Blood on Anti HCV. What is a positive analysis on anti HCV. Possible readings for research

In almost every address to the hospital, and even more so before inpatient treatment or operational intervention, we are offered to pass HCV analysis. What it is for a person far from medicine is not entirely clear. However, it is definitely not necessary to refuse such a proposal.

Anti-HCC Analysis

The main purpose of the virus is the liver. In the blood vessels, the gene gets to the destination. In the liver, the virus begins its action, penetrating inside the liver cells and forcing them to work on themselves. As a result of a long lack of diagnosis and treatment of the liver cell, it is destroyed that when it leads to sad consequences.

The term "anti-HCV" is used in the implementation of an enzyme immunoassay and helps determine the presence of pathogenic cells and antibodies in the blood generated to combat hepatitis with.

The first in response to the occurrence of the virus begin to produce antibodies of the class M. The greatest concentrations they reach in the first days after infection;
Further, IgG come into effect and begin to actively fight the virus to the full suppression of it;
The reaction of class antibodies is also indicative, since their number increases when the body's mucous membranes occur.

The essence of the analysis is as follows:

From the patient's patient, serum is isolated;
In a pre-prepared sterile tablet with recesses, purified pathogen cells are made;
A blood serum is added to cells and is observed.

In the event that the reaction of the addition of antibodies from the blood under study is observed to the cells of hepatitis C, they are painted thanks to a special substance and make it possible to draw conclusions.

The result of such an analysis can unambiguously tell you or not in your blood antibody of a certain type. It will reveal the number of these antibodies to understand the stage of the disease.

Independent definition of HCV

First of all, he himself will inform you about problems in the body. The main external signs of infection are:

Yellowness of the skin;
Lethargy;
Nausea and vomiting.

In addition, express tests are sold in pharmacies, which are discharged without a doctor's prescription:

There are tests in which saliva is used as biological material, which is applied to a special strip - indicator. However, the probability of error of such a test is extremely high. When it is used, it is necessary for half an hour nothing and not to drink, and do not use any hygiene tools for the oral cavity;
Tests based on blood intake are equipped with special needles and pipettes. Next, the assembled blood needs to drop on the cassette, if necessary, add a solvent and wait a while.

The result of such a study is usually determined by the number of strips on the indicator. If one strip appeared on the indicator after some time - the test is negative, if two are positive, if there are no strips - the test is incorrect.

How is it connected with hepatitis C?

Self the term HCV is deciphered as hepatitis C virus . Consequently, the HCV analysis do to identify blood infection with hepatitis with . A similar type of hepatitis is complicated and contains genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid. It is also attributed to the animal and to plant origin.

A feature of such pathogenic cells are their high tendency to mutate. Medicine defined 6 main virus genotypes, but in a particular organism or specific conditions the virus is able to mutate so much that there are about 45 different subspecies of each strain.

It is because of the ability to mutations often arise chronic hepatitis diseases. The body does not have time to block pathogenic cells while antibodies are struggling with one subspecies of the virus, it is already mutating and turns into another.

Due to the distribution of hepatitis C and the complexity of its treatment, the HCV analysis became very common among the population. It is done:

Before hospitalization in the hospital;
When planning or during pregnancy;
Medical workers and teachers annually undergo dispensarization and pass this analysis;
Regular medical examination assumes the delivery of such an analysis;
Everyone can apply to the hospital to give an analysis. This should be done if you often change sexual partners, suffer from addiction and simply to prevent prevention, as infection can occur even in a cosmetology room.

Thus, the HCV analysis is very common in our time and avoids the epidemic of this virus.

Hepatia C virus is not a sentence

Hepatitis C virus is the most dangerous among hepatitis viruses, although not the most common. Increasingly, doctors cannot determine the source of infection. This suggests that not only unprotected sexual contacts are dangerous or interaction with the blood of an infected person, but also other contacts, for example, through saliva or sweat.

Despite the difficulty of combating the virus, the cure is possible. The attending physician is a specialist - hepatologist. The main task of physicians becomes preventing the development of irreversible liver pathologies.

With the rapid detection of the disease, a complex diagram of drug treatment is prescribed. The patient should strictly comply with the recommendations of the doctor and establish a diet, eliminating salted products and alcohol.

Treatment will be long and difficult due to the use of drugs with many side effects. However, in the case of cure and regular negative analysis of HCV for five years, the virus can be considered defeated.

