What plants grow in our region. Wild herbaceous plants. Coltsfoot

You live in a unique place. Our city is surrounded by forests. The forest is our main wealth.

Factories, plants, cars on the streets pollute the air we breathe. And the green plants of the forest, on the contrary, purify the air, help us to be healthy. If it were not for plants, people would simply have nothing to breathe, which is why it is so useful to walk through the forest.

Our city is surrounded by deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests.

forest kingdom

Smells fresh and salty
Zlatoust fungus:
Through the stumps of green bushes
Jumping summer barefoot!
Mushroom pickers in the forest are not crowded,
The call of the forest pipe beckons:
I collect songs
Whether berries-mushrooms!
Goblin, wise and careless,
Sings under the pine tree:
Maybe he's in a hurry, hearty,
On a date with me?!
And around the forest city,
Spilling stars from the bottom
The blue fence breathes, -
Taganay wave!

Ludmila Dugar

From the first letters in the names of four trees, make up the name of a beautiful coniferous tree. Write it down in the boxes.

Read the story of T. Starodumova "Cedars - handsome" in the anthology "Golden Wings"

Before you is the flora of the Zlatoust Urals. Circle the trees with a red pencil, bushes with a blue pencil, herbaceous plants with a green pencil.

Look carefully at the pictures and remember the edible mushrooms. They can be collected in our forests.

crop production – culture scienceagricultural plants, andsuch breeding.("Explanatory Dictionary" S.I. Ozhegov)Plants , which the person himself planting, takes care of seedlings, with harvests , uses for food called cultural.

Crop growing is divided into several main branches: field cultivation, vegetable growing, fruit growing, floriculture.

field plants

A field is an open, treeless area in which cultivated plants are grown.

In the Perm Territory, grain crops are cultivated in the fields - rye, wheat, barley, oats, millet and buckwheat; vegetable crops - cabbage, carrots, beets, cucumbers, etc.; fodder crops - clover, vetch, peas, turnips, fodder beets, etc.; industrial crops - flax, potatoes.

Grain crops occupy the leading place in field crops. They are the basis for the development of other branches of agriculture and industry.

Among grain crops, the first place in terms of crops in the region is occupied by winter rye. It is cultivated in the north, in the central and southern regions. She is not afraid of cold weather, gives a good harvest and ripens early.

The second place in terms of crops of grain plants is occupied by wheat- the most valuable grain culture. She loves warmth, so she is cultivated in the southern part of the region.

Also grown in the northern regions barley and oats. In the south of the region - millet.

Barley

oats

Millet

All these cultivated plants are different from each other, but in their structure there is much in common. All of them are herbaceous plants, the root is a bunch, the stem is a straw, hollow inside, has large nodes, which makes it strong and stable. Leaves are narrow and long. Small flowers of rye, wheat, barley are collected in ears, and millet and oats - in panicles. Later, fruits - grains - are formed from the flowers. Such plants are called cereals.

The grains of these plants are different from each other. For example, in rye, the grain is oblong, darker, in wheat - rounded, light.

Use of cultivated cereals

The name of the cultural plants	What do they get
Rye	Rye flour (bake rye bread). The bran is fed to livestock. The straw goes to bedding.
Wheat	Wheat flour (bake white bread, make confectionery, pasta). Wheat groats. Semolina.
Barley	Barley flour. Barley grits. Pearl barley.
oats	Oat flour. Oatmeal. Oatmeal. Hercules.
Millet	Millet groats.

Plants from which bread is obtained are called bread plants.

Farmers have to spend a lot of time, effort, and money to grow grain crops, harvest crops and make bread. Therefore, it must be protected!

vegetable plants

Many vegetables are grown in the fields: cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, beets, radishes, radishes, onions, etc.

white cabbage often referred to as the "queen of vegetables".

Cabbage is very rich in vitamins, it is the basis of many dishes. It is eaten raw in salads, boiled in cabbage soup and borscht, stewed, sauerkraut, pies are baked with it. A lot of knowledge, labor and time must be devoted to the cultivation of this crop. Cabbage loves warmth and moisture. Her homeland is warm countries. Without preparation, cabbage will not have time to ripen during the relatively short Ural summer. Therefore, in early spring, when the field is still resting, people plant small blackish round seeds in greenhouses or hotbeds. They grow light green plants with two leaves (seedlings).

When it becomes warm, seedlings are planted in fields and gardens. More and more leaves appear in plants. They hug each other tighter and tighter. This is how a head is formed. The inner sheets become juicy and white. There are 40 - 70 of them in a head of cabbage, and sometimes more, and they hold tightly, clinging to each other. Cabbage is harvested in autumn.

green cucumbers are a favorite vegetable plant. They are also good in winter pickled or salted.

Homeland cucumbers is India - a warm southern country. In our conditions, cucumbers give a good harvest if they are grown correctly. Cucumbers, like cabbages and tomatoes, are first planted in greenhouses or greenhouses, i.e. a person, as it were, artificially lengthens the summer for them. Then, with the onset of warm weather, they are transplanted into beds. From the seedlings grow low plants with creeping fragile stems, rough leaves, then yellow flowers bloom in the form of gramophones, and from them oblong, bright green juicy fruits are formed - cucumbers.

spring seeds carrots, beets, radish sown directly on the beds and carefully watered. Small plants with green leaves appear. Their roots grow and become thicker and juicier. Nutrients accumulate in them: sugar, starch, vitamins. A month later, radishes ripen, and later - carrots and beets.

Carrot

Beet

Radish

Plants that eat thickened roots are called root crops.

Onion- a valuable food product. It contains sugar and various vitamins. No meat or fish dish is complete without onions. Even in ancient times, onions were used as a healing plant for many diseases. Therefore, the people put together such a saying: "Onion from seven ailments." Our scientists have found that onions emit volatile substances (phytoncides), which kill putrefactive and pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, the use of onions in food has a healing value.

Onions eat green leaves and onions. Onions are native to dry steppes. The plant has adapted to store nutrients in the bulb during the dry period, which has wonderful properties. Many people store onions in the winter, and they do not dry out. In spring, the bulb sprouts easily and produces green leaves, and in greenhouses even in winter. She can easily winter. Sometimes they plant lek on the beds before winter. When the snow begins to melt, green leaves will already appear on the onion.

