Cough and red rash in a child. What factors cause rash and cough to appear at the same time? Features of the course and treatment of allergic bronchitis

Infectious diseases in children often develop differently than in adults. Respiratory pathology also becomes a cause for concern. Parents who notice a cough and rash in their child will think about the origin of the symptoms and, most likely, will not wait for new ones to appear. Only by consulting a doctor can you be sure of a high-quality diagnosis of the condition that has arisen.

Any symptom has a connection with its source. But different diseases have similar symptoms, so we have to consider the likelihood of several causes. A rash on a child’s body in combination with a cough and fever may appear due to the following diseases:

Measles.
Rubella.
Scarlet fever.

But in addition to childhood infections, allergic reactions to any substances (food, pollen, animal dander, medications) cannot be ruled out. But a cough with a rash without fever can have completely different origins, being signs of two unrelated conditions. In any case, a thorough differential diagnosis will help to establish the cause.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of the disease consists of individual symptoms that are identified by the doctor during a survey and physical examination. First, he finds out from the parents and the child himself what is bothering him, how the disease began and how it manifested itself. Subjective information is then supplemented by the results of inspection, palpation (feeling), percussion (tapping) and auscultation (listening). This creates an idea of the pathology, allowing a preliminary diagnosis to be made.

Measles

Measles is a highly contagious infection that is caused by a virus. The pathogen is very easily transmitted from a patient by airborne droplets in children's groups and crowded places. After the incubation (hidden) period, the temperature gradually rises (up to 39 degrees), and intoxication symptoms increase (weakness, malaise, loss of appetite). At the same time, inflammatory changes appear in the upper parts of the respiratory tract:

Runny nose with serous discharge.
Sore throat.
Dry cough.
Hoarseness of voice.

Catarrhal phenomena also affect the conjunctiva - the mucous membrane turns red, the sclera is injected, the eyelids swell, the eyes water. The posterior wall of the pharynx is hyperemic and granular. On day 2, red spots (enanthema) become visible on the mucous membrane of the soft palate, and small whitish dots (Belsky-Filatov symptom) appear on the inside of the cheeks. The face becomes swollen, lips dry and cracked.

From the 4th day of illness, rashes appear on the body (exanthema). They are characterized by several distinctive features:

They are represented by bright pink spots and irregularly shaped papules.
Located on an unchanged skin background.
Appear in stages (face, torso, limbs).
Disappears with pigmentation.

Catarrhal and intoxication syndrome with the appearance of enanthema reaches its maximum severity, but during the period of pigmentation the child’s condition becomes satisfactory. Measles can also occur atypically, with abortive, erased, asymptomatic and mitigated forms. The latter occurs in children who received immunoglobulins during the incubation period. But we cannot exclude the risk of severe infection, which gives complications in the form of laryngotracheitis, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, otitis, keratitis, etc.

A maculopapular rash and cough in a child is a reason to think about measles. The likelihood of such an infection increases significantly when in contact with a sick person.

Rubella

The clinical picture of rubella will also include a combination of three syndromes: exanthema, catarrhal and intoxication. The disease begins with a prodromal period, which is characterized, like a common cold, by low-grade body temperature, weakness, fatigue, as well as signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract:

Rhinitis.
Sore throat and sore throat.
Dry cough.

A characteristic sign of rubella will be enlargement and tenderness of regional lymph nodes (posterior cervical and occipital). Then, against this background, a small-spotted red rash appears in the child. It occurs simultaneously throughout the body, located mainly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, buttocks, and back.

Acquired rubella, as a rule, proceeds smoothly, without giving rise to complications. In young children with specific immunity from the mother, the disease does not develop. But if a woman has suffered an infection during pregnancy, then the newborn has congenital rubella with damage to various organs (pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis) and multiple malformations.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is one of the types of streptococcal infection. It begins acutely - with a rise in body temperature, intoxication and sore throat. The baby complains of a sore throat when swallowing, and sometimes coughing occurs (a phenomenon of concomitant pharyngitis). On examination, the pharyngeal mucosa is red, the tonsils are enlarged and loose. The tongue is initially covered with a white coating, but then clears of it, taking on a “crimson” appearance (with enlarged papillae).

Against the background of intoxication and catarrhal symptoms, a typical scarlet fever exanthema appears: abundant, red, pinpointed, located on a hyperemic background of the skin, mainly along the flexor surfaces of the limbs, on the neck, chest, abdomen and lower back, concentrating in places of natural folds. The appearance of the child is quite characteristic, since the rash on the face thickens in the cheek area, and the area of the nasolabial triangle remains free (Filatov's symptom). During the recovery period, skin changes undergo reverse development with the appearance of lamellar peeling, especially pronounced on the palms and soles.

Scarlet fever is not as harmless a disease as it seems. It can be quite difficult and give a number of complications: toxic, septic and allergic. Therefore, it is extremely important to suspect an infection in time and begin antibacterial therapy.

Rashes with scarlet fever have a number of characteristic signs, which, together with other symptoms, will suggest an infection.

Allergic reactions

In addition to infectious diseases, allergic reactions should not be overlooked. Their prevalence is increasing every year, especially in childhood. Almost any substance in contact with a sensitized organism can give such a reaction. Clinically, the following signs may appear:

Hives and itchy skin.
Paroxysmal sneezing.
Nasal congestion and snot.
Watery eyes and redness of the eyes.
Cough and hoarseness.
Bronchospasm and suffocation.

Each child reacts to an allergen in its own way: from minor manifestations to strong and dangerous ones. At an early age, only signs of diathesis appear in the form of redness and peeling on the cheeks, but later they can develop into atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and bronchial asthma.

Additional diagnostics

What disease became the source of the cough and rash on the body can only be reliably determined based on the results of an additional examination. And although some conditions are recognized even clinically, laboratory procedures will help confirm the diagnosis:

General blood and urine analysis.
Nasopharyngeal swab (microscopy, bacterial culture, PCR).
Serological tests (determination of antibodies and antigens in serum).

To exclude some complications, chest X-ray, ECG, and ultrasound of the kidneys are necessary. The child consults an infectious disease specialist and an allergist. And only after all the diagnostic measures it will become clear what he is sick with. Based on the results obtained, treatment is prescribed.

Cough and runny nose: causes

The causes of nighttime coughing attacks in a baby can be very different. Much depends on how the birth process went and whether there were any complications during it. You also need to pay attention to the individual characteristics of the body, for example, the body may react by coughing to some irritant that causes an allergic reaction.

Exposure to irritants that cause allergic reactions.

Development of infection in the respiratory organs and nasopharynx.

Drainage of mucus from the nose into the throat.

Ingestion of foreign particles into the respiratory system.

Weakening of the immune system after a cold.

Plant pollen.

Some products.

Dust.

Every parent is familiar with the situation when a baby suddenly develops a rash on the body and at the same time the temperature suddenly rises. Such symptoms occur in many diseases and conditions, some of which are considered quite dangerous for the child’s body.

Let's try to figure out what specific pathological conditions are characteristic of a particular disease, and how parents should behave when a child suddenly develops a rash and fever.

The causes can be divided into two large groups - infectious and non-infectious.

Non-infectious

Fever, cough, runny nose, rash: how to distinguish it from a cold?

