Quite a large number of adults, having consulted a doctor with various malfunctions in the functioning of their body, learn about such a diagnosis as. In international medicine, this pathology is not defined as an independent disease, but only as symptomatic manifestations of other diseases. But in our country, VSD is often diagnosed as a functional disorder of the vegetative-vascular system of the whole organism, which is not caused by any other pathologies. In order for such a diagnosis to be made, the patient will have to go through many specialists and do a large number of different studies that will exclude other diseases that have similar symptoms.

VSD in which blood pressure is normally considered dystonia of the cardiac type.

Vegetovascular dystonia is usually divided into four types:

– the main symptom is very low blood pressure, leading to dizziness and loss of consciousness.
VSD is of the hypertensive type - pressure can rise to very high levels for no reason.
VSD of mixed type.

The first three types have one characteristic common to all - problems associated with blood pressure. But in the fourth case, blood pressure remains within the established norms - this is the main feature of VSD of the cardiological type.

Vegetovascular dystonia of cardiac type

VSD of the cardiac type is a pathological condition of the body in which patients experience various unpleasant sensations in the functioning of the heart. The symptoms of dystonia are very similar to those of other heart diseases. As a result, the process of confirming the diagnosis of VSD takes a rather long period. Patients who are subsequently confirmed to have a diagnosis of VSD of this type most often consult a doctor with the following symptoms:

All these signs appear against the background of good blood tests, and additional studies show an almost complete absence of disturbances in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels. Depending on what signs of the disease predominate in the patient, it is customary to distinguish the following types of this functional disorder:

cardiological type - the patient notes severe constant pain in the heart area;
arrhythmic type - if the heart rhythm is disturbed, atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation is observed;
bradycardic type - low frequency heart rhythms begin to predominate, a slow heartbeat is observed, which leads to drowsiness and dizziness;
tachycardic type - there is a strong and causeless rapid heartbeat.

Diagnosis of VSD

As mentioned earlier, in the international classification according to the ICD-10 code, VSD is not classified as a separate and independent disease, but is determined only by the symptoms that are present in the patient.

For dystonia of the cardiac type, it is customary to talk about the ICD-10 code – G24. Considering that vegetative-vascular dystonia of the cardiac type has symptoms very similar to those of other cardiac diseases, patients are prescribed a fairly large number of additional studies.

The following diagnostic methods are used:

blood tests;

The doctor initially allows the doctor to suspect the presence of VSD through the history he has collected, which includes the presence of a predisposition to this pathology. These may be the following manifestations:

the person is too easily excitable, experiences any unpleasant situations for a long time and with difficulty;
there is a hereditary predisposition;
there is frequent disruption of sleep, rest and eating patterns;
frequent exposure to stressful situations;
sometimes these can be serious illnesses that the patient suffered previously;
hormonal changes in women or adolescents.

Features of treatment

In cases where all studies confirm the presence of cardiac VSD, the doctor selects a completely individual treatment. The course of treatment usually includes two complementary aspects - drug treatment and non-drug treatment. It is impossible to completely recover from this disease, and the goal of treatment is to relieve exacerbations. For this purpose, the doctor usually prescribes the following medications:

Remedies that have a sedative effect, such as motherwort or valerian.
Antidepressants to relieve excessive anxiety.
Drugs aimed at normalizing blood pressure.
Medicines that increase brain function and improve blood supply.
Drugs aimed at normalizing heart rhythm.
Medicines to support cardiac function.

In addition, with VSD, a number of non-drug measures are also necessary. It can be:

massage;
trainings;
sessions with a psychotherapist;
acupuncture;
physiotherapy;
undergoing sanatorium-resort treatment.

Treatment is usually prescribed by several doctors at the same time. This is usually a neurologist, cardiologist and psychiatrist. Pregnant women, in whom VSD is not a rare occurrence, should approach treatment with particular caution. In their case, the use of any medications is extremely undesirable, so it is better for them to give preference to the second, non-drug treatment option.

Prevention

Taking into account all the features of VSD of the cardiac type, a person who has been diagnosed with this will have to regularly take preventive measures for the rest of his life.

