Water in the human body is the most important component. Physiologists say that water in the body of an adult reaches 70 percent. Water is necessary for constant metabolic processes. It is an ideal solvent, the basis of biological tissues and fluids (lymphatic and extracellular fluids). Every day, the human body excretes water through breath, sweat, feces and urine. In this case, the loss of water does not depend on the amount of liquid received
To maintain normal hydration in the human body, it is necessary for adults - 35-45 ml/kg/water per day, for children - 50-100 ml/kg/day, for infants - 100-170 ml/kg/day.
The body is a biological system that cannot always be maintained in an ideal healthy state. Diseases caused by microbes and viruses, unfavorable environmental conditions, accidents - this is not a complete list of the dangers that await us. To combat these ailments, medications come to our aid, most of which must be introduced into the body after first dissolving them. For these purposes, there is water for injection. It is a safe solution purified from various biological and chemical impurities. It does not contain salts, microorganisms, gases, pyrogenic substances and microimpurities.
Water for injection - manufacturing features
The basic principle of its production is the use of highly purified water, which has previously undergone a mandatory process of distillation and disinfection. To do this, the water is heated to 80.0 C, which completely prevents the appearance and growth of microorganisms in it. It is cleaned of chlorine impurities and iron content, and goes through a softening process. In pharmaceutical production, pure condensed steam obtained from water distillation is also used.
Water for injection is a sterile clear liquid. It has no color, no smell, no taste. Intended for intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. It is used for the preparation of medicinal solutions for injection, infusion solutions, and acts as a solvent for drugs. It can also be intended for external use: for moisturizing and also for washing wounds.
Water for injection - instructions for use
When using water for injection, it is necessary to maintain sterile conditions when opening medicines, syringes, ampoules, since it:
- used for drugs that have direct contact with blood;
- Intended for drugs that come into contact with mucous membranes.
Water for injection (composition and release form are indicated on the packaging) is a colorless liquid 1; 1.5; 2;5; 10 ml in ampoules made of polymer fiber or glass in a plastic tray, usually in quantities of 10 pcs. in cardboard packaging.
Water for injection when mixed with powders, concentrates, dry substances for injection, drugs may have therapeutic or chemical incompatibility with them, therefore, it is necessary to carry out constant visual monitoring of their connection. If a suspicious precipitate occurs, this solution cannot be used.
If an oil solvent is used or another solvent is specified, water for injection is not used. It is important to remember this and before using any product, clarify which solvent is required. It should not be mixed with external cauterization agents.
As a solvent for diagnostic and medicinal products, water for injection is dosed according to the instructions or recommendation of a doctor. A careless attitude towards even such a harmless remedy can lead to problems, so do not self-medicate. Available in pharmacies without a prescription.
The human body is susceptible to various kinds of diseases, and therefore may require permanent or temporary treatment. In many cases, a special solution must be used along with medications. The manufacturing principle is to use highly purified water, which has previously undergone a mandatory process of distillation and disinfection.
To do this, the water is heated to 80 °C, which completely prevents the appearance and growth of microorganisms in it. It is cleaned of chlorine impurities and iron content, and goes through a softening process. In pharmaceutical production, pure condensed steam obtained from water distillation is also used.
Water for injection - characteristics
Water for injection is a purified liquid used to dissolve drugs in dosage forms. It has no taste, smell or color. This universal product is for sale in glass ampoules, 10 pieces per box.
Injection water is needed as product of a homogeneous homogeneous mixture for injection and infusion from the following concentrates:
- substances, preparation of infusion;
- medicinal powders;
- dry substance for injection.
Sterile purified and distilled water, which serves exclusively as drug solvent in strictly prescribed doses, according to the instructions for use.
Production and composition of injection liquid
Water for injection, the composition of which, at first glance, is very simple, but at the same time it is subject to certain stages of processing. The main component that needs to be removed from the liquid is hardness salts, thereby forming condensate.
Get this healing mixture reverse osmosis method, in which its complete liberation from organic compounds occurs.
And there is also distillation method. In this case, the treated liquid undergoes special purification and, as a result, it is freed from various impurities:
- Mechanical particles.
- Colloidal elements.
- Dissolved organics and gases.
- Inorganic substances.
- Microorganisms.
Cleansing procedures take place in an aseptic unit, maintaining hygiene conditions at the highest level. The expiration dates of the medication must be observed. Water for injection composition must meet the requirements desalted, purified and softened liquid:
- Mandatory absence of chlorides, sulfates, calcium nitrates.
- pH environment from 5.0 to 7.0.
- Standardized ammonia content.
- Any additives and antimicrobial substances should be absent.
- The suspension must be aspirogenic.
- Absence of any additives.
water for injection forms
Water for injection: instructions for use
Water for injection instructions for use depend on the medications with which this liquid will be used. The dilution requirements will be specified in the instructions for the medication with which the injection base will interact.
