Pharyngitis is a disease that characterizes inflammatory process mucous surface of the pharynx. During such a diagnosis, in most cases, a modification of the lymph nodes of the throat is observed. This diagnosis has two forms of progression: acute and chronic.
Causes of pharyngitis:
- freezing,
- low level immunity protection,
- presence of infectious pathogens in baby's body,
- allergic reactions various types,
- mechanical damage mucous surface of the nasopharynx,
- chemical irritation from taking certain medications,
- Availability chronic diseases digestive system, which provoke the occurrence of pharyngitis.
The main symptoms in a child:
Symptoms may not appear fully and may also have varying degrees severity (depending on individual characteristics and stage of the disease).
Pharyngitis in infants has slightly different manifestations, since the baby is not yet able to talk about his health. Disease in in this case manifests itself in the form of lack of appetite, fever, lethargy, bad sleep and even refusing to drink. Often, parents may confuse the last of the symptoms with the process of teething, but this is not so. It is worth noting that if a child refuses to drink, it is time to sound the alarm, because this can be any disease of any complexity (from a cold to pneumonia with a fatal outcome).
Pharyngitis in children treatment
Treatment of pharyngitis in a child can only be under strict control a pediatric specialist in this area, because any self-prescription will definitely cause serious damage to the baby’s health.
The basic concept of therapeutic effects according to Komarovsky:
- Inhalation using a home nebulizer.
- Gargling with the addition of specialized medications (recommended from 2 years).
- Optimal diet: rich in vitamins food, small portions, fractional meals.
- Increasing the volume of drinking (maintaining the optimal temperature of the liquid consumed).
Dr. Komarovsky claims that inhalations can be used to treat children under 2 years of age instead of rinsing the throat. The most convenient devices For carrying out this kind of manipulation a nebulizer can rightfully be considered. For getting maximum effect Anti-inflammatory herbs should be added to it.
Komarovsky categorically refuses the algorithm for treating pharyngitis in a child with the systematic use of antipyretic medications, since they have a detrimental effect on the still fragile body of the little man. The doctor believes that such medications do not provide therapeutic effect, only temporarily relieving the symptoms of the disease.
You should also completely refuse self-medication, especially when it comes to the child’s health. It's connected with parents lacking specific education, which would allow them to qualitatively determine the root cause of the disease, because only in this case is it possible right choice child treatment regimens.
The doctor also insists: therapy can be prescribed only after examining the child and taking all necessary tests. Pharyngitis is not difficult to treat, however, the complications are quite serious, so you should not joke with him.
It is also worth paying attention to strict control of the dosage of medicine consumed by the child, since only strict compliance with all necessary instructions can give the desired result and contribute to a speedy recovery.
How to treat?
As a rule, in such cases, a drug that neutralizes the cough must be prescribed (there are various shapes release according to the child's age and the wishes of the parents). You can also use anesthetic aerosols and other locally. medicines. If necessary, you should also take an antipyretic. It is important to remember that the temperature is most often not reduced to 38, because the body must fight the infection on its own.
In some cases, homeopathic and immunomodulating medications are prescribed. However the need for their reception should be agreed upon with a specialized specialist. Dr. Komarovsky recommends gargling with chlorhexidine, alternating it with saline solution homemade.
At the moment, on the Internet there are many video of Dr. Komarovsky, in which an eminent pediatrician tells parents about the treatment of certain diseases. That is why, to reinsure yourself, it is possible to take advantage of the advice of an eminent specialist.
Treatment with folk remedies
Throat treatment can also be done with the help of drugs alternative medicine. However, in this case, you should remember that all your actions need to be discussed with your pediatrician.
To neutralize the disease, you can use freshly squeezed lemon juice and a spoonful of high-quality honey. The contents are mixed and, if desired, add boiling water and spices to it. Otherwise, they simply give the child a teaspoon as needed depending on the baby’s well-being.
Chamomile decoction is added to the nebulizer for inhalation. If such equipment is not at hand, then it is permissible use the old-fashioned method with a saucepan. For children, the last option cannot be used.
A proven method also works great: warm milk with the addition of... large quantity natural oil and honey. This procedure carried out mainly before bedtime, which contributes to the child’s speedy recovery.
The carrots are grated on a medium grater, then the golden mustache is added to it. This is a medicine traditional medicine used primarily for resorption.
A decoction of propolis can also work wonders. That is why, if a child has a cold, a complex of inhalations is carried out with the addition of such a medicine.
The procedure of gargling with a water-salt solution, which you can make yourself, also works great. In the absence of diseases thyroid gland , I add a few drops of iodine to this composition. For these purposes, you can use absolutely any complex of anti-inflammatory herbs. St. John's wort is not used for human immunodeficiency virus, as it negatively affects overall health and also reduces the body's level of defense.
Complications
Improper treatment of pharyngitis or its absence in both a child and an adult provokes various kinds of complications, which manifest themselves in the form of laryngitis and bronchitis, and even pneumonia. When untimely or poor quality treatment lungs may develop pneumonia, which short term capable of taking a person's life. That is why you should not delay the initial stage of therapy. Only a competent and specialized doctor can prescribe it.
Prevention
In order to protect yourself and your household from relapses of pharyngitis, you should carefully inspect the apartment for things that contribute to the accumulation of large amounts of dust. Discard them. There is also the practice of hardening a child, even at an early age, which, with the right approach, leads to strengthening the immune system.