HCV positively: what is it?

Positive result Anti-HCV is not final and requires an additional more expanded blood test.

If Igm is detected, you can judge the recent infections and active development of pathogenic cells;
With an increase in IgG, chronic hepatitis C.

This analysis is preliminary and does not reflect the full picture. It indicates the presence of either the absence of antibodies, but does not give the idea of \u200b\u200bthe presence of the virus itself.

With a positive result, anti-HCV it is necessary to conduct a repeated deeper blood test. In this case, groups of antibodies and ribonucleic virus acid are investigated.

In the case of a positive result of extended analysis, it is necessary immediately start treating.

As a rule, to determine the severity of the disease make biopsy liver, determine the strain of the virus and offer cure options: from medication to liver transplantation, depending on the severity of the lesion.

Thus, one way to determine the presence of a hepatitis C virus is an HCV analysis. What is the fastest, easy and most accurate method for determining the presence of pathology you now know, and warned - it means armed.

Video: erroneous results of analyzes and consequences

In this video, the doctor Roman Olegov will tell, as an analysis on antibodies (HCV) may be erroneous and what it can lead to:

Quite often, we have to donate biochemistry (from veins) with a planned medical examination, before the operation or during pregnancy to identify any diseases and deviations of the body. As a rule, the most basic components of the study are HIV or hepatitis antibodies, with which you can establish the fact of infection. Hepatitis C antibodies are called in medicine "Anti-HCV", that is, "against hepatitis C" and are divided into two groups: "G" and "M", which are designated as "IgG" and "Igm", where "IGG" and "IGM" ... "- Immunoglobulin. Anti-HCV Total - markers to which test is carried out, detecting diseases of hepatitis C. Anti-HCV can be detected after 5 weeks of the incubation period with an acute type of disease or chronic. Anti-HCV Total is most often determined from those who have suffered a disease "on the legs". In this case, the antibodies can be detected for 5-9 years after infection. The positive result of the analysis of Anti-HCV does not give 100% of the bases for diagnosis, since in the infectious disease - - flowing in chronic form, the total virus antibodies with a reduced content of titers are detected.

It is worth noting that the presence of antibodies in the body does not prevent the HCV infection re-infection, and does not give any immunity.

Analysis on the detection of hepatitis C is carried out in the laboratory, an empty stomach (minimum 8 hours before meals) and is investigated within 1-2 business days.

The most frequent reasons for the purpose of such an analysis are:

cholestasis;
pregnancy;
donation;
drug addiction (intravenous administration of drugs);
prerequisites of infection hepatitis;
upcoming operation;
detection of STIs;
a sharp increase in Alt and AST indicators.

There are antibodies that belong to certain hepatitis C - anti-HCV spectrum and determine the degree of viral load, the type of infection and the area of \u200b\u200bthe lesion. Anti-HCV are made of nonstructive, for example, NS5, and structural (Core) proteins (proteins).

Antibodies of the class "G" - "IgG" refer to nuclear proteins and are detected after 10-12 weeks after infection. The highest indicator is celebrated six months since the occurrence of the disease. In the chronic form of the virus flow, such bodies are determined throughout life. If a person suffered this disease "on the legs", then the titer "G" will decline.

Anti-HCV - class "M" - "Igm" grow very quickly, so they are diagnosed in human blood after 5 weeks after infection. When the peak process is reached, the disease - "acute form" - the value of "IgM" decreases, but may also suddenly rise during re-illness. If the "M" group antibodies are detected in the body for a long period of time, this is the basis that the disease has passed into a chronic form, which in turn can lead to

It is worth noting that the presence of anti-HCV IgM in the healthy body indicates the infection of the patient, and in the chronic flow of the disease - the exacerbation.

If you have found similar bodies in the body, then you must pass - HCV RNA with PCR (direct destruction of the pathogen). If the result will be "+", then genotyping should be used - to identify the genotype of infection. The term depends on this study, the method of treatment and its value. If still the result is "-", then this is either a mistake, or you entered the list of exceptions in which 15% of the healed itself consist. But, rejoice early, you still need to visit the doctor and control the state of health, at least once a year.

It is important to understand that hepatitis is not a sentence, thanks to modern medicine, it is successfully treated, the main thing is to detect the virus in time.

