Stages of healing of the hole after tooth extraction and possible complications. Local anesthesia is used for pain relief. What are the symptoms after removal

23.09.2012 17:12

Simple tooth extraction "all inclusive" - 2500 rub
Extraction of a tooth with periodontal disease - 1500 rub
Removal of a permanent tooth (difficult) - resorcinol formalin / boron separation by machine / wisdom tooth - 4000 rub
Removal of impacted (dystopic) wisdom tooth - 5500 rub
Removal of an impacted (dystopic) “wisdom” tooth using an ultrasound machine - 7500 rub

Tooth extraction is a full-fledged operation, after which certain unpleasant consequences may arise, caused both by the behavior of the patient himself and by factors beyond his control. Complications can also arise during the operation, since the extraction of some teeth can be very difficult: due to the large size of the root or strong bone tissue, incisions have to be made, which, after a successful operation, are sutured. In any case, there is no need to worry, since unprotected tissues in the postoperative period are under the maximum influence of microbes, as a result of which inflammation may occur.

Alveolitis

Very often, after the extraction of teeth, there is such a complication as alveolitis. This problem occurs when a blood clot necessary for healing has not formed at the site of the extracted tooth. In this case, the hole becomes defenseless against external influences, as a result of which an inflammatory process often develops in it. .

The key symptom of this complication is pain after tooth extraction (of varying degrees of strength). Pain may occur after 2-3 days. At the same time, the mucous membrane of the gums swells, the edges of the hole become inflamed, there is no blood clot in the hole of the tooth, and perhaps the hole is filled with food debris. The patient may have a fever, sometimes there is pain when swallowing. At the same time, the hole itself is covered with a dirty-gray coating that emits an unpleasant odor. Simultaneously with these symptoms, the patient often feels general malaise, swollen lymph nodes, slight swelling, fever, pain in the area of the extracted tooth.

The main causes of alveolitis

Alveolitis is a disease that is not associated with the introduction of infection into the hole of the tooth due to the work of a non-sterile instrument. The disease develops with the participation of those microbes that are normally found in the oral cavity of each person.

So, teeth are usually removed due to the fact that in the area of \u200b\u200btheir roots such chronic foci of inflammation are localized that cannot be eliminated by conservative methods.

Therefore, the hole of the extracted tooth is primarily infected, and the concentration of microorganisms in it is quite high. If a person is healthy, and all immune systems are functioning normally, then the microflora is suppressed and the hole heals without complications. In the event that there are any local or general failures in the mechanisms of the body's reactivity, the likelihood of developing inflammatory complications in the hole increases significantly.

Thus, the following local and general causes can contribute to the development of alveolitis:

long-term existence of chronic inflammatory foci with frequent exacerbations, as well as exacerbation of a chronic inflammatory process;
traumatic removal, when conditions arise for the destruction of the created barrier and the penetration of microflora deep into the tissues;
the absence of a blood clot in the hole of the extracted tooth (the clot did not form, or the patient did not follow the doctor's instructions and the clot was removed - this usually happens when the patient is inattentive to the doctor's recommendations and diligently rinses out the tooth hole);
general changes in the body due to stress, recent colds (infectious or viral) diseases, the presence of chronic diseases (mainly endocrine), especially in the stage of decompensation, general physical exhaustion, etc.

Treatment consists in relieving inflammation with local and general remedies. Sometimes it is sufficient to simply thoroughly rinse the well with antiseptic solutions, and then treat it with a special aseptic ointment or paste. Then, with the help of antibiotics and vitamins, general anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out. But sometimes the treatment is delayed up to 1.5 - 2 weeks. In some cases, with this complication, physiotherapy or laser therapy can be prescribed.

Alveolar bleeding

One of the most common complications after tooth extraction is alveolar bleeding, which can occur immediately after surgery, within the next hour, day, and sometimes more than a day after tooth extraction.

The main causes of bleeding

Early alveolar bleeding can be caused by the use of adrenaline: when it stops its action, a short vasodilation occurs, which causes bleeding.
Late hole bleeding can occur due to a violation of the doctor's recommendations in the postoperative period - mainly as a result of external disturbance of the hole of the extracted tooth.
Local causes of alveolar bleeding include various physical injuries in the area of the hole of the extracted tooth: damage to the gums, breakage of part of the alveoli or interradicular septum, development of inflammation in the area of the extracted tooth, damage to blood vessels in the palate and under the tongue.
The causes of the general nature of the appearance of alveolar bleeding are most often associated with various concomitant diseases of the patient (leukemia, scarlet fever, jaundice, sepsis, hypertension, etc.).

Treatment of this complication after tooth extraction

The effectiveness of stopping hole bleeding depends on how correctly the causes and source of bleeding were identified.

If the blood comes from the soft tissues of the gums, then sutures are applied to the edges of the wound.
If blood comes from a vessel in the wall of the tooth hole, then first cold is applied locally in the form of an ice pack, then the bleeding vessel is tightly squeezed and a swab soaked in a special hemostatic agent is placed in the hole, which is removed no earlier than 5 days later.
In the event that local measures do not help, dentists turn to general hemostatic agents that increase blood clotting.

paresthesia

Much less often, after tooth extraction, a complication such as paresthesia can occur, which is caused by nerve damage during the tooth extraction process. The main symptom of paresthesia is numbness in the tongue, chin, cheeks, and lips. Paresthesia, as a rule, is a temporary phenomenon, disappearing in a period of 1-2 days to several weeks.

Treatment of paresthesia is carried out through therapy with vitamins of groups B and C, as well as injections of dibazol and galantamine.

Changing the position of adjacent teeth after tooth extraction

After the extraction of teeth, defects can often form in the jaw, and adjacent teeth begin to tilt towards the formed defect, and the antagonist tooth from the opposite jaw begins to move towards the defect, which leads to a violation of the chewing process. At the same time, the masticatory load sharply increases, the usual state of the jaws is disturbed and bite deformity develops, which can greatly affect the general condition of the teeth. In this case, it is recommended to replace the extracted tooth with an artificial one using bridges, implants, removable partial dentures.

All kinds of injuries that occurred in the process of tooth extraction

Often, when the second premolar and molars of the upper jaw are removed, perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus , the consequence of which is the communication of the oral cavity and the nasal cavity through the sinus.

The reasons are as follows:

(subject to the correct careful actions of the doctor)

anatomical features: the roots of the above teeth are close to the bottom of the sinus, and in some cases there is no bone septum at all;
the presence of a chronic inflammatory focus at the top of the tooth, which destroys the already thinned bone plate.

If, after the removal of the premolars or molars of the upper jaw, a message nevertheless occurs, the doctor must, on the same visit, use one of the known methods to eliminate it.

One contraindication:

The presence of a purulent inflammatory process in the sinus (acute purulent maxillary sinusitis). If the message is not diagnosed and eliminated in time, then the patient feels the ingress of liquid and liquid food into the nose. In this case, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. If the appeal to the doctor is postponed, then a chronic inflammatory process will inevitably develop in the sinus, which will require more serious and technically complex treatment.

