Human biorhythmology. Biorhythms in human life are the most famous biorhythms and cycles. The dependence of human life on biorhythms

Great amount Speculation exists around biorhythms. In this article we will talk about biological rhythms from a scientific point of view, learn about what they are, what their nature is and their role in our lives.

Rhythm is the repetition of an event in biological system at more or less regular intervals. Biorhythmology, or chronobiology, studies biorhythms. This science studies periodic processes occurring at all levels of organization of living matter: from an individual cell of our body to society as a whole. For billions of years, living organisms have adapted to the conditions of existence, changing the temporary organization of the work of their organ systems. This allowed them to better adapt to changing living conditions, survive and live.

Unity in Diversity

Biorhythms can be divided into several groups:

according to the temporal characteristics of the rhythm - after what periods certain changes occur;
according to where this rhythm is observed - in a cell, an organ or the entire organism;
by rhythm function.

Biological rhythms can cover a very wide range of time periods - from a fraction of a second to tens of years. Periodic changes in the body can be caused by both purely external reasons (for example, the seasonal exacerbation of chronic diseases, well known to doctors), and internal processes (heart rhythm). The first type of biorhythms is called exogenous (external), the second - endogenous (internal).

As a rule, biorhythms can vary enormously in the duration of their period, as in different people, and in animals. However, there are four main rhythms, the periods of which practically do not change. They are associated with processes occurring in nature: tides, day and night, phases of the moon, seasons. They retain their periodicity, even if the body is placed outside the influence of periodic factors. Thus, scientists conducted experiments to study the circadian rhythm in humans. A group of volunteers descended into a deep cave so that people could not in any way feel the change of day and night occurring on the surface. Volunteers, provided with everything they needed, had to live in such conditions for about a week.

As a result, it turned out that people maintained the periodicity of sleep and wakefulness. Only this rhythm of activity had a period not of 24 hours, as in a normal day, but of 25 hours.

Rhythms associated with the change of day and night are called circadian, or daily rhythms (circa - translated from Latin as “about”, dies - “day”). The remaining rhythms were called perilunar, peri-tidal and periannual.

Since circadian rhythms play a major role in our lives, all other rhythms were divided in relation to them into ultradian and infradian, that is, into rhythms with a period of less than and more than 24 hours, respectively.

Ultradian rhythms, for example, include rhythms motor activity and human performance. So. performance (i.e., the effectiveness of performing some work, solving a given problem), determined simple tests like remembering incoherent syllables, depends heavily on the time of day. This happens because at different times functional state the nervous system is not the same: periods of “lethargy” are replaced by activity, increased receptivity, increased speed of nervous processes - the head is clear, thoughts are clear and definite, any work is in full swing.

Fluctuations in motor activity are associated with the rhythms of activity of the nervous system. IN different time day (during the studies, the influence of sleep and fatigue was excluded), the number of movements performed by a person will vary. After observing yourself, you can find alternating periods of activity and apathy.

Infradian rhythms include the identified three-week periodicity in endocrine system person. The existence of a 21-day rhythm in the dynamics of the production of stress hormones and sexual activity has been proven: testosterone, corticosteroids, adrenaline (with corresponding changes in the functions controlled by these hormones - revealed periodic increase sexual activity in most healthy people after 3 and 7 days).

Of the human infradian rhythms, perhaps the most studied is the cyclical functioning of the female body, the duration of which is approximately equal to a lunar month (28 days). During menstrual cycle V female body a complex of rhythmic changes occurs: body temperature, blood sugar, body weight, and other physiological indicators. All biorhythms are closely related to each other and constantly interact, influencing each other. For example, doctors are well aware of the modulation of heart contractions by breathing: after a fast run, several slow inhalations and exhalations quickly normalize the heart rate. Hourly rhythms change under the influence of daily rhythms, and daily rhythms change under the influence of annual rhythms.

Why do we need " The biological clock»?

The functions of biorhythms are extremely diverse and very important for the functioning of the body. Transfer of information in some nerve cells depends on changes in the frequency of their impulses; the correct functioning of our heart is ensured by pacemakers; peri-daily, peri-lunar, peri-tidal and peri-annual rhythms serve for maximum adaptation of the body to periodic changes environment, to coordinate the processes occurring in the body with the processes of the surrounding world.

By repeating natural cycles in their biorhythms, a person receives a tool for measuring time - the so-called biological clock. Our nature is amazingly rhythmic, amazingly repeatable. This repeatability and predictability of phenomena makes possible life itself, which internalizes this natural rhythm. Biological clocks count not only absolute time - hours and days, but also the very duration of our lives.

In a newborn, sleep and wakefulness alternate every 3-4 hours. All baby biorhythms have the same periodicity. Then there is a gradual adjustment for a period of 24 hours, and with it the determination of the personality type (“night owl”/“lark”).

Our biological rhythms are most stable between the ages of 20 and 50. Then changes begin to occur (“night owls” become similar to “larks” and vice versa), rhythms change their periodicity, failures often occur, and it becomes increasingly difficult for a person to reconfigure under the influence of external factors. The more regularly our watches run, the higher our chances of longevity.

Daily routine is not a luxury

It is known that the rhythm of a person’s performance is influenced by such factors as motivation, work environment and mental characteristics. Based on the above, we can give some recommendations.