Currently, there is a huge number of blood diagnostics. There are those who are familiar to us, for example, a biochemical blood test or common, and there are less familiar - HCV or HBS.

Hepatitis C RNA kills liver cells, which can lead to cirrhosis. Such a virus can be frozen in monocytes and in lymphocytes against the background of high mutation activity.

Blood research method on HCV (Anti-HCV or Anti-HCV) is based on the status of identifies the IGG and IGM antibodies in the blood plasma. When hepatitis with immunity begins to produce protective antibodies, that is, immunoglobulins.

The method of blood testing on HBS determines the presence in the blood infection of the kind of hepatitis B, which is caused by the DNA of the virus (HBsag). Most often, this type of hepatitis proceeds asymptomatic. Indications for the HBS study are:

the secondary appearance of hepatitis;
control over the behavior of the virus;
the identification of protective antibodies to the disease "Hepatitis B" - most often it does before vaccination to determine its feasibility.

There are no specific rules at HCV or HBS. But doctors recommend donating on an empty stomach, and if you already know that you are infected with hepatitis, then to obtain a more accurate picture of the disease, to carry out this study after 5-6 weeks from the moment of the disease.

Decoding analyzes

You can hand over the NSV blood test in any laboratory of a private clinic or polyclinic. The cost of such a study varies from 500 to 800 rubles. When decoding the results of the analysis, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the indicators of the norm, but also on the type and form of an existing disease:

acute form:

Alt -\u003e norms of 7 times;
Igm Anti HAV "-" or HBSAG "-", anti-HCV "+" with PCR or anti-HCV "+" in accordance with the signal criterion of lethal outcome -\u003e 3.8.

chronic shape:

anti-HCV "+" with PCR or anti-HCV "+" in accordance with the signal criterion of lethal outcome -\u003e 3.8;
Alt -\u003e 1;
Alt -\u003e 300 units / l (without jaundice).

Whey Transaminases:

Alt -< 800 Ед.;
transaminase -\u003e 10 times higher than the norm.

Under what conditions the virus is not detected or detected:

"Not detected" - no virus RNA or its value below 200 copies / ml, that is, 40 me / ml;
"Detected" -< 7,5х102 копий/мл — то есть ниже линейного диапазона концентрации;
"Detected" -< 2х106 копий/мл — при низкой виремии — это самый благоприятный прогноз при инфицировании;
"Detected" -\u003e 2x106 copies / ml - with high viremia;
"Detected" -\u003e 1.0x108 copies / ml - when the concentration of the linear range is exceeded.

Or the name of the analyzer: "Anti HCV Abbott Architect" - "- no virus," Anti HCV Abbott Architect "+" or "Anti HCV IgG M" - the presence of a virus.

Also, do not forget that HCV analysis can give a false positive result (the frequency of such cases is 10%). Always when the virus antibodies are detected, confirmation of the presence of infection in the blood through PCR is required. The result can be influenced: the hormonal background of the patient, the incorrect study of the study or blood fence occurred without complying with certain norms.

According to medical statistics in the world, hepatitis is sick with only 4%. This figure cannot be considered objective, since this disease can undergo asymptomatic and tolerated "on the legs". In order not to be, it is necessary to periodically carry out an integrated examination, since any independent test will not give a complete evaluation of the disease.

Analysis on RNA-HCV

HCV (viral hepatitis C) - RNA infection from the group

"Flaviviridae", generating liver. Checking the presence of the virus is carried out by polymerase chain response in reality (RT-PCR), determining the presence in the organism of genetic material (RNA) of hepatitis C and its viral load on the body. The linear concentration criterion, in which the amount of pathogens is calculated, should be 7.5x102 - 1.0x108 copies / ml.

The quantitative method of analyzing RNA-HCV identifies an infection in 1 ml of blood to which includes:

chain reaction (PCR and RT-PCR) in reality;
branched DNA - that is, R-DNA;
TMA - transcriptional amplification.

If an infection concentration is less than 8x105 me / ml, then the treatment prediction is favorable, in which you can completely get rid of the ailment, and in the minimum possibilities - to put in a state of remission.

Alt, AST - blood test

Biochemical blood test makes it possible to identify the presence of serious diseases and infections in the human body. AST is an enzyme providing catalysis of the procedure for the transformation of oxaloacetate in aspartame. In addition to AST in biochemical analyzes, there are indicators of Lie Alt - Alaninotransferase, which is a protein-catalyst in the exchange of amino acids (cell-based enzyme).

