Punctuation marks for direct speech

Staging punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech depends on the relationship between direct speech and the words of the author.

Punctuation in sentences with direct speech shown in the diagrams. Letters P, p they denote direct speech, the first word of which is written with a capital (P) or lowercase (P) letters; letters A, A- words of the author that also begin or are capitalized (A), or with a lowercase letter (a).

Direct speech after the author's words

If author's words precede direct speech and are followed by a colon, direct speech is in quotation marks. First word direct speech written with a capital letter at the end direct speech the appropriate end-of-sentence sign is used. At the same time, interrogative and exclamation marks, as well as an ellipsis are placed before the quotation marks, a period - after them.

Direct speech before the words of the author

If direct speech comes before the words of the author, then it is enclosed in quotation marks and written with capital letter, followed by a comma (after the quotation marks) or an exclamation mark, a question mark or an ellipsis (before the quotation marks) and a dash. Author's words written with a lowercase (small) letter.

The author's words inside direct speech

1. If direct speech is one sentence, then after the first part there is a comma and a dash, author's words are written with a lowercase letter, followed by a comma and a dash, the second part direct speech written with a lowercase letter; quotes are placed only at the beginning and at the end direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and words of the author.

2. If direct speech consists of several sentences and author's words stand between them, then after the first part direct speech a comma and a dash are placed (if there should be a period at the end of a sentence of direct speech), an exclamation mark, a question mark or an ellipsis and a dash; author's words are written with a lowercase letter, followed by a dot and a dash; The second part direct speech starts with a capital letter. Quotes are only placed at the beginning and end direct speech. Punctuation at the end of the second part direct speech are governed by the rules already described above.

“P, - a. - P". “P, - a. - P?"	1) “So much time has passed since our separation,” I thought. “She probably forgot everything that happened between us then.” (A. Pushkin) 2) “How you scared me,” she said, breathing heavily, still pale and stunned. - Oh, how you scared me! I'm barely alive. Why have you come? For what?" (A. Chekhov)
"P! - A. - P". "P! - A. - P!"	1) “Stop, brothers, stop! - the monkey screams. - Wait! How should the music go? That’s not how you sit.” (I. Krylov) 2) “I don’t understand why you are happy! - False Dmitriev said with surprise. “A man dies, and you rejoice!” (I. Ilf and E. Petrov)
"P? - A. - P". "P? - A. - P?"	1) “Where are you going? - said Ivan Ignatich, catching up with me. - Ivan Kuzmich is on the rampart and sent me for you. The scarecrow has arrived." (A. Pushkin) 2) “Did you fight with him? - I asked. “Circumstances, right, separated you?” (A. Pushkin)
“P... - ah. - P".<.П... - а. - П?»	1) “Wait... - said Morozko gloomily. - Give me a letter. (A. Fadeev) 2) “Wait...,” Lyonka shouted, freeing his flaxen hair from his grandfather’s clumsy, trembling fingers, perking up a little. - As you say? Dust?" (M. Gorky)

3. B in the author's words, tearing direct speech, there can be two verbs with the meaning of speech or thought; the first of them refers to direct speech standing in front in the author's words, second - to direct speech after the author's words. In such cases, before the second part direct speech A colon and a dash are added.

"P,- A: - P".

1) “No, nothing, great,” answered Pavel Petrovich and then added a little: “You can’t deceive your brother, you’ll have to tell him that we quarreled over politics.” (I. Turgenev)

Direct speech within words author

If direct speech is found within the words of the author, then before it after author's words put a colon direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks and is followed by a dash or comma (depending on the context), author's words are written with a small letter.

Dash after direct speech is set if:

b) at the end direct speech there is a question mark, exclamation mark or ellipsis.

A: “P” - a.	One Pushkin line: “I sighed heavily” says more than entire pages of prose or poetry could say. (S. Marshak).
A: “P!” - A.	I turned back, stepped towards her and would certainly say: “Madam!” - if only I didn’t know that this exclamation has already been uttered a thousand times in all Russian high-society novels (F. Dostoevsky)(a dash after the exclamation point that ends direct speech).
A: “P?” - A.	Only then did I straighten up and think: “Why is father walking around the garden?” - when everything around was quiet again (I. Turgenev)(a dash after the question mark that ends direct speech).
A: “P...” - ah.	However, he gradually calmed down, fanned himself with a handkerchief and, saying quite cheerfully: “Well, so...” - he began his speech, interrupted by drinking apricot (M. Bulgakov)(a dash after the ellipsis that ends direct speech).
A: "P", a.	1) I just looked at her, but she turned away and, saying: “Follow me, my page,” went to the outbuilding (I. Turgenev)(a comma closes the adverbial phrase). 2) Father Vasily raised his eyebrows and smoked, blowing smoke from his nose, then said: “Yes, so that’s how it is,” sighed, paused and left (A. Tolstoy)(a comma separates homogeneous predicates connected without a union).

Note. Direct speech is enclosed in quotes if it is written to a string.