It is important to observe yourself: when do you do best? creative work, and when - purely mechanical, and plan your working day accordingly, highlighting the time when you complete the bulk of the tasks. Of course, we don’t always choose a job according to our wishes; not every job matches our rhythms 100%. However, you should not aggravate this imbalance with your own disorganization. This is why you need at least a rough daily routine. Rhythms human body can adapt to external influences- it is only important that they also have a certain periodicity.

How much sleep do you need?

The minimum sleep for an adult is 4.5 hours a day. A long-term decrease in sleep time leads to a significant reduction in performance. Scientists have also shown that prolonged sleep restriction lengthens the time of unrestricted sleep - remember how we get 11 hours of sleep after a hard week of work.

However, it is important to note that people's need for sleep is highly individual. For example, Winston Churchill needed 4 hours of sleep a day and a little sleep in fits and starts during the day, and Albert Einstein loved to sleep - up to 10 hours every day. It should also be remembered that the duration of sleep should be longer during intense work, especially mental work, or during nervous overstrain, which can include pregnancy. Maintaining wakefulness and sleep patterns sets a normal basis for other biological rhythms.

Biorhythms in medicine

Biological rhythms have great importance in medicine, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, since the body’s response to any impact depends on the phase of the circadian rhythm. Thus, when mice are injected with a toxin coli at the end of the resting phase (when all vital signs are reduced) mortality was 80%, and if the injection was carried out in the middle of the activity phase (at increased rates), then the mortality rate was less than 20%.

For humans, the dependence of the action of drugs on the circadian biorhythm has been clearly established. For example, the effect of tooth pain relief is most pronounced in the period from 12 to 18 hours of the day. And the pain sensitivity threshold at this time is one and a half times higher than at night, and numbness as a result of anesthesia lasts several times longer. That is why it is quite reasonable to visit the dentist not early in the morning, but in the afternoon. It can be assumed that labor pain also has a different threshold depending on the time of day. But these phenomena have not yet been studied by scientists.

The study of the rhythms of the human body's sensitivity to drugs marked the beginning of the development of chronopharmacology. Based on knowledge of circadian biorhythms, more effective drug regimens can be developed. For example, the rhythms of blood pressure fluctuations are individual for everyone, and the effect of blood pressure-lowering drugs also depends on the time of day. Knowing these parameters, it is possible to make a more appropriate selection of medications in the treatment of hypertension, coronary disease hearts.

To prevent hypertensive crisis For people predisposed to this, medications should be taken in the evening (it is at this time that a person is most vulnerable).

At bronchial asthma It is better to take medications shortly before midnight; for peptic ulcers - morning and evening. Circadian (circadian) rhythms must also be taken into account during diagnosis, especially when quantitative indicators are used, such as body temperature, which are also subject to fluctuations during the day. It is necessary that measurements of such indicators are made in the same circadian phase.

In addition to the fact that the biorhythms of our body affect the therapeutic effect of drugs, disturbances in complex rhythms can become the causes of various diseases (dynamic diseases). To correct biorhythms, substances are used that can influence various phases of biological rhythms (chronobiotics). Medicinal plants Leuzea and angelica, coffee and tea, eleutherococcus, pine extracts are daily chronobiotics that act on daily biorhythms; valerian, oregano, hops, peppermint, peony root - night chronobiotics.

About "owls" and "larks"

Now let's look at the rhythms of performance. Undoubtedly, the question of how our performance changes depending on the time of day is very important. The history of studying this problem goes back more than a hundred years, but still much remains unclear, and the conclusions often do not allow making specific recommendations. What is known today? It has been reliably established that performance really depends greatly on the time of day. This addiction can be very different. Thus, in some cases, a morning peak of increased performance and an afternoon decline are noted. On the other hand, Bekhterev believed that in the morning everything mental processes people are slowed down, and in the evening - accelerated. And studies using a test for rapid information processing also found a peak of performance around 21 hours. A study of the performance of schoolchildren who were asked to perform simple arithmetic calculations revealed two peaks of activity: morning (around 11 a.m.) and evening (in the afternoon). A slight decline was observed around 12 am and in the afternoon. It has also been proven that the maximums and minimums of performance also depend on the type of work: purely mechanical performance of some tasks or work requiring intellectual effort. Although short-term memory occurs best in the morning, long-term memory functioned best when students were presented with memory material in the afternoon. So information that was memorized in the evening, in a calm environment, is best absorbed.

The above data, however, can in no way indicate the benefits of night vigils - for example, typical for students before a session. Information memorized in this way will very soon evaporate from memory. And attempts to learn six months’ worth of material in a week will lead to a change in the rhythms of performance.

After such a shake-up, it is quite difficult to get back into a rut. After all, a person needs healthy food lasting at least 7 hours a day. However, sometimes this can lead to the emergence of a new, peculiar rhythm - an alternation of “rush work” and “relaxation”.

Most performance rhythms can be divided into three classes:

1) continuous increase in performance throughout most of the day;

2) morning rise, after which a decline occurs;

3) morning maximum performance, a decrease in the afternoon and another peak in the afternoon. As a rule, typical “night owls” and “larks” are characterized by classes 1 and 2 of performance rhythms, while the majority have two performance maximums.

Conceptions by... seasons

There is also no doubt that humans have periannual rhythms. The most interesting data is about conceptions. The figures indicate that the maximum conceptions occur at the end of May - July, but over time the annual fluctuations become less and less pronounced. This happens due to the development of civilization and improvement of living conditions. Most people become less dependent on the weather and annual temperature fluctuations. Thus, scientists believe that the maximum conception occurs at the end of May precisely because by this time the temperature reaches + 18 ° C, which is considered “optimal” for conception (according to researchers).