Potential complications during a tooth extraction procedure include:

Damage to neighboring teeth. Adjacent teeth or dentures (eg, crowns, bridges, implants) adjacent to the extracted tooth may sometimes be damaged during the procedure. Neighboring teeth can become broken, chipped or loosened during the extraction of a tooth or teeth, sometimes requiring more dentist time.
Tooth fracture. The tooth may break during the extraction process, making the procedure more difficult and requiring more time and effort to complete the extraction. You may have to extract the tooth in parts. By the way, the process of extracting a tooth in parts can cause complications after tooth extraction.
Incomplete tooth extraction. A small part of the tooth root can be left in the jawbone. While this may increase the risk of infection, sometimes the dentist will choose not to try to extract it. because the removal can be too dangerous, for example, if it is very close to the nerve.
Jaw fracture. Patients with weak jawbone structure (such as older women with osteoporosis) may be at risk of jaw fracture. Even if the actual tooth extraction procedure is performed smoothly without any problems, there are cases of complications during the recovery period. Most often, a fracture of the jaw (on the lower jaw) occurs when the "wisdom teeth" are removed and on the upper jaw - the detachment of the tubercle of the upper jaw.
Removal of part of the alveolar ridge- occurs when the tooth is removed incorrectly, when the tongs are placed directly on the bone surrounding the tooth and the tooth is removed along with it. In this case, there is an extensive bone defect and cosmetic (especially in the anterior-frontal area). This problem can be solved only with the help of plasty using artificial bone tissue and special protective membranes.
Removal of a milk tooth and a germ of a permanent tooth - Occurs due to inattention or insufficient professionalism of the doctor. When a milk tooth is removed (very often there are no tooth roots, since they dissolve before the change of teeth), the doctor begins to look for them in the tooth socket and perceives the germ of a permanent tooth as the roots of the milk tooth.

Remember the main thing: you should trust your doctor and actively participate in the treatment yourself, i.e. unquestioningly and carefully follow all the recommendations. And if you suspect in terms of the development of complications - do not delay and do not hesitate to consult a doctor again.

Despite the many modern effective methods of treating dental diseases, it is not possible to save a decaying tooth in every case.

Often the reason lies in the abuse of self-medication and untimely access to a specialist.

As a result, the tooth has to be removed. This procedure, although perfected by dentists to the smallest detail, is not as harmless as it might seem.

Among the consequences of this operation, there can be both minor complications of a local scale, and quite complex pathologies.

Inflammation of the hole as a result of its infection, called alveolitis, occurs in 30-40% of cases of tooth extraction. It occurs due to a violation of the blood clot at the site of the missing molar. This can happen for one of the following reasons:

non-compliance with the recommendations of the dentist in the postoperative period;
complex surgical intervention as a result of structural features of the dentoalveolar row;
reduced immunity;
dental errors during the procedure.

The main signs of alveolitis are the absence of a blood clot in the hole, swelling and inflammation of the mucous membrane, an increase in body temperature and lymph nodes.

If the symptoms of the disease persist for more than three days after surgery, it is necessary to examine a specialist and prescribe general and local drugs to relieve the inflammatory process.

Perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus

The main causes of rupture of the bottom of the maxillary sinus are as follows:

the location of the dental roots inside the maxillary sinus or close to its bottom;
thinning of bone tissue due to certain dental diseases.

Perforation of the maxillary sinus is manifested in bleeding with the formation of air bubbles from the resulting hole, the release of blood from the nose, and acute pain.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology should be made immediately. With minor changes, it is enough to apply a tampon to the damaged area, which promotes the formation of a blood clot.

If the damage is pronounced or was noticed out of time, plastic closure of the damaged area may be required, which is preceded by measures to eliminate inflammation.

Injuries

Often, complications after tooth extraction are associated with mechanical trauma to the gum or periodontal tissue or damage to adjacent teeth.

The reason for the occurrence of such situations can be both the anatomical features of the structure of the dentoalveolar row, and the unskilled actions of the dentist.

fracture

Tooth breakage in the crown or root part can occur due to the peculiarities of its location or structural pathologies as a result of certain dental diseases.

Symptoms of this complication are pain at the site of the extracted tooth, swelling and inflammation of the gum tissue.

To remove the broken off part of the root, another surgical intervention may be required, which is carried out after preliminary examinations with an x-ray.

Dislocation or fracture of neighboring units

Damage to the teeth adjacent to the molar to be removed can occur if the elements of the jaw row are too close.

In this case, poor access to the required molar often leads to chipping of tissue on adjacent teeth.

In addition, when using an insufficiently stable tooth as a support during the operation, its dislocation or fracture may occur.

To avoid these complications, the dentist needs to carefully consider the course of the operation, as well as carefully approach the choice of instruments.

Fracture of the alveolar ridge

The main causes of damage to the area of the alveolar ridge:

pathology of the structure of the dentition;
deformation of bone tissue as a result of past dental diseases;
insufficiently careful movements of the dentist.

Most often, this complication occurs with the complex removal of elements of the upper jaw. To eliminate it, alveoplasty is used using protective membranes and bone tissue.

gum damage

As a result of extracting a molar in a hard-to-reach area of the oral cavity, the dentist can cause unintentional damage to soft tissues.

Often this is accompanied by an insufficient view of the operated area, as a result of which the circular ligament is not completely separated from the neck of the tooth, which provokes gingival rupture.

To avoid damage to the gums, dentists often use the method of detaching the gums in the area of adjacent teeth.

If a rupture has occurred, excessively damaged areas of the tissue are cut off, and the edges are sutured.

Damage to the oral mucosa

Injury to the oral mucosa often accompanies complex tooth extraction, which is carried out in several stages using a large number of instruments.

Also, the cause may be insufficiently high-quality anesthesia, as a result of which the patient performs minor movements caused by painful sensations.

As a result, dental instruments can slip, causing mucosal injuries of varying severity.

Pushing the root into soft tissues

This complication is most often observed during the extraction of the lower molars. The cause, as a rule, is a pathological change in the structure of the alveolar wall as a result of previous inflammation.

In addition, a complication can occur due to the application of excessive efforts by the dentist or unreliable fixation of the alveolar process.

If there is a possibility of palpation of the displaced root, its removal occurs by dissecting soft tissue.

If it is not possible to probe the root, additional diagnostic methods are required: x-ray, computed tomography.

Pushing the root into the sinus of the upper jaw

This situation occurs with inaccurate movements of the dentist during the extraction of the upper teeth, especially when the root and sinus are separated only by the mucous membrane. Diagnosis of complications is carried out by questioning the patient and the results of radiography.

In order to avoid pushing the root into the maxillary sinus, dentists are required to perform the most detailed preliminary examination of the structure of the patient's oral cavity and the condition of all its elements and tissues.

Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint

This complication is most common in elderly patients. The cause of this phenomenon may be too wide opening of the mouth, as well as too much pressure of the instruments on the jaw during the extraction of the molars of the lower row.

The key symptom of dislocation is the inability to fully connect the jaws. To diagnose the complication, palpation is used to determine the displacement of the heads of the condylar process.

Treatment involves repositioning the dislocated joint by an appropriate specialist..

Dislocation of the lower jaw

The occurrence of dislocation of the lower jaw in most cases is diagnosed in elderly patients. Clinical symptoms - the inability to close the mouth and severe pain. The jaw can be shifted to one side or the other (unilateral dislocation) or pushed forward (bilateral).

To avoid complications, dentists fix the patient's lower jaw with their hand during tooth extraction.

Fracture of the lower jaw

The complication is quite rare, mainly when excessive pressure is created during the extraction of the last and penultimate molars.

As a rule, this is accompanied by the advanced age of the patient or the presence of osteoporosis and undiagnosed bone pathologies.

To avoid fracture during tooth extraction, dentists rely on the results of x-ray examination and evaluation of the “indirect loading” symptom.

For the treatment of a fracture of the lower jaw, reposition and fixation of bone fragments using dental splints or osteosynthesis can be used.

Loss of consciousness

A brief loss of consciousness or fainting can occur both during the operation to remove a tooth, and after its completion.

The reason for this phenomenon is a decrease in the amount of oxygen entering the brain, as a result of excessive psycho-emotional stress.