Potato- a valuable food product. It is often called "second bread". Potato is an important industrial crop. Starch, alcohol, molasses are obtained from it.

In the spring, a lot of potatoes are planted in the fields and gardens of the region. Herbaceous plants grow in the form of bushes with branched stems. They reach a height of 50 - 60 cm. In the middle of summer, white-pink and purple flowers form on them. Once upon a time, for the sake of these flowers, potatoes were grown to decorate clothes, not knowing about the properties of the underground parts of this plant.

Watching the flowers, you can see that then round, green, small-seeded fruits resembling tomatoes appear from them. They can not be eaten, they are bitter and poisonous.

In the underground part of the potato stalks produce underground white branches, at the ends of which thickenings are formed - young tubers. They gradually increase and fill with starch. In autumn, a rich crop of potato tubers is usually harvested.

The potato is native to South America. Potatoes were not immediately recognized in Russia. In the beginning, by mistake, they did not eat tubers, but bitter fruits. Therefore, many peasants did not want to plant it. Potato planting was distributed among the population by force, and this caused "potato riots" in ancient times.

But gradually people mastered this culture and realized that potatoes are an indispensable food product. Now we grow many high-yielding varieties of potatoes.

So, in potatoes, it is not the fruit that is eaten, but the modified underground part of the stem, called the tuber.

fruit and berry plants

Due to cold and long winters, horticulture in the Perm region is underdeveloped. But still, gardeners grow sea buckthorn, cherries, garden strawberries, currants, raspberries, gooseberries, plums, apple trees, etc.

garden strawberry	Cherry	Raspberry	Plum
Sea buckthorn	Gooseberry	Apple tree	Currant

Horticulture is concentrated in the south of the region and in the suburbs of Perm, Chusovoy, Krasnokamsk, Okhansk and other settlements. But still, most of the fruits for the population are brought from other countries and the southern regions of our country.

Floriculture

From year to year, our cities and towns are decorated with flowers in the spring and summer. In the spring, when the snow just melts, the first perennials appear on the garden plots: snow-white narcissus s with an unforgettable delicate aroma, red and yellow tulips, purple irises.

tulips

daffodils

irises

later bloom peonies. They delight with the richness of colors and the size of a saucer of flowers: scarlet, pale pink, white with a pleasant smell.

Then red and white appear carnations, lilies. Bloom tall and slender phloxes: lilac, purple, pink and white. They bloom all summer.

carnation lily phlox

In the second half of summer, beautiful dahlias of various colors and shapes bloom and are surprisingly elegant. gladioli.

In squares, parks and on the streets, mostly annuals bloom: asters, cosmos, petunias, marigold, calendula and many others.

Calendula Asters Kosmeya Marigolds

In the city of Perm there is an enterprise "Flowers of the Kama Region", where plants bloom in greenhouses all year round, including beautiful roses.

Seedlings of annuals are grown here for landscaping and decorating the city.

The power of the impact of colors on people's feelings is enormous. They heal us, inspire us and improve our mood. They decorate homes, streets, parks and gardens. They are handed over at solemn events, presented for holidays, laid on the graves of the dead, at the obelisks. On Victory Day, May 9, they are presented to war veterans.

Meadow clover. Biennial or perennial plant 15-55 cm high with a branched rhizome and branched shoots. Stem erect or ascending, pubescent with adpressed hairs. Leaves are trifoliate (1) with wide stipules, narrowed into an awn, half fused with the petiole (2), leaflets are elliptical, almost entire, usually with a white pattern in the form of a triangle (3). The flowers are collected in spherical heads (4). Corolla moth, purple-red (rarely pale purple or white), calyx with 10 veins, pubescent. Blooms from late May to autumn. The fruit is a bean. Grows in meadows, edges, clearings. Heat and light-loving plant, undemanding to soils. Distributed in Europe in areas with a moderately humid climate.

Chamomile. Annual or biennial herbaceous plant 25-100 cm high. Stem erect, simple or branched, glabrous, leafy. The leaves are alternate, twice or thrice pinnatisected into filiform, sharp, furrowed lobes below (1). Inflorescences - baskets, located at the ends of the branches (2). Baskets are long-petiolate, 20-25 mm in diameter. The wrapper is almost single-row, green. The middle (6-8 mm in diameter) is yellow (3), reed flowers are white. The bed of the basket is not hollow, it is bluntly conical. Blooms from May to autumn. The fruits are achenes with three sharp edges. Grows in fields, banks of reservoirs, in gardens, wastelands, a weed plant.

Yarrow. Perennial herbaceous plant from 10 to 80 cm high with a long underground rhizome. The stem, as well as the pinnate (1) alternate leaves, are almost naked or with sparse pubescence; young shoots are gray tomentose. The inflorescence is complex corymbose (2), individual baskets of which have a diameter of 4 to 10 mm. The involucre of the basket is egg-shaped, yellow-green in color, the bracts are surrounded by a brown border (3). Reed flowers are often white, quite often pinkish and reddish, their length is equal to half the length of the involucre, along the edge there are three short teeth (4). Blooms from June to late September. The fruit is a seed. It is undemanding to soils, but rarely grows on calcareous soils. The plant is photophilous, grows in a wide variety of herbaceous communities - from moisture-loving lowland and water meadows, mesophilic grassy phytocenoses of sandy soils, meadow communities on hillsides. In more humid and humus-rich areas, larger specimens with a highly branched stem are found. Common yarrow is often found on forest edges, but rarely blooms there. On embankments and waste heaps it appears among the first plants settling there.