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Rubella and varicella (chickenpox) are considered childhood infections. Indeed, in preschool and primary school age, these diseases are tolerated quite easily, but it is undesirable for adults to become infected with them.

What symptoms should you pay attention to? What does the rash look like with chickenpox and rubella? What might treatment and care consist of? Are they vaccinated against rubella and chickenpox? Here are the most important things parents need to know about these viral infections.

Dry cough and rash as signs of an allergic reaction

Nausea.

Apathy.

Unpleasant sensations in the throat and chest area.

First the appearance of a runny nose, then bronchospasms.

During sharp spastic exhalations, mucus comes out not from the airways, but from the nasopharynx.

Possible occurrence of tearing, pain in the eyes.

Feeling of nausea, unpleasant manifestations in the chest.

Symptoms (cough, runny nose) in this case will be short-lived. With their help, the body is cleansed of foreign particles. After restoration of the normal state of the mucous membranes, nasal congestion, bronchospasms, and runny nose disappear. This reaction of the immune system does not indicate the beginning of a pathological process, but the activation of the body’s protective functions.

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Many infectious diseases, which usually occur in childhood, but sometimes occur in adults, are accompanied by the simultaneous presence of symptoms such as cough and rash.

Only a doctor can determine an accurate diagnosis of the disease. The fact is that different diseases have similar symptoms, and treatment, prevention of possible complications, and also determination of which diseases a person will be protected from in the future depend on the correct diagnosis. After all these diseases, a stable, almost 100% immunity is developed.

A rash on a child’s body is a symptom of the infectious diseases measles, scarlet fever, rubella, and chickenpox.

When you have a cough and rash without fever, you can suspect an allergic reaction to various irritants, such as pollen, animal hair, food, dust in the air, medications.

All infectious diseases have an incubation (latent) period. At this time, the infection is spreading in the body, but there are no manifestations of the disease yet. Over time, the first symptoms of the disease begin to appear, often at this time there is no rash or cough yet.

Let's try to understand the symptoms of the infectious diseases described above and decide how not to make a mistake with the diagnosis.

Measles

One highly contagious disease is measles. It mainly affects children aged 2-5 years. Sometimes entire measles epidemics occur, especially if the population has not been vaccinated en masse. The causative agent of the disease is a virus characterized by weak resistance in the external environment. It tends to die quickly outside the human body. The virus is neutralized by boiling, treatment with disinfectants, and irradiation. However, this does not prevent the rapid spread of the disease. Measles is transmitted by airborne droplets quite easily. The virus enters the body through the mucous membrane of the respiratory system.

The incubation period for measles is eight to fourteen days. At this time, the virus multiplies in the lymph nodes, and the virus is also found in the tonsils and spleen. Obvious symptoms of the disease begin to appear when the multiplied virus enters the blood from the lymph nodes. During the incubation period, immunity sharply decreases and the body's resistance to bacterial infections decreases.

The disease begins acutely. The temperature rises to 38-40 C. A dry, unproductive cough begins abruptly, and a runny nose appears. The child sneezes frequently. The voice becomes hoarse. A specific condition such as photophobia appears.

In addition to catarrhal phenomena, there is:

general malaise;
weakness;
swelling of the eyelids and redness of the conjunctiva;
hyperemia (overflow of blood) of the pharynx;
the appearance of red spots on the soft and hard palate.

The next day of illness, a rash appears. On the cheeks (on the inner mucous side) you can observe small whitish spots surrounded by a narrow red border. The peak of the rash occurs 4-5 days after the onset of the disease. The first rashes are visible on the face, then on the neck, behind the ears, the next day - on the torso, on the third day - on the arms and legs in the folds. The rash is small in size, but individual rashes merge into large spots.

The rash begins to decrease from the fourth day of illness. The temperature drops to normal. The rash begins to darken, pigmentation appears, and peeling occurs. Pigmentation goes away in 7-10 days.

Treatment of measles must be taken with full responsibility. The disease is fraught with complications, such as:

laryngitis;
laryngeal stenosis;
trazeobronchitis;
otitis;
pneumonia;
measles encephalitis;
hepatitis and others.

Treatment of measles

There are no specific drugs to treat measles. Vaccination can prevent the disease or significantly reduce symptoms. After illness, strong immunity is developed.

Treatment of catarrhal symptoms is carried out depending on their manifestation. To combat cough, expectorants and mucolytics are used. For inflammation of the respiratory tract, anti-inflammatory drugs. To normalize temperature, fight fever, and eliminate pain, including headaches, use Ibuprofen or Paracetamol.

For itchy skin, use daily body rinsing and washing with a solution containing synthetic tannin.

To eliminate conjunctivitis, wash the eyes with a solution of baking soda and strong tea, as well as antibiotic drops. The oral cavity is rinsed with chamomile infusion and other anti-inflammatory infusions.

During illness, the use of vitamin A is recommended.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever also mainly affects children. The causative agent of the disease is group A hemolytic streptococcus.

The latent period of the disease is quite short (2-3 days), but can last up to 12 days. The disease begins quickly. There is a short period of time between the first symptoms and the appearance of the rash.

The disease is accompanied by both general intoxication of the body and the appearance of a rash and other severe symptoms.

Symptoms of body poisoning with toxins will be:

elevated temperature;
general weakness and malaise;
headache.

Scarlet fever is necessarily accompanied by tonsillitis - acute inflammation of the tonsils. Sore throat with scarlet fever is severe. Sore throat, sore throat, and cough accompany inflammation of the tonsils. The pharynx becomes bright red.

Scarlet fever is accompanied by a rash in the form of small dots. If you press on the rash, it becomes much clearer. When pressed harder, a golden-yellow tint to the skin is visible. The rash appears in the first days of the disease. The main places where the rash appears are the cheeks, groin, sides of the body, as well as the bends of the limbs and armpits. Indicative of scarlet fever is the presence of a pale triangle without a rash in the area of the nose and lips.

The rash begins to disappear after 3-7 days without traces of pigmentation.
At 2-4, the tongue acquires a bright crimson color and becomes distinctly grainy. There is also a bright blush on the cheeks.

At the final stage of the disease, active peeling of the skin occurs in the area of the palms and feet, then moves to the torso, neck, and ears.

A close relative of scarlet fever is tonsillitis, which can also cause a rash.

Treatment of scarlet fever

Treatment of scarlet fever requires a systematic and serious approach, since the disease can cause significant complications. When treating scarlet fever, antibiotics (penicillin and its derivatives) are used for a period of 7-10 days. Vitamins B and C are also prescribed. Additional treatment of individual symptoms is carried out. In case of severe intoxication, glucose and hemodez are prescribed intravenously. In case of illness, strict adherence to bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids are indicated.

Recurrent scarlet fever occurs very rarely (in 2-4% of cases) and is due to the fact that when antibiotics are used, the body may not have time to produce antibodies to scarlet fever toxins.

Rubella

Cough and rash are symptoms of rubella, another infectious disease. Rubella is a viral disease with a fairly long incubation period (15-24 days). In children it is quite mild, but it is very dangerous for pregnant women, especially at the beginning of pregnancy. After suffering from rubella, the fetus has developmental defects of the heart, eyes, and congenital deafness. Girls who have not had rubella should be vaccinated in adolescence.

The onset of the disease is accompanied by:

low-grade fever;
headache;
coughing or coughing;
pharyngitis;
rhinitis - symptoms of a common cold.