Often, loss of consciousness is not a serious pathology, since the patient wakes up after relaxing tight clothing, fresh air and bringing ammonia to the nose.

dry hole

The absence of a blood clot in the hole, accompanied by severe pain and inflammation, is also a complication that occurs after tooth extraction.

Most often, the cause of the formation of a dry socket is the wrong actions of the patient - frequent rinsing of the operated area of the jaw, eating solid food and other violations of the rules for caring for the oral cavity.

If this pathology is detected, it is necessary to contact a specialist to select anti-inflammatory drugs or clean the hole, if necessary.

Bleeding

Bleeding from a hole formed at the site of an extracted tooth can occur both during and after surgery.

There can be many reasons for this phenomenon:

damage to blood vessels or the alveolar ridge during the operation;
concomitant diseases and infections;
non-compliance with the recommendations of the dentist in the postoperative period.

In addition to obvious bleeding, in some cases there may be a hidden hemorrhage in soft tissues, which manifests itself in the formation of hematomas on the gums and cheeks.

In this case, you should immediately contact your dentist for professional help.

Neuritis of the inferior alveolar nerve

The occurrence of neuritis of the lower alveolar nerve is often associated with the presence of chronic periodontitis in a patient.

The complication is accompanied by the occurrence of severe pain and an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, swelling of the treated gum area, numbness of the lips and chin.

It may take 1.5-2 months to fully restore the functionality of the lower alveolar nerve. Treatment in each situation is individual.

paresthesia

During manipulations to extract a tooth, a complication called paresthesia may occur - damage to the nerves located in the treated area.

Most often, this situation occurs when the third molar is removed. The reason may be both the fault of the dentist, and the complexity of the structure and location of the removed element of the row.

Paresthesia is expressed in numbness of the tongue, lips and some areas of the cheeks and chin. In the case of a minor lesion, the restoration of sensitivity takes no more than two weeks.

In more complex situations, a consultation with a neurologist and a specialist in maxillofacial surgery is required.

Temperature

A slight increase in body temperature after a surgical intervention, which is the extraction of a tooth, is often observed for 2-3 days.

As a rule, the thermometer reaches 37-37.5 degrees during the day, and in the evening it can rise to 38 degrees.

A dangerous factor is an increase in temperature to 39 degrees or its persistence for more than three days. In this case, you need to contact a specialist to find out the cause.

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone tissue occurs after tooth extraction is quite rare, however, it can lead to serious consequences.

The main symptoms of pathology:

severe pain at the site of the extracted tooth;
gray plaque in the area of the hole, when pressed on which pus is released;
temperature increase;
increased weakness;
headache;
swollen lymph nodes;
sudden changes in blood pressure.

Osteomyelitis can develop against the background of reduced immunity or advanced alveolitis.

For the treatment of the disease, both surgical and medical methods are used, which are complemented by symptomatic therapy. Osteomyelitis should only be treated by a dentist.

Changing the position of neighboring units

As a result of the appearance of free space in the jaw row after tooth extraction, a gradual displacement of neighboring elements to the appeared place can be observed.

The result of this movement is often an increase in crowding of the teeth and the development of bite defects.

To prevent this phenomenon, dentists recommend not to delay the implantation or installation of a prosthesis.

Allergy

The use of anesthetic drugs during the extraction of a tooth can cause an allergic reaction. With a slight allergy, the skin and mucous membranes can become covered with small rashes.

However, the reaction of the body can be more serious, up to the occurrence of edema of the respiratory tract and anaphylactic shock, which require the immediate provision of qualified medical care.

In order to avoid serious consequences, during a consultation with a dentist, it is necessary to indicate the drugs to which you are allergic.

Troubled eights

Complications after the elimination of the last molars are quite common, which is associated with difficult access to this area of the dentition.

In addition to the above consequences, problems such as hematomas, the formation of a cyst or flux, the development of stomatitis as a result of infection may occur.

It should be understood that for 2-3 days in the area of the extracted tooth, aching pain may persist, and the body temperature may be slightly elevated.

If these sensations do not disappear, a few days after the operation, you should seek help from a specialist.

Baby teeth

Tooth extraction may be required not only in adults, but also in childhood, if the row element was severely affected by caries.

In this case, a specific complication may arise. The root of a baby tooth has the ability to dissolve on its own and in some cases the dentist may mistake the germ of a permanent one for it.

When the rudiment of a permanent tooth is removed, there is no longer any possibility of its growth.

Prevention

The course of the postoperative period as a result of tooth extraction depends not only on the qualifications and experience of the dentist, but also on the actions of the patient himself. In preparation for the operation, you should:

stop drinking alcohol on the eve of the operation;
warn the attending physician about the presence of allergic reactions to certain drugs and medications taken;
report on existing chronic diseases.

After the operation, it is also necessary to observe some important points:

the swab must be removed from the hole after 15-20 minutes after the end of the extraction;
refuse to eat within 3-4 hours after the procedure;
avoid eating hard, hot and spicy foods for three days after surgery;
give up physical activity, visits to baths and saunas, solarium;
refrain from rinsing the mouth to avoid washing out the blood clot;
follow the procedures prescribed by the dentist.

If pain, swelling and inflammation occur in the area of the extracted tooth, you should immediately seek professional help.

You can learn about the causes of complications after tooth extraction and their symptoms from the video.

Toothache not only takes away the joys of life, but is also dangerous to health. That is why dentists do not advise ignoring it, muffling it with painkillers and postponing treatment until tomorrow. With the possibilities of modern dentistry, tooth extraction is a last resort. However, in advanced cases, this procedure cannot be dispensed with.

Tooth extraction is implantation or prosthetics in the future, for which it is important to be financially prepared. However, first, an operation is to be performed in the office of a dentist-surgeon. Manipulations take place under local anesthesia, sometimes they bring significant relief. For this, you will have to be patient and carefully care for the oral cavity after removal. Wound healing has its own nuances, and if hygiene rules are not followed, serious complications are possible.

How long should the hole heal?

After tooth extraction, a hole remains, which is a source of increased attention. During the operation, the surgeon violates the integrity of blood vessels and nerves, damages neighboring soft tissues. As a result, the site of injury may become inflamed and bleed. Its healing is usually accompanied by the following symptoms:

pain in the area of the extracted tooth;
pain can radiate to the ear, eye, neighboring tissues;
rise in body temperature;
difficulty in swallowing, swelling, other disorders of the jaw.

All these consequences are considered the norm, but they should gradually fade away, and not progress. Many factors influence the successful healing of the gums. The main ones are proper oral care, the state of the body, and the rate of blood clotting. Until a blood clot appears that closes the wound (this takes up to three hours), there is a risk of infection entering it.

Stages of healing with a photo

For a complete recovery, it will take much more time, since healing after removal takes place both in the tooth socket and in the gum. They behave differently in this case:

With the extirpation of the wisdom tooth, the formation of new tissues will end by the end of the first month (we recommend reading: how long does the hole heal after the removal of the wisdom tooth?). When looking for a photo with a tooth socket at different times, this point should be taken into account so as not to be upset that the process is going wrong. Excessive stress will not benefit health, it will delay the healing period.

3 days after removal

Normally, the wound does not bleed on the 3rd day. The clot, which was burgundy on the first day, becomes lighter, acquires a yellowish tint. Its color is determined by natural physiological processes. Hemoglobin (the red component) is gradually washed out by saliva, but the fibrin framework is preserved. It forms the basis of a blood clot that prevents bleeding from the wound.

No need to climb into the problem area with your hands, injure with toothpicks and a brush. The wound heals according to the principle of secondary tension, from the edges to the center. If these conditions are not observed and hygiene is not observed, suppuration at the place of removal is possible after 1-3 days. This alveolitis is a dangerous complication with a complex of unpleasant symptoms. The gum becomes inflamed, the pain intensifies, the hole is filled with food or saliva, or empty, the blood clot is injured or absent. If time does not start treatment, the disease threatens with phlegmon, abscess, sepsis.