The daily dose, as well as recommendations for the administration of drugs, must undoubtedly be regulated. Ignoring the instructions for the medication can lead to disastrous consequences. Mandatory compliance with sterility conditions when administering a diluted medication.
When mixing water with prescribed medications, it is necessary check this mixture for compatibility. This must be done to avoid missing pharmaceutical incompatibilities. Injection liquid cannot be used for intravascular administration.
The use of this mixture is prohibited if saline solution or any other solvent is indicated for the medication. Injections are an important process in human treatment. Inject using a syringe and needle intramuscularly or intravenously necessary medication. And if necessary, dilute the medicine with a special liquid. To do everything correctly, read the instructions for water for injection.
Mode of application
Solutions using injection base and medications must be prepared under aseptic sterile conditions. It is also a mandatory requirement to follow simple rules for working with the ampoule:
There were no adverse reactions, as well as overdoses and contraindications in practice.
Nuances of using injection water and expiration dates
Remember one very important rule: this liquid should never be mixed with oil solutions, ointments and cauterization agents.
The dose and concentration of the mixture are strictly observed. If hemolysis develops, it is prohibited to administer injection fluid.
How much does the injection base cost? The price of this substance is in the range from 29 rubles to 100 rubles, again depending on the manufacturer, in general, it is a very affordable medicine. There is a huge selection of injectable water on the Internet, so it is advisable to compare prices.
Water for injection is stored from two to three years, depending on the manufacturer. After the expiration date, do not use this medication for treatment under any circumstances. Do not freeze during storage; the permissible temperature is somewhere in the range of 5–25 °C. The shelf life of this universal product must be maintained.
To create infusion solutions, special sterile water for injection must be used. It is a clear liquid that is odorless, colorless and tasteless. It allows you to prepare an essence that can be injected into the human circulatory system for the latter’s therapy.
Composition and pharmacological group of water for injection
The composition of water for injection consists of only one element - water itself, which is the active component of the drug. One ampoule contains two or five milliliters of liquid, depending on the form of release.
Water for injection, based on the classification of medical substances, belongs to the group of solvents and diluents.
The main pharmacological properties are:
- Lack of pyrogens;
- Chemical inactivity;
- Lack of therapeutic and curative effect.
The substance provides the correct conditions for the optimal use of substrates in the treatment of patients. Homeostasis is maintained by the introduction of water and electrolytes through the renal system.
Main indications and contraindications
Indications for use:
Necessity of preparation. Both powders and lyophilisates, as well as various concentrates, which are subsequently injected into the human body, can be used. Sterile administration of the drug using all available methods. This applies to all techniques: subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous.
If the manufacturer indicates a different type of solvent in the instructions for use, water for injection should not be used with this medicine. Most often, isotonic saline solution is used as an alternative to dilution.
Features of application
Water must be used in full accordance with the rules and regulations defined by the manufacturer. This also applies to both the method of its use and dosages.
Solutions may only be prepared under sterile conditions. This applies to all stages of work, such as:
- Opening the ampoule;
- Filling the syringe;
- Carrying out the injection.
A prescription for water for injection is not required to purchase it at a pharmacy kiosk. Direct administration of this medication intravenously without the use of other drugs is prohibited. This is due to low osmotic pressure, which in turn can lead to hemolysis.
When mixing with other substances, it is necessary to carry out constant visual monitoring to ensure their compatibility. This applies primarily to such drugs as:
- Solutions for infusions;
- Concentrates for the preparation of infusions;
- Mixtures for injections;
- Powdered products;
- Dry substances.
Sometimes pharmacological incompatibility may occur between water for injection and other drugs included in the listed groups. In such situations, the prepared solution cannot be used for further therapy of the patient, as this can lead to adverse consequences for his life and health.
Difference between water for injection and saline
Water for injection and saline are the substances most often used for therapeutic infusion or injection mixtures. However, there is a significant difference between them. Doctors warn against replacing one medicine with another, as this leads to improper preparation of the drug for treatment. The main differences between water for injection and saline solution are:
- Water for injections. This is a homogeneous substance that does not contain additional components. Its chemical formula is H20. To fill ampoules, only distilled liquid is used, which does not contain any impurities.
- Saline solution. It is a 0.9 percent aqueous solution of sodium chloride, the chemical formula of which is as follows: NaCl. This liquid is isotonic in blood plasma. Therefore, it can be administered subcutaneously, intravenously and intramuscularly, either alone or together with other drugs.
The main difference between water for injection and saline solution is the ability to introduce the second into the body independently without the use of additional components.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
The manufacturer does not prohibit the use of the drug during women's pregnancy or lactation. The risks of treatment during these periods are directly determined by the nature of the second medicinal substance, which is dissolved in the liquid for further administration.
Does not lead to any adverse consequences for either the pregnant woman or her fetus or newborn child.
Overdose and its consequences
If you use the product for its intended purpose, the risk of overdose or other adverse effects is zero.