With timely provided medical care and conducting therapeutic procedures, AST comes to normal during the period of the month after the rehabilitation course of treatment. In order for the indicators of ALT and AST to be normal, it is necessary to eliminate the long-term use of any drugs that destroy the hepatic fabrics or violate the general functionality of a vital organ. If this is not allowed for observance due to, for example, chronic hepatitis, then the AST and ALT analysis should be carried out often and periodically for the timely detection of deviations caused by drug intoxication, or the appearance of a chronic form of illness.

It is also necessary to remember that during the increase in enzyme indicators, the liver is weakened and should not be subjected to any risk. Therefore, WHO recommends a plant basis drugs such as: "Carsil", "Esssential N", "Tykweol", which positively affect the liver and take part of its functions: participation in metabolism and disinfection - the destruction of toxins.

But in no case cannot be engaged in self-medication. If you have found some signs of hepatitis, or we saw the results of the tests of the word "discovered", immediately consult a doctor for a comprehensive examination and a resolution of an accurate diagnosis. The sooner you do it, the better it will be for you. It is impossible to joke with my health!

In response to the person's fall into the body of foreign particles, such as viruses, the immune system produces immunoglobulins - protective antibodies. These antibodies are detected by a special analysis by the IFA method, a screening study used to establish the fact of human infection with the hepatitis C virus for hepatitis with all antibodies contain anti-HCV abbreviation, which means "against the hepatitis C virus".

Hepatitis antibodies with two classes - G and M, which in the analyzes are written as IgG and IgM (IG -Immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin) is the Latin name of the antibodies). Anti-HCV Total (Anti-HCV, Anti-HCV) - total antibodies (IgG and IgM classes) to Hepatitis C virus antigens. The test for the definition of these markers is carried out to all patients when they want to check if they have hepatitis S. Anti- HCV is present as in acute (they can be found from 4 to 6 weeks after infection) and in chronic hepatitis. Anti-HCV Total is also found in those who have surpassed hepatitis C and recovered on their own. In such people, this marker can be detected within 4 - 8 years or more after recovery.

Therefore, a positive analysis on Anti-HCV is not sufficient to determine the diagnosis. Against the background of a chronic infection, total antibodies are constantly detected, and after successful treatment, a long time is saved (first of all due to anti-HCV Core IgG, they are written below), while their titles are gradually decreasing.

Anti-NSV spectrum (Core, NS3, NS4, NS5) is specific antibodies to separate structural and non-structural proteins of hepatitis C virus. They are determined to judge the viral load, infection activity, the risk of chronic, deletion of acute and chronic hepatitis, liver damage . The detection of antibodies to each of the antigens has an independent diagnostic value. Anti-HCV consist of their structural (Core) and non-structural (NS3, NS4, NS5) proteins (proteins).

Anti-HCV Core IgG class G to nuclear (Core) HCV proteins. Anti-HCV IgG appears from 11-12 weeks after infection, therefore, anti-HCV Total, which appear before the diagnosis of possible "fresh" infections that appear earlier are used. Anti-HCV IgG reaches a concentration peak by 5 to 6 months from the date of infection and the chronic course of the disease is detected in the blood for life. When hepatitis was transferred with a titer of an IGG class antibodies, gradually decreases and can achieve indefinable values \u200b\u200ba few years after recovery.

Nonstructural (NS3, NS4, NS5) proteins.

NS3, NS4, NS5 belong to non-structural (NS - nonstructural) proteins. In fact, these proteins are greater than - NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, NS5B, however, in most clinical diagnostic laboratories, antibodies to NS3, NS4 and NS5 proteins are determined.

Anti-NS3 is detected at the earliest steps of seroconversion. High Anti-NS3 titers are characteristic of acute hepatitis C and may be an independent diagnostic marker of the acute process. In the acute process, the high concentration of Anti-NS3 typically indicates a significant viral load, and the long-term preservation of them in the acute phase is associated with the high risk of the chronicization of the infectious process.