The most important thing in this situation is to establish a very strict daily routine. It must be remembered that the process of proper sleep is not just rest, but also a preventive treatment measure.
The daily routine must include time allocated for active recreation. This can be walks, or just physical activity, or non-professional sports. It is important to remember that the loads should be very moderate and in no case cause overload.
Classes should take place either outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
Any bad habits - smoking and drugs - should disappear from the lives of patients forever.
Normalization of nutrition.
If possible, undergo treatment with a psychotherapist.

Like any disease, VSD requires very careful attention. After all, if you leave everything to chance, vegetative-vascular dystonia of the cardiac type may well lead to a situation where the risk of developing heart disease will increase many times over.

The appearance of pain in the heart area prompts thoughts about related diseases. However, before you panic, you should be examined by specialists: heart disease is often provoked by neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardiac type, which can be easily eliminated if detected in a timely manner. In what types does neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardiac type occur, what it is and how to treat it, you can find out below.

NCD of cardiac type - what is it?

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardiac type should be considered a set of clinical symptoms, the most pronounced of which are pain in the area of the heart. The disease is accompanied by disturbances in the cardiovascular system and develops as a consequence of structural and (or) functional abnormalities in the central and peripheral parts of the autonomic nervous system.

Types and features

Neurocirculatory dystonia is classified according to two factors: the origin and severity of the disease.

Based on the etiology factor, S. A. Abbakumova and V. I. Makolkin derived such forms of cardiac NCD as:

essential - the cause of development is a genetic predisposition;
psychogenic - occurs as a result of exposure to stress and emotional overload;
infectious-toxic - is a consequence of an infectious lesion or intoxication, including alcoholic;
dystonia of physical overexertion;
professional - the development mechanism is triggered by factors of professional activity.

When assessing the severity of NCD, three main forms of the disease are distinguished:

mild - characterized by vague symptoms that appear only under increased stress (physical or emotional);
medium - characterized by a wide variety of symptoms and their manifestations;
severe - often complicated by crises.

Without timely and proper treatment, a severe form can become chronic with ensuing consequences in the form of relapses.

Important! The main characteristic of neurocirculatory dystonia is the diversity of its manifestations. Thus, neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardiac type can disrupt the functioning of several systems at once (endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous), which weakens the body on several fronts at once.

The presence of such a disease causes low tolerance to physical and mental stress.

Reasons for development

The cause of NCD can often be a hormonal surge, so the risk group includes adolescents during puberty and women during pregnancy or menopause.

The following factors can also act as provocateurs for the development of pathology:

hereditary predisposition;
frequent climate change;
acute or chronic stress;
ovarian dysfunction in women;
poisoning with chemicals, drugs or alcohol;
presence of infections;
lack or excess of physical activity.

These factors can provoke the disease either individually or collectively.

Symptoms

The central symptom of vegetative-vascular dystonia with cardialgia is pain in the heart area. The disease can also be distinguished by the following signs:

heart pain of varying intensity and frequency of manifestation - from a mild and periodically occurring stabbing and aching feeling to an unbearable cutting and pressing pain in the left side of the chest;
heart pain occurs due to the influence of various factors: a surge of positive or negative emotions, sudden changes in atmospheric pressure or sudden changes in temperature, the introduction of foods prohibited by the diet or strong alcohol into the diet;
unexpected, coupled with pain, creating a feeling of rapid deterioration in the well-being of the whole organism; accompanied by a feeling of anxiety that develops into horror;
the appearance of shortness of breath and breathing problems - stuffiness or the feeling of the presence of a foreign object in the respiratory tract makes it difficult to breathe deeply;
surges in blood pressure, during which, in a short period of time, vascular spasm is replaced by relaxation and vice versa;
- dizziness leading to fainting, chills or excessive sweating, difficulty urinating or bowel movements.

Any manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia of the cardiac type are a set of general symptoms accompanied by pain in the heart area.

Neurocirculatory cardialgia can be distinguished from coronary pathologies by the following characteristics:

Physical exercise. In the first case, pain appears after exercise, in the second - during the process.
Emotional instability, neuroses, neurotic shortness of breath. Present only during NDC.
Complaints. In the case of dystonia, they are very diverse, while in coronary diseases they are limited to the heart.
Sedatives. Relieves pain in the heart area almost immediately in the case of NCD and almost never in heart disease.
Nitroglycerine. In the first case, the patient’s condition will worsen when taking the drug, in the second it will get better.