Oregano ordinary. Perennial herbaceous plant 30-70 cm high with creeping rhizome and erect stem. Leaves opposite, oblong-ovate (1). The flowers are small, with a two-lipped pale purple or whitish corolla, collected in tetrahedral oblong-oval spikelets (2), which in turn form multi-flowered corymbose-paniculate inflorescences (3). Blooms from June to autumn. The fruits are dark brown, ripen at different times, starting in July. Grows in dry meadows, steppes, forest edges and clearings, light forests, bushes, clearings. A widespread plant in all regions of Central Russia

Hypericum perforatum. Perennial, herbaceous plant 30-60 cm high with a branched rhizome. Stem erect, dihedral, branched above (1), glandular. Lateral stems are leafy (2). Leaves ovate-elliptic, oblong; lower sessile, upper petiolate, obtuse, entire (3), with translucent punctures, occasionally with black glands. Flowers collected in apical broad corymbose inflorescence (4) or single apical, golden yellow, with black dots; pedicels more or less glandular; sepals pointed, entire (5), with black dots; petals 10-13 mm long. Blooms in June and August. The fruit is a box. Grows on dry and fresh, acidic or neutral, rich sandy and clay soils: in light forests, meadows and pastures, clearings

Field mint. Perennial fragrant plant 20-50 cm high, pubescent with hairs inclined downwards, with a scaly rhizome and leafy shoots. Stems erect or ascending, mostly branched. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong-elliptic, with 3-6 pairs of lateral veins (1). The size of the leaves ranges from 1.5-3 cm in width and 3-8 cm in length. The edges are finely serrated (2). Inflorescences in false whorls, located in the axils of the middle and upper leaves (3). Spike apical inflorescence (as usual in some representatives of the genus) is undeveloped. Calyx campanulate (4), with 10 underdeveloped veins. Corolla pink or pink-purple, ciliated at the mouth. Blooms from late June to September. Grows in wet meadows, grassy swamps, along the banks of water bodies, along ditches, in fields and waste places. Distributed almost throughout the country, except for the Far North, the southern regions of Eastern Siberia, the Far East. Circumboreal view.

Rose hip. Shrub up to 2 m high with red or red-brown shoots (1), sometimes covered with a bluish bloom. The thorns on the shoots are varied: on flowering branches they are slightly bent down, hard and usually located 2 at the base of the leaf petioles (3), on young, non-flowering shoots (i.e. only with leaf buds) the thorns are straight or slightly bent, thin, needle-shaped and setiform (2). The buds are small, reddish (4), with 3-6 reddish scales. The leaf scar is narrow (5), with 3 traces. The core is wide, rounded, whitish. Leaves of 5-7 elongated-elliptical or oblong-ovate leaflets (2), thin, finely serrate-toothed along the edge (3), bluish-green above, glabrous or appressed-hairy, and gray-green below, densely appressed-hairy and with strongly protruding network of veins (4). They sit on shortly pubescent petioles and with narrow or wide stipules. The flowers are pale purple or pink, about 5 cm in diameter. Arranged singly or rarely 2-3 on short pedicels. Blooms in May-June. The fruits are small red or orange, fleshy, spherical or rarely elliptical (5) and crowned with remaining sepals (6). The fruits ripen in late summer - early autumn. Distributed in the European part of the country, in Western and Central Siberia, in Western Europe and Kazakhstan. It grows in floodplain thickets of shrubs, in the undergrowth of sparse forests, on edges and wet meadows along roads.

Common hawthorn, or prickly. Shrub or tree up to 7-8 m high. Shoots are brownish-gray, young branches are reddish-brown, with a few long spines 20-40 cm long. Kidneys are small, ovoid, 2-5 mm long, brownish-gray or red. The leaf scar is narrow, with 3 traces. The core is round, light green, sometimes as if jagged; pinkish-brown wood. The leaves are dark green above, glossy and bare, much lighter below, with a waxy coating and slight pubescence at the branching angles of the veins. Leaf blades ovate or broadly ovate, at the base wedge-shaped pass into petiole with sickle-shaped and glandular-serrate stipules along the edge (1). The length of the leaf is 2-7 cm. The generative shoots have three-part or five-part leaf blades, with blunt lobes, with a short cartilaginous tip. Margins entire or only near apex with few teeth. Vegetative shoots have deeply divided or even almost dissected leaf blades with 5-8 toothed lobes (2). The flowers are white or pinkish 1.5 cm in diameter. Inflorescences are dense, but short, not exceeding the length of the leaf (3) with bare or sparsely pubescent twigs and pedicels (4). Flowering in May-June. The fruits are red or brown-red, rarely yellow. Length 7-10 mm. They are broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoidal in shape. They usually contain 2-3 bones. The fruits ripen in September. Distributed in Transcarpathia, the Kaliningrad region and in the west of the North Caucasus, in Western Europe, Moldova and Ukraine. It grows on rocky slopes among steppe shrubs, on forest edges, in dry oak forests or, less commonly, in pine forests on sandy soils.

May lily of the valley. Perennial, 10-25 cm high, herbaceous plant with a creeping, branching rhizome. The plant is naked, usually has two leaves. The leaves are petiolate, elliptical, at the base covered with vaginal scales (2). Peduncle straight (3). The flowers are collected in a loose one-sided brush with small scaly bracts (4), drooping, milky white, less often slightly pinkish, fragrant, spherical-campanulate, with short recurved teeth. Blooms from May to June. The fruit is a red berry (5). It grows on drying, fresh, weakly and strongly acidic, rich, humus, loose, deep, gravelly and clay soils: in light deciduous and coniferous forests, in shrubs. Edge-forest plant.

Repech ordinary. Perennial plant 30 to 120 cm high with a short thick rhizome. The leaves are pinnate, with 5-9 larger elliptical leaflets (1) and 6-10 intermediate small lobes (2), dark green above, white-velvety below (3) with fine glandular pubescence. Inflorescence - spiky raceme (4). Blooms in June-August. Fruit with 4 rows of bristles. One plant can produce about 200 seeds that are dispersed by animals. The fruits ripen in August-September. Grows in meadows, edges, clearings and clearings, open slopes to the banks of rivers, among bushes, in the steppe, along the edges of fields, occasionally in crops. In Russia, it is distributed in many regions of the European part and in the North Caucasus.