But with the advent of central heating and the possibility all year round receiving fresh vegetables and fruits, with the creation of a variety of vitamin supplements and other things that make our lives easier, a person’s dependence on external conditions is decreasing. We are witnessing how the development of material culture eliminates the rhythm-forming influence of natural factors. Indeed, in addition to temperature, annual rhythms are set by both the length of daylight hours and the composition sunlight. And with the advent of lamps daylight With IF lamps we can receive the rays of light and heat we are missing. However, we cannot completely eliminate the influence of natural factors on our life activity, which is confirmed by seasonal mood swings (seasonal depression).

Sleep and biorhythms

Another important indicator of the activity of the human body is our sleep. What is sleep from a scientific point of view, what is its connection with biorhythms?

First of all, it should be noted that sleep is not a passive state that occurs as a result of the cessation of wakefulness, but an active process of the work of certain brain structures. During sleep, the frequency decreases breathing movements, heart rate decreases, metabolism slows down, and body temperature drops. This rhythmic fluctuation of physiological parameters is very important for the proper functioning of our body; it determines our health.

There are two phases of sleep - slow and fast (paradoxical). For phase REM sleep characterized by rapid eye movements (25 times per minute) and brain activity, as in a state of sleep. In the first half of the night, deep, slow-wave sleep with short episodes of REM sleep predominates, and in the second half of the night, shallow sleep with significant periods (20-30 minutes) of REM sleep predominates. Up to 5 cycles of sleep phase changes can occur per night. In the first half of the night, a person is dominated by slow, deep sleep. in the second half - shallow sleep with significant periods of REM sleep.

It is during the REM sleep phase that dreams can occur. At this time, the activity of the areas of the brain responsible for the perception of visual images increases: a person does not see anything with his eyes, it is only the memory of the brain, its internal images. Scientists believe that dreams are a physiologically useful process that maintains the functional state of the nervous system, clearing the memory of unnecessary things. The frequency of dreams may increase during illnesses, difficult life situations associated with increased nervous tension. The famous physiologist Sechenov called dreams “unprecedented combinations of experienced impressions.” Active work the brain does not stop at night, it is only transferred from the conscious area to the subconscious, which combines the events of the day in its own way. Therefore, in the morning we sometimes find successful solutions to problems that troubled us the day before. There is a hypothesis that we dream every night, but remember only a small part.

The alternation of periods of sleep and wakefulness is one of the most important human rhythms; it largely determines our state of health. So, it is during sleep, in its first hours, that growth hormone is released into the blood. In the waking state, its level is usually low. The release of this hormone also occurs during the afternoon nap. This is why it is so important to observe a daily routine for children; it is not without reason that they say that small children grow up in their sleep.

Finally, I again want to focus the attention of readers, especially expectant mothers, on two important principles - self-observation and daily routine. Remember that all activity and performance curves constructed by scientists are averaged, generalized from observations of large groups of volunteers. Only through self-observation can you determine your own rhythms, individual fluctuations in mood and activity, and try to adapt your daily routine as much as possible to these rhythms. People can work even on night shifts - their rhythms are adjusted, but here, too, regularity and periodicity are most important.

Only in this case can the body, its cells and tissues adapt to a certain routine, and the internal clock fulfill its role: count down the time allotted to us for a full and healthy life.

Biorhythm is the cyclical phenomena of the life activity of any living organism. A person has three of them: physical, emotional and intellectual. The presence of biorhythms does not depend on a person’s race, nationality, social status or location. Their number and duration are the same for everyone.

In addition, all human rhythms are coordinated with the change of day and night.

Throughout our lives, from birth, we are accompanied by three biorhythms, moving like slow internal clock:

Physical rhythm (duration - 23 days);
- emotional rhythm (duration - 28 days);
- intellectual rhythm (duration - 33 days).

Each of these rhythms reaches its highest phase at half its length. Then it sharply drops down, reaches the starting point (critical point), and enters a decline phase, where it reaches its lowest point. Then it goes upstairs again, where a new rhythm begins.

Critical days have special significance for each biorhythm. They mark a critical time, which can last several hours, sometimes a whole day or even more. Their influence on the body, thoughts and feelings can be compared to the influence that climate change has or the movement of energy in one direction or another during the full moon. By the way, critical points of emotional rhythm usually occur on the day of the week when you were born.

The influence of biorhythms occurs constantly, they penetrate us, give us strength or completely deprive us of energy. All three biorhythms are related to each other and to other factors (health, age, environment, stress, etc.). The relationship between the body, feelings and spirit leads to the fact that the impact of each of them cannot be interpreted unambiguously; from this point of view, each person is individual.

PHYSICAL BIORHYTHM. Knowing your own physical biorhythm should be especially interesting for those who engage in physical labor in any form - professionally (massage therapist, dancer, builder, etc.) or, for example, in sports. Such people better feel the influence of physical biorhythm. As a rule, in the highest phase a person feels full of strength and endurance, physical work does not require much energy, everything works out, and good results can be achieved in sports. Entrepreneurship, dynamism, self-confidence and courage are also influenced by this biorhythm.

Any critical day of the physical biorhythm marks a critical time: health problems may arise, any activity requires higher concentration, when the nervous system, muscles and joints work, “sand gets into the engine.” The decline phase is characterized by a gradual loss of strength; it becomes necessary to take longer and more frequent breaks during physical activity. Last days It is better to devote the decline phases to rest in order to be able to accumulate strength. By at least, try to avoid overload on such days.