Knowing what it is - cardiac-type NCD, you should also know that the symptoms of cardiac NCD are not a constant background, but can arise and disappear unexpectedly for the patient.

Detection of vegetative-vascular dystonia with cardialgia

One of the important tasks in diagnosing neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardiac type is the exclusion of coronary pathologies (for example, defects, myocarditis, etc.). Identification of NCD requires physical, functional and laboratory tests:

general examination, listening to the heart, counting the pulse;
various types of ECG: standard, complicated by exercise, with the necessary tests (change of position, taking medications, etc.);
daily ecg examination;
Ultrasound of the heart;
bicycle ergometry;
general and biochemical blood tests, urine analysis.

The process of diagnosing the disease can be difficult due to the irregularity of symptoms.

Treatment of cardiac type NCD

One of the main tasks when getting rid of pathology is to stabilize the patient’s lifestyle and habits: normalizing sleep, choosing a gentle work regime, selecting adequate and regular physical activity, giving up bad habits, eliminating sources of nervous tension.

The most effective is complex therapy for NCD, carried out in several directions at once:

Physiotherapy. Includes therapeutic exercises, regular sports, acupuncture sessions, electrosleep, manual and other types of massages, darsonvalization, electrophoresis using drugs prescribed by a doctor.
Drug therapy. In relation to the nature and severity of the disease, it implies the use of nootropics, tranquilizers, antidepressants, cerebroangiocorrectors and sedatives.
Phytotherapy. It is used in the form of decoctions of medicinal herbs, which have the same symptomatic effect as medications.

In order to prevent neurocirculatory dystonia, experts recommend giving up bad habits, introducing regular exercise, maintaining sleep and nutritional patterns, avoiding not only physical, but also emotional overload. You can listen to meditations and audio trances for preventive purposes, for example, specialist in working with fears and panic attacks Nikita Valerievich Baturin:

Due to the many symptoms of this disease, special attention should be paid to the course of the disease and the general well-being of the person. Currently, VSD is not an official disease with an established treatment, but in our country about 30% of the population complains of a set of symptoms that are only commonly named. However, some doctors still recognize the malfunction of the vascular system, despite excellent tests, and highlight several types of VSD. In this article we will consider in detail one of them, cardiac type.

General VSD Symptoms in adults are usually divided into four main groups: hypotensive, hypertensive, mixed and cardiac . The first three groups are united by the main symptom - instability of blood pressure, and with cardiac - blood pressure remains within reasonable limits. This is what makes it different, and for this reason many simply refuse to diagnose VSD in a patient.

It is worth understanding that common symptoms are present in all types of the disease, but are not necessary when making a diagnosis. So how can you recognize your type and decide on treatment? First, you should find out whether you are at risk, and if not, then analyze the symptoms present in detail: after all, VSD symptoms in adults can be very different from those in children and the elderly.

Who is at risk

Long-term observations of patients have revealed a group of people most susceptible to developing VSD various types, namely:

Easily excitable people with an unstable nervous and mental system. They experience difficult and emotional experiences and react very sharply to exciting situations.
Patients whose immediate blood relatives have experienced VSD. Although the genetic transmission of the disease has not yet been proven.
People who are forced to constantly experience emotional stress, inadequately or poorly satisfy their biological needs for food, sleep and rest.
Those who have suffered severe or moderate infectious or viral diseases several times over a short period or once.
Women during hormonal changes (puberty, menopause).

Symptoms of cardiac VSD

Diagnosis of VSD by cardiac Type is diagnosed by doctors when there are several episodes of repetition of these symptoms:

The disturbance of the heart rhythm felt by the patient, both when performing simple work and in a state of relative rest (arrhythmic heart disorder), is clear or blurred.
Constant or sometimes occurring “lack of air”. A person in a state of sleep or rest cannot catch his breath.
Painful, exhausting sensations in the chest (tingling, burning, sharp spasms).
Prolonged dizziness, accompanied by deterioration in performance up to the desire to completely stop any, even light, activity.
Doubtful or minor changes in the readings obtained during an electrocardiographic study.
Absence of physical changes in all parts of the heart (determined by ultrasound, MRI and others).
Lack of vitality and tone against the background of relatively positive results and blood tests.
Mental changes - fear, panic attacks.