The line is drooping. An annual yellowish-green plant 15-100 cm high with a branched stem. Leaves sessile, entire, lanceolate, serrated-toothed (1), opposite, almost fused at bases (in pairs) arranged along the edge. Inflorescences - baskets of tubular flowers (2), located at the ends of branches (3), drooping, yellow or greenish-yellow, sometimes with reed flowers, their width is almost equal to their length. Blooms from late June to September. The fruits are achenes, narrowed at the base, with 3-4 awns equal to each other, which are 2 times shorter than the achenes. Grows in swampy places near rivers, ponds and swamps, riverbanks and ditches.

Marsh marigold. Perennial herbaceous plant 13-40 cm high. Stem is succulent, glabrous, ascending (1), sometimes lodging and rooting slightly branched. Basal leaves are heart-shaped (2), with overlapping lobes. The remaining leaves are heart-shaped kidney-shaped, during flowering from 30 to 80 mm wide, crenate along the edge (3), later up to 300 mm wide. The flowers are shiny, bright yellow, regular, bisexual. Petals 30 mm long, nectaries absent. Flowers solitary apical or collected in dichasium (semi-umbrella), sometimes in monochasium (curl, snail). Blooms in April-May. The fruits are leaflets, arched backwards. It grows in wetlands, around springs and along rivers and streams.

DAHLIA. Name: in honor of the Finnish botanist Andreas Dahl, a student of Carl Linnaeus. The Russian name is given in honor of the St. Petersburg botanist, geographer and ethnographer I. Georgi. Description: the genus combines, according to various sources, from 4 to 24 species, distributed mainly in the mountainous regions of Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia. Perennial plants with fleshy, tuberous-thickened roots. The above-ground part of the plants dies off annually to the root neck. Stems are straight, branched, smooth or rough, hollow, up to 250 cm tall. The leaves are pinnate, sometimes twice or thrice pinnate, rarely entire, 10-40 cm long, with varying degrees of pubescence, green or purple, arranged oppositely. Inflorescences - baskets. The involucre is cup-shaped, consisting of 2-3 rows of green leaves fused at the base. Marginal flowers reed, large, of various colors and shapes; middle - tubular, golden yellow or brown-red. The fruit is a seed. In 1 g, about 140 seeds remain viable for up to 3 years.

We see plants everywhere. And some of them we see all the time, such as trees outside the window. We see plants everywhere. And some of them we see all the time, such as trees outside the window. In our area grows a very large number of plants and shrubs. Many of them are medicinal, useful for human health. Each plant has its own name. If you see a beautiful plant or flower in nature, do not pluck it, because it also has life. Tell your friends and parents about your find, share your impressions.

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Meadow clover. A biennial or perennial herb, cm tall, with a branched rhizome and branched shoots. Stem erect or ascending, pubescent with adpressed hairs. Leaves are trifoliate (1) with wide stipules, narrowed into an awn, half fused with the petiole (2), leaflets are elliptical, almost entire, usually with a white pattern in the form of a triangle (3). The flowers are collected in spherical heads (4). Corolla moth, purple-red (rarely pale purple or white), calyx with 10 veins, pubescent. Blooms from late May to autumn. Bean fruit. Grows in meadows, edges, clearings. Heat and light-loving plant, undemanding to soils. Distributed in Europe in areas with a moderately humid climate. A biennial or perennial herb, cm tall, with a branched rhizome and branched shoots. Stem erect or ascending, pubescent with adpressed hairs. Leaves are trifoliate (1) with wide stipules, narrowed into an awn, half fused with the petiole (2), leaflets are elliptical, almost entire, usually with a white pattern in the form of a triangle (3). The flowers are collected in spherical heads (4). Corolla moth, purple-red (rarely pale purple or white), calyx with 10 veins, pubescent. Blooms from late May to autumn. Bean fruit. Grows in meadows, edges, clearings. Heat and light-loving plant, undemanding to soils. Distributed in Europe in areas with a moderately humid climate.

Chamomile. Annual or biennial herbaceous plant, cm tall. Stem erect, simple or branched, glabrous, leafy. The leaves are alternate, twice or thrice pinnatisected into filiform, sharp, furrowed lobes below (1). Basket inflorescences are located at the ends of the branches (2). Baskets are long-stalked, with a diameter of mm. The wrapper is almost single-row, green. The middle (6-8 mm in diameter) is yellow (3), reed flowers are white. The bed of the basket is not hollow, it is blunt-conical. Blooms from May to autumn. Fruits of achene with three sharp edges. Grows in fields, banks of reservoirs, in gardens, wastelands, a weed plant. Annual or biennial herbaceous plant, cm tall. Stem erect, simple or branched, glabrous, leafy. The leaves are alternate, twice or thrice pinnatisected into filiform, sharp, furrowed lobes below (1). Basket inflorescences are located at the ends of the branches (2). Baskets are long-stalked, with a diameter of mm. The wrapper is almost single-row, green. The middle (6-8 mm in diameter) is yellow (3), reed flowers are white. The bed of the basket is not hollow, it is blunt-conical. Blooms from May to autumn. Fruits of achene with three sharp edges. Grows in fields, banks of reservoirs, in gardens, wastelands, a weed plant.

Yarrow. Perennial herbaceous plant from 10 to 80 cm high with a long underground rhizome. Stem, as well as pinnate (1) alternate leaves, almost bare or with sparse pubescence, young shoots are gray tomentose. The inflorescence is complex corymbose (2), individual baskets of which have a diameter of 4 to 10 mm. The involucre of the basket is egg-shaped, yellow-green in color, the bracts are surrounded by a brown border (3). Reed flowers are often white, quite often pinkish and reddish, their length is equal to half the length of the involucre, there are three short teeth along the edge (4). Blooms from June to late September. Seed fruit. It is undemanding to soils, but rarely grows on calcareous soils. The plant is photophilous, grows in a wide variety of herbaceous communities from moisture-loving lowland and water meadows, mesophilic herbaceous phytocenoses of sandy soils, meadow communities on hillsides. In more humid and humus-rich areas, larger specimens with a highly branched stem are found. Common yarrow is often found on forest edges, but rarely blooms there. On embankments and waste heaps it appears among the first plants settling there. Perennial herbaceous plant from 10 to 80 cm high with a long underground rhizome. Stem, as well as pinnate (1) alternate leaves, almost bare or with sparse pubescence, young shoots are gray tomentose. The inflorescence is complex corymbose (2), individual baskets of which have a diameter of 4 to 10 mm. The involucre of the basket is egg-shaped, yellow-green in color, the bracts are surrounded by a brown border (3). Reed flowers are often white, quite often pinkish and reddish, their length is equal to half the length of the involucre, there are three short teeth along the edge (4). Blooms from June to late September. Seed fruit. It is undemanding to soils, but rarely grows on calcareous soils. The plant is photophilous, grows in a wide variety of herbaceous communities from moisture-loving lowland and water meadows, mesophilic herbaceous phytocenoses of sandy soils, meadow communities on hillsides. In more humid and humus-rich areas, larger specimens with a highly branched stem are found. Common yarrow is often found on forest edges, but rarely blooms there. On embankments and waste heaps it appears among the first plants settling there.