EMOTIONAL BIORHYTHM affects the strength of our feelings, internal and external perception, intuition and the ability to create. This biorhythm is especially important for those people whose professions involve communication. In the ascent phase, a person is more dynamic and tends to see only the pleasant aspects of life. He turns into an optimist. Working in contact with other people, he achieves good results and is able to do a lot of useful things.

After 14 days, on the day of the week on which the person was born (sometimes a day earlier, especially if he was born early in the morning), the critical day of the mental biorhythm begins. Sometimes the critical period does not last long, sometimes it drags on. The person feels good for nothing. A suitable “climate” for confusion and mental conflicts appears. During the downturn, bad news is perceived very differently. A person becomes a pessimist, depression and fears appear. He feels more strongly the meaninglessness of many things. And if a person’s character is not an optimist at all, then the problem becomes even more acute. On such days, especially before the end of the recession phase, self-discipline is very important; you cannot allow pessimism to get the better of you. If a child goes through this phase, then it is useless to read morals to him, this is a waste of time - it goes in one ear and out the other.

INTELLIGENT BIORHYTHM First of all, it affects the ability to work according to a plan using mental abilities. This concerns logic, intelligence, learning ability, the ability to foresee a particular event, combinatorics, internal and external orientation - in the literal sense of “presence of spirit.” Teachers, politicians, referents, journalists and writers are well aware of the “pendulum” of this biorhythm. It is easy to imagine what effect it has at the recovery stage: support for any intellectual activity, good assimilation of educational material and information. The person is able to concentrate. If you attend a professional development seminar, it will be much more beneficial during the up phase than during the down phase.

Critical days of spiritual biorhythm slow down intellectual activity. The strength and speed of reaction weakens, so all participants traffic must be more careful and prepared for the fact that today they are capable of making a mistake. During this time, the ability to perceive is often blocked. new material. The best remedy tune in to climate change - refusal of difficult tasks and increased concentration.

The same can be said about the period from the 20th to the 33rd day of the intellectual biorhythm: in the decline phase, the mind ceases to be flexible, a person quickly gets tired of intellectual activity, and the joy from gaining new knowledge and making decisions decreases. Fears become so obvious, as if what you were afraid of had already happened.

It is known that biorhythms play a decisive role in the life of any living creature. It turns out that this feature can also be important in diseases? Absolutely right. Based on daily fluctuations in physiological processes in the human body, doctors calculated the “most correct hours” for taking various medications and calculated the optimal time for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

According to the data reflected in the works of ancient scientists and the analysis of the modern research, doctors managed to create a table of daily activity various organs and body systems.

1-3 hours. Works as actively as possible gallbladder. The liver is actively working - there is a big “washing” of the body, freeing it from toxins.

1-4 hours. Blood pressure and respiratory rate are minimal. The body rests, physically we are completely exhausted and are especially sensitive to pain.

1-5 hours. Decrease in body temperature. Minimum amount of sugar in the blood. Organs and systems operate at very low speeds, but hearing becomes sharper and reacts to the slightest noise.

2-5 hours. Minimal physiological activity. Low lung efficiency, pulse and breathing are the slowest.

3-5 hours. The liver works at its maximum.

3 hours Lowest blood pressure.

4 hours Lowest heart rate. The brain is supplied with a minimal amount of blood. This is the hour when death occurs most often.

4-5 hours. Maximum bone marrow activity. The pressure is still low, the brain is still supplied with a minimal amount of blood.

5 hours Minimum body temperature. The kidneys are resting. Waking up from sleep is refreshing.

5-6 hours. A feeling of hunger appears. Even if you feel sleepy, the body wakes up. The pressure gradually increases.

5-7 hours. Maximum lung activity is noted. The heart rate increases.

6-7 hours Immune protection the body is especially strong.

7-9 hours. The large intestine works to its maximum. The activity of the bile ducts and stomach decreases.

9 hours. Maximum content of adrenaline in the blood. Mental activity increases, sensitivity to pain decreases. The heart is working at full capacity.

8-12 hours. First increase in performance (the person feels a surge of strength).

8-9 hours. The body has rested, the liver has finished cleansing the body of toxins (alcohol is especially harmful at this time).

9-10 hours. Maximum amount of sugar in the blood.

9-11 o'clock. The stomach works intensively.

10 hours. Peak performance.

11-13 hours. The pancreas and spleen are maximally activated. The liver is resting.

12 hours. Maximum awakening of the stomach glands, accompanied by a feeling of hunger. But it’s better to move lunch an hour later.

13 hours. The performance of the circulatory organs sharply decreases. The first period of activity has passed, and you feel tired.

13-15 hours. Minimal activity. Man is at his weakest. Maximum cardiac activity.

15-17 hours. The small intestine works as actively as possible.

15-16 hours. Second increase in performance. The senses are heightened to the limit, especially smell and taste.

16 hours Blood sugar levels rise, but after the initial recovery there is a decline.

16-17 hours. A feeling of hunger appears.

16-18 hours Most high content hemoglobin in the blood.

17 hours. Third peak of increased working capacity.

17-19 hours. The bladder works as actively as possible. This is an unfavorable time for allergy sufferers, mental instability, nervousness (a quarrel can start over a trifle).

17-20 hours Functioning as actively as possible lymphatic system and spleen.