Cardiac VSD and pregnancy: is there a relationship?

VSD of the cardiac type during pregnancy is quite a rare phenomenon, since this type of disease manifests itself in pathologies of the cardiovascular system itself and does not depend in any way on the hormonal state of the body. Other types of VSD are more likely during pregnancy, as well as with teenage hormonal “shocks”.

VSD of the cardiac type depends little on hormones. The symptoms, the treatment of which causes difficulties for the majority of the population, are completely the same both in adolescents and in pregnant women. The latter treatment is prescribed non-drug for mild cases. VSD according to cardiac type. This is due to the peculiarity of their position. In severe cases, consultation with a neurologist and psychiatrist is necessary to prescribe treatment that can help the woman without damaging the fetus.

VSD and service in the Republic of Armenia

More and more young boys and men are receiving an entry from doctors in their medical records " VSD according to cardiac type." Is it possible to join the army with such a diagnosis?

For a conscript who has been seen by a neurologist or in the cardiology department with such a disease, doctors are required to prescribe an examination in order to rule out other cardiac diseases. If no physical pathologies have been identified, and the symptoms are documented, the conscript is assigned to group “B”, in which he is called up only in the event of national military mobilization.

Restoration of the body and treatment for VSD

Treatment of VSD according to cardiac type is long-lasting and is prescribed by several doctors.
Medicationprimarily consists of sedatives of plant origin (valerian, motherwort).

Neurologists usually prescribe drugs that improve the ability to quickly fall asleep. Be sure to prescribe vitamins that contain potassium, manganese and others. They nourish the muscles of the heart and normalize its work. Nootropic medications, antidepressants, are taken strictly according to indications and after a detailed examination by a neurologist, cardiologist and psychiatrist.

Treatment without drugs: effective methods

Depending on the symptoms, only non-drug treatment is possible GVA for cardiac type, which is also necessary when taking medications:

Normalization of the rhythm of life. Strict alternation of active activity and rest during the day.
Strict and complete renunciation of bad habits (tobacco, any type of alcohol).
Prohibition on taking any medications without the consent of the doctor monitoring the course of the disease.
Sufficient time to sleep. Good sleeping place.
Light physical activity, preferably in the fresh air.
Therapy with aromatic oils.
Acupuncture.

Diet for dystonia

At vegetative-vascular dystonia (VDS) according to cardiac Dietitians and doctors recommend a change in diet. It should be enriched, light, but include a full range of proteins, complex carbohydrates and vegetable fats.

It is worth consuming table salt and strong spicy spices in a limited manner.

Caffeine theanine-containingdrinks should be excluded completely. Coffee and tea are replaced with herbal (chamomile, mint, lemon balm) teas and compotes without sugar.

Treatment of VSD

Timely examination and treatment VSD according to cardiac type helps improve and prolong the lives of patients. Positive dynamics are observed only with full compliance with the doctors’ recommendations and the general mood of the patient with dystonia. If a person is unwilling to change his lifestyle, the chances of a cure are minimal.

Possible complications if left untreated

Complications causedvegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) according to cardiac type, affect all parts of the heart and blood vessels, as well as other organs and systems. With dystonia, the risk of heart attacks increases many times, angina pectoris , serious heart damage. Therefore, one cannot ignore this disease and treat it with thoughtless ease.

When it comes to such a pathological condition as vegetative-vascular dystonia, the cardiac type of the disease is diagnosed in almost 50% of cases. In fact, VSD cannot be considered a completely separate disease, since this condition is rather a set of individual syndromes that are triggered when there are malfunctions in the autonomic and vascular systems of the human body.

VSD of the cardiac type is much more common in women, while in representatives of the stronger sex a similar condition with severe symptoms is observed quite rarely. As a rule, neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardiac type is manifested by all the symptoms characteristic of cardiac neurosis, that is, the main complaints of patients are related to various conditions indicating the presence of disturbances in the functioning of the heart.

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The mechanism for the development of cardiac-type VSD is rooted in dysfunction of the limbic system and hypothalamus, as a result of which the autonomic nervous system begins to uncontrollably send signals through sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. With this variant of the development of VSD, several syndromes are observed, expressed by disturbances in blood pressure and heart rhythm, as well as the presence of pain. A condition such as circular vegetative-vascular dystonia of the cardiac type can also manifest itself with other pronounced symptoms.

