Sections: Russian language
Lesson objectives.
Educational:
- generalize and expand the idea of reasoning as a type of speech;
- systematize knowledge about the journalistic style of the text;
- teach how to select material on a moral and ethical topic.
Educational:
- continue to work on developing the ability to construct a text of reasoning;
- continue to work on developing the ability to find linguistic signs of journalistic style in the text;
- continue to work on developing the ability to select material on moral and ethical topics.
Educational:
- to instill in students a sense of beauty;
- develop students' creative abilities, emotions, cognitive abilities - speech, thinking, attention, imagination, perception.
Equipment: reproductions of paintings, a multimedia projector, a disc with a recording of the musical work by A. Vivaldi “The Seasons”, handouts with a fragment of the work “Letters to the Son” by V. A. Sukhomlinsky.
Lesson plan:
I. Opening remarks.
II. Introduction of the aesthetic category “beauty” based on works of fine art.
III. Explanation of the concept of “beauty”. Appeal to folk wisdom and a piece of music.
IV. The embodiment of beauty in words. Analysis of the text (V. A. Sukhomlinsky “Letters to my son”).
V. Repetition of information about the composition of an essay-reasoning.
VI. Determining essay topics.
During the classes
I. Teacher: Good afternoon guys! Today we have a lesson in preparing for an essay-reasoning on a moral and ethical topic.
II. Look at reproductions of paintings: “Venus” by Botticelli, “La Gioconda” by L. da Vinci, “Portrait of Karamzin” by Kiprensky, various children’s portraits, landscapes, images of architectural monuments.
What emotions do these paintings evoke in you?
Student: A feeling of beauty. Beauty generates positive emotions and provides aesthetic pleasure.
Teacher: Why does all people enjoy looking at masterpieces of world art?
Student: They carry “eternal” values: Kindness, Beauty, Love. They reflect the centuries-old experience of human genius.
III. Teacher: How do you understand the word “beauty”?
Student: Everything beautiful, beautiful, everything that gives aesthetic and moral pleasure. (Ozhegov S.I. “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language”).
Teacher: This is what folk wisdom says about beauty: (The teacher uses a multimedia projector to demonstrate examples of proverbs)
A beautiful word is silver, and a good deed is gold.
Spring is red with flowers, autumn with sheaves.
A bird is beautiful in its singing, and a man is beautiful in his ability.
Speech is beautiful as a proverb.
Beauty without intelligence is empty.
What examples of proverbs can you give?
Which of the following proverbs seems to you the initial one necessary for understanding the others?
Student: Beauty without intelligence is empty.
Teacher: Why do you think so?
Student: Only a thinking person is able to appreciate true beauty.
Teacher: What types of art do you know that embody beauty?
Student: Painting, music, sculpture, architecture, cinema.
Teacher: Let's turn to musical works. Listen to a fragment of A. Vivaldi’s work “The Seasons”, and then write down a number of associations that arose during this listening. (You can offer an excerpt from the composition “Summer” from this cycle)
Student: Wind, gustyness, wall of rain, cold streams, rage, power, storm, thunderstorm.
Teacher: Music is a phenomenal phenomenon. Her relationship with people is amazing. Melodious sounds work wonders - the soul awakens and transforms in a person, states and moods change...
IV. We saw how beauty is embodied in painting and music. Let us turn to his verbal image, vividly presented in a letter from Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky to his son.
(Handout)
From the time a man became a man, from the moment when he gazed at the beauty of the evening dawn, he began to gaze into himself. Beauty is deeply human. This is the joy of our life. Man became Man because he saw the depth of the azure sky, the twinkling of stars, the pink spill of the evening dawn, the crimson sunset before a windy day, the fluttering haze over the horizon, the endless distance of the steppes, blue shadows in the snowdrifts of March snow, a flock of cranes in the blue sky, the reflection of the sun in myriad drops of morning dew, gray threads of rain on a cloudy autumn day, a purple cloud on a lilac bush, a delicate stem and blue bell of a snowdrop - I saw and, amazed, walked along the earth, creating new beauty. Stop in amazement at beauty - and nobility will bloom in your heart.