18 hours Maximum body temperature and heart rate. The capillaries are dilated, there is a lot of adrenaline in the blood. Mental excitability gradually decreases, along with it the threshold of pain sensitivity.

19-21 hours. The kidneys work as actively as possible. Blood pressure is elevated and headaches may occur.

20 hours. At this time, weight reaches its maximum, reactions to external stimuli are increased.

20-21 hours. A feeling of hunger appears. The psyche is stable, memory is excellent.

21 hours. A sharp decline in the performance of the circulatory system, including the heart muscle.

21-23 hours Maximum activity of the vascular system. Body temperature decreases.

22-23 hours Physiological decline (the body adjusts to night mode).

11 p.m. Sleep begins.

24 - 1 hour. Peak of false productivity in “night owls” (a feeling of hunger appears).

Based on the biorhythm table, breakfast can be scheduled for 7-8 am, lunch can be organized at 12-13, and dinner can be scheduled for 19-20 pm. For those who are engaged in active physical labor, additions are appropriate - lunch at 10 a.m. and afternoon tea at 4 p.m.

You can also calculate the optimal time to take medications. So, for patients with liver diseases, the first “ best time» - 1-3 am (1/4 daily dose), the second - 3-5 hours (1/2 daily dose), and the third - at 16.00 (1/4 daily dose).

Human life, like everything in nature, is subject to the influence of cyclical changes. The success of a particular type of activity at each moment in time is determined by the balance of the inflow and outflow of its internal energy. This balance changes according to .

Physical biorhythm

Characterizes the amount of internal energy of the body, as well as indicators such as endurance, activity, reaction speed and others. Also, the physical biorhythm determines the body’s ability to recover, enterprise and ambition. Metabolic efficiency indicators depend on it.

Grade physical condition a person must necessarily include a study of this biorhythmic cycle. This is especially important for athletes, for whom heavy physical activity becomes an integral part of daily work. Determining favorable and unfavorable periods will make it possible to vary the intensity of training. In this way, a person can avoid injury and make the most of his internal resources.

Emotional (mental) biorhythm

This biorhythm determines your internal emotional condition. The course of his cycle directly affects a person’s sensitivity, his perception, as well as the entire range of feelings and emotions that accompany daily life. Also, the mental biorhythm is responsible for creativity and intuitive knowledge. It is especially important to consider the emotional cycle for women and all people engaged in creative activities or those whose work involves communication.

The impact of mental biorhythm on family and love relationships is very clear. Since its cycle determines the tendency to empathy, vulnerability and touchiness, these factors can have a significant impact on the communication of two close people.

Intellectual biorhythm

This biorhythmic cycle characterizes a person’s mental abilities. The ability to think, draw logical conclusions, compare facts, and find connections depends on the position of the sinusoid of the intellectual biorhythm. In addition, this biorhythm is responsible for forethought and caution, determining the rationality of human actions. People in intellectual professions - teachers, writers, journalists, financiers, etc. - feel the changes in the cycle especially clearly.

There is a version according to which there is a relationship between intellectual biorhythm and the secretion of the thyroid gland. There is also data confirming the dependence of labor productivity on changes in the cycle of this biorhythm.

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Biorhythms are the cyclical nature of processes in a living organism. The main external rhythms that influence human biocycles are natural (Sun, Moon...) and social (work week...). The leading internal chronometers of the human body are located: in the head (epiphysis, hypothalamus) and in the heart. Biorhythms can change, synchronizing with external rhythms - light cycles (change of day and night, light).

From the day of birth, a person is in three biological rhythms - physical, emotional and intellectual:

23 day rhythm— this is a physical rhythm, it determines a person’s health, strength and endurance;
28 day rhythm— this is an emotional rhythm, it affects the state of the nervous system, mood, love, optimism, etc.;
33 day rhythm is an intellectual rhythm. It determines the creative abilities of an individual. Favorable days The 33-day rhythmic cycle is characterized by creative activity, and a person is accompanied by luck and success. IN unfavorable days creative decline occurs.

Each of the three long-term rhythmic cycles begins with the birth of a person. Its further development can be depicted as a sinusoid (graph). The higher the curve rises, the higher the ability corresponding to this mark. The lower it falls, the lower the corresponding energy. Periodic days are considered critical when the curve is at the intersection of the scale. This is an unfavorable time.

Thus, biorhythm calculation not at all complicated. Starting from the exact date of your birth, count how many days you have lived. To do this, multiply 365 days a year by the number of years lived, and multiply the number of leap years by 366 days. Leap years were: 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980,1984, 1988, 1992, 1996 , 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012 , 2016.

Calculate the total number of days lived. Now you know how many days you have already lived in this world. Divide this number by the number of days of the biorhythm you want to calculate: 23, 28, 33. The remainder will show you where you are currently on the curve. For example, if the remainder is 12, then it is the 12th day of the biorhythm that you are counting. This is the first half of the cycle and is usually favorable. If the cycle is at zero on the chart, then it is a bad day. In addition, the days when the biorhythm lines cross the horizontal line in the center of the graph are the so-called critical days, when your abilities are completely unpredictable. On such days a person feels a loss of strength and lack of energy.

Each biorhythm has 3 periods: a period of high energy, a period of low energy and critical days of the biorhythm. Let's take a closer look:

23 day rhythm

High energy (0-11 days): good physical well-being, resistance to stress, illness and high Vital energy, strong sexual desire, the danger of overestimating one’s strength.
Low Energy (Days 12-23): increased fatigue, at this time it is recommended to rest more and conserve energy.
Critical days (11, 12, 23 days): reduced resistance to disease, tendency to erroneous actions.