If you have frequent pharyngitis, you should purchase a device that determines the humidity of the room air. It is important to stick to the norm. When if the air has insufficient humidity levels, it is worth working in this direction by installing a humidifier in the children's room. It is also recommended to eat onions or garlic, which can strengthen the protective barrier of the human body.
You should also pay attention to your baby’s toothbrush: harmful microbes and bacteria of various types can also accumulate there. If necessary you can change it more often. Vitamin C and ascorbic acid will become indispensable helpers in strengthening the immune system. In case of frequent colds, you should include taking a vitamin complex.
It is important to understand that treatment of pharyngitis in a baby should begin after the first symptoms are identified, which will help cope with the disease in a short time.
Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Usually the disease is combined with acute respiratory infections and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. At proper treatment Children feel relief immediately. Symptoms subside on the fourth day, and full recovery observed after a week.
With timely intervention, pharyngitis can be cured within a week.
Types of pharyngitis
Based on the nature of their manifestation, there are three types of pharyngitis:
- Spicy, with clear symptoms. At adequate treatment the disease quickly passes and does not return.
Acute pharyngitis looks scary, but goes away quickly.
- Subacute, with the fading of signs of acute.
- Chronic, caused by constant irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa. It is characterized by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission. But it cannot be cured forever.
According to the degree of tissue damage, the following classification is accepted:
- Catarrhal- covers only the mucous membrane.
- Granular- also affects lymphoid follicles.
- Atrophic- accompanied by depletion of mucous, lymphoid and glandular tissues.
In any situation, it is best to consult a doctor.
Depending on the location, there are two more types of pharyngitis: limited and widespread. The first type of disease is characterized by damage to the pharynx within the lateral ridges. In the common form of the disease, inflammation covers the back and side walls of the pharynx.
Causes
For the development of pharyngitis, three factors must work simultaneously:
- hypothermia;
- weakened immunity;
- infection.
When a child’s immunity is weakened, various diseases “stick” to him.
The baby may become hypothermic while walking or at home in a draft. And immunity weakens in the off-season, when there are frequent outbreaks of influenza and colds. In spring, the situation is aggravated by the scarcity of the diet.
According to the type of pathogen in children, they are distinguished:
- Viral pharyngitis. Develops when the mucous membrane is damaged by viruses. Adenoviral - stimulated by adenoviruses, rhinoviral - by rhinoviruses, herpetic - by the herpes virus.
- Bacterial, which develops when bacteria are retained in the throat.
- Fungal, pathogens are fungi.
Other causes of the disease include:
- Allergy. If the air contains an allergen and the child breathes open mouth, then the mucous membrane of the pharynx is in constant irritation. Allergic pharyngitis develops.
Allergens can also trigger the development of pharyngitis.
- Foreign body in the throat(mechanical irritation).
- Irritation from chemicals.
The development of chronic pharyngitis is facilitated by diseases of the child’s digestive system. These include atrophic gastritis, cholecystitis and pancreatitis.
Symptoms of pharyngitis in children
When the pharyngeal mucosa is inflamed, the baby complains of a sore throat when swallowing food. While drinking and the rest of the time, discomfort and soreness are felt, but painful sensations are missing.
A visual examination reveals the following symptoms:
- redness of the back and/or lateral walls of the pharynx;
- tonsils are not enlarged;
- with the granulosa form of the disease, a granular surface is observed;
- copious mucus and/or purulent discharge.
Attention! To examine your throat at home, use a teaspoon. Ask your child to open his mouth. Use the end of the spoon to press on the tongue and ask your baby to breathe deeply. The pharynx will open well, and you will be able to assess the condition of its membrane.
A sign of an independent course of the disease is a body temperature of up to 38 degrees. But if pharyngitis is combined with acute respiratory infections or flu, then the temperature rises higher. The child coughs, his voice is hoarse, and there are enlarged lymph nodes on the neck.
The disease may be accompanied by a fairly high temperature.
Breastfeeders can't complain. Therefore, in addition to a visual examination, pharyngitis in them can only be diagnosed by indirect signs. This is lack of appetite, anxiety, crying, unwillingness to sleep. If it is painful for the baby to swallow, then he refuses to drink and drools. Parents often confuse this condition with.
How to treat pharyngitis in children?
Treatment tactics for pharyngitis depend on the type of pathogen:
- A viral infection is difficult to treat. Therefore with her children's body must fight on his own. The doctor can only help the baby cope with unpleasant symptoms.
- Bacterial infection is susceptible. The doctor will additionally prescribe medications to combat pain and sore throat.
- Fungal infection can be eliminated with antifungal drugs. The pediatrician will also prescribe symptomatic treatment.
Attention! Self-medication is fraught with the development of complications and/or the disease becoming chronic. Contact your pediatrician to determine the cause of pharyngitis and appropriate selection of medications.
Concerned parents, looking for an answer to the question of how to treat their child, forget about three rules:
- Diet. Eliminate from the children's diet everything that irritates the mucous membrane: seasonings, fried, smoked, sour, bitter, hot and cold.
- Drink plenty of fluids. Dehydration complicates treatment. Therefore, give your baby fruit drinks and decoctions. medicinal herbs, compotes and .