Oregano ordinary. Perennial herbaceous plant cm high with a creeping rhizome and erect stem. Leaves opposite, oblong-ovate (1). The flowers are small, with a two-lipped pale purple or whitish corolla, collected in tetrahedral oblong-oval spikelets (2), which in turn form multi-flowered corymbose-paniculate inflorescences (3). Blooms from June to autumn. The fruits are dark brown, ripen at different times, starting in July. Grows in dry meadows, steppes, forest edges and clearings, light forests, bushes, clearings. A widespread plant in all regions of Central Russia. A perennial herbaceous plant cm high with a creeping rhizome and an erect stem. Leaves opposite, oblong-ovate (1). The flowers are small, with a two-lipped pale purple or whitish corolla, collected in tetrahedral oblong-oval spikelets (2), which in turn form multi-flowered corymbose-paniculate inflorescences (3). Blooms from June to autumn. The fruits are dark brown, ripen at different times, starting in July. Grows in dry meadows, steppes, forest edges and clearings, light forests, bushes, clearings. A widespread plant in all regions of Central Russia

Hypericum perforatum. Perennial, herbaceous plant cm high with a branched rhizome. Stem erect, dihedral, branched above (1), glandular. Lateral stems are leafy (2). Leaves ovate-elliptic, oblong; lower sessile, upper petiolate, obtuse, entire (3), with translucent punctures, occasionally with black glands. Flowers collected in apical broad corymbose inflorescence (4) or single apical, golden yellow, with black dots; pedicels more or less glandular; sepals pointed, entire (5), with black dots; petals mm. Blooms in June and August. The fruit is a box. It grows on dry and fresh, acidic or neutral, rich sandy and clay soils: in light forests, meadows and pastures, clearings Perennial, herbaceous plant, cm tall, with a branched rhizome. Stem erect, dihedral, branched above (1), glandular. Lateral stems are leafy (2). Leaves ovate-elliptic, oblong; lower sessile, upper petiolate, obtuse, entire (3), with translucent punctures, occasionally with black glands. Flowers collected in apical broad corymbose inflorescence (4) or single apical, golden yellow, with black dots; pedicels more or less glandular; sepals pointed, entire (5), with black dots; petals mm. Blooms in June and August. The fruit is a box. Grows on dry and fresh, acidic or neutral, rich sandy and clay soils: in light forests, meadows and pastures, clearings

Field mint. A perennial odorous plant, cm high, pubescent with downward-sloping hairs, with a scaly rhizome and leafy shoots. Stems erect or ascending, mostly branched. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong-elliptic, with 3-6 pairs of lateral veins (1). The size of the leaves ranges from 1.5-3 cm in width and 3-8 cm in length. The edges are finely serrated (2). Inflorescences in false whorls, located in the axils of the middle and upper leaves (3). Spike apical inflorescence (as usual in some representatives of the genus) is undeveloped. Calyx campanulate (4), with 10 underdeveloped veins. Corolla pink or pink-purple, ciliated at the mouth. Blooms from late June to September. Grows in wet meadows, grassy swamps, along the banks of water bodies, along ditches, in fields and waste places. Distributed almost throughout the country, except for the Far North, the southern regions of Eastern Siberia, the Far East. Circumboreal view. A perennial odorous plant, cm high, pubescent with downward-sloping hairs, with a scaly rhizome and leafy shoots. Stems erect or ascending, mostly branched. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong-elliptic, with 3-6 pairs of lateral veins (1). The size of the leaves ranges from 1.5-3 cm in width and 3-8 cm in length. The edges are finely serrated (2). Inflorescences in false whorls, located in the axils of the middle and upper leaves (3). Spike apical inflorescence (as usual in some representatives of the genus) is undeveloped. Calyx campanulate (4), with 10 underdeveloped veins. Corolla pink or pink-purple, ciliated at the mouth. Blooms from late June to September. Grows in wet meadows, grassy swamps, along the banks of water bodies, along ditches, in fields and waste places. Distributed almost throughout the country, except for the Far North, the southern regions of Eastern Siberia, the Far East. Circumboreal view.

Rose hip. K Shrub up to 2 m high with red or red-brown shoots (1), sometimes covered with a bluish bloom. The thorns on the shoots are varied: on the flowering branches they are slightly bent down, hard and usually arranged in 2 at the base of the leaf petioles (3), on young, non-flowering shoots (i.e. only with leaf buds) the thorns are straight or slightly bent, thin, needle-shaped and setiform (2). The buds are small, reddish (4), with 3-6 reddish scales. The leaf scar is narrow (5), with 3 traces. The core is wide, rounded, whitish. Leaves of 5-7 elongated-elliptical or oblong-ovate leaflets (2), thin, finely serrate-toothed along the edge (3), bluish-green above, glabrous or appressed-hairy, and gray-green below, densely adpressed-hairy and with strongly protruding network of veins (4). They sit on shortly pubescent petioles and with narrow or wide stipules. The flowers are pale purple or pink, about 5 cm in diameter. Arranged singly or rarely 2-3 on short pedicels. Blooms in May-June. The fruits are small red or orange, fleshy, spherical or rarely elliptical (5) and crowned with remaining sepals (6). The fruits ripen in late summer and early autumn. Distributed in the European part of the country, in Western and Central Siberia, in Western Europe and Kazakhstan. It grows in floodplain thickets of shrubs, in the undergrowth of sparse forests, on edges and wet meadows along roads.