Day 5

By day 4-5, the color of the tooth socket normally becomes even lighter, the wound heals, as can be seen in the photo. The place of removal can still whine and bother. If the pain is not severe, there is no bad breath, inflammation or swelling of the gums, the process is going as it should. At this time, it is important to observe oral hygiene, try to talk less and not chew on the problem side of the jaw.

Day 7

For 7-8 days, the pain subsides. Granulations gradually replace the blood clot, only in the center of the tooth hole you can see its traces. Outside, the wound is covered with a layer of epithelium, and bone tissue is actively formed inside. If discomfort, swelling of the gums, painful sensations appear, you should see a dentist. It may be necessary to re-process the well and lay the medication. In practice, if the patient followed the instructions after tooth extraction, complications rarely occur.

Factors affecting the rate of gum healing

How long does tissue heal after extirpation? Each patient has their own regeneration time. The following factors influence the process:

Causes of inflammation of the hole

Inflammation of the tooth socket, the soft tissues surrounding it or the periosteum cannot be missed (we recommend reading: what to do if the periosteum sticks out after tooth extraction?). The process is accompanied by pain, swelling in the problem area, general malaise. Often the body temperature rises, it becomes painful to speak, swallow. Inflammation of the hole is caused by such factors:

infection with SARS, infections after removal (it is important to be healthy at the time of the operation);
weakened immunity due to diet, any disease;
the presence of carious teeth, from where pathogenic bacteria pass to other parts of the oral cavity;
improperly selected anesthesia;
poor processing of instruments, non-compliance with sanitary conditions during manipulations, as a result of which an infection penetrates the wound;
serious damage to the gums during extirpation;
the cyst from the extracted tooth remained in the hole.

In any situation that interferes with the healing process of the socket after tooth extraction, a dental surgeon should be consulted. Perhaps an X-ray, a complete blood count, an autopsy and repeated cleaning will be shown. In addition, the doctor will prescribe physiotherapy and supportive medications to improve well-being. After cleaning, the doctor puts Neomycin powder (antibiotic) in the hole, closes it with a swab. Symptoms of inflammation after that disappear within 1-2 days.

What to do if after a week the gum still hurts?

Normally, the pain in the soft tissues subsides gradually, and already on the 7th day the patient does not feel severe discomfort. However, with difficult removal, the gum heals for a long time, it hurts at night. In this case, you should contact the doctor who removed the tooth. At home, pain relievers (Tempalgin, Nalgezin, Nurofen, Solpadein) and rinsing will ease suffering:

weak soda solution;
a solution of furacilin (1-2 tablets per glass of water);
decoction of calendula, sage or oak bark;
antibacterial drug Miramistin.

How to properly care for the gums after tooth extraction?

Tooth extraction should be agreed as a last resort, when modern methods of dentistry are not able to restore it. If extirpation cannot be avoided, it should be entrusted to an experienced surgeon with a good reputation.

The procedure will take place under local anesthesia, the doctor will not let you go home until he is sure that the bleeding from the hole has stopped. Self-absorbable cones with iodine, other antiseptic and hemostatic drugs are placed in it.

In addition, the doctor advises on wound care in the first days. The rules after tooth extraction are as follows:

you should slowly get out of your chair and go out into the corridor;
sit for about 20 minutes (sudden movements and fuss can cause unwanted bleeding);
do not eat or drink for 3 hours after manipulation;
do not rinse your mouth for the first 2 days;
do not touch and do not get the turunda in the hole if the doctor left it;
if a white clot, a swab with the medicine that was put during the intervention, fell out, you need to rinse your mouth with a solution of chlorhexidine and be sure to know how to do it correctly;
when food gets into the wound after tooth extraction, do not pick with a toothpick, but rinse gently;
make "baths" for the hole with an antiseptic, as the doctor advises;
when chewing, try not to touch the affected area;
during cleaning, do not touch the problem area, so as not to break the clot;
from the third day, rinse your mouth with decoctions of herbs or antiseptic solutions;
use local preparations according to the recommendations of the dentist (Solcoseryl gel, Metrogil denta);
for pain and inflammation, do cold 15-minute compresses on the cheek;
you can not heat the problem area, take a bath, steam in the sauna;
avoid alcohol, smoking, physical activity (we recommend reading: how many days after tooth extraction can you drink alcohol?);
see a doctor if the hole with a clot turns black.

What does a normal healing hole look like after a while? Neat, not inflamed, without pain and discomfort. When this is not the case, a dentist should be consulted. He will carry out activities that will prevent infection or relieve inflammation.

Complications during tooth extraction can occur during the operation (intraoperative) and after its completion. Complications can also be divided into general and local.
Common complications include: fainting, collapse, hypertensive crisis and similar conditions. The occurrence of these complications, as a rule, is associated with the psycho-emotional state of the patient, inadequate anesthesia and traumatic removal. Assistance in this case is carried out according to the principles of emergency therapy.

Local complications arising during tooth extraction

Local complications are divided into intraoperative, arising in the process of tooth extraction, and early - in the postoperative period.

One of the most common complications is a fracture of the crown or root of the tooth.

Intraoperative complications

Fracture of the crown or root of the extracted tooth is the most common. It is associated with a significant damage to the tooth by the carious process, and sometimes depends on the anatomical features of the structure of the root and the surrounding bone tissue. Often this complication occurs due to a violation of the technique of the operation: improper application of forceps (non-compliance with the rule of coincidence of the axis of the cheeks with the axis of the tooth), their insufficient advancement, sudden movements during dislocation of the tooth, rough and incorrect use of elevators. In the event of a fracture of the tooth root, it is necessary to continue the intervention using root forceps or a drill. Leaving a broken part of the root in the hole can lead to the development of an inflammatory process in the surrounding tissues.
If for some reason (deterioration of the general condition, technical difficulties, etc.) the broken root cannot be removed, the operation is completed, and the wound is, if possible, sutured or covered with iodoform turunda. Anti-inflammatory therapy and physiotherapy are prescribed. A second operation to remove the residual root is carried out after 7-14 days. By this time, inflammation usually subsides.
Fracture or dislocation of an adjacent tooth can occur if this tooth is affected by a carious process or is not sufficiently stable and is used as a support during elevator operation. When an adjacent tooth is fractured, it is removed. In case of dislocation, they set and apply a smooth splint-bracket for 3-4 weeks or perform a tooth replantation operation (with complete dislocation).

Pushing the root of the tooth into soft tissues. Most often occurs during the extraction of the third lower molar. This is facilitated by the resorption of the thin lingual wall of the alveolus as a result of the previous pathological process or breaking it off during the operation performed by the elevator. The dislocated root is displaced under the mucous membrane in the region of the maxillary-lingual groove.
If the root, located under the mucous membrane, is palpable, then it is removed after a soft tissue incision above it. When the removed root cannot be found, an X-ray examination of the lower jaw in frontal and lateral projections or CT is performed and the location of the root in the soft tissues is established. Topical diagnosis is aided by the introduction of needles into the tissue followed by x-rays. The root, displaced in the tissue of the posterior sublingual or submandibular region, is removed in a hospital.