External human beauty embodies our ideas about the ideal of beauty. External beauty is not only the anthropological perfection of all elements of the body, not only health. This is inner spirituality - a rich world of thoughts and feelings, moral dignity, respect for people and for oneself.
The unity of internal and external beauty is an aesthetic expression of a person’s moral dignity. A person’s beauty manifests itself most clearly when he is engaged in a favorite activity, which by its nature emphasizes something good in him, characteristic of his personality.
Spiritual emptiness makes a person’s appearance faceless. Nothing is more disfiguring than servility: a person becomes not himself, he seems to strive to get out of his own skin.
The ideal of human beauty is at the same time an ideal of morality. The unity of physical, moral, aesthetic perfection is the harmony that is talked about so much.
You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty. The beauty of the people living next to you depends on you.
Read the text out loud.
Who is this message addressed to?
Student: Son.
Teacher: Is it only him? Think about it.
Disciple: This is a spiritual testament to all humanity.
Teacher: Give examples from the text to support your thoughts.
Disciple: “Stop in amazement before beauty - and nobility will bloom in your heart.” “You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty.”
Teacher: How does V. A. Sukhomlinsky define this immutable highest human value?
Student: “Beauty is deeply human. This is the joy of our life.”
Student: “The unity of internal and external beauty is an aesthetic expression of a person’s moral dignity.” “The unity of physical, moral, aesthetic perfection is the harmony that is talked about so much.”
Student: An ideally developed personality is one who is harmonious, beautiful externally and internally.
Teacher: But often it is external beauty that attracts attention first of all, because people are greeted by their clothes. Especially in our time, when the cult of external beauty and eternal youth is actively promoted. However, centuries-old experience confirms the wise and fair words of V. A. Sukhomlinsky: “Spiritual emptiness makes a person’s appearance faceless.” Reflecting on spirituality, V. A. Sukhomlinsky sums up the following. Find out for yourself which one.
Student: “You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty. The beauty of the people living next to you depends on you.”
V. Teacher: The structural element of what type of speech is the summary-conclusion?
Student: Reasoning.
Teacher: Remember the composition of the argument and identify it in the text.
Student: As thesis The text contains the sentence: “Beauty is deeply human.” Evidence are statements about the unity of external and internal beauty, as necessary components of a harmoniously developed personality. Conclusion is given at the end of the fragment: “The unity of physical, moral, aesthetic perfection - this is the harmony that is talked about so much.”
Teacher: In which text style is reasoning most often used?
Student: In journalistic and scientific.
Teacher: What style does this text belong to? What linguistic features of this style can you find in the text?
Student: In the text there are often sentences whose function is to influence the consciousness of readers: “Stop in amazement at beauty - and nobility will bloom in your heart.” “You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty. The beauty of the people living next to you depends on you.”
The narration is distinguished by its special emotionality, manifested in the use of various visual means: “azure sky”, “gray threads of rain”, “blue bell of a snowdrop”, “nobility will bloom”. The text also contains examples of a terminological nature: “anthropological perfection”, “moral dignity”, “aesthetic perfection”.
VI. Teacher: At home, write an essay on one of the suggested topics:
- Will beauty save the world?
- Eternal beauty and modern beauty.
- “You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty.”
Literature
- Lizinsky V. M. Ethical and cultural sermons for every week // Class teacher. – 2006. - No. 5. – pp. 82-97
- Lizinsky V. M. Ethical and cultural sermons for every week (end) // Class teacher. – 2006. - No. 6. – pp. 105-116
- Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 1995
- Sukhomlinsky V. A. Letters to his son. (Letter No. 22) – M., 1987. – P. 79-83
Good afternoon, dear son!
Sukhomlinsky Vasily Alexandrovich (1918-1970)
You encourage me to write entire treatises. First about friendship and love, then about femininity, and now you ask your father to say a word about beauty. Well, well, I’ll say it, just let my words remain in your mind for the rest of your life.
