the use of national symbols disappointed the collaborators in their hopes that the Germans would help them create a new independent Russian statehood.
The Vlasovites began to use the tricolors en masse in May 1945, when they opposed the Germans and took part in the Prague Uprising on the side of the Czechs. The use of the tricolor by the Vlasovites was then recorded both in photographs and on video.
In principle, one should not draw direct parallels between the modern flag of Russia and the use of the tricolor in the ROA, because These phenomena are still connected only by the fact that for the Russians the white-blue-red flag was then and is now one of the symbols of historical Russia. The fact that it was used by those Russians who fought on the side of Germany against the USSR only shows the deep tragedy of those people and their deceptive hopes and belief that they are the ones who are fighting for Russia, that they are real Russians.
Each state has its own symbols that carry some meaning. The flag, along with other signs, symbolizes the independence of the state and people.
Official history says that until the seventeenth century the national flag in Russian Empire did not have. In all countries that had a fleet, ships had to sail with their country's flag raised. And when it appeared, it was necessary to raise the flag, as in other countries. That’s when they came up with the tricolor, which some now call the “Vlasov flag.” Warships sailed under it for thirty years. But after the adoption of a decree that military ships fly a different flag - St. Andrew's, the tricolor began to be used only by civilian ships.
In the nineteenth century, it was proposed to select the colors of the Russian flag in accordance with the coat of arms. After imperial approval for several decades, the black-yellow-white flag became the state flag. But without receiving public approval, it was changed to a white-blue-red tricolor. And the former flag has since become the flag of the Romanov dynasty.
Flag of the Russian Federation
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the tricolor became the same as it was during the Russian Empire. At the end of the year 2000, a law on the national flag was adopted, defining the rules for its use and legal status.
On the Internet you can find this name for the Russian state flag. This is how it began to be called in connection with the events during the Great Patriotic War.
After the overthrow of the monarchical system, the tricolor was replaced by the red flag of the RSFSR, and later by the USSR. The flag of the Vlasov army appeared when individual traitorous formations, who decided to unite with Hitler’s army in order to fight the Soviet regime, united into the so-called ROA, the Russian liberation army. It was headed by A. Vlasov, a man who enjoyed the confidence of the Kremlin. However, having been captured, after some time he decided to start fighting Soviet power, becoming a traitor to his homeland.
Flag of traitors
A huge number of Russian people lived in inhumane conditions, slowly dying. The fascists offered them an alternative to these conditions - joining the ROA, and some people, unable to endure it any longer, went over to the side of the enemy. They were called Vlasovites.
By joining the flag of the Vlasov army, people not only avoided starvation. Among them were many officers who believed in the idea that, thanks to the fascist army, they would be able to overthrow the Bolshevik system.
However, this idea turned out to be not exactly the one they were after, because the methods of fighting the Stalinist regime turned, in fact, into a betrayal of their Motherland. Therefore, the plans could not be implemented, since the initial betrayal made the “rainbow” ideas flawed. This is why the Russian flag (Vlasov) is sometimes associated with betrayal.
Vlasov wanted to take advantage of the fascists, and the fascists took advantage of him. When they needed it, they gave him freedom to form their so-called army. However, when he entered into polemics with the Germans and disagreed with them in some way, his ROA ceased to receive support for further agitation, and the fascists directed the army solely for their own purposes.
Vlasov was transferred Soviet Union May 5, 1945 by the Americans. And fifteen months later he was executed for
What should the flag of the Russian Federation be like?
Some Russians, citing the “bad past” of the white-blue-red tricolor, are in favor of replacing the Russian flag with the flag of the Romanov dynasty, considering it “more Russian” than the Vlasov flag. Photo of the Russian flag:
Initially, the colors of the flag, as far as is now known, did not mean anything specific. But later they found meaning for the Russian people.
This is what these stripes meant:
- white - freedom and independence;
- blue is the color of the Mother of God;
- red - sovereignty.