- Air humidity. Buy a humidifier or place a wide container of water near the battery. But you shouldn’t create a steam room at home either.
If a child chronically suffers from diseases of the ENT organs, you cannot do without a humidifier in the house.
For pharyngitis the following is prescribed:
- Syrups, mixtures or cough tablets (Broncholitin, Pertusin,).
- Aerosols for pain (Kameton, Proposol).
- Tablets, syrups or suspensions for temperature ( Children's paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Nurofen).
Only a specialist can prescribe medications.
- Homeopathic medicines and immunomodulators (Aflubin, Anaferon).
- Mineral and vitamin complexes (Complivit, Alphabet) and vitamin C to improve the body's resistance to infections.
Attention! In case of allergic pharyngitis, eliminate the baby's contact with the allergen.
Dr. Komarovsky claims that you can quickly eliminate the symptoms of pharyngitis using folk remedies:
- Gargling with salt water (gargle as often as possible). For a glass of warm water - a teaspoon of salt.
Frequent rinsing promotes active recovery.
- Rinse with chlorhexidine.
- Rinse with decoctions of chamomile and calendula.
- Mustard in socks (feet should be dry).
Inhalations made with the help help. Infants wear a mask while sleeping; older children are asked to inhale the vapor using a special mouthpiece. As inhalation agent Decoctions of chamomile and calendula are suitable (anti-inflammatory effect). Antiseptic property possess: chlorhexidine, miramistin. Solutions with essential oils mint and juniper.
Unfortunately, many children today suffer from diseases of the ENT organs. The crisis occurs in autumn-winter. In order not to stuff children with medications, many doctors prescribe it to children for the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases. This has a positive effect on respiratory system and has a beneficial effect on the body as a whole.
Consequences and complications
If pharyngitis is treated incorrectly and untimely, the infection spreads to the lower respiratory tract. Bronchitis develops. As the disease progresses, the lungs become inflamed.
If the disease affects the lungs, children may be sent to hospital.
Consequences in the absence of treatment: atrophy of the mucous, glandular and lymphoid tissues. To restore health you will need surgical intervention. In advanced cases, children are treated in a hospital setting.
Prevention of pharyngitis
To prevent pharyngitis:
- enrich your child’s diet with foods high in vitamins;
- Give vitamins in winter and early spring;
- go for a walk, dressing for the weather;
Long walks strengthen children and strengthen their immune system.
- ventilate the children's room;
- maintain air humidity within 50-70%;
- harden your baby from birth.
Since pharyngitis in most cases is infectious in nature, avoid contact with sick children. And if your baby is sick, quarantine.
Moms share their experiences
Ksenia, 31 years old:
“My daughter is 2 years old. She lost her appetite, her sleep was disturbed, and she often cried. Since she could not yet express her condition in words, I transferred all the arrows to her teeth. But they started to appear late in our life - by the age of one year. But the condition only worsened, and... I called a doctor to my house. It turned out - pharyngitis! After taking a throat smear, it turned out that the disease had viral nature. The doctor prescribed a list of medications, and within a week the daughter recovered. Mommies! Don’t be afraid to consult a doctor, the health of the children is more important.”
Natalya, 35 years old:
“Every summer, my son (now 3 years old) suffers from streptoderma since birth. Your immune system is probably weak. Streptococcus also affected the throat - pharyngitis developed in the middle of summer. The pediatrician recommended an antibiotic: Flemoxin Solutab. Expensive, but reviews about it are good. I bought it. My son took the pills for a whole week. During this time, the symptoms of pharyngitis and streptoderma disappeared. And there was no dysbacteriosis at all - this fact was a pleasant surprise.”
Valentina, 46 years old:
“I am against taking medications, because I am sure that they cure one thing and cripple another. Therefore, I treated my children’s colds with pharyngitis exclusively folk ways. Helps very well with a spoon butter and honey at night. And at the first symptoms of the disease, I force the children to inhale the aroma of chopped onions. The next day they won’t even sneeze.”
Pharyngitis is no worse than a simple cold, which goes away in just a week. But when improper treatment or its absence develop serious complications up to pneumonia and destruction of pharyngeal tissue. Therefore, it is important to constantly monitor the child’s health and consult a doctor at the first symptoms of illness.
Alisa Nikitina
4 246
Most of us have been through a ton unpleasant procedures, which in childhood our mothers and grandmothers used to relieve us of colds. Warm drinks for children and rather tasteless mixtures, decoctions with folk recipes, a variety of inhalations over boiled potatoes in combination with a prickly woolen scarf around the neck, in their opinion, were supposed to make the child healthy and cheerful once and for all. But the desired is not always achievable, so the pain in the throat with each case of hypothermia, the symptoms appeared again and again, it was pharyngitis. This was often accompanied by nasal discharge and other symptoms of discomfort in the nasopharynx.
These are the phenomena of nasopharyngitis in children familiar to every local pediatrician, the treatment of which Dr. Komarovsky very carefully and accurately describes in his television lectures. And you definitely need to pay attention to this. Considering that nasopharyngitis is quite unpleasant disease, the symptoms of which may not be particularly striking, you should pay very close attention to your child’s well-being. Such sluggish nasopharyngitis in children, treatment of which may be unsystematic or based on traditions, becomes quite dangerous in terms of complications.