Anti -NS4 and ANTI-NS5, as a rule, appear in a later date. When HBHs, the definition of anti-NS4 in high credits may indicate the duration of the infectious process and, according to some data, is related to the degree of liver damage. The identification of anti-NS5 in high titers often indicates the presence of viral RNA, and in the acute stage is a predictor of the chronicization of the infectious process. The decrease in the NS4 and NS5 titers in the dynamics may be a favorable attribute pointing to the formation of clinical and biochemical remission. Anti-NS5 titers can reflect the efficiency of PVT, and their elevated values \u200b\u200bare characteristic of persons who do not respond to therapy. After recovery, Anti-NS4 and Anti-NS5 titers are reduced over time. The results of one of the studies have shown that almost half of the patients 10 years after successful treatment with interferons, Anti-NS4 and Anti-NS5 were not determined. The following table shows the most likely embodiments of the interpretation of the combination of hepatitis S. markers

Viral hepatitis C represents a serious medical and social problem. About 180 million people in the world today suffer from this disease, 350 thousand dies annually. A long-term hidden (asymptomatic) course of the disease leads to late diagnosis. Analysis for hepatitis C is carried out in order to diagnose the disease, differential diagnosis, with its help, the previously suffered disease "on the legs" is determined.

The study is used in persons with symptoms of hepatitis with, elevated level of liver enzymes, in obtaining information about the previously transferred disease of unspecified etiology, in persons from risk groups and screening research.

Diagnosis of hepatitis C is carried out in 2 stages:

Stage 1. Determination of antibodies to the virus in the blood serum (anti HCV).

Stage 2. If there is an anti HCV, a test for the presence of RNA (ribonucleic acid) by PCR by Hepatitis S. Test allows you to identify the phase of the process - "active / inactive", to resolve the need for treatment. It is known that about 30% of infected individuals, independently get rid of infection, as they have a strong immune system and do not need treatment. Using PCR, the genotype of the virus is determined. Different genotypes react differently to treatment.

The degree of liver damage is determined by biopsy or other invasive and non-invasive tests (for example, fibrotest). The liver steatosis is determined using steatotesta. In all cases, the diagnosis of hepatitis C should be based on the data of the epidemiological investigation, the clinic of the disease and data of biochemical blood test.

Fig. 1. Heavy consequences of viral liver damage - intense ascites.

Hepatitis C: Anti HSV

Antibodies for viruses (anti HCV) are specific infection markers. In the body of a sick person to virus proteins (antigens), specific antibodies - immunoglobulins of the IGM and IgG class (anti HCV IgM / IgG) are produced.

Upon receipt of a positive result, a confirmation test is performed on antibodies - determination of total antibodies to structural and non-structural proteins of the virus. An ANTI HCV IGM, nucleicaxide protein C - COR (ANTI HCV IgG), to 7-NS NS IGG (Anti HCV NS IgG) is produced to the structural shell proteins of the E1 and E2 virus.

To detect antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, an immunoassay analysis (ELISA) is used. To confirm (+), IFA results use confirmation tests - RIBA (recombinant immunoblotting), less often Inno-Lia (synthetic peptide analysis).

Analysis on anti HCV IGM

IgM antibodies appear in serum after 4 - 6 weeks after infection and quickly reach the maximum. At the end of the acute process (after 5 - 6 months), their concentration falls.
Long-term registration of anti HCV IGM says that hepatitis C has acquired a chronic course.
Increased IGM levels during the chronic flow period speaks of reactivation.
IgM immunoglobulin levels allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.

Analysis on anti HCV IgG

IgG antibodies appear in the serum of the patient after 11 - 12 weeks after infection. On 5-6 months, the peak of concentration is recorded. Next, antibodies are preserved at a constant level during the entire period of the disease in the acute period and the period of recovery.

Analysis on total antibodies to hepatitis virus with

Total antibodies for the virus (Anti HCV Total) are used to diagnose "fresh" cases of the disease. The total antibodies are antibodies of the nucleicaxide protein C - COR (ANTI HCV IgG) and 7-and non-structural NS enzyme proteins (Anti HCV NS IgG) - Anti HCV NS3, Anti HCV NS4 and Anti HCV NS5.

The total antibodies to the hepatitis C virus appear in the serum of the blood infected after 11- 12 weeks from the beginning of infection, reach the peak by 5 to 6 months and are preserved at a constant level during the entire period of the disease in the acute period and within 5 - 9 years after the period of recovery period .