Specific symptoms include enlargement of the posterior cervical and occipital lymph nodes and signs of conjunctivitis. After two days, a spotty rash appears that does not cause itching. The face is the first to suffer, and within a few hours the rash covers the entire body. At first the rash resembles that of bark, and then that of scarlet fever. The rash is the size of a pinhead and is characterized by red and pink spots measuring 2-3 mm in size. Individual spots can merge and form larger spots. The predominance of the rash is observed on the face, lower back, buttocks, extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The rash begins to disappear after 2-4, sometimes 5-7 days. Pigmentation and peeling of the rash do not occur. Very often the disease has erased forms.

There is no treatment for the disease itself. Associated symptoms are treated.

Chicken pox

Another disease caused is varicella (chickenpox). Chickenpox can easily be called a childhood disease. The disease is highly contagious, but in children it passes easily, almost never causing complications. However, sometimes chickenpox also occurs in adults who were not ill in childhood, and it brings a lot of inconvenience and discomfort. The disease in adults is difficult and can cause serious complications.

Chickenpox is characterized by the following symptoms:

the appearance of weakness and lethargy;
increased body temperature;
headache;
the appearance of a specific rash in the form of small red spots.

The spots quickly fill with liquid and turn into itchy blisters. Sometimes with chickenpox a cough also appears. The appearance of a cough indicates a weakened immune system of the patient. In this case, we are talking about chickenpox pneumonia. In this case, the infection enters deep into the respiratory tract and affects the trachea and bronchi. Cough can occur in both mild and severe forms. The cough goes away with the attenuation of the general disease. You only get chickenpox once. After illness, immunity appears.

The course of chickenpox can be mitigated by an antiviral drug such as acyclovir. Chickenpox usually does not cause complications. While there is a rash, the blisters should not be damaged in order to avoid infection in the wounds and the appearance of scars in their place in the future.

To prevent a high incidence rate, quarantine measures are being carried out in preschool institutions and schools. Reducing the incidence rate is facilitated by compliance with sanitary and hygienic measures, frequent ventilation of premises, and wet cleaning. Sick children are immediately isolated until the disease ceases to be contagious. The problem is that at the time the symptoms of all these diseases appear, including the appearance of a rash with cough, the sick child manages to infect his environment.

In conclusion, I would like to note that some of the diseases described above, accompanied by a cough and rash on the body, can be prevented by vaccination, others cannot. Most of them get sick in childhood, and this is even for the better, since adults suffer from “childhood illnesses” hard.

Please note that cough is a symptom of many diseases, not only those listed above! 2 ratings, average: 3,00 out of 5)

Often, along with bronchospasms, symptoms arise that seem to have nothing to do with them. One of these strange manifestations is considered to be a skin rash; a cough that torments a person still turns out to be associated with it. Sometimes there is also a temperature. What is the reason for the occurrence of such a symptom complex?

Dry cough and rash as signs of an allergic reaction

When the immune system is weakened, malfunctions may occur in the body. Protective functions begin to turn on upon contact with substances that essentially do not pose any danger to him:

Plant pollen.
Some products.
Dust.
Animal fur.

As a result of an inadequate reaction, people (especially children) may develop a dry cough and a rash at the same time. A runny nose is often added to the symptoms.

Without tests, it is extremely difficult to identify the cause of hypersensitivity of the immune system. However, it is possible to analyze what exactly such manifestations arose after contact. Remove the possible irritant from your daily routine or diet for a while.

If a dry cough and rash on the body are caused by an allergen, the interaction with which was removed, then they should reduce their intensity. However, sometimes the reason for the negative reaction of the body was so strong that just eliminating the irritant is not enough, and the symptoms continue, and in addition, the back begins to itch due to the rash. In this case, doctors prescribe antihistamines.

Wet cough, fever, rash, as symptoms of allergic bronchitis

Unpleasant manifestations can be caused by chronic disease of the lower respiratory tract. Although the main sign of allergic bronchitis is sharp, spasmodic exhalations, very often its clinical picture includes a productive cough, runny nose, fever, and rash at the same time.

The reason for this is the multifaceted features of the course of the disease. One of the options for the clinical picture of the disease is the following:

After exposure to a provocateur, a person with allergic bronchitis begins to experience reflex spasms of the respiratory tract. Most often they occur at night, but they can haunt you during the day.
At the same time, nasal congestion, snot, and skin pathologies appear.
Low-grade fever (up to 37.9 degrees) is observed.

The parallel appearance of bronchospasms and skin rashes is explained by the fact that very often (especially in children) allergic bronchitis occurs against the background of:

Neurodermatitis.
Epidermal diathesis.
Pollinosis.

Thus, a rash, fever, cough, and runny nose begin to appear simultaneously.

As with a regular allergy, to reduce the intensity of symptoms, the cause of their occurrence should be removed. Also, first aid may consist of steam inhalations that soften the respiratory system.

Cough, rash, fever as signs of an infectious process

Measles is considered one of the serious diseases that often causes unpleasant symptoms in children. The symptoms of this disease may resemble the flu. Babies appear:

Headache.
Weakness.
Runny nose.
Loss of interest in food.
Temperature.

A little later, a cough and a red rash are observed. It doesn't cause itching. However, it can cover the entire body in a few days.

A week after the onset of the disease, symptoms begin to decrease in intensity. Rash, runny nose, cough, fever gradually disappear. If no other complications arise, then the disease ends on its own and leaves no trace.

It should be remembered that if symptoms appear for which the cause is unknown, you should definitely visit a doctor. This is especially true for those who have a sick child. A specialist will be able to quickly determine the cause of the disease and help get rid of cough, rash and other unpleasant symptoms.

The child has a fever, rash and cough, what could it be?

Answers:

Natalia

The rash is accompanied by several childhood infections - scarlet fever, measles, rubella, chickenpox... In addition, the rash can also be allergic. You can't make a diagnosis in absentia. There may be a paramedic in the village. What to do if there is no one? Look at the condition - bring down the high temperature (with medicines that you have on hand or vodka-vinegar rubdowns), treat the cough with home remedies, but if the temperature persists for several days, you still cannot do without a doctor.

Scarlet fever or measles. Call a doctor. And as quickly as possible.

Hrushka

Parents are idiots! You shouldn’t sit on the Internet, but call a doctor! A rash is not a very good sign. Call an ambulance!

Evgenia Shugaeva

Didn’t they call Ukraine?)

polinka =)

Possibly Chickenpox, rubella ASK YOUR DOCTOR! this can be dangerous! dangerous!

Oksana M

Maybe you need to go see a doctor, huh?

IRISHKA))))))))))

It could be anything from an allergy to a childhood infection. You should probably ask your doctor a question. Call an ambulance.

Lenochka

the rash may be from antipyretic drugs, it’s better to bring down the temperature (tsifekon) suppositories are like that, they bring down the temperature and there will be no vomiting with a rash, and there will be a cough because the throat hurts, and everything is sore

Inca

Urgent doctor at home! and not engage in fortune telling..

Alexander Evdonin

most likely chickenpox. urgently and to bring down the temperature, wipe it off (if possible)
alcohol (the temperature drops but be careful with your skin type))

The most common causes of rash on a child’s body, on the arms, face, legs, back, neck, abdomen

Any mother, seeing suspicious rashes on her baby’s skin, begins to look for their cause. Some almost always urgently call a doctor, after feeding the child unnecessary medications. Other parents try not to pay attention to the rash, especially if the child feels well. But both of them are doing the wrong thing. You just need to know the main types of rashes to make the right decision.