Some details about nasopharyngitis
Your child was cheerful, cheerful and energetic just last night, but in the morning you cannot get him out of bed to get him ready to go to kindergarten or school. Symptoms - cough with poor sputum rejection, runny nose and enlarged submandibular lymph nodes in combination with nagging pain in the back of the head indicate that this is blooming granulosa pharyngitis and in your child treatment should be started immediately and treated very carefully, even if traditional methods and means.
Despite enough pronounced signs, nasopharyngitis, and this form is not at all different from the symptoms of classic pharyngitis. As is known, the surfaces of the respiratory tract in children, as in adults, are covered with mucous membranes. Normally they are moist and have body temperature; this is a fertile environment for a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria and viruses. Moreover, they enter the nasopharynx with air in huge quantities. And if the children’s body is weakened, then, settling down, they find an environment for growth and reproduction. These are the symptoms of granulosa pharyngitis - inflammation of the pharynx, as it looks in Latin. The question immediately arises of how to treat pharyngitis. folk remedies, because it is in this case that they can be the most effective first aid for a child. Thanks to people's experience Granulosa nasopharyngitis disappears quite effectively and quickly if treatment is adequate using honey and propolis, folk methods and remedies.
But in order to correctly and adequately reduce the manifestations of the disease and treat it before the doctor arrives, you need to know a little about how it proceeds and what acute or other pharyngitis is. In any case, our respected consultant Dr. Komarovsky strongly recommends an examination by a local pediatrician or a consultation with an ENT specialist, and in case of bright clinical manifestations An emergency room visit is necessary primarily for a sick child. To correctly describe the symptoms to the ambulance dispatcher, you need to know that this is a very common pathology in children in the autumn-winter period of the year and granulosa pharyngitis comes in two types:
- The most common forms of acute pharyngitis, the stages of treatment in children proceed quickly and effectively, on an outpatient basis under the supervision of an otolaryngologist. Usually the brighter clinical picture, the higher the resistance of the child’s body and the more stable the performance medical procedures.
- Chronic forms in children are characterized by a sluggish course, blurred manifestations and not bright clinical severity. That is why nasopharyngitis most often develops into complications and has catarrhal, atrophic and hypertrophic types of course.
This form is easiest for inexperienced parents not to notice the acute process and not begin to treat in time, especially if it concerns a child infancy. Therefore, you need to listen to every breath of the baby.
General symptoms and their age characteristics
It is completely logical that a child from a certain age may complain of malaise, pain and discomfort. For some, this may begin at the age of five, for others at three or earlier, but the baby is already drawing your attention to his well-being. But a baby up to a year old can be ill unnoticed and in a hidden form. Therefore, it is very important that the manifestations of pharyngitis, its symptoms and treatment in infants are quite unique and are as follows.
- Poor sleep, loss of appetite, frequent regurgitation after eating.
- Anxiety, tearfulness and spontaneous rises in temperature.
- Upon superficial examination near the light source, you can see redness and swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.
These are obvious symptoms of the onset of the disease and a reason to call a local doctor and begin treatment. No matter how simple and insignificant this acute process may seem to young mothers, the famous doctor Komarovsky does not recommend resorting to active self-medication, even with proven folk herbs and other remedies, but to seek help from a children's clinic. In older children, nasopharyngitis and its symptoms can be very different, but usually they are brighter and more obvious if it is granulosa pharyngitis.
Therefore, identifying pharyngitis in children and its treatment is very important point and in the overwhelming majority of cases it directly depends on how attentive the adults around him are to the baby’s health.
Treatment methods and their effectiveness
In order to achieve a good treatment result, you must initially correctly focus on the etiology, symptoms and individual characteristics of the child’s body. First of all, the list of treatment procedures should include a variety of rinses folk remedies and means, decoctions and infusions of herbs that allow you to wash away excess mucous formations that the child cannot cough up or blow his nose. This is very important element, after all, therapy for pharyngitis in children, treatment according to Komarovsky involves, first of all, getting rid of pathological discharge. A decoction of chamomile, calendula, eucalyptus, sea water or 1% solution of furatsilin. Very effective treatment aerosol preparations with iodine and antibiotics, which are applied by irrigating the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. Children really like medications to relieve inflammation, made in the form of sweet lollipops, lozenges, and candies. It is this part of the treatment that usually does not cause any negative emotions in young patients. Positive result provides a combination of medicinal techniques with the use of physiotherapeutic procedures. In complicated cases or with severe manifestations of a viral infection, the doctor prescribes treatment more aggressively, this may be taking antibiotics in the form of capsules or tablets, very rarely by injection.
What is the approach to a child during treatment?
Perhaps this does not seem important enough for young and inexperienced mothers, but as our popular doctor Komarovsky says, even treatment should bring joy to the child. It is with positive psychological emotions that medications, drugs and procedures will be most effective. And this is an immutable truth; before starting to treat pharyngitis in young children, psychologists advise motivating this rather unpleasant process. How? Very simple. For a child, the whole world is centered around one of the adults, mom, dad or grandparents. Therefore, the most effective method will show the baby how to treat nasopharyngitis well and is pleasant for mom after rinsing the throat and nose, fun and cool for dad after inhalation or grandfather from an anti-inflammatory pill. Involve the elements of the game, and the treatment will go in a different direction; you will not need to bring your baby and yourself to this point several times a day. nervous breakdowns. These are the secrets of successful pediatrics.