28 day rhythm

High energy (days 0-14): intense emotional and spiritual life, favorable time for friendship and love, increased creativity and interest in new things, tendency to be highly emotional.
Low energy (days 14-28): lack of self-confidence, passivity, underestimation of one’s capabilities.
Critical days (14, 28 days): tendency to mental conflicts, decreased resistance to disease.

33 day rhythm

High energy (0-16 days): ability to think clearly and logically, ability to concentrate, good memory, creative activity.
Low energy (days 17-33): decreased interest in new ideas, slow reactions, creative decline.
Critical days (16, 17, 33 days): inability to concentrate, inattention and distraction, tendency to erroneous actions (high probability of accidents).

HUMAN BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS

Circadian rhythms according to the “biological clock”

EARLY MORNING

4-5 hours (in real, geographical time, as for acupuncture points) - the body is preparing to awaken.

By 5 a.m., melatonin production begins to decrease and body temperature rises.

Shortly before waking up, around 5:00 a.m. geographical, real local time, the body begins preparing for the upcoming wakefulness: the production of “activity hormones” - cortisol, adrenaline - increases. The content of hemoglobin and sugar in the blood increases, the pulse quickens, blood pressure (BP) rises, and breathing deepens. Body temperature begins to rise, the frequency of REM sleep phases increases, and the tone of the sympathetic nervous system increases. All these phenomena are enhanced by light, heat and noise.

By 7-8 o'clock, night owls have a peak release of cortisol (the main hormone of the adrenal glands) into the blood. For early risers - earlier, at 4-5 hours, for other chronotypes - about 5-6 hours.

From 7 to 9 am - get up, exercise, breakfast.

9 hours - high performance, fast counting, short-term memory works well.

In the morning - assimilation new information, with a fresh mind.

Two to three hours after waking up, take care of your heart.

9-10 am - time to make plans, “use your brain.” "The morning is wiser than the evening"

9-11 hours - immunity increases.

Medicines that enhance the body's resistance to disease are effective.

Until 11 o'clock - the body is in excellent shape.

12 - reduce physical activity.

Brain activity decreases. Blood rushes to the digestive organs. Gradually, blood pressure, pulse and muscle tone begin to decrease, respectively, but body temperature continues to rise.

13 ± 1 hour - lunch break

13-15 - midday and afternoon rest (lunch, quiet hour, siesta)

After 14 hours - pain sensitivity is minimal, the effect of painkillers is most effective and lasting.

15 - long-term memory works. Time - to remember and remember well what is needed.

After 16 - increase in performance.

15-18 hours is the time to go in for sports. At this time, thirst should be quenched abundantly and often with clean boiled water, hot or warm - in winter time(to prevent colds, gastrointestinal diseases and kidney diseases). In summer you can have cold mineral water.

16-19 - high level of intellectual activity. Housework

19 ± 1 hour - dinner.

Carbohydrate foods (natural - honey, etc.) promote the production of a special hormone - serotonin, which promotes a good night's sleep. The brain is active.

After 19 hours - good reaction

After 20 hours, the mental state stabilizes, memory improves. After 21 hours, the number of white blood cells almost doubles (immunity increases), body temperature drops, and cell renewal continues.

From 20 to 21 - light physical exercise and walking in the fresh air are good for health.

After 21 hours - the body prepares for a night's rest, body temperature drops.

22 hours is time for sleep. The immune system is strengthened to protect the body during the night's rest.

In the first half of the night, when slow-wave sleep predominates, maximum amount somatotropic hormone that stimulates the processes of cell reproduction and growth. No wonder they say that in our sleep we grow. Regeneration and cleansing of body tissues occurs.

2 hours - those who do not sleep at this time may experience depression.

3-4 hours is the deepest sleep. Body temperature and cortisol levels are minimal, melatonin levels in the blood are maximum.

Biological rhythms in life

Flying by plane from east to west is easier than flying from west to east. To adapt, the body (young, healthy) needs approximately a day for each time zone, but not less than three to four days. The speed at which the biorhythms of the human body are captured by an external rhythm strongly depends on the difference in their phases. On average, it takes one and a half weeks for sufficient adaptation and acclimatization in new conditions. This does not depend on the position of the hands on the watch dial, but on the sun above your head. Local, local peculiarities geomagnetic and other fields and radiations that differ from the usual ones.

Human daily chronotype: morning (larks), afternoon (pigeons) and evening (owls). The nighttime activity of night owls affects their health - myocardial infarctions occur more often in them than in early risers, and their cardiovascular system burns out faster.

To increase productivity and labor efficiency, it is recommended to take into account the chronotype, individually for each employee, when drawing up a schedule, work schedule for personnel at enterprises and, especially, dispatchers and operators.

Compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and ergonomic requirements, work and rest schedules - necessary condition work of a modern enterprise.

Performance decreases sharply from thirty degrees Celsius, halving at an ambient temperature of +33-34°C.

Shift work schedule (for example, with night shift per day) - no more than once a month, taking into account the time required for adaptation (1-2 weeks).

Industrial accidents and traffic accidents on the road more often occur at certain hours:
- from 22 o'clock to 4 o'clock - a person has the lowest response rate.
- between 13 and 15 hours - first, the general pre-lunch rush, after - “afternoon depression”.