From the time a man became a man, from the moment when he gazed at the beauty of the evening dawn, he began to gaze into himself. Beauty is deeply human. This is the joy of our life. Man became Man because he saw the depth of the azure sky, the twinkling of stars, the pink spill of the evening dawn, the crimson sunset before a windy day, the fluttering haze over the horizon, the endless distance of the steppes, blue shadows in the snowdrifts of March snow, a flock of cranes in the blue sky, the reflection of the sun in myriad drops of morning dew, gray threads of rain on a cloudy autumn day, a purple cloud on a lilac bush, a delicate stem and blue bell of a snowdrop - I saw and, amazed, walked along the earth, creating new beauty. Stop in amazement before beauty - and nobility will bloom in your heart. The joy of life opened before a man because he heard the whisper of leaves and the song of a grasshopper, the murmur of a spring stream and the shimmer of silver bells of a lark in the hot summer sky, the rustling of snowflakes and the groan of a blizzard outside the window, the gentle splashing of waves and the solemn silence of the night - he heard and, holding his breath , listens to the wonderful music of life for hundreds and thousands of years. Know how to listen to this music too. Cherish beauty, take care of it.
The highest beauty is in man, the pinnacle of human beauty is the beauty of a woman. An enthusiastic attitude towards female beauty was embodied in immortal artistic images by great poets - Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe, Pushkin, Shevchenko, Mickiewicz. The chastely glorified beauty of living women - those with whom they themselves were in love - became a measure of the morality of the feeling of love for many generations. The beauty of a woman is not generated by sexual instinct and does not represent something inseparable from sexual needs. Write it down in your notebook and remember Belinsky’s words: “Here is a beautiful young woman: in her features you do not find any specific expression - this is not the personification of feeling, soul, kindness, love, selflessness, sublimity of thoughts and aspirations... It is only beautiful, sweet, animated by life - and nothing more; you are not in love with this woman and are alien to the desire to be loved by her, you calmly admire the charm of her movements, the grace of her manners - and at the same time, in her presence, your heart beats somehow more alive, and the gentle harmony of happiness instantly spills into your soul "
External human beauty embodies our ideas about the ideal of beauty. External beauty is not only the anthropological perfection of all elements of the body, not only health. This is inner spirituality - a rich world of thoughts and feelings, moral dignity, respect for people and oneself, modesty. The center of spiritual life, the mirror of thought, the expresser of feelings are human eyes. The higher the moral development and general level of a person’s spiritual culture, the more clearly the inner spiritual world is reflected in external features. This glow of the soul, as Hegel puts it, is increasingly manifested, understood and felt by modern man. Inner beauty is reflected in outer appearance. Internal emptiness is evidenced even by the fact that a person seeks to add to his appearance features that are either not at all characteristic of normal human ideas about beauty, or that degrade human dignity.
The unity of internal and external beauty is an aesthetic expression of a person’s moral dignity. There is nothing shameful in the fact that a person strives to be beautiful, wants to look beautiful. But, it seems to me (what do you think?), one must have a moral right to this desire. The morality of this aspiration is determined by the extent to which this beauty expresses the creative, active essence of man. A person’s beauty manifests itself most clearly when he is engaged in a favorite activity, which by its nature emphasizes something good in him, characteristic of his personality. At the same time, his appearance seems to be illuminated by inner inspiration. It is no coincidence that the sculptor embodied the beauty of the discus thrower at the moment when the tension of internal spiritual forces is combined with the tension of physical forces, in this combination - the apotheosis of beauty. In a girl whose thoughts are about creativity, beauty is brighter and deeper than in the same girl languishing from idleness. Idleness is the enemy of beauty, remember this, son. A handsome man of work - a combine operator, a tractor driver, a pilot at the helm of his car, a gardener at his favorite tree. Inner, spiritual beauty illuminates the face of a scientist, thinker, poet, inventor at a moment when the mind is inspired and illuminated by the light of creativity. If you want to be beautiful, work until you forget yourself, work so that you feel like a creator, a master, a master in what you love. Work so that your eyes express spirituality with great human happiness - the happiness of creativity.