Prevention or how to avoid pharyngitis
Let's turn to our respected doctor Komarovsky, who focuses on preventing diseases in children. No one has yet been able to refute the well-known truth that prevention is better than cure. Today there is a whole branch called preventive medicine. Its principles and means are to harden the child from the very beginning. early age, optimization of physical activity and healthy eating. Full use of all recreational and walking conditions at any time of the year. This could be a beach on a nearby river, a seashore, an autumn park, or winter Games In the snow. The main thing is that everything is in moderation and in accordance with the age of your baby.
And then you won’t have to prepare rinses, buy inhalers and tablets, look at your son or daughter’s illness and monitor the temperature. The health of the child is the best result.
Children of any age encounter a disease such as pharyngitis at least once. In most cases, it is viral in nature. But there are frequent cases of more serious diseases of the upper respiratory tract, untimely treatment which can lead to complications.
Pharyngitis: basic concepts and types
Pharyngitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa and lymphoid tissue.
With pharyngitis, the throat looks red and swollen
Distinguish the following types pharyngitis depending on the cause:
- viral;
- bacterial;
- allergic;
- traumatic;
- fungal;
- pharyngitis that occurs in response to irritation (chemical, thermal, mechanical).
The types of pharyngitis are distinguished by their nature:
- spicy;
- chronic.
Common symptoms of pharyngitis:
- increased body temperature;
- pain and sore throat;
- redness of the back of the throat;
- dry cough;
- enlarged cervical lymph nodes;
- weakness, lethargy.
Viral
Table: causes and possible complications of viral pharyngitis
Causes | Symptoms | At-risk groups | Complications | |
| Rhinovirus | Damage to the nasal mucosa. Profuse runny nose (watery-serous), malaise, chills, body aches, coughing, swelling of the nasal mucosa, elevated body temperature. The mucous membrane of the palatine tonsils is swollen. In children under one year of age, there is a lack of appetite and restless behavior. | From 6 months. | Tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis and sinusitis (in case of infection). | |
| Flu | Damage to the trachea and bronchi. Hacking cough, heat, mild runny nose, diarrhea, drowsiness, poor appetite. | From birth. | Bronchiolitis (for children of the first year of life). Diseases of cardio-vascular system, hemorrhagic syndrome(bleeding of mucous membranes) due to severe intoxication. |
|
| Parainfluenza | Damage to the larynx and trachea. Painful cough hoarse voice, temperature, general weakness, sleep and appetite disturbances. | Sore throat, pneumonia, otitis and sinusitis in the presence of a bacterial infection. | ||
| Adenovirus infection | Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, lymphoid tissue. The tonsils are swollen, there are whitish-yellow coatings and films. Moist cough. | From 6 months to 5-7 years. Almost everyone experiences this disease at least once. | Pneumonia, croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), laryngeal stenosis (narrowing of the lumen of the larynx). | |
| Herpes virus | Virus herpes simplex 1 type | Damage to the mucous membranes and gums (oropharyngeal herpes). Plaque or erosion on back wall pharynx and palatine tonsils. Intoxication, fever, enlarged cervical lymph nodes. | From 6 months to 3 years. | Meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain) with HSV2, neuritis, complications on many organs and systems. |
| Herpes simplex virus type 2 | Up to 3 years. | |||
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) | Nasal congestion, nosebleeds, hearing loss, sore throat and headache. | From birth. | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (tumor), gammaherpesvirus Infectious mononucleosis, mononucleosis caused by EBV ( viral disease characterized by pharyngitis, elevated temperature and enlarged lymph nodes, sometimes enlarged liver, spleen, rash), immunodeficiency due to a hereditary defective response to EBV. |
|
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Increased body temperature, chills, general malaise and severe headache. | With congenital CMV: minimal brain dysfunction, developmental delay, neurosis-like disorders. If infected during a blood transfusion: cytomegalovirus mononucleosis-like syndrome, or mononucleosis caused by CMV. Damage to the lungs, cardiovascular system, etc. |
||
| HIV-1 | Pharyngitis due to viral immunodeficiency. | Damage to the central nervous system. | ||
| Viruses Coxsackieviruses A and B | About half of children do not have them. In the acute form, redness of the pharynx, tonsils, and blisters may be observed. | Meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, hepatitis, etc. | ||
Bacterial
The main cause of bacterial pharyngitis (sore throat) is streptococcal infection.
Unlike viral pharyngitis, with bacterial pharyngitis, high temperature (up to 39 °C) is the most typical manifestation. Other symptoms are similar. In infants, it is accompanied by nasopharyngeal discharge, fever and irritation around the nostrils.
Risk groups: any age.
Complications may include pneumonia, bronchitis, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (kidney disease caused by streptococcus), myocarditis and other rheumatic diseases.
For bacterial pharyngitis, it is necessary to take a throat swab
Allergic
The environmental situation, as well as various irritants, can cause allergic pharyngitis.
Symptoms:
- cough;
- a sore throat;
- swelling of the throat;
- nasal congestion.
Risk groups: any age.
Complication: abscess, pneumonia, chronic pharyngitis, kidney inflammation, rheumatic diseases.