Today the flag is described as follows:
- white - peace, purity, perfection;
- blue - loyalty and faith;
- red - strength, energy, blood shed for the Motherland.
So, is it worth calling the symbol of Russia the Vlasov flag because of the small number of people who got confused during the Great Patriotic War and became traitors? After all, the tricolor has been used in Russia for several centuries.
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KONR brochure, 1944, - the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia - a political body created with the participation of the authorities of Nazi Germany to overthrow the existing political system in the USSR and united the Russians and a number of national organizations operating in territories controlled by Nazi Germany.
Recently, due to the extremely negative attitude Russian society to the so-called Vlasov army, an ideological movement began to separate it from its flag, the state flag of the Russian Federation, known as white-blue-red. Russian Liberation Army, ROA - the historical name of the armed forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR), who fought on the side of the Third Reich against the USSR, as well as the totality of the majority of Russian anti-Soviet units and units from Russian collaborators within the Wehrmacht in 1943-1944, formed various German military structures (the headquarters of the SS Troops, etc.) during the Great Patriotic War, led by known traitor General A.A. Vlasov. As a flag, she used a flag with the St. Andrew's Cross, as well as the Russian tricolor, which is documented in the footage of the parade of the 1st Guards Brigade of the ROA in Pskov on June 22, 1943 and in the photo chronicle of the formation of the Vlasovites in Munsingen. The use of the Russian tricolor in ROA units is confirmed by one of their marching songs - the so-called “March of the Russian Liberation Army”:
We are walking, with a tricolor flag above us.
We walk through our native fields.
Our motive is carried by the winds
And they are carried to the Moscow domes.
And now, when everything had been established long ago and precisely, absurd statements like these suddenly began to appear: It is a reliably known fact that when forming such units, the Germans banned the use of the white-blue-red three-stripe flag, clearly fearing Russian national symbols. This data can be gleaned from the memoirs of V. Shtrik-Strikfeldt “Against Stalin and Hitler,” a Russian German seconded to A.A. Vlasov: “Gradually, all the so-called “national military units” in the German army received badges with the national colors of their peoples . Only the largest people - the Russians - were denied this. This issue urgently required a solution. But even here difficulties arose. The historical Russian national colors - white-blue-red - were banned."(Russian flags during World War II)
To improve visibility, the flag is artificially colored. 
Along with these data, the German writer Sven Steenberg argued that ROA flag was Andreevsky. The ROA sleeve chevron was an Andreev shield with a red edging. Photographs of the famous Prague meeting of the KONR on November 14, 1944 clearly show that the stage is decorated with two huge banners: the Nazi flag with a swastika and the St. Andrew's flag. There is an opinion that the ROA flag was also a white-blue-red flag, but it was banned by the Germans. The Russian artist A. N. Rodzevich was involved in the development of the symbols of the ROA. He made nine sketches, all of which were dominated by the colors of the old Russian flag - white, blue and red. The sketches were submitted to the Imperial Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories for approval. Rosenberg personally crossed out all nine, after which the sketches came back, prompting a bitter remark from Vlasov: “I would have left it that way - the Russian flag, crossed out by the Germans out of fear of it.” Then Malyshkin suggested using the St. Andrew's Cross, and the sketch, which ultimately received Rosenberg's approval, was a blue St. Andrew's Cross on a white field. In the footage of the parade of the 1st Guards Brigade of the ROA in Pskov on June 22, 1943, there is a white-blue-red flag. But there the white-blue-red flag was used as a symbol of the Russian people, Russia and the White Army.(Shteenberg S. General Vlasov. - M.: Eksmo, 2005)
So, the Germans banned the tricolor because they didn’t like it, these scribblers claim. But besides the ROA, Hitler also had other units of Soviet traitors.
Russian National People's Army (RNNA) (Sonderverband “Graukopf” (“Special Unit “Gray Head”))- an armed paramilitary formation formed in the occupied territory of the USSR and took part in World War II on the side of the Third Reich. 