Beauty is a companion of inspiration. O. Gonchar has a wonderful short story - “Sunflowers”. It tells about a sculptor who was commissioned to sculpt a bust of a girl - a master of high sunflower harvests. The girl's face struck the master as ugliness. It was not inspiring, and the sculptor abandoned the work. On the way to the station he had to drive past a field of blooming sunflowers. Here he saw his heroine - she was working. But now her face looked different. It was inspired by a sense of the beauty of work; internal beauty shone in its external features. "She is beautiful!" – the artist exclaimed, in his imagination he was already sculpting the girl’s facial features.
External beauty has its internal, moral sources. Favorite creativity makes a person beautiful, transforms facial features - makes them subtle and expressive.
Beauty is also created by anxiety and care – what is usually called “the pangs of creativity.” Just as grief leaves indelible wrinkles on the face, so creative concerns are the subtlest, most skillful sculptor who makes the face beautiful. And, conversely, internal emptiness gives the external facial features an expression of dull indifference and inexpressiveness.
If inner, spiritual wealth creates human beauty, then inactivity, and especially immoral activity, destroys this beauty. When you come into contact with many young people in a large group, among the bright, memorable faces you see faces that do not attract attention in any way - they flash, but are not remembered. Spiritual emptiness makes a person’s appearance faceless.
Immoral activities disfigure. The habit of lying, hypocrisy, and idle talk gradually creates a wandering gaze: a person avoids looking directly into the eyes of other people; It’s hard to see the thought in his eyes, he hides it. Toadying and servility not only give an expression of servility to the eyes and face, but leave an imprint on the whole body. When meeting with a sycophant and a pleaser, it seems to me that in order to guess the thoughts of his boss, he listens not only with his ears, but listens with his whole body - with his hands, legs, even his back, ready at any moment to bend either in servile submission or in apology. Nothing is more disfiguring than servility: a person becomes not himself, he seems to strive to get out of his own skin. Envy, selfishness, suspicion, fear that “they won’t appreciate me” - all these feelings gradually coarse facial features, making it gloomy and unsociable. Being yourself, cherishing your dignity is the living blood of true human beauty.
The ideal of human beauty is at the same time an ideal of morality. The unity of physical, moral, aesthetic perfection is the harmony that is talked about so much. It is impossible to make our life beautiful without making a person beautiful and one of the noblest human feelings - love. The pinnacle of universal beauty will be achieved when each of the millions of members of our society, figuratively speaking, sparkles with their inner beauty. Everyone will be, according to M. Gorky, like a star in front of each other. I firmly believe that under communism all people will be beautiful. It cannot be otherwise, because inner and outer beauty will blossom at the same time.
You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty. The beauty of the people living next to you depends on you. I'm sending you Green's Favorites. This book must be read not only with the mind, but also with the heart. Read not only the lines, but also between the lines. I wish you good health and cheerful spirit. I hug and kiss you. Your father.
The little prince uttered very wise words that not every adult will understand: “Only the heart is vigilant. You cannot see the most important things with your eyes.” He meant that appearance says nothing about a person. The main thing is what is in his soul. A beautiful person may turn out to be completely immoral, while an unattractive person may turn out to be a person with high moral principles.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
Svidrigailov is pleasant in appearance. His appearance does not betray his terrible inner world: the hero is ready to do anything for the sake of his slightest whim. At first glance, it is impossible to see Svidrigailov as a tyrant and rapist.
You can say something completely different about Sonya Marmeladova. Because of her lifestyle, she is pale, thin, and intimidated. But behind this appearance lies a truly beautiful inner world.