To prevent “afternoon depression”, resting after lunch for 10-20 minutes or taking a “midday nap” can be effective, but not more than 1.5 hours, otherwise there will be the opposite effect.

Human performance is higher from 10 to 12 and from 17 to 19 hours.

Sport

“Specially conducted research and practice sports training show that the most favorable period for intensive training is from 9 to 18 hours and that it is undesirable to carry out large volume and intensity loads early in the morning and late in the evening” (N.A. Agadzhanyan et al., 1989).

Human biorhythms: Sleep

Try to always go to bed and get up at the same time. Otherwise - desynchronosis. The first 4-5 hours of normal, natural sleep (deep, without interruptions) are mandatory; this is a vital daily minimum for the human body.

For insomnia and falling asleep quickly(normal - within 5-15 minutes):
1) lie down comfortably, close your eyes, don’t think about anything (reduce bioelectrical activity brain);
2) focus your attention on the diaphragm (its movement during breathing) and on the inner ankles (ankles) of the legs.

In a sound sleeper, the main source of sensory information about the environment is the ears (“light sleeper”), therefore, in order not to wake up from noise, you need to ensure silence (including using anti-noise soft “earplugs” made of hypoallergenic polymer, having good SNR (noise reduction), at a level of 30 dB or more), taking into account increased sensitivity hearing at night - with eyes closed and during sleep (10-14 decibels better compared to daytime). Loud, sharp, frightening sounds can wake up a sleeping person for a long time and cause insomnia.

It is difficult to fall asleep on an empty stomach, therefore, dinner is around 18-20 hours or 2-3 hours before bedtime. Don't overeat at night. Regular duration good sleep- 7-9 hours. Not only its duration is important, but also its quality (continuity and depth first three, mandatory cycles, 1.5 x 3 = 4.5 hours)

Poor, restless sleep, nightmares, with a recurring obsessive plot - can be a consequence of cardiovascular diseases (bradycardia - rare pulse, arrhythmias), symptoms of snoring and respiratory arrest disease ( sleep apnea), lack of oxygen in the room. The aeroionic composition of the air in apartments, without ventilation or the use of an aeroionizer, also requires improvement.

Before waking up, a dream movie is seen (playing it is resetting the ballast nervous tension, unrealized ideas, unpleasant visual pictures that have accumulated over the past days, after processing and organizing information entered into the short-term and long-term memory of the brain, adaptation to complex life situations). The more intense the eye movements during “rapid eye movement” sleep (REM phase), the better the dream reproduction. At the moment of falling asleep, a series of slides or pictures appears in the mind.

Laboratory studies have shown the necessity of the REM sleep phase for the survival of the body. A mouse deprived of this dream phase for 40 days died. In people, when blocking REM sleep with alcohol, there is a predisposition to hallucinations.

Dreams in the “rapid eye movement” phase (after slow-wave sleep and before waking up, to wake up or to “turn to the other side”) appear according to individual biorhythm - every 90-100 minutes. (in the morning - cycles are reduced to the first tens of minutes, see the graph in the picture), in accordance with the intraday cyclicity of change (increase) general temperature body and redistribution of blood in the body (from its periphery, from the extremities to the center of the body, inward), an increase in blood pressure, an acceleration of the respiratory rate and heart rate.

Short-term memory is involved in remembering dreams, therefore, up to 90% of the content of a dream is forgotten within the next half hour, after waking up, unless, in the process of remembering, emotional experience, ordering and comprehension, its plot is recorded in the long-term memory of the brain.

Human biorhythms: remembering sleep

According to reviews from enthusiastic researchers and practitioners, high levels, lucid dreaming(OS) is cooler than many modern computer games.

Many people see dreams, but not everyone tries to remember and remember them at the moment of waking up (especially during short awakenings between the first cycles, before returning back to slow-wave sleep).

If there is very little time for rest, you can sleep from 10-11 pm to 3-4 am (“mandatory program” - the first three night cycles in a row, without waking up, that is, the duration of sleep will be 4-5 hours). In this case, the following are restored, sequentially: the brain, body and physical strength, emotional sphere.

The duration of night sleep required for the human body also depends on the season. In winter - it should be at least half an hour longer than in summer time of the year.

A natural sleeping pill is fatigue and/or certain moments in the 90-minute cycles of the body's individual biorhythm when body temperature drops.

Sufficient night sleep promotes weight loss (in case of excess weight - its normalization). In this case, dinner no later than four hours before bedtime. Night food is excluded, you can only drink clean water, in small quantities (to flush the esophagus, avoid dehydration and to fall asleep as quickly as possible). The effect will be more noticeable - with high physical activity, during daylight hours.

Frequent lack of sleep causes the body to wear out and age faster. During the slow-wave stage of normal, deep sleep, a control scan by the brain of the digestive, respiratory system and heart (as having the most clear rhythm) occurs, and during the fast-wave stage - the cardiovascular and lymphatic, reproductive and nervous systems, as well as the liver, kidneys, muscles and tendons (i.e. organs that do not have an obvious short-period rhythm). After collecting and processing this information, a sequentially planned and coordinated restoration of the insides (visceral sphere - stomach, intestines, etc.) of the body is carried out. This process mainly involves the most powerful “computational processors”, for example, in the visual and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. In the case when you really want to sleep, but systematically there is no such opportunity, you may experience physical changes in internal organs and the risk of developing pathologies (stomach ulcers, etc.) increases significantly

A sleep-deprived and very tired person who becomes drowsy while driving a car is just as risky to his health and dangerous to others as a driver who is intoxicated.