What a rash might look like - basic elements

A spot is a limited area of skin of discolored color (red, white, etc.). It does not protrude above the skin and cannot be felt.
A papule is a tubercle up to 0.5 cm in diameter that does not have a cavity inside. The element protrudes above the skin and can be felt.
A plaque is a formation with a large area, raised above the skin and having a flattened shape. Large plaques with a distinct skin pattern are called lichenification
Vesicles and bubbles are formations with liquid inside. Vary in size (a vesicle larger than 0.5 cm is called a vesicle)
Pustule - a limited cavity with pus inside

Diseases accompanied by rash

Rash in newborns

Erythema toxicosis lesions affect half of all full-term newborns. The main elements are white-yellow papules or pustules with a diameter of 1-2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. In some cases, only red spots appear, from a few to almost complete damage to the skin (except for the palms and soles). The maximum rash appears on the 2nd day of life, then the rash gradually disappears. The exact causes of erythema toxicum are unknown; the rash goes away on its own.

A condition that 20% of all babies go through by the age of three weeks. A rash in the form of inflamed papules and pustules appears on the face, less often on the scalp and neck. The cause of the rash is the activation of the sebaceous glands by maternal hormones. Most often, acne in newborns does not require treatment; careful hygiene and moisturizing with emollients are necessary. Unlike juvenile acne, newborn acne does not leave behind spots or scars and takes up to 6 months to resolve.

Frequent rashes in newborns, especially in the warm season (see treatment of prickly heat in children). It is associated with difficult release of the contents of the sweat glands and increased skin moisture during wrapping. Typical places of occurrence are the head, face and diaper rash areas. Blisters, spots and pustules rarely become inflamed, do not cause discomfort and go away with good care.

A synonym for this disease is atopic eczema or neurodermatitis. Every 10 children suffer from this disease, but not everyone develops the typical triad of symptoms. The triad includes allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and eczema itself.

The first signs of the disease appear in the first year of life and more often the rash appears on the face, cheeks, and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The child is bothered by unbearable itching, which intensifies at night and with temperature and chemical effects on the skin. In the acute stage, the rash looks like red papules with scratches and liquid discharge.

In the subacute period, peeling of the skin and sometimes thickening are characteristic. This is due to constant scratching of the affected areas.

Most children recover from this disease without consequences.
Only with a hereditary predisposition can the disease become chronic with the addition of asthma and allergic rhinitis (see treatment of atopic dermatitis in children).

To reduce skin rashes and itching, it is recommended to reduce bathing time, contact with hard tissues, and treat the skin with emollients (creams with a moisturizing effect) as often as possible. In severe cases, especially if the skin itches unbearably, ointments with a hormonal component are used (see list of hormonal ointments).

Allergic rash

If there is an individual intolerance to drugs and foods, the child may develop allergic rashes. They have different shapes and sizes, the rash can be located all over the body, on the arms, legs, back, and stomach. The main distinguishing feature of an allergic rash is that it intensifies when exposed to an allergen and disappears after the latter is discontinued. Usually severe itching is the only unpleasant effect of such rashes.

Quincke's edema - in rare cases, a severe reaction of the body to an allergen may occur, most often it occurs to medications or products (see more details on Quincke's edema). In this case, the rash lasts for quite a long time, and swelling forms on the body, leading to the inability to breathe due to the blockage of the larynx. If there is a family predisposition to allergies, it is necessary to exclude intolerant foods and medications.
Urticaria - can also occur due to foods, medications and under the influence of temperature factors (cold allergy, sun allergy), sometimes the cause of urticaria is never found (see symptoms of urticaria for more details).

Very often, marks from insect bites terrify parents and force them to look for infectious causes of such rashes. If any skin rashes appear, you need to analyze where and how long the child spent time. Perhaps a weekend in the village with your grandmother was accompanied by a trip to the forest and a massive attack of midges, so most often bite marks appear on open areas of the skin - in the form of a rash on the arms, legs, face, and neck.

Typical bite marks are caused by the following processes:

reaction to toxins
mechanical trauma to the skin
infection in the wound when scratching
sometimes – infectious diseases transmitted through bites

Symptoms of bites:

Mosquitoes	Bedbugs
First - a red blister Then - a dense papule that remains for several hours or days Sometimes - a blister or widespread redness with swelling	Itchy papules arranged in a linear pattern Usually occur at night There is a small bruise in the center of the rash
Bees and wasps	Scabies mites
Pain, redness and swelling at the site of the bite Bees leave a sting Sometimes a bubble forms With an allergic tendency, urticaria and Quincke's edema are possible	Severe itching that gets worse at night Red papules and tracts Location in the interdigital spaces, on the genitals, between the mammary glands, on the flexor surfaces

A rash in a child that requires immediate medical attention

Accompanied by fever above 40 degrees
Covers the entire body, causing unbearable itching
Associated with vomiting, headache and confusion
Looks like stellate hemorrhages
Accompanied by swelling and difficulty breathing

What not to do if your child has rashes

Squeeze out pustules
Popping bubbles
Allow rashes to be scratched
Lubricate with brightly colored preparations (so as not to complicate the diagnosis)

A rash on a child’s body is an important symptom of many diseases. Some of them do not even require treatment and go away on their own, while some threaten the health and life of the little person. Therefore, if you have any suspicious symptoms, you should consult your doctor and not self-medicate.

Rash caused by infection

The most common cause of a rash on a child's body is a viral or bacterial infection. In turn, among them there are 6 main diseases.

The disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which is common in all countries of the world. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets; contact transmission is possible in close children's groups. Symptoms of erythema infectiosum:

The rash forms on the extensor surfaces; the hands and feet are usually not affected. The fading of spots occurs gradually, over 1-3 weeks. The rash is usually an immune-related post-infectious complication, so children with patches of erythema are not contagious and do not need to be isolated.

Herpes virus type 6 causes a typical childhood disease - sudden exanthema (roseola). The peak incidence occurs between 10 months and 2 years of age, and contacts with sick children are rarely identified. Transmission usually occurs from adults through airborne transmission. Symptoms:

Roseola is a very specific disease, but it often goes unrecognized by pediatricians. Since teeth are actively cutting at the age of 1 year, fever is attributed to this condition. It must be remembered that teething never causes a temperature above 38 degrees. With this heat there is always another reason!

Chicken pox

Chickenpox (chickenpox) is a primary infection with the varicella zoster virus, similar in structure to the herpes simplex virus. Most children become infected before the age of 15. Transmission of the disease occurs through the air or by contact (the virus is present in the discharge from the rash). Symptoms:

In most children who have recovered from the disease, the chickenpox virus goes into a latent form, becoming firmly entrenched in the nerve cells. Subsequently, a second wave of the disease may occur in the form of herpes zoster (Fig. 2.), when blisters form along the nerve trunk, often on the lower back.

Complications of the disease occur rarely, mainly in weakened children with primary immunodeficiency and AIDS. With congenital chickenpox, there is a risk of disability and death of the newborn. In 2015, in Russia, the chickenpox vaccine should be included in the national vaccination calendar.