Each of the types of antibodies has an independent diagnostic value:

Anti HCV C (COR) are the main indicators of contact with hepatitis C viruses.
Anti HCV NS3 is detected by one of the first in the process of seroconversion (developing antibodies in response to the presence of the virus), indicate the sharpness of the infectious process and indicate a high viral load. With their help, hepatitis C is determined in patients who do not suspect the presence of infection. Long-term finding anti HCV NS3 in serum speaks of high risk of process chronic.
Anti HCV NS4 suggest that hepatitis C has a long flow. In terms of the level of antibody titers, one can judge the degree of liver damage.
Anti HCV NS5 indicate the presence of viral RNA. Their detection in the sharp period is the harbingers of the chronicization of the process. High antibody titers against the background of treatment suggest that the patient does not respond to treatment.
Anti HCV NS4 and Anti HCV This type of antibodies appear in the late period of hepatitis. Their decrease indicates the formation of the remission of the infectious process. After cure, the titer of antibodies NS4 and NS5 decreases for 8 to 10 years. From re-infection, this type of antibodies does not protect.

Fig. 2. Macrobreparation. Cirrhosis of the liver - Grozny complication of viral hepatitis C.

Decoding Analysis on Hepatitis C - Anti HSV

The absence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus is indicated by the term "norm". However, this does not always indicate the absence of a disease in humans. So the absence of antibodies in the blood in an infected person is registered until the moment of their appearance in the blood is up to 6 months from the moment of infection (on average after 12 weeks). The period of absence of antibodies in the blood infected is called the "serological window". High specificity (up to 99.7%) possess the 3rd generation test systems (ELISA-3). About 0.3% have to receive false positive results.

The presence of anti HCV indicate the current infection or transferred in the past infection.

The detection of IgM antibodies and antibodies Core IgG, the increase in the CORE antibodies Core IgG and (+) the result of PCR in the presence of clinical and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis indicates the acute period of the disease.
IgM antibody detection, anti-HCV Core IgG, anti HCV NS IgG and (+) PCR result in the presence of clinical and laboratory signs of the disease indicates the reactivation of chronic hepatitis C.
The detection of anti HCV Core IgG and anti HCV NS IgG in the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of the disease and the negative result of PCR indicates the presence of a patient chronic hepatitis in the latent phase.

Fig. 3. Macropreach liver. Primary liver cancer - Grozny complication of hepatitis C.

PCR for hepatitis with

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a "gold standard" diagnosis of viral hepatitis C. High sensitivity of the test allows you to identify genetic material of viruses (RNA) even if they are in the material under study. PCR is capable of identifying RNA viruses long before the appearance of serum antibodies, but not earlier than from the 5th day from the moment of infection. In case of disease, with the help of PCR, RNA viruses are found not only in serum, but also in liver biopsy.

The polymerase chain reaction allows you to determine the presence or absence of hepatitis C viruses and solve the question of the start of treatment. It is known that up to 30% of patients are independently eliminated from infection, as they have a strong immune system and do not need treatment.
Using PCR, the genotype of the virus is determined. Different genotypes react differently to treatment.
PCR is applied to control the effectiveness of treatment.
PCR is used in the absence of antibodies in the blood, but in the presence of significant suspicion of the disease (an increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase, a total bilirubin, excess of 2 times the hepatic enzymes of AST and ALT).
PCR analysis for hepatitis C is used to control the intrauterine transmission of hepatitis viruses.

Viral load with hepatitis with

With the help of PCR analysis, it is possible to determine not only the presence of RNA viruses in the blood - a qualitative analysis (detected / not detected), but also their number is a viral load (the number of viural RNA units in 1 ml of blood). The quantitative indicator of PCR is used to control the effectiveness of treatment.

Methods used for PCR have different sensitivity. In the Russian Federation, according to the 2014 methodological guidelines, it is recommended that techniques with a sensitivity of 25 me / ml and less. According to the recommendations of the European Liver Study Association 2015, it is proposed to use techniques for determining viral RNA with sensitivity of 15 me / ml and less.

Depending on the sensitivity of the test system, a patient receives one or another result of the study:

The minimum sensitivity of the COBAS AMPLICOR analyzer is 600 me / ml (old generation analyzer).
The minimum sensitivity of the COBAS AMPLICOR analyzer HCV-TEST is 50 me / ml, which is 100 copies of 1 ml.
The minimum sensitivity of the analyzer RNA RealBest is 15 me / ml, which is 38 copies of 1 ml (included in the group of modern test systems). The specificity of these analyzers is 100%. With their help, RNA of hepatitis viruses from subtypes 1a and 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c and 2i, 3, 4, 5a and 6 are detected.