Scientists, and not only British ones, have found that it is possible to slow down the aging of the brain if you stabilize your biorhythms - by simply following a sleep schedule, this natural circadian (that is, cyclically repeating every day, every 24 hours) rhythm.

Biological rhythms, biorhythms, are more or less regular changes in character and intensity biological processes. The ability to make such changes in life activity is inherited and is found in almost all living organisms. They can be observed in individual, and, in whole organisms and in.

Biorhythms are divided into physiological and environmental. Physiological rhythms, as a rule, have periods from fractions of a second to several minutes. These are, for example, rhythms, heartbeat and blood pressure. Ecological rhythms coincide in duration with any natural rhythm of the environment. These include daily, seasonal (annual), tidal and lunar rhythms. Thanks to ecological rhythms, the body orients itself in time and prepares in advance for expected changes in living conditions. Thus, some flowers open shortly before dawn, as if knowing that the sun will soon rise. Many animals go into hibernation or migrate even before the onset of cold weather (see). Thus, environmental rhythms serve the body as a biological clock.

Ecological rhythms are resistant to various physical and chemical influences and persist even in the absence of corresponding changes in the external environment. Most plants in temperate and high latitudes lose their leaves during the winter to avoid moisture loss. An apple or pear tree retains its seasonal frequency of shedding its leaves even when grown in the tropics, where there is never frost. In shell mollusks, during sea tides, the shell valves are open wider than during low tides. This tidal rhythm of opening and closing valves was observed in mollusks and in an aquarium 1600 km from the ocean coast where they were captured. French speleologist M. Siffre spent 205 days underground in a cave in complete solitude and darkness. All this time he had a circadian rhythm and wakefulness.

The main rhythm of the earth is daily, determined by the rotation of the Earth around its axis, therefore almost all processes in a living organism have a daily periodicity. All these rhythms (and more than 100 of them have already been discovered in humans) are connected in a certain way with each other, forming a single, time-coordinated rhythmic system of the body. When the rhythms are mismatched, a disease called desynchronosis develops. A person experiences desynchronosis, for example, when flying across several time zones, when he has to get used to a new daily routine.

Disruption of rhythm and wakefulness can lead not only to insomnia, but also to diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and. That's why it's so important to follow a daily routine. Biorhythms are being intensively studied by specialists in the field of space and medicine, since when exploring new planets, astronauts will be completely deprived of the usual rhythms of the environment.

The science of biological rhythms—biorhythmology—is still very young. But now it has great practical significance. By artificially changing the seasonal cycles of lighting and temperature, it is possible to achieve mass flowering and fruiting of plants in greenhouses and high fertility of animals. Any medicine or poison affects the body differently throughout the day. This feature was noticed by the founders of medicine in Ancient China, who compiled the “hours of vitality” and “hours of illness” of this or that. These “clocks” were especially widely used in acupuncture. Currently, the time factor is taken into account in the treatment of many diseases, and primarily in the treatment of cancer. Having determined the time of the least resistance of insects to insecticides, it is possible to carry out chemical treatments with the greatest efficiency with minimal environmental pollution.

The problem of biological rhythms is still far from a final solution. The subtle mechanisms of the biological clock have not yet been solved.

HOW TO ARRANGE A LIVE CLOCK

One of the most interesting manifestations of the biological measurement of time is the daily periodicity of the opening and closing of flowers in plants. Each plant “falls asleep” and “wakes up” at strictly defined times of the day. Early in the morning (at 4 o'clock) chicory and rose hips open their flowers, at 5 o'clock - poppy, at 6 o'clock - dandelion, field carnation, at 7 o'clock - bluebell, garden potatoes, at 8 o'clock - marigolds and bindweed, at 9-10 h - marigolds, coltsfoot and only at 11 o'clock - toritsa. There are also flowers that open their corollas at night. At 20 o'clock the flowers of fragrant tobacco open, and at 21 o'clock - adonis and night violet.

Flowers also close at a strictly defined time: at noon - field sow thistle, at 13-14 o'clock - potatoes, at 14-15 o'clock - dandelion, at 15-16 o'clock - poppy and tortilla, at 16-17 o'clock - marigolds, at 17-18 o'clock - coltsfoot, at 18-19 o'clock - buttercup and at 19-20 o'clock - rosehip.

You can arrange a living clock in your garden bed. To do this, you need to plant flowering plants in the order in which they open or close their flowers. Such multi-colored and fragrant watches will not only delight you with their beauty, but will also allow you to determine the time quite accurately (with an interval of 1 - 1.5 hours).

For the first time, such a flower clock was arranged by an outstanding Swedish naturalist in the 20s. XVIII century

However, flower clocks accurately show time only in clear and sunny weather. On cloudy days or just before the weather changes, they can deceive. Therefore, it is useful to create a collection of green barometers that predict weather changes. Before rain, for example, marigolds and buttercups close their corollas. And the bizarre monstera, native to the tropical forests of Brazil, is able to predict precipitation even 24 hours in advance, abundantly releasing moisture from its leaves.

The opening and closing of flowers depends on many other conditions, for example geographical location location or sunrise and sunset times. Therefore, before compiling a flower clock, it is necessary to make preliminary observations.

A flower clock can be made, for example, from these plants. The circles show the approximate times the flowers open and close.