Damage to the gums and soft tissues of the oral cavity occurs as a result of a violation of the technique of the operation and the rough work of the doctor. If the circular ligament is not completely separated from the neck of the tooth, the gum connected to it can rupture during the removal of the tooth from the socket. The imposition of forceps on the gingival mucosa around the tooth "blindly" leads to its rupture. The prevention of this complication is the separation (flaking) of the gums to the middle of two adjacent teeth. Damaged soft tissues are sutured.
Rupture of soft tissues of the oral cavity may lead to bleeding. It is stopped by suturing the damaged mucous membrane. The crushed areas of the gums are cut off, the torn ones are brought together with sutures.
Fracture (break) of the alveolar process (part) of the jaw. The imposition of the cheeks of the forceps on the edges of the hole is often accompanied by a break off of a small section of the bone. This usually does not affect subsequent healing. Most often, it is removed along with the tooth. If the broken off section of the bone is not separated from the hole along with the tooth, then it is separated from the soft tissues with a trowel or rasp and removed. The resulting sharp edges of the bone are smoothed out. With the rough use of elevators during the removal of third molars, in some cases, a detachment of the posterior part of the alveolar process occurs, sometimes with a part of the tubercle of the upper jaw. As a rule, the non-viable fragment is removed, the wound is sutured tightly or plugged with iodoform turunda.
dislocation. It can be caused by a wide opening of the mouth and excessive pressure on the jaw with instruments during the extraction of the lower small or large molars. The complication occurs more often in the elderly.
Clinical picture: the patient cannot close his mouth. On palpation of the heads of the condylar process, it can be determined that they have moved far forward beyond the slope of the articular tubercle. Their movements are significantly limited. Treatment consists in reducing the dislocation according to the standard method described in the corresponding chapter.

Dislocation prevention is atraumatic extraction of the tooth and fixation of the lower jaw with the left hand during the operation to prevent wide opening of the mouth.
Fracture of the lower jaw. This complication is extremely rare. One of the main reasons is the violation of the wisdom tooth extraction technique, when excessive force is used when removing it using the Lecluse elevator. Especially often, the risk of a fracture of the lower jaw occurs if it is necessary to remove a tooth if there is a pathological process in the bone tissue in this area (radicular or follicular cysts, chronic osteomyelitis, jaw neoplasm, etc.). Osteopenic syndrome or osteoporosis is also important, especially in old age.

The clinical picture and methods of treatment of a mandibular fracture are described in the corresponding chapter.

Perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus is a common complication in the removal of upper molars or premolars. The reason for this complication may be the anatomical features of the structure of the maxillary sinus (the close location of the roots of the teeth to the bottom of the sinus and a thin bony septum). A chronic inflammatory process in the periapical tissues (granuloma) leads to resorption of the bone septum, as a result of which the sinus mucosa is soldered to the roots of the teeth and is torn when removed. In this case, there is a communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus.
Perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus can occur through the fault of the doctor due to the wrong technique of tooth extraction, when the specialist abuses the “pushing” movements of the forceps, elevator or curettage spoon.
In case of perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus, the doctor may feel a "feeling of falling", sometimes blood with air bubbles is released from the hole. To verify that a perforation has occurred, you can use gentle probing or "nasal tests". They lie in the fact that during exhalation through the nose, pinched with fingers, the air with noise or whistle comes out of the hole.

The perforation hole can be closed by a polyp displaced by exhaled air, therefore, in this clinical situation, the "nasal test" is uninformative. In this case, it is necessary to ask the patient to inflate his cheeks, while air from the oral cavity will penetrate under pressure into the sinus, pushing the polyp away and creating a bubbling sound. In this case, the patient will not be able to inflate his cheeks.
In the case of polyposis of the maxillary sinus, it is possible to insert a probe and try to lift (push back) the polyp, then the air exhaled through the pre-clamped nose will whistle from the sinus into the oral cavity.
In the presence of a purulent process in the sinus from the socket of the tooth during the " nasal samples"pus will come out.
In the absence of an inflammatory process in the maxillary sinus, a blood clot should be formed in the hole to close the message. According to various authors, a clot forms independently in about 30% of cases.
To preserve the clot, an iodoform turunda (tight tamponade of the mouth of the hole) is applied to the mouth of the hole, which is fixed by applying an eight-shaped suture. Under the turunda, the hole is filled with blood and a clot is formed. The tampon is kept for 5-7 days. During this period, the clot in the hole begins to organize.
If, after tooth extraction, the perforation defect is significantly pronounced and there is no purulent inflammation in the maxillary sinus, it is necessary to suture the perforation in compliance with certain rules: it is necessary to smooth the sharp edges of the hole, to revise the perforation for the presence of loose fragments of the tooth or bone. Later, a trapezoid-shaped mucoperiosteal flap is cut out, with its base facing the vestibular side, it is carefully mobilized by redressing the periosteum, placed on the palatal surface of the alveolar process without tension, and sutured with non-resorbable threads. Preliminarily conduct de-epithelialization of the mucous membrane around the hole. The patient is prescribed antibiotic therapy for the prevention of development (penicillin drugs, macrolides, etc.), vasoconstrictor drugs in the form of nasal drops (tizin, ximelin, etc.), antiseptic mouth rinses with a solution of 0.005% chlorhexidine. The stitches are removed for 10-12 days.

Scheme of the incision in the plastic of the oroantral message with a vestibular flap

Scheme of suturing in plastic surgery of the oroanthral message with a vestibular flap

In the presence of an inflammatory process in the maxillary sinus, measures are taken to stop it. After the subsidence of inflammation, the operation described above is performed. If conservative measures are ineffective, the patient is hospitalized for radical maxillary sinusectomy with fistulous tract plasty.
Sometimes perforation of the maxillary sinus is accompanied by pushing the root or the whole tooth into it. As a rule, this occurs when the tongs or elevator are not advanced correctly. In this case, the tactics of the doctor will be the same as with conventional perforation. X-ray diagnostics and revision of the maxillary sinus are carried out more carefully. A fragment of a tooth or a bony portion of the socket must be removed. If it is not possible to do this on an outpatient basis, through an enlarged perforation, the patient must be hospitalized for radical maxillary sinusectomy.

Local complications arising after tooth extraction

Bleeding . Tooth extraction is accompanied by minor bleeding. As a rule, the blood coagulates after a few minutes and a blood clot forms in the socket.
However, in some cases, even after the formation of a blood clot, continued bleeding may occur, which has a number of reasons.
For common reasons includes an increase in blood pressure associated with hypertension or an increase in psycho-emotional stress that accompanies a tooth extraction operation. You should also pay attention to the diseases that the patient may suffer from. These are diseases of the blood coagulation and anticoagulation system (hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, Werlhof's disease, Rendu-Osler's disease, etc.). The nature of the drugs that the patient may take, such as anticoagulants, also matters. Attention is drawn to patients suffering from cirrhosis and other liver diseases, due to impaired prothrombin synthesis. Prevention of bleeding there may be a thorough history taking, a detailed examination of the patient, in particular, a mandatory measurement of blood pressure before the intervention. Carrying out activities that reduce psycho-emotional stress.
Local causes of bleeding are associated with the presence of an inflammatory process in the surrounding tissues and a traumatically performed tooth extraction operation.
First of all, it is necessary to determine where the bleeding comes from: from the bone hole of the extracted tooth or from soft tissues. To do this, fingers squeeze the edges of the hole. If the bleeding stops, then it arose from the soft tissues, and if not, then from the bone. When bleeding from soft tissues, they are stitched with interrupted sutures with a resorbable thread (vicryl). It is usually enough to flash the gum on both sides of the hole and tie knots tightly.
Bleeding from the bone is stopped by destruction and compression of bone beams by gentle tapping with a curettage spoon or elevator along the bottom or walls of the hole. If this is ineffective, the hole is tightly plugged with iodoform turunda from the bottom, leaving it for 5-7 days. You can also use a hemostatic sponge, which is injected into the hole. A sterile gauze napkin is applied to the hole of the extracted tooth, the patient is asked to close his teeth. After 20-30 minutes, they check whether the bleeding has stopped, and only then the patient is released from the clinic.
It is advisable to prescribe medications. A good effect is given by intramuscular injection of the hemostabilizer dicynone or sodium etamsylate or intravenous drip of epsilon aminocaproic acid. All activities are carried out with the obligatory control of blood pressure. With the ineffectiveness of stopping bleeding on an outpatient basis, the patient is hospitalized.