Oscar Wilde "The Portrait of Dorian Gray"
As a young man, Dorian makes a wish: he asks that a portrait painted by Basil Hallward grow old in his place. The wish comes true. Beauty becomes the main source of power for a young man. Dorian Gray does not change over the years. His appearance is not spoiled by immoral actions. Behind the beautiful appearance of the young man hides an immoral creature for whom nothing is sacred. People who don't know what this person is capable of don't see anything bad in him. Beauty only outwardly hides moral ugliness. It turns out that appearances are deceiving.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Helen Kuragina is beautiful, but that does not make her a good person. This woman is immoral, selfish, selfish, stupid. Attractive appearance has nothing to do with the moral qualities of the heroine.
Marya Bolkonskaya's appearance cannot be called attractive. The true beauty of this person is manifested in high moral principles and moral actions. The heroes, capable of seeing real beauty, did not attach importance to the appearance of Princess Marya.
The ideal of human beauty.
Man has always had a desire for beauty. Living in incredibly difficult conditions, the people created true masterpieces, trying to decorate simple household items with painting, embroidery, and carving. However, the concept of beauty, which is very complex and includes a whole complex of external and internal qualities of a person, has changed over time. Each historical era gave birth to its own idea of beauty. It developed in accordance with certain climatic conditions, political, economic and other features of social life. Many great minds of mankind have thought about the secrets and laws of beauty, about the nature of beauty. Symmetry was and remains an indispensable condition for “eternal and unchanging” beauty; harmony - unity in diversity; mutual correspondence of all features and proportions; a complete, holistic image; feeling of authentic life.
Man not only created images of ideal beauty that have come down to us in the works of great poets and writers, masters of painting and sculpture, but in real life he also tried to imitate all this ideal. Each generation defined its ideal of beauty, and this primarily concerned women, since less attention was always paid to the beauty of men.
At all times, men were connoisseurs of female beauty, and the first of them (according to Greek mythology) was the son of the Trojan king Paris, Zeus instructed him to judge Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, arguing among themselves about beauty. “The apple of discord” with the inscription: “To the most beautiful” - Paris gave to Aphrodite, who was later caught using powder and lipstick.
Thus, almost simultaneously with the appearance of man, cosmetics appeared that preserved beauty, emphasized advantages and masked disadvantages. Now modern women have everything: cosmetics, salon treatments, master classes from professionals. But for women who lived much earlier than you and me, it was more difficult to fight for beauty. There are some facts from history about what women were capable of for the sake of their beauty, it’s really scary to look at, but despite all the absurdity, this happened in reality. Here are some of them:
POISONOUS BEAUTY
In the 19th century, it was fashionable to eat arsenic to “give the face a blooming appearance, the eyes a shine, and the body an attractive roundness.” Taking arsenic, of course, was regulated by a whole set of rules - the moon must be waxing, the first dose is only one grain (until resistance is developed), and if you have already started, you must continue to eat this crap for the rest of your life - otherwise death.
True, there were also side effects - arsenic accumulates in the thyroid gland and causes goiter. And sometimes death. But when it comes to beauty, who can stop that?
CINDERELLA'S LEGS
For more than a millennium, a woman's beauty in China has been judged by her feet. To please Chinese men and increase their chance of marriage, women in the Middle Empire had to mutilate their legs. A woman with a normal foot had no hope of getting married. When the foot was first bandaged at the age of two, four toes were bandaged to the sole with meter-long tapes so tightly that the bones were broken. Ultimately, the foot was supposed to look like a crescent moon. During this procedure, most girls passed out from pain or screamed so much that their mothers gagged them. Every day the bandages were tightened tighter and tighter. This ultimately led to the skin on the legs beginning to rot, the nails growing in or completely dying off and peeling off. The rotting skin was trimmed every day and bone fragments were removed. Sometimes mothers contributed to the speedy process of tissue decomposition and added porcelain chips, dirt or worms under the bandages. A terrible smell emanated from the feet. The deformity lasted for about three years, after which the feet were virtually dead. The ideal size was 7.5 cm!
The Spanish women of the Renaissance experienced the most difficult period of corset fashion. An iron case on hinges with holes for ventilation, which served as a corset, was not without reason called an instrument of torture. The waist decreased to 20–30 cm in girth. As a result, the corset compressed and displaced the liver, stomach, kidneys, genitals, and disrupted blood circulation. As a result, young women suffered from chronic diseases of internal organs, dying prematurely from them. Nevertheless, such rigid corsets were popular until the 18th century.