Pharyngitis that occurs in response to irritation
This is inflammation that occurs in response to irritants:
- mechanical (for example, candy);
- thermal (for a hot drink);
- chemical (smoke);
- hypothermia (inhaling frosty air through the mouth).
Symptoms:
- pain when swallowing;
- swelling or burn of the pharynx.
Risk groups: any age.
Complications: mucosal injury, respiratory tract diseases.
Fungal
Symptoms:
- cough;
- tingling in the throat;
- elevated temperature;
- general malaise;
- pain in the throat when swallowing.
Risk groups: any age.
Complications: rhinitis, otitis.
Chronic
Table: types and symptoms of chronic pharyngitis
Chronic pharyngitis in children is a rare occurrence and can occur with an untreated viral or infectious disease, as well as with stomach diseases.
Manifestation of pharyngitis in diphtheria
Symptoms of diphtheria begin to manifest themselves in the same way as at the onset of ARVI: slight increase fever, slightly sore throat, no runny nose. On the second day, plaque appears on the tonsils. Light color gradually changes to gray. A dense film is formed.
Complications: myocarditis, nephrosis, polyneuritis.
Diphtheria bacillus can be detected only after taking a swab from the throat or nose.
At-risk groups
Most types of pharyngitis can occur in children of different ages.
As a rule, an adenoid infection, which contributes to the occurrence of viral pharyngitis, appears between the ages of 6 months and 5-7 years. Almost all children experience this disease at least once.
Most pharyngitis that occurs in children is viral. Symptomatic treatment is prescribed, without taking antibiotics.
- drinking plenty of fluids;
- ventilation of the room;
- nasal rinsing;
- air humidification.
If a bacterial sore throat is suspected, it is necessary to take a throat swab for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. This will be one of the main factors in deciding whether an antibiotic is needed.
http://forums.rusmedserv.com/showthread.php?t=25432
Video: Doctor Komarovsky about ARVI and various manifestations of viral and infectious diseases
So, if a sore throat is accompanied by a runny nose, then in most cases it is a viral infection. If there is no nasal discharge, then in this case you should not postpone your visit to the doctor, as we may be talking about more serious illness: for example, about a bacterial infection caused by streptococcus.
- dry warm compress on the throat;
- resorption of lozenges (for older people);
- steam inhalations;
- rinsing warm water.
- steam inhalations;
- dry heat on the neck.
Depending on the type of pharyngitis and the nature of its origin, appropriate treatment is prescribed.
Medications
Table: drugs and instructions for their use
Group of drugs | Medicine | Treatment regimen | Indications | Contraindications | Approved for use in children |
Vitamins | Ascorbic acid | Take orally after meals. | Vitamin deficiency, chronic colds |
| From birth |
Mucolytics | ACC granules | Dissolve in a glass of hot water. | Short-term colds, for sputum removal | Serious violations in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. | |
ACC syrup | Inside after meals. | Fructose intolerance. Serious disorders in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. | |||
Antiseptics | Lysobacter | Slowly dissolve, without chewing, until completely dissolved. Keep it in your mouth for as long as possible. | Herpetic pharyngitis | Lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency. | |
Hexoral (spray) | Treat the affected area for 1-2 seconds. | Fungal pharyngitis | Erosive-squamous lesions of the oral mucosa. |
||
Lugol (gel) | Lubricate the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx. | Pharyngitis, cough |
| From birth |
|
Falimint (dragée) | Without chewing, keep in mouth until dissolved. | ||||
Miramistin (solution) | Irrigation of the pharynx using a spray nozzle. | From 3 years | |||
Antiseptic+antibiotic | Grammidin for children (tablets) | After eating, keep in mouth until completely dissolved. After taking, do not drink or eat for 1-2 hours. | Phenylketonuria (disorder of amino acid metabolism). | ||
Antitussive drug | Sinekod (drops) | Inside before meals. | |||
Sinekod (syrup) | |||||
Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents | Inhalipt (aerosol) | Rinse your mouth with boiled water. Spray in the mouth for 1-2 seconds. | |||
Faringosept (tablets) | Dissolve without chewing. | ||||
Yoks-teva (spray) | One injection to the right and left into the oral cavity and pharynx. | Bacterial (streptococcal) pharyngitis |
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Furacilin (tablets) | Gargling with a solution. | Sore throat, otitis media, bacterial and viral pharyngitis | From 3 years of age (or from the age when the child can gargle himself) |
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Softening, pain-relieving tablets | Strepsils (tablets) | Dissolve without chewing. | Pharyngitis, cough | ||
Neo-angin (tablets) | Dissolve every 2-3 hours until completely dissolved. | ||||
Antibiotics | Fuzafyungin (Bioparox) | Locally for release in the mouth and/or nasal passage. | Infectious and inflammatory diseases (pharyngitis, nasopharyngitis) | Predisposition to allergic reactions and bronchospasm. | |
Framycetin (drops) | Instill into the nasal passage at intervals of 2-3 hours. | From birth |
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Amoxicillin (tablets) | Take orally. |
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Erythromycin (tablets) | 1 hour before meals or 2-3 hours after meals. After the symptoms disappear, take it for 2 days. | Diphtheria | Liver dysfunction, jaundice. | ||
Azithromycin (tablets) | Take orally. | Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract and their complications | |||
Suprax (suspension) | From 6 months |
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Suprax (capsules) | Renal dysfunction. | ||||
Immunostimulating | Imudon (tablets) | Dissolve the tablets until completely dissolved. | Fungal pharyngitis | Autoimmune diseases. | |
Homeopathic | Aconite-plus (dragée) | 30 minutes before meals or an hour after meals or in between meals. Dissolve without chewing. | ARVI, accompanied by cough and pharyngitis | ||
Bryonia (ointment) | Rub followed by a warm wrap. | Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and joints | From birth | ||
| Phytolacca-plus (granules) | 30 minutes before or 1 hour after meals, also possible in between meals. | Acute pharyngitis |
A general contraindication for all medications is increased sensitivity to their components.