If there are copies of RNA below the sensitivity threshold of this analyzer, the patient receives the answer "not detected".

Fig. 4. An example of PCR analysis (quantitative test). Determination of viral load.

Interpretation of the results of PCR analysis for hepatitis with

The lack of a virus RNA indicates no infection.
The absence of RNA in the analysis against the background of the presence of antibodies in the blood indicates the disappearance of the disease under the influence of treatment or in self-esteem.
In some cases, the virus is present in the blood, but in the subgrown levels, when its concentration is not captured by the analyzers. Such patients remain dangerous in terms of infection.
Detection of a virus RNA for 6 months in a row in patients with acute hepatitis C says that the disease has accepted a chronic course.
Reducing viral RNA in analyzes against the background of treatment indicates the effectiveness of the therapy and vice versa.

Fig. 5. Macrobreparation. Fat hepatosis is one of the consequences of the disease.

Basic biochemical blood tests when hepatitis with

Biochemical blood tests help to establish the functional state of many organs and human systems.

Blood test for hepatic enzymes Alt and Ast

Hepatic enzymes are synthesized intracellularly. They take part in the synthesis of amino acids. Their large amount is in the cells of the liver, heart, kidneys and skeletal muscles. Under the damage to the organs (violation of the integrity of cell membranes) enzymes enter the blood, where their level increases. Increased level of enzymes is registered with damage (lysis, destruction) of hepatic cells, myocardial infarction and other diseases. The higher the level of transaminase in serum, the more cells were destroyed. Alt prevail in liver cells, AST - in myocardial cells. In the destruction of liver cells, the Alt level rises 1.5 - 2 times. In the destruction of myocardium cells, the AST level rises at 8 - 10 times.

In the diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis, it is necessary to pay attention to the AST / Alt ratio (coefficient de ritis). Excess AST levels over Alt speaks of damage to hepatic cells.

The norm of AST for men is up to 41 units / l, women - up to 35 units / l, children over 12 years old - up to 45 units / l.
The alt for men is up to 45 units. / L, women - up to 34 units / l, children are 12 years old and older - up to 39 units / l.
Normally (in healthy people) AST / Alt coefficient is from 0.91 - 1.75.

Bed analysis on bilirubin

Bilirubin is a spree of hemoglobin. Bilirubin in the blood is contained in the form of an indirect (up to 96%) and direct (4%). The decay process of this substance occurs mainly in liver cells, from where with biliary is derived from the body. With the destruction of liver cells, the level of bilirubin in serum increases. Normally, the content of the total bilirubin is less than 3.4 - 21.0 μmol / l. At the level of 30 - 35 μmol / l and above, bilirubin penetrates the tissue, because of which the skin and the sclera acquire the yellow color.

Fig. 6. Jaundice is one of the signs of liver damage.

Modern medicine is arranged on the principles of hyperdiagnostics, this is due to the fact that very often the true cause of certain symptoms is not detected during the primary inspection or conducting laboratory tests. Viral agents affecting the liver cells are no exception, and hepatitis C, the treatment of which is expensive and does not always give a positive outcome, it is necessary to identify with a one hundred percent probability to prevent its further distribution.

HCV blood test, what is it?

This is an immunoassay study which allows you to detect antibodies and in the direction of the doctor is usually indicated as anti-HCV. When carrying out this study, it is possible to identify three immunoglobulin classes, which give an understanding about:

The presence of disease.
Development stage - refers to the incubation period, an acute course or chronic form, as well as the presence of the disease already transferred without hospitalization and treatment.

HCV analysis is based on identifying various immunoglobulin classes and allows you to identify antibodies to the causative agent of hepatitis S. Specialists allocate two classes of globular proteins that provide information about the stage of the disease - this is M and G.

The first testifies to the acute phase of the development of the disease and its titer increases throughout the first few months after infection. At this stage, the cure from infection with the help of a modern three-component scheme is observed in more than ninety-five percent of cases.