The manufacturer draws attention to the possibility of provoking hemolysis. It is the destruction of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin into the environment. This problem occurs when large volumes of hypotonic solutions are infused.
The problem of using water for injection can arise if a large number of drugs aimed at lowering blood pressure are dissolved in it. Signs and characteristic symptoms of overdose are not directly related to the use of water for injection. They are based only on those medications that are used to dissolve in a given sterile liquid.
Distilled sterile water is a medical product necessary for carrying out sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemiological measures. Purified, sterile water in polymer containers is used for preparing solutions, primary processing and washing of instruments, humidifying air and dressings, toileting newborns and preparing baby food.
Vacuum packages of water are intended for single use and comply with strict sanitary standards:
- The liquid is produced in a double polymer container, the outer packaging of which is easily removed without breaking the tightness of the vacuum packaging.
- The polymer water container is made of hypoallergenic latex that can withstand repeated punctures with a syringe needle.
- When opened, the internal primary package remains sterile, which eliminates the possibility of infection when using water in operating rooms, intensive care units, maternity hospitals, and intensive care units.
- The presence of two independent ports allows you to connect a package of distilled water to the infusion system using a metal or plastic needle. The sterility of the liquid is maintained due to the presence of an internal membrane.
To comply with sanitary and hygienic measures and to prepare disinfectant solutions, distilled water in sealed containers is widely used. It is necessary for removing traces of chemical solutions from instruments and medical devices, the surface of incubators, and endoscopic equipment. Liquid consumption is calculated depending on the number of instruments, which allows you to buy sterile distilled water in latex containers with a volume of 500, 1000, 2000 ml.
Methods for using distilled sterile water
Water for injection is a sterile liquid; it has no odor, color or taste. Without water, constant metabolic processes cannot proceed normally in the human body. In a normal state, fluid is released from the body through sweat, feces, urine, and breathing. Fluid loss through sweat, breathing and feces is independent of the amount of fluid administered. To maintain adequate hydration, adults need 30-45 ml/kg of water per day, 45-100 ml/kg of water per day for children, 100-165 ml/kg of water per day for infants.
Application of the product
Unfortunately, the human body is susceptible to the harmful influence of the external environment (viruses, bacteria, microbes), as a result of which various ailments can develop. Treatment of diseases involves the use of certain medications, many of which must be dissolved before use. For this purpose, water for injection is used. This water is used for intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular infusions. It is used to prepare infusion solutions, medicinal solutions for injection, and also dissolve drugs. In addition, injection water is also used externally to moisten dressings, wash mucous membranes and wounds, catheters and transfusion systems. Medical instruments and equipment are also soaked and washed in this water during the sterilization process.
Water for injection: composition, description and release form of the product
The main substance is water for injections. The product is supplied in ampoules made of glass or polymer fiber. An ampoule may contain 1, 2, 5, 10 ml of liquid. This liquid is obtained by reverse osmosis (purification of organic compounds) or distillation (separation of impurities by converting water into steam and back into a liquid state). Water for injection is produced in an aseptic unit, in a distillation room, where it is strictly prohibited to perform any other work not related to the distillation of water. Water for injection must meet the same requirements as purified water:
Water for injection: instructions
When using injection water to prepare solutions of diagnostic and medicinal substances, sterile conditions must be observed: opening the ampoule, filling the syringe and container with the medicinal product with water. Such increased caution is required! This is explained by the fact that water for injection is used with drugs that are in direct contact with mucous membranes and blood. The amount of liquid when preparing the medicine must correspond to the amount specified in the instructions for use of the latter. The rate of administration and daily dose of the drug should also be adjusted in accordance with the instructions for the medication. Following all of these recommendations is extremely important, since uncontrolled use of the product can lead to undesirable and quite serious consequences.
Contraindications for use
You should be aware that injection water is not used if an oil or any other solvent is used for a diagnostic or medicinal solution. It is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify which solvent is required for a particular drug. Water for injection should not be mixed with external preparations.
Helpful information
When combining injection water with powder, dry substance, injection concentrate, mixing must always be visually controlled. Water may be chemically or therapeutically incompatible with these products. If a suspicious precipitate appears, the solution should not be used. Due to low osmotic pressure, injection water cannot be used for direct intravascular administration. There is a risk of hemolysis! It should also be noted that in recent years, attempts have been made repeatedly to develop so-called “ultra-purified water” - an intermediate type between injection and purified water.
Storage conditions
It is necessary to store water for injection in specialized, so-called aseptic conditions (excluding the penetration of various microorganisms from the external environment). The air temperature in the room should not exceed 30°C. No more than a day should pass from the moment of receiving water for injection to the preparation of a certain medicine.
Interaction of water for injection with other medications
When using injection water, there is no pharmacological or chemical interaction with diagnostic or medicinal products that are prescribed for intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous administration. Therefore, it is used to dissolve most drugs. Side effects and overdose of injection water are not described. The liquid has no effect on reaction speed and attention when driving vehicles or activities associated with complex mechanisms.
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