Meningococcal infection

Meningococcus is a bacterium that is normally found in the nasopharynx of 5-10% of people without causing serious problems. But under certain conditions, this microbe can cause life-threatening conditions, especially in young children. Meningococcus is transmitted by air, settling in the nasal cavity. With viral infections or a decrease in quality of life, carriage can develop into active disease. If meningococci are detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, urgent treatment with antibiotics is required in an intensive care unit.

Once in the blood, the bacterium can cause:

sepsis (blood poisoning)
meningitis
combination of these conditions

Sepsis - the disease begins with an increase in temperature to 41 degrees, uncontrollable vomiting. During the first 24 hours, a characteristic petechial rash (small bruises that grow and take on a star-shaped shape) appears against the background of pale gray skin.

The rashes are located on the limbs, torso, can rise above the skin, often ulcerate and form scars. At the same time, purulent foci may appear in the organs (heart, pericardium, pleural cavity). In young children, sepsis often occurs at lightning speed with the development of shock and death.

Meningitis is a more common manifestation of infection. Patients complain of photophobia, headache, disturbances of consciousness, and tension in the neck muscles. With isolated meningitis, there is no characteristic rash.

Measles

Measles is a previously common viral disease that now occurs in short outbreaks in certain regions. In recent years, the virus has reared its head again due to widespread anti-vaccination agitation. Most people are highly susceptible to the measles virus, so if one child in a group of children gets sick, then 90% of the remaining unvaccinated children are at risk of becoming infected.

The disease occurs in three stages:

Incubation (hidden), which lasts 10-12 days. By day 9, a sick child is contagious.
Prodromal (general malaise), lasting 3-5 days. It begins acutely and progresses with fever, dry cough, runny nose, and red eyes. On the 2nd day, Filatov-Koplik spots appear on the mucous membrane of the cheeks: whitish-gray dots with a red rim, disappearing within 12-18 hours.
Rash period. In parallel with the rise in temperature to 40 degrees, maculopapular spots appear behind the ears and along the hairline. Within a day, the rash covers the face and goes down to the upper chest. After 2-3 days it reaches the feet, and the face turns pale. This staged pattern of rashes (day 1 – face, day 2 – torso, day 3 – limbs) is characteristic of measles. All this is accompanied by mild itching, sometimes small bruises appear at the site of the rash. After the spots disappear, peeling and a brownish mark may remain, which disappears within 7-10 days.

Complications (usually occur in unvaccinated children):

otitis media
pneumonia
encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

The diagnosis is usually made by characteristic symptoms, and sometimes blood is taken to determine immunoglobulins. Treatment directly against the virus has not been developed, so you just need to alleviate the child’s condition with antipyretics. There is evidence that taking vitamin A by children with measles significantly mitigates the course of the infection. Vaccination of children can reduce the incidence of the disease and the risk of severe complications. It must be remembered that 6-10 days after the vaccine is administered, milder signs of the disease may appear (low fever, a small rash on the child’s body), which pass quickly and do not pose a health hazard.

Rubella

An acute viral infection that affects mainly 5-15 years of age. Rubella symptoms:

The latent period is from 2 to 3 weeks. At this stage there are no symptoms, but the child may already be contagious.
Prodromal period. There is a slight malaise, a slight rise in temperature, very often this stage goes unnoticed. The occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes are noticeably enlarged.
Rash period. A pale pink rash appears on the face, quickly spreads downwards and disappears just as quickly, usually after 3 days. May be accompanied by mild itching. Peeling usually does not remain.

Rubella often occurs without a rash at all, so it is difficult to distinguish it from other infections. The virus is dangerous mainly for expectant mothers. When infected before the 11th week of pregnancy, most children have congenital malformations. After 16 weeks, the risk of abnormalities is low, but there is a possibility of congenital rubella with damage to the brain, skin, eyes, and hearing loss - hearing loss. Therefore, when planning pregnancy, all women need to find out the level of antibodies to rubella in order to vaccinate if they are absent.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a disease caused by group A streptococci. This means that the source of infection is not only patients or carriers of scarlet fever, but also people with any pathology caused by these bacteria (sore throat, for example). Scarlet fever is transmitted by airborne droplets. Symptoms:

The latent period is 2-7 days.
The prodromal period begins with a rise in temperature, acute sore throat, and malaise.
On the 1st or 2nd day of illness, a rash appears that does not affect the nasolabial triangle. The appearance of a child with scarlet fever is characteristic: shiny eyes, glowing cheeks, pale nasolabial triangle. On the body, the rash is more intense in the folds. After 3-7 days, all rashes disappear, leaving behind peeling. Another feature of the disease is the “crimson” tongue - bright, with pronounced papillae.

Infectious mononucleosis

The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes infectious mononucleosis in children, belongs to a large group of herpes viruses. The disease most often affects children and young people, and often occurs without a rash or other characteristic symptoms. The degree of contagiousness of patients with mononucleosis is low, so outbreaks do not occur in children's groups. Symptoms:

The main symptom of the disease is enlargement of the lymph nodes, especially the posterior cervical ones, while the liver and spleen are enlarged.
From the 3rd day of illness, tonsillitis with a white coating on the tonsils and a rise in temperature may appear.
On days 5-6, a rash appears infrequently, varying in shape and size, disappearing without a trace. If a patient with mononucleosis is prescribed ampicillin, the likelihood of a rash increases.
A characteristic sign will appear in a blood test: atypical mononuclear cells; in addition, antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus can be detected.

Differential diagnosis of rash of infectious origin

	Hidden period	Symptoms	Rash			Period of infectiousness and vaccination
	Hidden period	Symptoms	View	Time and order of appearance	Footprints	Period of infectiousness and vaccination
Measles	10-12days	significant increase in temperature dry cough-conjunctivitis and photophobia rash due to high fever	Large maculopapular, bright, may merge	After 3-5 days of illness - behind the ears, along the hair. Then it goes down to the feet (in three days)	Bruising and peeling	4 days before the first rash and up to 5 days after it disappears. Vaccination - at 1 year, 6 years
Rubella	2-3 weeks	slight increase in temperature malaise - sometimes arthritis	Finely spotted, pale pink	On the first day of illness on the face, after 24-48 hours - throughout the body, disappears after 3 days.	Disappears without a trace	Contagiousness during the period of rash, a few days before and after it. Vaccination -12 months, 6 years
Scarlet fever	2-7 days	intoxication, fever-sore throat enlarged lymph nodes bright language	Fine-dot (1-2 mm), bright	Simultaneous rash, intense rash in the folds of the body. Pale nasolabial triangle.	Leaves peeling	contagiousness 10 days from the onset of symptoms, with streptococcus carriage - constant contagiousness
Infectious mononucleosis	Unknown	enlarged lymph nodes enlarged liver and spleen	Diverse in shape and size, does not always occur	On the 5-6th day of illness, sometimes later. More intense on the face, but also present on the body	Disappears without a trace	The virus is low infectivity and is transmitted more often through sharing utensils and kissing
Erythema infectiosum	4-28 days	malaise sometimes arthritis	Red spots	Red spots from the face spread to the entire body, especially to the extensor surfaces. Before disappearing, they take on the appearance of a ring with a white center.	Disappear for a long time, can reappear within 3 weeks under unfavorable conditions	Children are usually not contagious once the rash appears.
5-15 days	sudden rise in temperature disappearance of fever after 3 days sometimes – sore throat	Fine spotted	The spots appear after the temperature on the body normalizes.	Disappears within a few hours or days without a trace	Infection most often occurs from adults who are carriers of herpes virus type 6
Chicken pox	10-21 days	malaise headache and stomach pain (sometimes) fever up to 38 degrees	Spots, papules, blisters and crusts.	The beginning is on the scalp, face, torso. Then it spreads to the whole body. Different elements of the rash are present simultaneously.	there are no traces, but if scratching causes an infection - scars may remain	48 hours before the rash appears and before crusts form on all elements (up to 2 weeks). It is planned to be included in the vaccination calendar in 2015.
Meningococcal sepsis	-	sharp deterioration in condition fever headache pain and vomiting confusion	From small bruises to extensive hemorrhages	More often - the lower limbs and torso.	Extensive hemorrhages can develop into ulcers and scars.	Throughout the illness