PLASTIC
Plastic surgery, what is it? Is it a last resort that people resort to to correct certain defects in their appearance, or is it a real addiction, similar to drugs or alcohol?
In pursuit of the perfect face and body, celebrities give away millions and end up looking like horror movie characters. Some are so carried away by the surgeon's scalpel that their external image makes them shudder.
ANOREXIA
Anorexia is rightfully called the disease of the 21st century. According to some estimates, up to 30% of the population of developed countries suffers from eating disorders, 9% of which are anorexia. Anorexia claims the lives of many young women and girls every year, leaving some disabled for life.
The beauty of the human body has been raised to incredible heights by our century. The cult of youth and beauty is so absolute that it gives rise in people not so much to the desire to achieve this unrealistic height, but rather to the suffering that the ideal is unattainable. All the thoughts of a modern person are absorbed in external beauty. Behind tons of powder and blush we hide our self-doubt, our imperfections. Humanity is too caught up in the game of perfection. And it’s not so scary that the ideal of beauty is so high, but that any discrepancy with this artificial ideal is almost equated with ugliness. In our age, it is more important than ever that the ideal of beauty becomes more spiritual. Kindness and tenderness, sincerity and generosity, purity and goodwill should come to the fore in the appreciation of human beauty. Maybe it’s in vain that we so stubbornly strive to achieve some illusory ideal. Maybe it's time to accept ourselves as we are!?
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
Higher professional education
"Omsk State Technical University"
Nefteyugansk branch
Department of Economics and Management
ESSAY
On the topic "The Ideal of Human Beauty"
By discipline "Culturology"
Completed:
Part-time student
1st year group ZMN-114-NYU
Spirikhina Veronika Vitalievna
“The Beauty of Nature” - The berries are filled with juice, painted with sunny paint. “Love your native field. Aspen. V. Crow. 5. Should I try some more berries? Raspberries. The circumference is five arshins. The crown occupies three hundred square meters. S. Yesenin. They weave bodies and baskets for me. O. Vysotskaya. Love the green forest, both on the earth and on the sky, and fix your inquisitive gaze.” A. Kruglov.
“Human races” - Mongoloid - the indigenous population of Central and East Asia, Indonesia, Siberia. The concept of race. Each race is characterized by a unity of origin. Summarize existing knowledge about human races. Plan. Form a negative attitude towards the reactionary essence of racism and social Darwinism. Europioid - the indigenous population of Europe, South Asia and North Africa.
"Model representation" - Case fig. 2.12.a shows a nonlinear function of the form y=f(x). System. The classification of types of system modeling is shown in Fig. 1.9. The phenomenological model is based on a qualitative understanding of the physical situation. Block diagrams of individual fragments of the model: Only specific values of symbolic parameters and initial values are missing.
“The Ideal of Man” - Main part. Relevance. What makes a human life meaningful? Study of works of various genres of modern Russian literature. Every day, books of hundreds of different titles appear in our country. Detective. Author of the work: Drobysheva Anastasia Nikolaevna. Dramaturgy. The drama depicts life in events, actions, and clashes of heroes.
“Information and forms of its presentation” - Information, including graphic and audio, can be presented in analog or discrete form. The presentation was prepared by 10th grade student Ksenia Makarova. Let us give an example of analog and discrete representation of information. The conversion of graphic and sound information from analogue to discrete form is carried out by sampling, that is, splitting a continuous graphic image and.
“The Beauty of Japanese Art” - Art of Japan. “Don’t create, but find and open.” But in a tree garden, the main thing is the trees... The Japanese garden is characterized by an atmosphere of mystery, which is the basis of the park design. Horyuji Monastery. 607 Nara. Trees, stones, water are integral parts of the Japanese garden. In a city garden we expect to see patterned flower beds, flower beds, cleared and trampled paths.
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