Alveolar postoperative pain (alveolitis)

After the extraction of the tooth and the relief of the action of the anesthetic, the patient experiences slight pain in the area of the hole. As a rule, the pain attack resolves on its own or requires minor correction. Taking painkillers from the ketoprofen or paracetamol group completely stops the pain attack.
If the healing process of the hole is disturbed, then 1-3 days after the extraction of the tooth, the pain intensifies. The nature of the pain also changes, it becomes constant and often worries at night. This condition is due to several reasons: the blood clot is not retained in the hole, the hole remains empty and is irritated by the oral fluid. The remains of a blood clot and fragments of food that have fallen into the hole create conditions for the development of an inflammatory process called "alveolitis".
The main clinical symptom of alveolitis is pain in the area of the socket of the extracted tooth. As the disease develops, the pain intensifies, irradiation appears in various anatomical structures (eye, ear) on the healthy side of the jaw. The general condition worsens, there may be subfebrile temperature. On external examination, changes are usually not observed. Regional lymph nodes are enlarged and painful. When examining the oral cavity, the mucous membrane around the hole is hyperemic, edematous. The well is either empty or covered with a grayish fibrinous coating. Palpation of the gums in the area of the hole is sharply painful.
If treatment is not carried out, the inflammatory process can turn into limited osteomyelitis of the hole.
The treatment is carried out under local anesthesia. Using a syringe with a blunt needle, a stream of warm antiseptic solution (chlorhexidine 0.05%) is used to wash out particles of a decayed blood clot and food from the tooth socket. Carefully remove the remains of the disintegrated clot with a curettage spoon. After drying the hole, a bandage with iodoform is placed in it, over which Metrogyl ointment is applied. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. Dressings are carried out every day until the appearance of granulation tissue. Usually the process stops within 5-7 days. In addition, physiotherapy is prescribed, ultra-high-frequency (UHF) therapy, microwaves, ultraviolet irradiation, laser therapy].
Limited osteomyelitis of the hole. The clinical picture and treatment of limited osteomyelitis of the socket correspond to the manifestation and treatment of osteomyelitis of the jaw and are described in the corresponding chapter.

Materials used: Surgical stomatology: textbook (Afanasiev V.V. and others); under total ed. V. V. Afanasiev. - M. : GEOTAR-Media, 2010

The consequences of wisdom tooth extraction associated with problematic wound healing should not go unnoticed. At the slightest discomfort, the patient should contact the attending physician, who will conduct an examination and prescribe medications that will speed up the healing process.

The removal of a wisdom tooth can have consequences that appear almost immediately after the operation. One of the most common consequences after tooth extraction is the so-called. "dry hole" If the healing process is normal, then a blood clot (fibrin) appears in the hole at the site of the removed wisdom tooth, which has a protective effect and accelerates the healing of the wound. However, there are cases when such a clot does not appear at all, or quickly falls off. Symptoms of a dry socket are aching pain and bad breath. Such problems usually appear 2-3 days after the removal of a wisdom tooth.

Among the most common consequences of the removal of the "eight" can also be noted damage to the nerves (paresthesia) located near the extracted tooth. If this happens, the patient will feel a slight numbness of the tongue, lips and chin, as well as difficulty opening the mouth. Usually, these symptoms last for a few days, but sometimes they can last longer until they gradually disappear. In order not to experience discomfort after the removal of a wisdom tooth, it is necessary to entrust this procedure to a highly qualified specialist who will perform the operation accurately and competently.

Gums after wisdom tooth removal

Wisdom tooth extraction is a procedure that requires a qualified approach of an experienced specialist. Often, after surgery to remove the "eight", the patient observes changes that can cause him anxiety. However, do not worry, because the wound healing process is often accompanied by unpleasant symptoms: pain, swelling, discoloration of the gums.

The gum after the removal of a wisdom tooth may change color the day after the operation. Most often, it acquires a whitish or yellowish tint (plaque). This is due to the exudation of fibrin, the end product of blood coagulation.

Sometimes the gums can become inflamed and bleed. Usually, redness and swelling of the gums is normal. However, if these symptoms are observed for several days and are accompanied by purulent discharge, fever, bad breath, the patient should consult a doctor as soon as possible. Inflammation of the gums can be triggered by insufficient oral hygiene, decreased immunity, and the penetration of pathogens into the wound. Rehabilitation measures should be carried out only in a specialized dental clinic.

Hole after wisdom tooth removal

The removal of a wisdom tooth is a procedure that is accompanied not only by pain, but also by the peculiarities of the course of the postoperative period. So, after surgery, a blood clot forms in the hole of the extracted tooth, which plays a very important role in wound healing. It forms a protective barrier, preventing bacteria from entering the bone and nerve endings. It is very important not to wash off this clot during mouth rinses, as well as when brushing your teeth.

It is necessary to ensure that the hole after the removal of the wisdom tooth must be covered with a blood clot, otherwise the risk of infection of the wound increases. If a “dry socket” has formed, you should consult a doctor. He will apply a swab soaked in a special antiseptic to the wound, which will ensure effective healing of the postoperative wound. The medicine swab should be changed daily until the wound heals.

If the “dry socket” is not treated, the risk of developing alveolitis increases, an inflammatory process that manifests itself with symptoms such as severe pain, gray plaque on the hole, and bad breath from the mouth. Alveolitis manifests itself in the form of severe jaw pain, painful enlargement of the lymph nodes, migraines and other serious symptoms, and, above all, it is dangerous with complications in the form of purulent infection of the jaw apparatus.

Stomatitis after wisdom tooth removal

The removal of a wisdom tooth very often has subsequent complications and, for a number of reasons, can become the basis for the development of painful processes. One of the most common complications is the development of stomatitis as a result of trauma to the mucous membrane during the operation. This disease manifests itself in the form of a whitish coating of the mucosa, as well as formations of erosions, sores and other lesions. In fact, stomatitis is a painful inflammation of the oral cavity (tongue, gums, tissues of the cheeks, palatine arch, mucous membrane and lips).

Stomatitis after the removal of a wisdom tooth most often occurs as a result of the development of an infectious process, non-compliance with hygiene rules for oral care, or dental diseases (caries, flux).

Treatment of stomatitis must necessarily include local treatment of the oral cavity, as well as taking antimicrobial drugs. Even the mildest form of stomatitis after the removal of a wisdom tooth should not be ignored. The patient is advised to consult a dentist for qualified help at the first symptoms of the development of this disease.

Complications after wisdom tooth extraction

The removal of a wisdom tooth can have complications, which are most often manifested in the form of pain, swelling of soft tissues, as well as the development of an inflammatory process due to the trauma of the mucous or bone tissue.

The most common complications after wisdom tooth extraction are:

Alveolitis. Inflammatory process, which is localized in the hole of the removed wisdom tooth. Symptoms: swelling and redness of the gums, severe pain, cheek swelling, headache, chills, fever, general malaise. In advanced cases, the infection can provoke the development of an osteomyelitic process, which is expressed by high fever, poor health, and severe headaches.
Hematoma. It occurs as a result of damage to the vessel, as well as increased fragility of capillaries, the presence of hypertension in the patient. Symptoms: gum enlargement, swelling, fever, pain.
Bleeding. The causes of this complication are damage to the vessel during the removal of the wisdom tooth, as well as fragility of capillaries, hypertension in the patient.
Cyst. It is a fibrous neoplasm filled with fluid.
Flux. It occurs when, after an operation to remove a tooth, the gum has become infected, and the infection has reached the periosteum, causing its inflammation. Symptoms: redness and swelling of the gums, severe pain, fever, swelling of the cheeks.