All parents have experienced skin rashes in their baby at least once. How serious are such conditions and what should you do when they appear? The need to take therapeutic measures will depend on whether the child's rash is found all over the body or is localized in one area, and what additional symptoms accompany it.

Types of skin rashes in children

Based on the form in which the rash appears on a child’s body, they distinguish:

spots - areas of skin that differ from the surrounding skin in color, for example, red, pink or pale and colorless;
vesicles - small bubbles with serous fluid;
blisters - develop on the skin due to acute inflammation, for example, with hives;
bubbles – formations with a large cavity;
ulcers, or pustules - pimples on the skin containing pus;
papules - nodules on the surface of the skin without internal cavities;
tubercles on the skin - formations without a cavity of red-yellow, bluish tints.

In every case of a rash, the child should be shown to a doctor. So, only an experienced specialist will be able to accurately determine whether a red rash on a child’s body is a symptom of rubella, erythema or an allergic reaction. Parents should not immediately start self-medicating their baby, because the fight for clear skin will only be effective when the pathogen that causes the irritation is identified.

Causes of rash on the body

The variety of reasons why skin rashes occur in children can be divided into the following groups:

manifestation of an infectious disease that is caused by:
- viral pathogen - measles, rubella, chickenpox, mononucleosis;
- bacteria - scarlet fever;
an allergic reaction that developed due to food, hygiene products, or contact dermatitis;
reaction to insect bites and mechanical damage to the skin;
a rash in the form of small hemorrhages, reflecting problems with blood clotting, for example, with meningococcal meningitis.

Allergy rash

The modern world is literally filled with factors that can greatly irritate children's delicate skin. A rash all over a child’s body, like an allergic reaction, is a common occurrence, and it can manifest itself in different ways: spots, pimples, small blisters. As for localization throughout the body, foci of irritation can appear in a variety of areas of the skin. So, often with food allergies, a rash is observed on the back and stomach of a child, and in case of a reaction due to the material of clothing, the rashes can cover the baby’s arms, shoulders, legs and even feet.

Why, even in cases where a mother has no doubt that her baby got sprinkled because of food, should she consult a doctor? You need to understand that an allergic rash in a child is only an external expression of the body’s reaction to the pathogen. At the same time, with severe allergies, malfunctions in the functioning of internal organs may occur and even Quincke's edema may develop. A doctor's examination of irritated skin will help prevent possible negative consequences, and prescribed medications will help relieve itching and irritation. The doctor will also rule out the development of an infectious disease in the baby.

After an insect bite

A rash in children when they are out of town in the summer, and even after a regular walk in the park, is a very common occurrence. Bites from mosquitoes, midges or ants often leave marks that are very itchy and can be visible on the skin for several days. In most cases, such irritations can be prevented by using mosquito nets, fumigators, and protective aerosols.

A bee, wasp or hornet sting will cause much more trouble for a child. These insects pierce the skin with a sting and inject poison into the body, which causes severe pain, swelling, and swelling. Such bites are also dangerous because if a child develops an allergy after the bite, the rash can quickly spread throughout the body, causing severe itching and pain. At the same time, breathing problems, fainting, and even anaphylactic shock are possible. For these reasons, in case of a bite, it is necessary to examine it, remove the sting, give the child an antihistamine and monitor his condition.

Childhood illnesses with skin rashes

Diseases that manifest themselves in this way can be very different in nature. Some go away on their own, even without any treatment, without particularly changing the baby’s well-being, while others are dangerous due to their complications and serious consequences, including death. Read the information about what diseases a rash on a child’s body may indicate.

Disease	Symptoms
Chicken pox	Many chickenpox blisters appear throughout the body. They itch a lot and become crusty after a while.
	The rash appears along with fever and cold symptoms. The rashes from the face spread throughout the body, and after 5 days they begin to peel off and disappear.
Rubella	For several days the child has a fever, cough, and sore throat. Then a pinpoint rash appears behind the ears, on the face, and then throughout the body. The number of red dots begins to decrease after 3 days.
Scarlet fever	The disease begins with fever, redness and sore throat. Then red spots appear on the child’s body. They are often located in places where the body naturally bends: in the groin, armpits, elbows and knees. A pinpoint rash also appears on the face, with the exception of the nasolabial triangle.
	With this disease, pink spots appear first on the face, and then on the arms and legs, which grow and merge into one spot. The rash goes away within 10 days.
	The infection occurs with a very high temperature, and a red rash spreads across the body slightly above the skin level.
	Small blisters with liquid appear on the lips and the skin around them, which gradually becomes cloudy, then the rash dries out.

Meningitis	There is a purple, star-shaped subcutaneous rash that does not go away with pressure. This is how bleeding from small vessels occurs that occurs with this disease. The baby's neck muscles tense, the temperature rises, drowsiness and photophobia appear. If you see at least one of these signs, you need to urgently take the child to the hospital. With meningitis, children who do not receive timely medical care may die within 24 hours.

Rash on a baby

In the first weeks after birth, the baby’s body undergoes active hormonal changes, and evidence of this can often be seen on its skin. Thus, many parents are forced to consult a doctor by a rash on the body of a newborn, which is called miliaria. This is a common occurrence in infants. At high temperatures, their sweat glands actively secrete sweat, and a small reddish rash appears in places of natural folds of the skin (in the groin, under the arms), often on the face and buttocks. The skin feels moist when touched.

The sweat rash is not a dangerous illness and goes away over time, but we must remember that exposure to factors such as prolonged exposure to too hot clothes or a wet diaper can cause diaper rash in a baby. When caring for a newborn, a mother needs to be very attentive and notice changes in rashes. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that often the youngest may develop allergies to food, hygiene products, and clothing materials. At an age when their immunity is developing, children must be especially carefully protected from external irritants.

What to do if your child has a rash

If the baby's body is covered with a rash, you must immediately assess whether he has signs of an infectious infection, for example, high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat. Next, it is determined whether the rash is all over the child’s body or localized to certain areas of the skin, and what it looks like: in the form of spots, blisters with liquid, purulent formations, etc.

Such an examination will help you understand how urgently you need to show your baby to the doctor. Even if you are sure that the skin rash is an allergy after eating something, still consult a specialist. The doctor, having compared all the existing signs and symptoms, will dispel your fears or begin to treat the disease in a timely manner. If an infection is suspected, it is better to call a doctor at home, and, if possible, isolate the sick child in a separate room. Before the doctor arrives, it is advisable not to treat irritations with medications, so as not to complicate the diagnosis.