Lieutenant V.A. Ressler, Colonel K.G. Kromiadi and senior doctor Razumovsky. Osintorf, 1942. Ressler and Kromiadi dressed in Soviet uniform with RNNA shoulder straps and three-color cockades.
“For the cockade of the headdress, the colors of the Russian national flag were taken - white, blue and red. Due to the lack of suitable material, they were made from cloth and cardboard. Of course, our flag was white, blue and red.", - writes in his book “For the land, for freedom!” Colonel of the White Army K. G. Kromiadi.
"Green Special Purpose Army" - 1st Russian National Army - Division "Russland"- a military formation that operated as part of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War under the leadership of B. A. Smyslovsky (an Abwehr officer operating under the pseudonym Arthur Holmston) - went into battle under the tricolor.
Sleeve insignia of the “Special Division of General Smyslovsky”, 1943
Why did the fascists, who allegedly did not like the tricolor so much that they allegedly banned Vlasov from using it, allowed the tricolor to everyone who liked it? Where is the logic? Why was a white-blue-red flag used at the KONR meeting in Riga in 1944?
Why was the blue and red cockade worn on the right sleeve the distinctive badge of the KONR Armed Forces? The answer is obvious - no one in Hitler’s army banned the tricolor; the ROA simply used two flags to expand the range of attracting volunteers. Today's Vlasovites select chronicle footage where only one of the hung flags is captured by the camera lens, and present them as proof of the “innocence” of their symbol, saying that the participants in the events have already died, there are no ROA museums - go figure.(For the main collaborator of the Kremlin junta, Gena Zyuganov, the tricolor has long ceased to be a Vlasov skirt; now he calls it “the desecrated Vlasov.”) Modern Vlasovites themselves admit their lies when, between statements about the Nazis banning the tricolor, they insert phrases like, “But there is white and blue -The red flag was used as a symbol of the Russian people, Russia and the White Army." Like, yes, they banned it, but they used it, but not as Vlasovites, but as the Russian people. But even if the tricolor really was not the official flag of the ROA, its widespread use by other units of traitors who fought with Hitler against their people still makes it the flag of traitors, traitors, and scum.
Spiritual bonds and values of carriers of the state flag of the Russian Federation.
Polivanov O.I.
10/14/2014
24.10.2014 The State Duma, in the third reading, adopted a law prohibiting propaganda and public display of symbols of organizations that collaborated with the fascists, including the state flag of the Kremlin junta - the tricolor, like the flag of the Vlasovites, and other traitors who fought against the Soviet people. Also outlawed were the attributes of organizations that denied the verdict of the Nuremberg Tribunal. In particular, the symbols of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army were banned. But, obviously, the tricolor that fits the definition of the law will not be prohibited, which will be another blatant example of double standards of bourgeois justice. :
http://www.roa.ru/musik.html
http://lenta.ru/news/2014/10/24/nazism/
Wehrmacht generals wore the St. George's ribbon
Differences between the Guards Ribbon and the St. George Ribbon: the modern ribbon for the Order of St. George (1992) is an alternation of three black and two orange stripes. But the Guards Ribbon is three black stripes superimposed on an orange background. Since 1769, the pre-revolutionary Guards ribbon was in the colors of the state emblem - black and yellow. Only four years before the revolution, a change was made to the statute of the order: orange and black officially became the colors of St. George. But even here there is a difference from the Guards ribbon - the side orange gaps along the edge of the ribbon are narrow, while those of the Soviet guardsmen are wide.
Putlevizor lies that the people called the Guards Ribbon “St. George’s” to spite the officialdom, and the wearing of pre-revolutionary awards was prohibited. Before the revolution, people called the St. George Cross “Egory”. Why would all of a sudden, during the Great Patriotic War, Komsomol atheists suddenly “remember” about some kind of George? And in the USSR, the wearing of old regime awards was never prohibited by anyone; soldiers and marshals wore them without any hesitation. Moreover, the official press published photos of heroes, where St. George's crosses next to it was the Order of Lenin or the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
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