Other complications include stomatitis, nerve damage (paresthesia), osteomyelitis, jaw trauma, and perforation (rupture) of the floor of the maxillary sinus.

Pain after wisdom tooth extraction

The removal of a wisdom tooth is, in fact, a real surgical operation that is not complete without blood and pain. The feeling of discomfort and pain is a normal reaction of the body to the injury received from the operation. Pain also occurs after the release of anesthesia. Usually, such pain bothers the patient for several hours, but it can be longer - several days. In any case, if necessary, the doctor prescribes to patients who have undergone a complex removal of a wisdom tooth, an anesthetic drug that is optimally suited in each specific case.

The pain after the removal of the wisdom tooth will gradually subside, which, in turn, will signal the process of wound healing. If pain sensations are observed for a long period of time (more than 5 days) or intensify, the patient should consult a specialist. Intense, paroxysmal pain, accompanied by swelling and fever, may indicate an infectious inflammation.

Sometimes, after the operation to remove the "eight", there is no blood clot in the hole, which is necessary for the normal healing of the wound. This is fraught with such a consequence as exposure of bone tissue, which is always accompanied by debilitating pain. In such cases, urgent intervention is sometimes necessary, especially when the patient is disturbed by other symptoms, such as a sharp increase in temperature.

A timely visit to the dentist in case of severe pain will save the patient from possible complications, especially if the operation to remove the wisdom tooth was difficult, and the extraction of the tooth occurred in parts. The rest of the tooth in the gum or bone tissue during poor-quality surgery can also cause inflammation and pain. In this case, the cause is determined using an x-ray.

Swelling after wisdom tooth removal

The removal of a wisdom tooth can have very painful consequences, which are explained by trauma to the mucous membrane and gums during the operation. Often, after a tooth extraction procedure, the patient experiences swelling and swelling of the cheeks. These symptoms may be accompanied by difficulty swallowing and swollen lymph nodes and most often result from the structure of the features of the subcutaneous fat, which swells quickly when injured. Usually it goes away in a couple of days.

Swelling after the removal of a wisdom tooth can signal more serious consequences. If the patient's condition worsens every day, while it is difficult for him to breathe, his temperature rises, spots and rashes appear on the body, such edema is allergic in nature and can have dangerous consequences in the form of anaphylactic shock. In this case, the patient should immediately call an ambulance.

Edema can be triggered by a sharp development in the hole of the inflammatory process, which is accompanied by severe pain, redness of the cheeks and gums, difficulty breathing, convulsive swallowing, and fever. In such a situation, the patient should urgently seek medical help.

Swelling after wisdom tooth removal

The removal of a wisdom tooth is fraught with unpleasant consequences in the form of edema and tumors. Pain, discomfort, difficulty in swallowing, chewing and opening the mouth, slightly elevated temperature - all these unpleasant sensations will disturb the patient for some time.

A tumor after the removal of a wisdom tooth is normal and, in fact, should not cause concern if it does not increase in size and is not accompanied by any other unpleasant symptoms: bleeding from the hole, a sharp increase in temperature, increasing pain, general malaise.

Usually swelling of the cheek is observed in those patients who have problems with high blood pressure (hypertension). In this case, before the operation, they are advised to take sedatives. Cold compresses, as well as ointments and gels specially designed for such purposes, help relieve swelling from the cheek and reduce the risk of developing an inflammatory process.

As a rule, a swelling after the removal of a wisdom tooth is always accompanied by pain in the hole. This is a common occurrence after such an operation. The patient is advised not to burden himself with work and allow the body to recuperate. If the pain is intense, the doctor will prescribe an analgesic.

Smell after wisdom tooth extraction

Such a dental procedure as the removal of a wisdom tooth requires a qualified approach from a specialist doctor in order to avoid subsequent complications. In addition to the pain syndrome caused by the presence of a wound in the hole, after the operation, the patient may experience other consequences.

The smell after the removal of a wisdom tooth is a signal of the development of an inflammatory process in the oral cavity, provoked by infection of the tissues of the damaged gum. Most often, such an unpleasant odor occurs in the first days after the removal of the third molar. In this case, the patient should immediately consult a doctor for medical help. If you do not start treatment on time, the hole may turn red, become covered with a gray coating, and the pain will intensify.

Among the main causes of infection of the postoperative wound can be identified:

non-compliance by the patient with the recommendations and instructions of the dentist;
education so-called. "dry socket" - a cavity without a "protective" blood clot, prone to infection;
periodontitis;
inflammation of dental tissues;
the presence of a tooth fragment in the gum tissue.

If an unpleasant smell from the oral cavity has been observed for a long time, and the patient has not turned to a specialist for help, this is fraught with more serious complications - the development of alveolitis, abscess and inflammation of the periosteum.

Inflammation after wisdom tooth removal

Removing a wisdom tooth does not always go smoothly. Sometimes the patient is concerned about the postoperative consequences, which are more associated with non-compliance with the doctor's hygiene recommendations, reduced immunity and wound healing features.

Inflammation after the removal of a wisdom tooth is called "alveolitis". Usually, the cause of the development of this inflammatory process is the absence or loss of a blood clot from the hole, which forms in the wound after surgery and performs protective functions. Thus, the hole remains completely open, and pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms that provoke inflammation can freely enter it.

The main symptoms of alveolitis are an increase in swelling and redness of the socket, intense pain, fever, and an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. The inflammatory process can be complicated by suppuration, which can be caused by a tooth fragment left in the hole. The situation is exacerbated if the patient has gum disease or caries.

If the inflammation after the removal of the wisdom tooth is not treated in time, adjacent teeth and gum tissue will suffer, and the periosteum and bone may also become infected.

Flux after wisdom tooth removal

The removal of a wisdom tooth can cause the so-called. "odontogenic periostitis" or, more simply, flux. This disease is localized in the periosteum - the tissue surrounding the bone. Its symptoms: swelling of the mucous membrane, swelling of the cheeks, as well as constant pain, aggravated by chewing. Sometimes there is a pulsation of the affected area.

Flux after the removal of a wisdom tooth most often occurs due to the inflammatory process that occurs in the gums, as well as infection of the hole, into which food remains fall, and then particles of putrefactive decay accumulate. Due to suppuration, a swelling of the cheek occurs, the temperature rises. In this case, the patient should immediately consult a doctor who will conduct a thorough examination of the wound and take all necessary measures to eliminate the source of infection. After a thorough cleansing of the wound with antiseptic agents, the patient will need conservative treatment: taking anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents, a course of injections and painkillers. In some cases, an immunostimulant and a vitamin complex are prescribed.

Why is flux dangerous? First of all, complications in the form of a purulent abscess or phlegmon. Therefore, in order to avoid serious consequences in the presence of flux, the patient should immediately go to the hospital.

Numbness after wisdom tooth extraction

The removal of a wisdom tooth is, in fact, a surgical intervention that can have all sorts of complications.

Numbness after the removal of a wisdom tooth (the medical term is “paresthesia”) is one of these complications, manifested in the form of sensations of numbness on the face, in the area of the extracted tooth. This numbness is similar to local anesthesia.