Video: skin rashes in children

Rash in a child on the legs and arms without fever, with fever, itches, does not itch

Children are the most beloved, defenseless people. The health of the baby sometimes depends on adults. They need our attention first. Children's skin is still imperfect and very susceptible to various infections. Thus, the appearance of a rash on the arms and legs may be an innocent manifestation, or it may be a signal of a dangerous disease. Below we will consider why a rash may appear in a child and how to act in this situation.

Rash - what is it?

What is this phenomenon? A rash is a pathological change in the skin and mucous membranes that differs from normal skin in appearance, structure, and color. It can be primary or secondary, that is, appear at the site of previous rashes. The combination of primary and secondary elements determines the picture of the rash in the disease. This may be a reaction to some allergen, or it may turn out that the rash is a sign of some disease.

Kinds

It turns out that rashes come in different natures and types. Primary and secondary rashes are distinguished. This is what a rash happens on a child’s legs and arms:

The tubercles do not have a cavity, are located deep in the dermis, up to 1 cm in diameter. At the same time, the color and texture of the skin is different. They can leave scars and develop into ulcers.
Blisters are without a cavity, have blurry outlines and are pink in color. Appear due to swelling of the papillary dermis. They pass without a trace, they itch.
Papules or nodules - do not have a cavity. They may or may not be inflamed and their color has changed. They pass without leaving traces.

Bubbles - have a bottom, a tire, a cavity. Once they are opened, erosion can occur.
Pustules or pustules have pus inside. May be superficial or deep.
Roseola appears as irregularly shaped pink spots. When the skin is stretched, the stain disappears.

If the rash appears again, then the following may form:

Scarring.
Abrasions.
Cracks.
Scales.
Erosion.
Ulcers.

Diagnostics

If a rash appears on your child’s legs and arms, you should urgently seek help from a pediatrician and dermatologist. First, the doctor should carefully examine:

Form.
Color.
Quantity.
The nature of the rash.
The location of the rash is also important.

Presence or absence of fever.
What infectious diseases have you suffered?
What hereditary diseases are there?
Tendency to allergies.
Photosensitivity.

As a rule, a rash is not the underlying disease, but is a symptom of some disease. It is a sign that a malfunction has occurred in the body. To determine the cause of this manifestation, the doctor prescribes tests. First of all, a blood and urine test. It is also possible to analyze the secretion of ulcers. After examination and analysis, the doctor prescribes treatment. What could be the reasons why a child has a rash on his legs and arms?

Sources of the problem

For a child’s body, a rash is a very important symptom of certain diseases, so consulting a doctor is important. The reasons for this may be the following:

If the rash accompanies an infectious disease, the body temperature will certainly increase. There are other signs, these could be:

Cough.
Rhinitis.
A sore throat.

Let's look at some diseases that are accompanied, in addition to a rash, also by fever.

Rash with fever

When an infection enters the body, its first reaction is fever. Skin rashes can appear with or without fever. There are several infectious diseases, the symptom of which is a rash.

This group includes:

Chicken pox.
Rubella.
Scarlet fever.
Measles.
Enterovirus infection.
Meningococcemia.

Each disease has its own characteristics of the spread of rashes.

This is especially true for childhood diseases. Let's look at which of them cause a rash on the child's legs and arms, as well as on the body and face.

Chickenpox

This disease occurs most often in children. There are no vaccinations for it. The first sign of this disease is the appearance of red spots, which very quickly turn into blisters. In addition to blisters on the face, head, and body, the child also has a rash on the legs and arms. The temperature is elevated, and the baby may experience weakness and headache for some time.

If the blister is torn off, scars remain. The main problem of this disease is that the rash on the child’s arms and legs itches, and there is a risk of infection. The doctor may prescribe medications to relieve itching.

Rubella

This disease occurs with elevated temperature. In older children, joint pain and general intoxication are possible. Rashes appear on the 1st day or on the second day. First - on the face, neck, torso, then a small rash spreads on the child’s arms and legs, mainly on the folds. The younger the child, the milder this disease occurs.

However, in adolescents, complications such as encephalitis and meningoencephalitis are possible. This disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women; fetal developmental defects are possible. Vaccination is also prohibited for immunocompromised patients. However, rubella is milder than scarlet fever.

Measles

A dangerous infectious disease that is easily transmitted through the air with minor contact with a carrier of the infection.

There is a vaccine against measles. This disease is accompanied by intoxication of the body. There are symptoms characteristic of a cold - coughing, watery eyes, sneezing. The temperature rises to high values. The rash begins from the mucous membrane of the cheeks, then moves to the face, the entire torso, and limbs (in the form of papules rising above the skin). Dangerous complications on the bronchi, can cause pneumonia.

Scarlet fever

This is an infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets, through dirty hands and objects. It starts with a sore throat and chills. Then a small rash appears on the child’s arms and legs with fever. Most often in the bends of the arms and legs. The rash then spreads to the face, neck, and torso. The source of the rash is streptococcus. The throat begins to hurt, which is very similar to a viral infection. The main thing for definition is language. It will be raspberry in color.

As soon as the temperature begins to decrease, lamellar peeling of the skin of the hands and feet begins. With this disease, it is very important to maintain bed rest and drink fluids. Antibiotics are required for treatment. Complications to the heart and kidneys are possible.

Enterovirus infection

Preschool children are susceptible to these diseases. A rash appears on the child’s legs and arms without fever. It usually doesn't itch.

The child may be healthy or there may be a slight increase in temperature within one or two days. This occurs due to imperfections and sensitivity of children's skin.

Meningococcemia

This is a very dangerous disease. The temperature rises to high levels in a short period of time. A rash appears on the child’s legs and arms (it does not itch) in the form of irregularly shaped hemorrhage, and is also present on the buttocks. If such rashes are detected, you should urgently call a doctor and admit the child to intensive care.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis

This disease is characterized by a rash on the child’s arms and legs with fever, mainly in the area of the folds. At first, small blisters or lumps appear, then the rash turns red, acquires the color of rust, and disappears completely. It is believed that the disease can be caused by allergies, trauma, or be a consequence of acute infectious diseases such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Accompanied by fever and joint pain. With the lightning-fast course of this disease, death is possible. It is necessary to pay careful attention to treatment.

Non-infectious rash with itching

There are a number of diseases in which the rashes are very itchy. For example, with scabies, a rash appears on a child’s legs and arms without fever, most often on the folds between the fingers. As a rule, it itches a lot, especially at night. Also, with helminthiasis, the rashes itch.

The presence of fungus on the skin of children is one of the causes of rashes in the form of blisters, erosions, and red spots. The localization of the fungus is usually on the legs, palms, feet, and wrists. The rash spreads especially quickly on moist areas of the skin. Can be easily transmitted through contact with a contaminated object. Infections occur especially often in places where there is a damp environment (shower, bathroom). The disease is accompanied by severe itching without fever.

Small rash without itching

If a small rash appears on the child’s arms and legs and does not itch, pseudotuberculosis may be at the initial stage of development. This disease is transmitted by rodents - after contact with things to which they had access. This disease appears very rarely in children, but it still exists.

If a child was born with congenital syphilis or was infected in utero, the rash may appear from time to time without bothering him. These are papules with a pustular core. Such rashes are not accompanied by itching and fever.