The second class speaks of a long peacurity of the virus in liver cells. The chronic form of hepatitis C is considered the most prognostically unfavorable, as it is worse than treating and rarely manage to fully eliminate viral particles from hepatocytes.

Hepatitis Virus Detection Ways

In addition to HCV analysis, it is possible to determine the presence of the so-called "affectionate killer" in the blood in several ways, among which:

- It is considered one of the most efficient and accurate diagnostic methods. It allows you to reveal the RNA of the virus in the human body and is carried out even with a positive result HCV analysis for final diagnosis .
Holding express test for the presence of hepatitis causative - the sensitivity of this method is about ninety-six percent, which allows for the shortest possible time to provide information on the presence of the pathogen in human biological environments.

We also exist research methods that are usually preceded by the direction of the patient on HCV analysis. It is these diagnostic tools that give information that encounters a specialist to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe presence of inflammation of liver cells of viral etiology:

Ultrasonic diagnosis and elastometry.
Clinical blood test.
Coagulogram.
Biochemical with hepatic samples.

Precision Anti-HCV Blood Analysis

Anti-HCV diagnostics is a modern and fairly accurate method.It allows you to determine the presence of hepatitis causative with from the fifth-sixth week after infection. The virus will not be found in the plasma provided its replication of less than two hundred copies in millilitr. If the calculation is carried out in international units, it is less than forty international units in millilitress. If there are more than a million virus particles in one millilitress of plasma, the presence of viremia is established.

The false positive result on the carrier of the hepatitis C virus is set to about each tenth. The reason for such statistics is the violation of blood intake techniques and analysis, a change in a hormonal background or non-compliance with the recommendations of the doctor for the preparation for the analysis. In accordance with the data of the VOZ, four percent of the population of the planet - reconvalues \u200b\u200bof hepatitis S.

Possible readings for HCV analysis

To pass the study for the presence of hepatitis C, it is not necessary for permits or directions from the attending physician, today there are plenty of laboratories and medical centers, where anyone can pass HCV blood test. Nevertheless, there is a list of states that are an indication for this study, they include:

The desire to become a donor.
The presence is a history of life replaced blood transfusion or its components.
The growth of the level of alosy and asat against the background of medical intervention.
Exception of hepatitis C with the presence of its secondary signs.
Finding out the effectiveness of treating hepatitis C.

Turning the HCV blood test required no earlier than 5-6 weeks after the primary alleged contamination, otherwise, even if there is infection in the body, immunoglobulins can be produced not in sufficient quantities and give a false negative result.
It is necessary to donate after a twelve-hour break in food - eating affects the rheological characteristics of the plasma.
The fence is carried out in the morning - this is due to the fact that most of the regulatory indicators were calculated in the morning hours, so that to reduce the likelihood of a false positive result, it is necessary to follow this rule.
It is necessary to exclude the reception of hormonal, antiviral and cytostatic drugs per day.
It should also be refracted from taking alcohol in the evening before visiting the laboratory.

Methodology for HCV Blood Analysis and Result Evaluation

To carry out the analysis, it is necessary to carry out the fence of biological material, in this case it is blood. After the fence of twenty milliliters of blood from the peripheral vein, its centrifugation is produced in order to obtain its liquid component - plasma, which will be exposed to the study. In order to prevent the development of false positive results, it is recommended to hold blood intake in the morning before eating. The results obtained with HCV analysis should be interpreted as follows:

Negative- This indicates the absence of antibodies to hepatitis C in the patient's body, as a result, a person is healthy.
PositiveIt means that antibodies for viral particles of hepatitis C are found in the patient's blood, which may indicate the presence of a disease in acute or chronic form. However, even when receiving a positive result, it is necessary to conduct.
1. The presence of IgG testifies to the chronic form of pathology.
2. The number of IGM identified speaks about the degree of acuteness of the process - than its more, the earlier the disease is considered.

PCR Diagnostics of hepatitis with

The polymerase chain reaction is considered the most accurate and modern method for identifying RNA and DNA of chains of any character. Viral hepatitis C contains ribonucleic acid, and the frequent presence of false positive results when conducting anti-HCV blood test makes it an ideal candidate for this study.

Allocate the conduct of a qualitative and quantitative type of diagnosis, of which the most indicative is the second. The negative side of this diagnostic tool is its high cost, as well as the duration of the study, and therefore the HCV blood test is most affordable, and with its proper execution, the number of errors is minimal.