Against the background of changes in the functioning of the autonomic system, the creation of unfavorable conditions for the supply of oxygen and nutrients necessary for all tissues of the body is observed, which especially significantly affects the condition of the brain and heart. Against the background of NCD with a cardiac type of course, a wide variety of diseases of the heart and blood vessels can subsequently develop, so this problem cannot be ignored. The causes of the development of cardiac VSD can be divided into external and internal. Specific internal factors that can provoke VDS with cardiac manifestations include:

chronic inflammatory diseases;
degenerative-dystrophic damage to intervertebral discs in the cervical region;
some personal characteristics that predispose to suspiciousness, anxiety, etc.;
hormonal changes associated with different age-related characteristics;
physical inactivity;
hereditary predisposition.

Despite the fact that there are quite a lot of internal unfavorable factors that can provoke VSD of the cardiac type, this pathological condition is often observed in completely healthy people whose family history is not burdened by the presence of a similar problem. In such cases, VSD of the cardiac type develops due to the influence of the following external unfavorable factors:

poisoning;
poor nutrition;
intense physical activity;
hypothermia;
insolation;
work in hazardous industries;
constant exposure to stressful situations;
brain injuries;
smoking;
alcohol abuse.

Many unfavorable environmental factors, including the excessive flow of information that a person who leads a sedentary lifestyle in front of a computer passes through himself, and in addition, the absence of bright positive emotions may well provoke the development of VSD of the cardiac type. Symptoms of VSD with cardiac manifestations should in no case be ignored, since in the future, against the background of existing unfavorable factors, this pathological condition will provoke the appearance of metabolic disorders and damage to heart tissue. Thus, if at first the symptoms that appear during VSD are a consequence of disorders in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, then in the future such a problem may become a prerequisite for coronary heart disease and other diseases.

A characteristic feature of VSD of the cardiac type, which distinguishes this form of pathological condition from others, is severe pain. Discomfort and pain in the heart often confuse doctors, especially when there is no evidence of damage to the heart muscles or other cardiac problems. Pain in VSD of the cardiological type is localized in the area and can take on a squeezing, burning and even bursting character.

The only feature that may indicate that these uncomfortable sensations develop as a result of vegetative-vascular dystonia of the cardiological type is the fact that this condition always manifests itself against the background of serious experiences and stress. VSD of the cardiological type can manifest itself with a predominance of certain syndromes. Thus, several forms of VSD of the cardiac type can be identified, including:

Cardialgic form. In this case, the pain is localized in the heart area
Arrhythmic form. With this option, pain occurs against the background of cardiac arrhythmia, expressed by atrial fibrillation, extrasystole, and in rare cases, ventricular fibrillation.
Tachycardic form. In this case, attacks of rapid heartbeat occur. Tachycardia with VSD can appear quite suddenly for the patient, and disappears without additional drug treatment. Often in this case, tachycardia develops after eating, as well as under severe emotional stress.
Bradycardic form. This is a rather rare form of VSD of the cardiac type, and its characteristic feature is the predominance of a low heart rate.

There are a number of nonspecific symptoms that allow you to make a correct diagnosis and confirm the presence of VSD with cardiac manifestations. Nonspecific symptoms may be expressed:

deterioration of health when the weather changes;
deterioration of the condition during physical activity;
frequent headaches;
frequent mood changes;
tremors in the arms and legs;
lethargy;
apathy;
sleep disturbance.

Among other things, often attacks of pain during VSD of the cardiac type resemble manifestations of angina pectoris, but are not relieved by medications, including nitroglycerin. Thus, to confirm the diagnosis and prescribe treatment, it is necessary to differentiate DIC from other diseases characterized by damage to heart tissue.

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Diagnosis of a disease such as VSD of the cardiac type begins with collecting the patient’s medical history and conducting an ECG and ultrasound of the heart, which makes it possible to exclude changes in the functioning of the cardiovascular system that can provoke existing signs of the disease in a particular person. Considering that with the cardiac type of vegetative-vascular dystonia, there are painful sensations in the chest, which can cause significant discomfort to a person, drug treatment is required in this case.

Treatment of VSD of the cardiac type is carried out using:

sedatives;
antidepressants;
nootropics;
beta blockers;
peripheral cholinomimetics;
cerebroprotectors;
tranquilizers.