Also, a small rash can be the result of a hereditary infectious disease such as psoriasis. In children under 2 years of age it is rare, but at an older age the risk of development, due to heredity, is quite possible. It begins with a small rash in the form of dry plaques of round and oval shape, red-pink in color, with noticeable peeling on top. It spreads over large areas of the skin, in the area of the knees, elbows, and head - this is a characteristic sign of psoriasis. This rash does not itch. In infants it can appear and go away, and in adulthood it can return again.

Allergic reaction

With allergic dermatitis, in addition to rashes on the face and torso, the child may have a rash on the legs and arms. The photos clearly demonstrate the manifestation of an allergic reaction. Rashes can be present either on a small area of skin or on a large one. As a rule, accompanying symptoms are peeling and severe itching. The body temperature remains within normal limits, and no intoxication of the body occurs. This reaction is possible to food, household chemicals, and medications.

If a child has allergies, you need to be extremely careful with allergens and exclude them from the diet if possible, as there is a risk of angioedema. Possible respiratory arrest and laryngeal swelling.

Hives - a small rash - can be a reaction to temperature factors, cold, or sun.

What not to do if a rash is detected in a child

First of all, it is strictly prohibited in situations where you see rashes on your baby’s body:

Squeeze out pustules.
Pop bubbles.
Treat with brilliant green or other means until examined by a doctor.
Self-medicate.

If the rash on your child's arms and legs itches, do not let him scratch it.

If a rash is detected, you should limit contact with others, as the disease may be contagious.

As we saw earlier, a rash can be an important symptom or result of a disease. An examination by a doctor is required to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment to eliminate possible complications.

Therapy

Treatment of rashes is, first of all, elimination of the disease that caused them. For infectious diseases, it is recommended to adhere to bed rest, take antipyretics, antihistamines, and treat rashes. If necessary, antibiotics are prescribed (to avoid the development of side effects).

Allergy sufferers should definitely see an allergist. It is necessary to exclude allergens from your diet. You should also follow your doctor’s instructions and take antihistamines or glucocorticosteroids. In case of fungal diseases or scabies, observation by a dermatologist is necessary.

Rash prevention

The skin in childhood is not yet adapted to the manifestations of the external environment, so it requires special attention and care. First of all, it is necessary to observe the rules of hygiene.

Parents should ensure that all necessary vaccinations against dangerous diseases are received.

If your baby suffers from allergies, be sure to see an allergist. Proper treatment and observation will help the child outgrow this difficult period. Eliminate allergens from your baby's diet.

Strengthen your child’s immunity so that he can fight diseases easily and without consequences.

Do not leave a rash, even a minor one, unattended.

The child has a rash and fever

Different types of rashes can be a manifestation of viral and bacterial infections in a child. Rashes with an infectious nature are in second place after allergic ones in terms of prevalence.

Signs of an infectious process include the rash itself, diarrhea, fever in the child, as well as a cough and runny nose. The child may feel general weakness, refuse to eat, and complain of abdominal pain. If your child has a rash accompanied by at least one of these symptoms, then you should definitely show him to your pediatrician.

Viral rash

If the rash is caused by measles, chickenpox, erythema infectiosum or rubella, then parents can independently determine its cause. But with a nonspecific small rash and fever, this is difficult to do. Typically, a viral rash with fever appears first on the face and torso, and then spreads to the legs and arms. Another common infection is roseola infantum. It manifests itself as a high fever that lasts up to eight days. Then the child’s high fever gives way to a rash in the form of flat pink spots. They appear on the back, stomach and chest, and then on the legs and arms.

Roseola in infants does not require specific treatment. If the temperature is too high, it is enough to give the baby an antipyretic.

Bacterial rash

Among the bacterial infections that cause a rash after a high fever in a child, the most common are impetigo and scarlet fever. With scarlet fever, the rash is small and red. It usually appears on the cheeks, arms and legs, but almost never on the skin between the upper lip and nose. Scarlet fever is contagious, so a sick child should be treated as soon as possible isolate faster. Treatment is with antibiotics.

With impetigo, the rash affects the skin around the nose and mouth. The rash appears as red, raised bumps with pus and a yellowish crust on top. This contagious disease is treated under the supervision of a doctor with creams containing an antibiotic.

In order to exclude or correctly diagnose the disease that caused the rash in a small child, do not ignore a visit to the pediatrician. The disease can not only be contagious, but also cause a number of serious complications.

And finally, do not allow your baby to scratch his skin. Even ordinary chickenpox can cause scars and pockmarks on the face and body. And no one needs complexes about appearance.

Many infectious diseases, which usually occur in childhood, but sometimes occur in adults, are accompanied by the simultaneous presence of symptoms such as cough and rash.

A rash on a child’s body is a symptom of the infectious diseases measles, scarlet fever, rubella, and chickenpox.

When you have a cough and rash without fever, you can suspect an allergic reaction to various irritants, such as pollen, animal hair, food, dust in the air, medications.

Let's try to understand the symptoms of the infectious diseases described above and decide how not to make a mistake with the diagnosis.

Measles

In addition to catarrhal phenomena, there is:

general malaise;
weakness;
swelling of the eyelids and redness of the conjunctiva;
hyperemia (overflow of blood) of the pharynx;
the appearance of red spots on the soft and hard palate.

The rash begins to decrease from the fourth day of illness. The temperature drops to normal. The rash begins to darken, pigmentation appears, and peeling occurs. Pigmentation goes away in 7-10 days.

Treatment of measles must be taken with full responsibility. The disease is fraught with complications, such as:

laryngitis;
laryngeal stenosis;
trazeobronchitis;
otitis;
pneumonia;
measles encephalitis;
hepatitis and others.

Treatment of measles

There are no specific drugs to treat measles. Vaccination can prevent the disease or significantly reduce symptoms. After illness, strong immunity is developed.

For itchy skin, use daily body rinsing and washing with a solution containing synthetic tannin.

During illness, the use of vitamin A is recommended.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever also mainly affects children. The causative agent of the disease is group A hemolytic streptococcus.

The disease is accompanied by both general intoxication of the body and the appearance of a rash and other severe symptoms.

Symptoms of body poisoning with toxins will be:

elevated temperature;
general weakness and malaise;
headache.

The rash begins to disappear after 3-7 days without traces of pigmentation.
At 2-4, the tongue acquires a bright crimson color and becomes distinctly grainy. There is also a bright blush on the cheeks.

At the final stage of the disease, active peeling of the skin occurs in the area of the palms and feet, then moves to the torso, neck, and ears.

A close relative of scarlet fever, which can also cause a rash.

Treatment of scarlet fever

Recurrent scarlet fever occurs very rarely (in 2-4% of cases) and is due to the fact that the body may not have time to produce antibodies to scarlet fever toxins.

Rubella

The onset of the disease is accompanied by:

low-grade fever;
headache;
coughing or coughing;
pharyngitis;
rhinitis - symptoms of a common cold.

There is no treatment for the disease itself. Associated symptoms are treated.

Chicken pox

Chickenpox is characterized by the following symptoms:

the appearance of weakness and lethargy;
increased body temperature;
headache;
the appearance of a specific rash in the form of small red spots.

Please note that many diseases, not only those listed above! 2 ratings, average: 3,00 out of 5)