Common hawthorn, or prickly. Shrub or tree up to 78 m high. Shoots are brownish-gray, young branches are reddish-brown, with a few long spines, cm long. Kidneys are small, ovoid, 2-5 mm long, brownish-gray or red. The leaf scar is narrow, with 3 traces. The core is round, light green, sometimes as if jagged; pinkish-brown wood. Shrub or tree up to 78 m high. Shoots are brownish-gray, young branches are reddish-brown, with a few long spines, cm long. Kidneys are small, ovoid, 2-5 mm long, brownish-gray or red. The leaf scar is narrow, with 3 traces. The core is round, light green, sometimes as if jagged; pinkish-brown wood. The leaves are dark green above, glossy and bare, much lighter below, with a waxy coating and slight pubescence at the branching angles of the veins. Leaf blades ovate or broadly ovate, at the base wedge-shaped pass into petiole with sickle-shaped and glandular-serrate stipules along the edge (1). The length of the leaf is 2-7 cm. The generative shoots have three-part or five-part leaf blades, with blunt lobes, with a short cartilaginous tip. Margins entire or only near apex with few teeth. Vegetative shoots have deeply divided or even almost dissected leaf blades with 5-8 toothed lobes (2). The flowers are white or pinkish 1.5 cm in diameter. Inflorescences are dense, but short, not exceeding the length of the leaf (3) with bare or sparsely pubescent twigs and pedicels (4). Flowering in May-June. The fruits are red or brown-red, rarely yellow. Length 7-10 mm. They are broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoidal in shape. They usually contain 2-3 bones. The fruits ripen in September. The leaves are dark green above, glossy and bare, much lighter below, with a waxy coating and slight pubescence at the branching angles of the veins. Leaf blades ovate or broadly ovate, at the base wedge-shaped pass into petiole with sickle-shaped and glandular-serrate stipules along the edge (1). The length of the leaf is 2-7 cm. The generative shoots have three-part or five-part leaf blades, with blunt lobes, with a short cartilaginous tip. Margins entire or only near apex with few teeth. Vegetative shoots have deeply divided or even almost dissected leaf blades with 5-8 toothed lobes (2). The flowers are white or pinkish 1.5 cm in diameter. Inflorescences are dense, but short, not exceeding the length of the leaf (3) with bare or sparsely pubescent twigs and pedicels (4). Flowering in May-June. The fruits are red or brown-red, rarely yellow. Length 7-10 mm. They are broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoidal in shape. They usually contain 2-3 bones. The fruits ripen in September. Distributed in Transcarpathia, the Kaliningrad region and in the west of the North Caucasus, in Western Europe, Moldova and Ukraine. It grows on rocky slopes among steppe shrubs, on forest edges, in dry oak forests or, less commonly, in pine forests on sandy soils. Distributed in Transcarpathia, the Kaliningrad region and in the west of the North Caucasus, in Western Europe, Moldova and Ukraine. It grows on rocky slopes among steppe shrubs, on forest edges, in dry oak forests or, less commonly, in pine forests on sandy soils.

Strawberry ordinary, or forest. Perennial, 5-15 cm tall plant with a branching rhizome. Hemicryptophyte. Rooting creeping shoots (1) and erect, slightly branched, pubescent flowering stems (2) emerge from the basal leaf rosette. Leaves petiolate, trifoliate, toothed (3). Median leaflet on very short petiole, lateral sessile. The leaves are dark green above, more or less glabrous, pubescent below (4). The flowers are white, five-membered, form a corymbose inflorescence. In addition to the calyx, the subcalyx is well developed (5). Blooms from May to June. The fruits are falling, red, oval, with many nuts pressed into them. The calyx is usually bent back after the fruit ripens. Perennial, 5-15 cm tall plant with a branching rhizome. Hemicryptophyte. Rooting creeping shoots (1) and erect, slightly branched, pubescent flowering stems (2) emerge from the basal leaf rosette. Leaves petiolate, trifoliate, toothed (3). Median leaflet on very short petiole, lateral sessile. The leaves are dark green above, more or less glabrous, pubescent below (4). The flowers are white, five-membered, form a corymbose inflorescence. In addition to the calyx, the subcalyx is well developed (5). Blooms from May to June. The fruits are falling, red, oval, with many nuts pressed into them. The calyx is usually bent back after the fruit ripens. It grows on dried, slightly acidic, rich, humus soils: in clearings, clearings, sparse forests (deciduous and coniferous). Edge-forest plant Grows on dried, slightly acidic, rich, humus soils: clearings, clearings, sparse forests (deciduous and coniferous). edge-forest plant

May lily of the valley. Perennial, cm tall, herbaceous plant with a creeping, branching rhizome. The plant is glabrous, usually has two leaves. Perennial, cm tall, herbaceous plant with a creeping, branching rhizome. The plant is naked, usually has two leaves. The leaves are petiolate, elliptical, at the base covered with vaginal scales (2). Peduncle straight (3). The leaves are petiolate, elliptical, covered with sheath scales at the base (2). Peduncle straight (3). The flowers are collected in a loose one-sided brush with small scaly bracts (4), drooping, milky white, less often slightly pinkish, fragrant, spherical-campanulate, with short recurved teeth. The flowers are collected in a loose one-sided brush with small scaly bracts (4), drooping, milky white, less often slightly pinkish, fragrant, spherical-campanulate, with short recurved teeth. Blooms from May to June. Blooms from May to June. The fruit is a red berry (5). It grows on drying, fresh, weakly and strongly acidic, rich, humus, loose, deep, gravelly and clay soils: in light deciduous and coniferous forests, in shrubs. Edge-forest plant. The fruit is a red berry (5). It grows on drying, fresh, weakly and strongly acidic, rich, humus, loose, deep, gravelly and clay soils: in light deciduous and coniferous forests, in shrubs. Edge-forest plant.