Numbness of the tongue, skin of the lips, cheeks and neck immediately after the removal of the "eight" is observed in many patients. Intensive numbness is felt after the extraction of the lower wisdom teeth. The cause of this condition is damage to the branches of the trigeminal nerve adjacent to the wisdom tooth. This symptom is usually temporary and goes away on its own. Sensitivity in patients resumes in different ways: for someone - after a few days or weeks, and for someone it may even take several months.

Numbness after the removal of a wisdom tooth is sometimes considered as a consequence of anesthesia. This is a completely normal reaction of the body to the anesthetic, and you need to treat it calmly, without unnecessary anxiety. Usually, this feeling lasts for several hours after the operation, until the effect of anesthesia completely wears off.

If the numbness does not go away for a rather long period of time, and at the same time its stability is noted, the patient is recommended to seek qualified advice and medical help from a neuropathologist or neurostomatologist.

Pus after wisdom tooth removal

The removal of a wisdom tooth most often has complications in the form of the development of an inflammatory process in the hole of the extracted tooth. If an infection gets into the wound, inflammation of the gum tissues and their suppuration occurs. In such a situation, the patient needs to see a doctor as soon as possible, since the presence of pus is an alarming symptom that indicates that the healing process is, to put it mildly, not very successful.

Pus after the removal of a wisdom tooth can be a harbinger of serious diseases - osteomyelitis (suppuration of bone tissue) or phlegmon (extensive purulent damage to muscle tissues), if the inflammatory process is not stopped in time and the infected wound is not cleaned. This cannot be done at home, as there is a risk of re-infection. All wound cleansing procedures should be carried out in a medical institution where all hygiene rules and norms are observed.

Often the main reason for suppuration of the wound after the removal of a wisdom tooth lies in the patient's non-compliance with the hygiene recommendations of the dentist. You should not try to cure suppuration on your own - this is fraught with the development of even more dangerous complications, including blood poisoning. In any case, there is only one way out of the situation - to urgently contact a medical specialist.

Bleeding after wisdom tooth extraction

The removal of a wisdom tooth is a minor surgical operation, so the presence of blood is a natural factor that accompanies both the process of tooth extraction and the postoperative period. Usually, blood clotting in the socket of the extracted tooth occurs within 1-2 minutes, and slight bleeding can be observed within 1-3 days after surgery. In fact, the bleeding should stop on its own, however, there are times when the bleeding from the wound does not stop. The cause of this complication may be damage to a large blood vessel. In this case, the dental surgeon sutures the wound or applies a special hemostatic sponge to help stop the bleeding.

Bleeding after the removal of a wisdom tooth can also develop in a hypertensive patient. In such a situation, it is advisable for the patient to measure blood pressure, and in case of its increase, it is necessary to take the appropriate drug. Be that as it may, the doctor should not let the patient go home until he is finally convinced that the bleeding has stopped. If the bleeding developed later, the patient should seek medical help.

Hematoma after wisdom tooth removal

The removal of a wisdom tooth can have consequences in the form of hematoma formation. In general, this is a normal phenomenon, which is associated with trauma to the vessel in the soft tissues during the administration of an anesthetic or during an operation.

A hematoma after the removal of a wisdom tooth is usually accompanied by some cyanosis, which disappears after a few days. However, there are cases when the occurrence of a hematoma is accompanied by pain, increasing swelling of the gums (cheeks), and fever. In such a situation, the patient needs qualified medical care. Usually, the doctor makes a small incision in the gums, rinses the wound with an antiseptic, puts drainage if necessary, and prescribes antiseptic rinses and a course of antibiotics to the patient.

The risk group includes people suffering from diabetes and high blood pressure. They have fragility of capillaries, which leads to the formation of hematomas even with the slightest damage to the vessels.

A complication of a hematoma is its suppuration. In this case, the patient has facial asymmetry and painful swelling of half of the face. This condition is fraught with the development of dangerous diseases - phlegmon and abscess, and therefore requires timely medical intervention.

cyst after wisdom tooth extraction

The removal of a wisdom tooth can provoke the development of a cyst, a small cavity located at the root of the tooth and filled with fluid. Cystic formation is associated with the protective function of the body to isolate infected cells from healthy tissue. Such an “insulator” is the cyst, which, if left untreated, gradually increases in size and spreads to other tissues, provoking the development of another complication - flux.

A cyst after the removal of a wisdom tooth can form, even if the ideal conditions for the operation were met, so no one is safe from such an outcome. The patient may be given a course of antibiotics to prevent infection.

The cyst is removed by making an incision in the gums and removing accumulated pus from it. The doctor may put in a drain to permanently clean the wound. Very effective and absolutely painless in our time is the laser method of cyst removal. The laser is able not only to carry out a bloodless operation to eliminate cystic formation, but also to disinfect the affected area in order to exclude further reproduction of purulent bacteria. In addition, after laser removal of the cyst, the wound heals quickly.

Temperature after wisdom tooth extraction

Removing a wisdom tooth is not a pleasant process, because. accompanied by pain, bleeding, fever and other unpleasant sensations. Often after the operation, the patient has an increase in temperature up to 37.5 ° C. This is a normal reaction of the body to surgery.

The temperature after the removal of a wisdom tooth usually subsides the next day after the operation. Sometimes, within 2-3 days after tooth extraction, the temperature indicator may change: in the morning it is usually lower, and in the evening it rises. This is normal and indicates that the wound is healing. However, if the opposite effect is observed - a gradual increase in temperature, then perhaps an inflammatory process has developed in the oral cavity as a result of infection of the wound. In this case, it is necessary to contact the dentist in a timely manner for medical assistance. To alleviate the condition, you can take Paracetamol.

If the temperature continues to rise and is accompanied by symptoms such as redness and swelling of the gums, headache, absence of a “protective” blood clot in the socket of the extracted tooth, pain in the wound of an increasing nature, it is quite possible that an inflammatory process occurs in the socket or gum tissue, which needs to be treated. In most cases, the patient may develop a hematoma or alveolitis. However, the final diagnosis will be made only by a qualified doctor.

Suppuration after wisdom tooth removal

The removal of a wisdom tooth can lead to the development of an infectious process against a background of weakened immunity or improper wound care in the postoperative period. One of the main signs of infection penetration into the postoperative wound is suppuration.

Among the main symptoms of suppuration of the wound after the removal of the third molar can be noted:

swelling of the gum tissue, which does not stop for several days;
intense purulent discharge from the cavity of the extracted tooth;
severe pain syndrome;
unpleasant ("putrid") smell from the mouth.

Suppuration after the removal of a wisdom tooth often occurs due to the absence of a special blood clot (fibrin) in the hole of the removed tooth, which reliably protects the wound from the harmful effects of pathogenic microbes. For this reason, the wound becomes inflamed, and pus appears in it. Naturally, such a problem should not be ignored, since suppuration can provoke the development of serious complications, such as osteomyelitis. This is suppuration of bone tissue, which is characterized by a sharp increase in temperature, intense paroxysmal pain and general malaise of the patient. Osteomyelitis is dangerous because it can provoke blood poisoning. Therefore, it is so important if the slightest inflammatory process occurs associated with the removal of a wisdom tooth, consult a doctor in time.

The consequences after the removal of a wisdom tooth entirely depend on the individual characteristics of the human body. In any case, when observing symptoms that signal the development of complications (pain syndrome, swelling of the cheek, fever, swelling of the gums, etc.), the patient should consult a doctor as soon as possible. Similar symptoms may be signs of the development of an inflammatory (purulent) process. To prevent the development of complications, the patient must strictly adhere to the rules of oral hygiene, as well as be careful when brushing teeth to avoid injury to damaged gum tissue.

It is important to know!

Removal of a wisdom tooth is one of the most difficult dental procedures, since it is most often caused by improper location, carious damage, severe tooth decay and, as a result, the occurrence of inflammation in the oral cavity.