Dosages and duration of use of drugs are determined only by a doctor!
Treatment of catarrhal, granulosa and atrophic pharyngitis
Chronic pharyngitis in children is a rare occurrence. As a rule, it manifests itself as undertreated acute form, and also as a consequence of stomach diseases.
Catarrhal (simple) pharyngitis is treated similarly to viral pharyngitis: rinses (for example, 1% sodium chloride solution), medications (not antibiotics!), and homeopathy. Homeopathy is used in conjunction with conservative methods treatment and is aimed at stimulating internal forces body to fight disease.
Granular pharyngitis also treated with rinsing, vitamins and medications. It is often prescribed to cauterize the granules with iodine. Also exclude from the diet foods that can cause irritation of the mucous membrane. Sometimes surgery is required.
Atrophic pharyngitis, As a rule, they are treated with everything that other types of chronic disease are treated with. Additionally, antiseptics, antibiotics, immunostimulants are prescribed, as well as laser treatment, physiotherapy, etc.
There are also such methods for treating colds and infectious diseases accompanied by pharyngitis, such as:
- physiotherapy for inflammatory diseases (UHF, diathermy, magnetic therapy, helium-neon laser);
- quartzing;
- mud therapy;
- electro- and phonophoresis of vitamins, iodine preparations, hydrocortisone;
- treatment of the stomach (as one of the causes of chronic pharyngitis).
Folk remedies
One of the most basic methods of treatment is gargling with warm water to moisturize the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and tonsils. According to Dr. Komarovsky, it does not matter whether any herbal tea, since the main factor in treating a sore throat is precisely warm water. But when viral infections rinsing does not have a pronounced therapeutic effect.
Video: how to gargle a sore throat
Folk recipes
Gargling is only possible if the child can already do it on his own.
- Soda solution: 1 teaspoon of baking soda is dissolved in 1 glass of warm water.
- Soda, salt and iodine solution: 1 tsp. soda, 1 tsp. salt and 2 drops of iodine in 1 glass of warm water.
- Herbal decoctions: Add 1 tbsp to 0.5 liters of water. l. sage and plantain (can be replaced with chamomile, calendula flowers or thyme). Boil for 15 minutes and add 1 tbsp. l. honey and a pinch citric acid. Rinse your throat with the decoction 3-4 times.
- Diluted Kalanchoe juice: 1 tbsp. l. Dilute Kalanchoe with a glass of warm water.
- Gargling can be combined with warming the feet in the bath, if there is no elevated temperature.
- Treatment of cough due to pharyngitis can be carried out in the following way: dissolve 3 mucaltin tablets in 100 ml of hot milk and add 2 drops of iodine. Take 10 days before bedtime.
- Inhalations (or aroma lamps).
- A recipe made from honey, grated apple and onion is suitable as an immunostimulating agent: mix the ingredients in equal proportions and consume 1 tbsp. l. before meals 3 times a day.
Photo gallery: alternative medicine
Inhalations will help relieve nasal congestion 
Soda solution is one of the most popular means throat treatment 
Honey and lemon are the strongest immunostimulants 
For children under one year old, not all of the above recipes may be suitable. Since it is not possible for a baby to gargle, one of the general recommendations the following can be distinguished:
- Drink plenty of warm water or chamomile decoction.
Possible complications and methods of treating them
Viral pharyngitis, usually with symptomatic treatment does not cause complications. Pharyngitis of infectious origin poses a great danger:
- Retropharyngeal, or retropharyngeal, abscess is common in young children. This purulent inflammation loose fiber between the fascia (connective tissue membrane) of the pharyngeal muscles and the prevertebral plate of the cervical fascia. Treatment is done by opening the abscess to remove the pus. After opening, gargling is prescribed antiseptic drugs and antibacterial therapy.
- Peritonsillar abscess. It is a purulent disease between the wall of the pharynx and palatine tonsil. Treatment is with antibiotics or surgery by opening the abscess and then removing the pus.
- Sore throat, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis Sore throat is a viral disease that can be treated like ARVI. If the cause is a bacterial infection, then antibiotics are prescribed. Meningitis is usually treated with antibiotics, antiviral agents. For otitis, depending on the type and severity of the disease, it is recommended antibacterial ointments(for otitis externa), warm compresses, physical therapy, antibiotics, painkillers, or surgery (incision to remove pus). Acute sinusitis is characterized by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Antibacterial therapy is carried out with the prescription of antibiotics. In case of purulent form, puncture is indicated. In case of acute sinusitis, other surgical operations may be performed. For tonsillitis (inflammation of the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils due to an infectious-inflammatory process), abundant drinking and diet are indicated. Antiseptic rinses are also prescribed, herbal decoctions, painkillers, and physical therapy. Antibiotics are used for severe form diseases. IN as a last resort Surgery is performed to remove the tonsils.