Repech ordinary. Perennial plant 30 to 120 cm high with a short thick rhizome. Perennial plant 30 to 120 cm high with a short thick rhizome. The leaves are pinnate, with 5-9 larger elliptical leaflets (1) and intermediate small lobes (2), dark green above, white-velvety below (3) with fine glandular pubescence. The leaves are pinnate, with 5-9 larger elliptical leaflets (1) and intermediate small lobes (2), dark green above, white-velvety below (3) with fine glandular pubescence. Inflorescence spike-shaped raceme (4). Blooms in June-August. Inflorescence spike-shaped raceme (4). Blooms in June-August. Fruit with 4 rows of bristles. One plant can produce about 200 seeds that are dispersed by animals. The fruits ripen in August-September. Grows in meadows, edges, clearings and clearings, open slopes to the banks of rivers, among bushes, in the steppe, along the edges of fields, occasionally in crops. In Russia, it is distributed in many regions of the European part and in the North Caucasus. Fruit with 4 rows of bristles. One plant can produce about 200 seeds that are dispersed by animals. The fruits ripen in August-September. Grows in meadows, edges, clearings and clearings, open slopes to the banks of rivers, among bushes, in the steppe, along the edges of fields, occasionally in crops. In Russia, it is distributed in many regions of the European part and in the North Caucasus.

The line is drooping. An annual yellowish-green plant An annual yellowish-green plant, cm tall, with a branched stem. cm high with a branched stem. Leaves sessile, entire, lanceolate, serrated-toothed (1), opposite, almost fused at bases (in pairs) arranged along the edge. Leaves sessile, entire, lanceolate, serrated-toothed (1), opposite, almost fused at bases (in pairs) arranged along the edge. Basket inflorescences of tubular flowers (2), located at the ends of branches (3), drooping, yellow or greenish-yellow, sometimes with reed flowers, their width is almost equal to their length. Basket inflorescences of tubular flowers (2), located at the ends of branches (3), drooping, yellow or greenish-yellow, sometimes with reed flowers, their width is almost equal to their length. Blooms from late June to September. Blooms from late June to September. Fruits of achenes, narrowed at the base, with Fruits of achenes, narrowed at the base, with 3-4 awns equal to each other, which are 2 times shorter than the achenes. Grows in swampy places near rivers, ponds and swamps, riverbanks and ditches. 3-4 awns equal to each other, which are 2 times shorter than the achenes. Grows in swampy places near rivers, ponds and swamps, riverbanks and ditches.

Marsh marigold. Perennial herbaceous plant, cm tall. Stem is succulent, glabrous, ascending (1), sometimes lodging and rooting, weakly branched. The stem is succulent, glabrous, ascending (1), sometimes decumbent and rooting, weakly branched. Basal leaves are heart-shaped (2), with overlapping lobes. The remaining leaves are heart-shaped kidney-shaped, during flowering from 30 to 80 mm wide, crenate along the edge (3), later up to 300 mm wide. Basal leaves are heart-shaped (2), with overlapping lobes. The remaining leaves are heart-shaped kidney-shaped, during flowering from 30 to 80 mm wide, crenate along the edge (3), later up to 300 mm wide. The flowers are shiny, bright yellow, regular, bisexual. Petals 30 mm long, nectaries absent. Flowers solitary apical or collected in dichasium (semi-umbrella), sometimes in monochasium (curl, snail). Blooms in April-May. The flowers are shiny, bright yellow, regular, bisexual. Petals 30 mm long, nectaries absent. Flowers solitary apical or collected in dichasium (semi-umbrella), sometimes in monochasium (curl, snail). Blooms in April-May. Leaflet fruits, arcuately recurved. Leaflet fruits, arcuately recurved. It grows in wetlands, around springs and along rivers and streams. It grows in wetlands, around springs and along rivers and streams.

Tulips. The plants are quite unpretentious and can put up with any garden soil and location, however, in this case, you should not expect much from them during flowering. Garden tulips are propagated usually by bulbs. With seed propagation, the characteristics of the variety are not preserved, in addition, the seedlings bloom for 7-8 years, or later. However, wild-growing species that do not form daughter bulbs can be propagated by seeds. The reproduction of tulip bulbs is influenced by a number of factors. The plants are quite unpretentious and can put up with any garden soil and location, however, in this case, you should not expect much from them during flowering. Garden tulips are propagated usually by bulbs. With seed propagation, the characteristics of the variety are not preserved, in addition, the seedlings bloom for 7-8 years, or later. However, wild-growing species that do not form daughter bulbs can be propagated by seeds. The reproduction of tulip bulbs is influenced by a number of factors.

NARCISSUS. The genus includes about 60 species distributed mainly in southern Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Perennial bulbous plants. Leaves basal, linear, 2-4 in number. The peduncle is leafless, round or flattened, up to 50 cm long, at the top of it there is a node with a pedicel 0.5-1.5 cm long extending from it and with membranous wrappers. The flowers are large, solitary or in racemes, often fragrant, somewhat drooping, simple or double, 2-6 cm in diameter. Blooms in May-June. Perianth with a long cylindrical tube and a six-part limb, with a tubular, bell-shaped or cup-shaped corolla (crown) of various lengths, formed by outgrowths of the perianth lobes, which usually do not have the same color. The fruit is a fleshy, tricuspid capsule. Seeds numerous, rounded or angular, very quickly lose their germination. The genus includes about 60 species distributed mainly in southern Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Perennial bulbous plants. Leaves basal, linear, 2-4 in number. The peduncle is leafless, round or flattened, up to 50 cm long, at the top of it there is a node with a pedicel 0.5-1.5 cm long extending from it and with membranous wrappers. The flowers are large, solitary or in racemes, often fragrant, somewhat drooping, simple or double, 2-6 cm in diameter. Blooms in May-June. Perianth with a long cylindrical tube and a six-part limb, with a tubular, bell-shaped or cup-shaped corolla (crown) of various lengths, formed by outgrowths of the perianth lobes, which usually do not have the same color. The fruit is a fleshy, tricuspid capsule. Seeds numerous, rounded or angular, very quickly lose their germination.