Sedatives can increase the nervous system's resistance to stress and emotional tension. Tranquilizers are used when patients show signs of bradycardia. In addition, they help normalize the functioning of the nervous system and have an antiarrhythmic effect. Antideprisants are a necessary component in the treatment of those people who are prone to increased anxiety and irritability, and in addition, they help normalize mood.

Medicines such as nootropics help increase the resistance of brain tissue to hypoxia and other adverse factors. Cerebrotectors help normalize blood circulation in the brain. Peripheral cholinomimetics lead to an increase in heart rate. Drugs such as beta blockers help reduce the influence of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which leads to stabilization of the heart rhythm and pulse rate.

In addition, some non-drug agents can be used to stabilize the condition of patients. In advanced cases, patients may be shown electrophoresis with novocaine, Charcot's shower, massage, eroion therapy, hydromassage. In some cases, reflexology and acupuncture have a good effect. In addition, people suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia with cardiac symptoms are required to perform a complex of physical therapy, as well as adhere to the rules of therapeutic nutrition.

Nutritional therapy is a particularly important component, since most patients develop tachycardia after eating. In patients with a tendency to strong emotional experiences, classes with a psychologist and auto-training, which allow one to develop a person’s resistance to stressful situations, have a good effect. Treatment of VSD should be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician, and with strict adherence to the drug dosage regimen.

Prevention of cardiac VSD

Those people who have previously been diagnosed with VSD with a cardiac type of course need to carefully monitor their physical and emotional health. In order to prevent the reappearance of obvious symptoms after drug treatment, a person should, if possible, reduce the emotional stress and not get into stressful situations, and in addition, organize their day correctly.

People suffering from VSD must sleep at least 8 hours a day, and it is very important to learn to go to bed and wake up at the same time.

To prevent the occurrence of new attacks caused by VSD of the cardiac type, various types of breathing exercises can be used, which can not only relieve emotional stress, but also improve the condition of blood vessels due to the supply of more oxygen.

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Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) is a disease characterized by dysregulation of the tone primarily of the cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular syndrome in VSD

Many experts have criticized the very concept of vegetative-vascular dystonia due to the absence of this pathology in the International Classification of Diseases of various revisions. In the ICD 10th revision, VSD is located in the block of other nervous system disorders and may have codes G 90, G 90.8, G 90.9, indicating a particular lesion of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes the disease can be hidden under codes F 45-49 ─ neurotic, stress-related disorders.

This pathology affects the entire body, its manifestations can affect any organ system. That article will talk about VSD of the cardiac type: what it is, what its causes are and how to deal with it.

Causes and provoking factors

Contribute to the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia, including cardiac type:

Chronic stress.
Depressive states.
Asthenic personality, increased anxiety, tendency to focus on negative feelings and intensify them.
Regular overwork, lack of sleep.
Heavy physical activity or physical inactivity.
Poor nutrition, vitamin deficiency.
Diseases of the endocrine system.
Chronic diseases or intoxications that deplete the body's defenses (for example, chronic viral or bacterial infection).

The disease is multi-etiological; each patient has his own unique set of predisposing factors.

Variants of VSD according to cardiac type

Pain or discomfort in the heart area - symptoms of VSD of the cardialgic type

Vegetative-vascular dystonia of the cardiac type manifests itself in several syndromes with a specific set of symptoms:

Tachycardic. Characterized by the presence of attacks of rapid heartbeat. These symptoms are most often observed in children.
Bradycardic. Patients with this variant of VSD experience dizziness and fainting. Often these signs appear during physical stress.
Cardialgic. Complaints from patients with this type of VSD include aching or stabbing pain in the heart area. Discomfort in the chest can occur both during exercise and at rest. Similar symptoms occur more often than others in medical practice.
Hypertensive. The main manifestation is periodic or persistent increases in blood pressure. The pressure returns to normal on its own after rest. As a consequence of the release of large amounts of catecholamines, sympathoadrenal crises occur.
Hypotonic. A decrease in blood pressure can be combined with headache, aching pain in the heart area, irritability and general weakness. Dizziness and lightheadedness are common.