- Side effects after taking antibiotics (including an allergic reaction).
- Rheumatic diseases: post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, myocarditis and others. They, in turn, give complications to the kidneys and heart. Rheumatism is treated using anti-inflammatory drugs. These diseases do not occur in children under 3-5 years of age. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is treated in a hospital subject to the following conditions: bed rest, rest, warmth, diet (to reduce blood pressure). Antibacterial therapy is also prescribed. Myocarditis is treated in a hospital, subject to bed rest. Cardiotonic drugs and cardiac stimulation are prescribed. In severe cases - glucocorticosteroids.
But large-scale qualitative studies have shown that prescribing antibiotics penicillin series when treating an infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (not only tonsillitis), no later than the 9th day of illness, for a course of at least 10 days, protects against the development of rheumatic complications.
Sergey Aleksandrovich Butriy, pediatrician
http://forums.rusmedserv.com/showpost.php?p=1513099&postcount=4
Treatment is carried out only in a hospital setting. Sometimes surgery may be necessary.
In most cases, pharyngitis occurs against the background of acute respiratory viral infection and is treated symptomatically. It is necessary to monitor the child’s condition and exclude bacterial infection and the likelihood of further complications, and if treatment and preventive measures are ineffective, be sure to consult a doctor.
Pharyngitis is an inflammatory disease that primarily affects the mucous membranes of the pharynx and causes an increase in the volume of the lymph nodes. The disease has acute, subacute and chronic form leakage. Pharyngitis is characterized by symptoms such as:
- moist cough;
- chills;
- a sore throat;
- general weakness;
- elevated temperature;
- dry mouth, etc.
The presence of certain symptoms, as well as the degree of their severity, depend on the stage of the disease. To treat pharyngitis, doctors usually prescribe medications and procedures based on the form of the disease.
Treatment of pharyngitis in children at home should be carried out strictly with the permission of an otolaryngologist and pediatrician. There should be no independence in actions, otherwise the baby can be greatly harmed. Therapeutic methods include procedures such as:
- carrying out inhalations;
- gargling (if the baby is 2 years old or older);
- providing nutrition that excludes fatty, spicy, cold, sour and salty foods;
- providing the child with plenty of warm drinks, etc.
Children under two years of age do not know how to gargle properly. In this case, a nebulizer comes to the rescue. Inhalations have no less therapeutic effect than rinsing, especially if herbal infusions are used.
In addition to the above procedures, at home, the child can be given honey with lemon and red pepper, rinses with beet juice and with juice Kalanchoe plants, infusion of garlic, onion juice, decoction of blueberries and sage, etc.
Komarovsky on the treatment of pharyngitis in children
Komarovsky is a well-known pediatrician whose opinion is listened to by thousands of parents. The doctor has extensive experience treating children of all ages, so his advice is always very valuable to mothers and fathers of children. Regarding pharyngitis, Komarovsky also has his own opinion. The doctor recommends starting treatment for the child with the following measures:
- providing the baby with plenty of warm drinks;
- frequent ventilation of the children's room;
- exclude exposure of the child’s body to cold: enemas with cold water, rubbing with a cold towel, applying ice, etc.
- Do not rub your baby's dry skin, since they can instantly absorb the products that are used for rubbing (vodka, vinegar, etc.);
- Finally, it is necessary to take the child to the hospital for a throat swab and blood test ( general analysis) to determine the causative agent of the disease.
Treatment of pharyngitis in children Komarovsky prohibits the child from constantly taking antipyretic drugs. These remedies do not treat the disease itself, but only help overcome one of the symptoms - fever.
Also the doctor is against self-treatment child. Without knowing the cause of the disease and its specific pathogen, it is impossible to prescribe high-quality, complete treatment to the baby. Only an otolaryngologist should prescribe a therapeutic course of taking certain medications after receiving all the necessary tests for the child. Pharyngitis is not unduly serious and dangerous disease— complications that arise after an illness due to inadequate treatment can be dangerous and serious.
Dr. Komarovsky encourages mothers and fathers to be more attentive to the doctor’s instructions, to give their children only those medications and in the dosage prescribed by the attending physician.
Do not reduce or increase the dose of drugs, stop treating the child prematurely, or 
on the contrary, stretch it out over a longer period.
Preventive measures
In order for the baby to always be healthy from pharyngitis, Dr. Komarovsky advises carrying out simple preventive actions. These include:
- removing items from the apartment that can accumulate large amounts of dust;
- hardening the baby;
- installing air humidifiers or other sources of humidification in the children's room;
- include garlic in your child’s diet onion- these are some of the most effective products, fighting pathogenic microbes and bacteria;
- Change your baby's toothbrush frequently, which can accumulate over time. great amount germs (it is necessary to change it after the baby has suffered from an illness);
- provide the baby with constant care ascorbic acid or feed your baby more often with foods containing vitamin C;
- Provide the child with a constant intake of vitamins.
Komarovsky recommends starting treatment of pharyngitis in children from the very moment the baby’s first symptoms of the disease appear: the baby complains of a sore throat, has become lethargic, has abandoned his favorite toys, has a fever, etc. The sooner treatment begins, the faster baby will recover and be able to avoid unpleasant complications.
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