ASTER. An annual herbaceous plant with a powerful, fibrous, broadly branched root system. The stems are green, sometimes reddish, hard, erect, simple or branched. The leaves are arranged in the next order, the lower ones are on petioles, broadly oval or oval-rhombic, unequally large-toothed, serrate or town-shaped along the edge; upper seated. The inflorescence is a basket, consisting of reed and tubular flowers. Blooms from July to late autumn. Seed fruit. Seeds ripen within days after the start of flowering, remain viable for 2-3 years. In 1 g of seeds. An annual herbaceous plant with a powerful, fibrous, broadly branched root system. The stems are green, sometimes reddish, hard, erect, simple or branched. The leaves are arranged in the next order, the lower ones are on petioles, broadly oval or oval-rhombic, unequally large-toothed, serrate or town-shaped along the edge; upper seated. The inflorescence is a basket, consisting of reed and tubular flowers. Blooms from July to late autumn. Seed fruit. Seeds ripen within days after the start of flowering, remain viable for 2-3 years. In 1 g of seeds. The wild-growing annual aster is not very decorative. Numerous hybrid varieties have long been used in culture, differing in shape, size, structure and color of inflorescences; according to the shape and size of the bush and flowering time. The wild-growing annual aster is not very decorative. Numerous hybrid varieties have long been used in culture, differing in shape, size, structure and color of inflorescences; according to the shape and size of the bush and flowering time.

DAHLIA. Name: in honor of the Finnish botanist Andreas Dahl, a student of Carl Linnaeus. The Russian name is given in honor of the St. Petersburg botanist, geographer and ethnographer I. Georgi. Name: in honor of the Finnish botanist Andreas Dahl, a student of Carl Linnaeus. The Russian name is given in honor of the St. Petersburg botanist, geographer and ethnographer I. Georgi. Description: the genus combines, according to various sources, from 4 to 24 species, distributed mainly in the mountainous regions of Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia. Perennial plants with fleshy, tuberous-thickened roots. The above-ground part of the plants dies off annually to the root neck. Stems are straight, branched, smooth or rough, hollow, up to 250 cm tall. Leaves are pinnate, sometimes twice or thrice pinnate, rarely entire, cm long, varying degrees of pubescence, green or purple, arranged oppositely. Basket inflorescences. The involucre is cup-shaped, consisting of 2-3 rows of green leaves fused at the base. Marginal flowers reed, large, of various colors and shapes; median tubular, golden yellow or brown red. Seed fruit. In 1 g, about 140 seeds remain viable for up to 3 years. Description: the genus combines, according to various sources, from 4 to 24 species, distributed mainly in the mountainous regions of Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia. Perennial plants with fleshy, tuberous-thickened roots. The above-ground part of the plants dies off annually to the root neck. Stems are straight, branched, smooth or rough, hollow, up to 250 cm tall. Leaves are pinnate, sometimes twice or thrice pinnate, rarely entire, cm long, varying degrees of pubescence, green or purple, arranged oppositely. Basket inflorescences. The involucre is cup-shaped, consisting of 2-3 rows of green leaves fused at the base. Marginal flowers reed, large, of various colors and shapes; median tubular, golden yellow or brown red. Seed fruit. In 1 g, about 140 seeds remain viable for up to 3 years.

We see plants everywhere. And some of them we see all the time, such as trees outside the window. In our area grows a very large number of plants and shrubs. Many of them are medicinal, useful for human health. Each plant has its own name. If you see a beautiful plant or flower in nature, do not pluck it, because it also has life. Tell your friends and parents about your find, share your impressions.

PROJECT "PLANTS OF OUR TERRITORY"

Primary school teacher

branch of MBOU secondary school

with. Kamenka in the village Gerbil

Saenko Tatyana Viktorovna

Interesting Poplar Facts

In the old days, people believed that if something hurts, then this place should be leaned against a poplar tree or a poplar block should be placed on the sore spot. And you can also complain to the poplar if you feel bad at heart or someone offended you, while you need to hug the poplar with your hands and stand like that for several minutes. Poplar will banish sadness and bring relief.

The generic name comes from lat. populus - people, since poplar was planted around squares and other places of public gatherings.

On the mighty poplar...

On the mighty poplar

Together the kidneys burst

And from each kidney

The leaves came out.

Expanded the tubes

Fluffed up skirts

shook themselves off

smiled,

And they said:

"We woke up!"

(Sasha Cherny)

Proverbs and sayings about oak:

You can't cut down an oak without puffing out your lips.

In the forest, an oak is a ruble, and in the capital - a knitting needle for a ruble.

Oak fruits are only suitable for pigs.

The oak is old, but the root is fresh.

The oak is great, but from a small ax it falls.

The storm will knock down the oak, but the reed will stand.

Oak slowly gaining its growth.

If the herd roars at once at the oak, the oak will fall.

Riddles about oak:

And you don't even have to guess

Here, let's call it right away

If only someone could tell

What acorns on it!

A mighty hero stands above the steep:

Head - up to the clouds, shoulders parted,

He spread his arms, knotted fingers,

Forces are untouched...

small kids

Sitting on a branch

And they will grow up

They jump to the ground.

Interesting Maple Facts

Maples are wonderful honey plants, they are very important for the survival of bees, especially in spring, they are often planted near apiaries. There are types of maple that don't even look like wood.

The national flag of Canada features a sugar maple leaf.

The name of the maple comes from the Latin "acer" - sharp (leaves with sharp lobes).

Signs about maple

If the maple "wept" - a sure sign that it will rain in a few hours.

If the maple branches are leaning together in one direction, this is a sure sign that there is a good water vein nearby.

If the maple in the spring releases juice - wait for the warming soon.

If maple leaves bloom later than birch, then the summer will be dry.

They call me a pear.

I will say, and you listen:

Love me kids!

I am the best in the world.

Pear Riddles

What kind of fruit tastes good

And it looks like a light bulb

The green side warms the sun,

Does it turn yellow and red?

There is fruit in the garden

He's sweet like honey

Blush, like a kalach,

But not round like a ball

It's under the very foot

Pulled out a little.