Weakness and fatigue with little exercise can be symptoms of VSD

All of the listed complaints occur against the background of general ill-being, the following are observed:

fears and panic attacks;
insomnia, frequent awakenings at night;
frequent urge to urinate;
a feeling of numbness and other unpleasant sensations (pins and needles) in the limbs;
episodes of difficulty breathing;
weakness and fatigue, apathy, unwillingness to do anything;
slight increase in body temperature;
attacks of nausea and even vomiting.

General manifestations are varied and multifaceted, individual in each case.

Diagnostic features

A patient with vegetative-vascular dystonia can go to the clinic at his place of residence. He will be assisted by a therapist and, if necessary, a neurologist or cardiologist. Sometimes, to carry out complex diagnostic and therapeutic measures, the doctor may suggest hospitalization.

It is especially important for a general practitioner or cardiologist to distinguish vegetative-vascular dystonia of the cardiac type from serious diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

At a therapist's appointment

Patients with VSD, as a rule, are younger than people with cardiovascular pathology, and the physical sensations they describe are greatly influenced by their psycho-emotional state.

However, the doctor carries out all necessary diagnostic procedures, which may include:

clinical and biochemical blood tests;
specific markers of myocardial damage;
general urine analysis;
ECG, daily ECG monitoring;
Ultrasound of the heart;
stress tests.

The exact list of studies required in a particular case is determined by the attending doctor.

In patients with VSD, the examination may not reveal any data indicating a pathology of the cardiovascular system, or the changes may be minimal (for example, incomplete block of the right bundle branch) and not pose a danger.

Depression under the guise of VSD

Sometimes the reasons for the development of symptoms similar to vegetative-vascular dystonia of the cardiac type lie deeper. There may be masked depression hidden behind it. Clinical signs characteristic of a depressive disorder fade into the background and may not even appear in the patient’s complaints.

The correct diagnosis in this case depends entirely on the skill of the doctor ─ on how attentive he is in analyzing the information obtained during the examination of the patient.

Depression can be an independent phenomenon or develop against the background of VSD

VSD and pregnancy

Vegetative-vascular dystonia, manifested during pregnancy, can complicate the course of the latter. The causes of the disease are most often the emotional stress of the expectant mother and changing hormonal levels.

If the manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia, which flows according to the cardiac type, were disturbing to an interesting point, then the symptoms, as a rule, are somewhat aggravated.

The hypertensive variant of VSD is especially unfavorable for the baby; it is a prerequisite for the occurrence of late toxicosis ─ gestosis.

For a pregnant woman suffering from symptoms of cardiac VSD or any other type, it is necessary at least during pregnancy:

Get your daily routine in order and get a good night's sleep.
Protect yourself from stress as much as possible.
Take care of regular and balanced nutrition.
Be active ─ don’t sit still, don’t forget about walks in the fresh air, swimming in the pool.
Try various relaxation techniques: breathing exercises, yoga, massage, aromatherapy.
Don't be discouraged, maintain a positive attitude, receive positive emotions.

Normalizing the psychological situation will make the pregnant woman feel better

Pregnant women rarely resort to medications, only when absolutely necessary. In addition, all medications taken by a woman at this time must be safe for the health of the child.

Treatment approaches

If the main cause of a patient’s physical ill-being is psycho-emotional problems, masked depression, then many experts agree that psychotherapy is an integral tool in the treatment of such a patient.

Sedatives and adaptogens of plant origin, complexes of vitamins and microelements, metabolic drugs that improve the condition of blood vessels and microcirculation are actively used as medicinal therapy.

If necessary, it is possible to combine psychotherapeutic treatment with one of the following groups of drugs: antidepressants, anxiolytics, nootropics, etc.

Sometimes there is a need to relieve the most severe symptoms. Here the doctor has beta blockers, antihypertensives and other drugs in stock, depending on the patient’s complaints.

Traditional treatments include taking baths and using herbal teas with soothing properties.

Physical activity has a good effect in both children and adults suffering from VSD ─ at least half an hour a day should be devoted to one kind of physical activity or another. This could be swimming, general strengthening gymnastics or a brisk walk in the fresh air - everyone is free to choose an activity to their liking.

VSD of the cardiac type is difficult to diagnose, as it requires the exclusion of many other diseases that manifest with similar symptoms. However, a timely and comprehensive approach to its treatment significantly improves the patient’s condition and restores his joy of life.