If its entry starts on a new line and thus stands out as a paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of it (without quotes). This design is common in printed texts. For example:

1) - My God, Nadya has arrived!- he said and laughed cheerfully.- My dear, my dear! (A. Chekhov)

2) The hair moved on the top of my head, as if someone was blowing from behind, and somehow it burst out from me, involuntarily:

- How old is Aristarkh Platonovich?! (M. Bulgakov)

Direct speech, i.e., the speech of another person, included in the author’s text and reproduced verbatim, is formatted in two ways.

If direct speech is included in a line (in a selection), then it is enclosed in quotation marks: « I regret that I didn't know your father “,” she said after a while. –He must have been very kind, very serious, loved you very much " Luzhin remained silent(Eb.).

If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of it (there are no quotation marks):

Fedya and Kuzma were silent. Kuzma quietly winked at Fedya, and they went out into the street.

– This is what I came for: Have the Lyubavins come from mowing?

– We've arrived.

– Take Yasha and wait for me here. I'll pop home in a minute(Shuksh.).

Both methods of formatting direct speech can be combined if the speech of one person also includes the direct speech of another person:

– Did I say that?

– Oh, terrible fool!(Bond.).

– Did you have a dream?

– I saw it. It’s as if my father and I went to trade a horse, we both liked one horse, my father blinks at me: “Jump and ride » (Shuksh.).

§134

If direct speech is worth before introducing it in the author's words, then after direct speech a comma and a dash are placed, and the author’s words begin with a lowercase letter: “We understand everything perfectly, Nikolai Vasilyevich,” Solodovnikov quipped to himself, sitting down on a white stool.(Shuksh.). If after direct speech there is a question mark, exclamation mark or ellipsis, then these marks are preserved and a comma is not placed; the author’s words, as in the first case, begin with a lowercase letter: “Yes, I should have said goodbye!..” - he realized when the covered car was already climbing up(Shuksh.); “My blue-eyed guardian angel, why are you looking at me with such sad anxiety?” – Krymov wanted to say ironically(Bond.).

If direct speech is worth after the author's words, then these words end with a colon; punctuation marks after direct speech are preserved: I I tell him: “Don’t cry, Egor, don’t”(Spread); Philip mechanically moved the steering oar and kept thinking: “Maryushka, Marya...”(Shuksh.); I wanted to get to the “office” as quickly as possible, to pick up the phone as quickly as possible, to hear Dolin’s familiar voice as quickly as possible: “Is that you? It’s necessary, huh?”(Sol.).

§135

1. If at the rupture site turns out exclamation or question mark, then it is saved, followed by a dash before the words of the author (with lowercase letters), after these words a dot and a dash are placed; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter: “Do I now give happiness to many people, as I did before? - thought Kiprensky. “Is it really only fools who try to arrange the well-being of their lives?”(Paust.); “Yes, be quiet! - the duty officer ordered. “Can you be quiet?!”(Shuksh.).

2. If at the rupture site there should be direct speech ellipses, then it is saved and a dash is placed after it; after the author’s words, a comma and a dash are placed if the second part of direct speech is not an independent sentence, or a dot and a dash if the second part of direct speech is an independent sentence; the second part of direct speech begins with a lowercase or capital letter, respectively: “Probably the landlady is having a seizure...” thought Mashenka, “or she had a quarrel with her husband...”(Ch.); “Wait...,” Lenka shouted, freeing his flaxen hair from his grandfather’s clumsy, trembling fingers, perking up a little. - As you say? Dust?"(M.G.).

3. If at the rupture site direct speech there should be no punctuation mark or there should be mid-sentence marks: comma, semicolon, colon, dash, then the author’s words are highlighted with a comma and a dash; the second part of direct speech begins with a lowercase letter: “You can’t understand,” I whisper, calling Ruslan into the next room and closing the door, “because we are different creatures.”(Trif.); “So, it’s wilted a little, on one side,” Asya giggled in a youthful way, wrinkles spreading across her face, “like a stale apple.”(Trif.); “Suddenly you sow,” Semyon thought, “and ordinary barley grows. Most likely this will happen."(Sol.); “Yes, something is biting badly,” said Fog, “it hurts when it’s hot.”(T.); “But how you will play,” Darwin said in response to his thoughts, “that, of course, is the question.”(Eb.).

4. If at the rupture site there should be direct speech dot, then a comma and a dash are placed before the author’s words, and a dot and a dash are placed after these words; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter: “They were disbanded before the verdict,” Dvornik said. “They will announce it tomorrow at nine o’clock in the evening.”(Trif.).

5. If the author's words break apart within the meaning of into two parts, which relate to different parts of direct speech, then if other conditions are met, a colon and a dash are placed after the author’s words: “Ehma...” - hopelesslysighed Gavrila in response to a stern orderAnd bitterlyadded : “My fate is lost!”(M.G.); “Don't touch the uniform! –ordered Lermontovand added , not at all angry, but even with some curiosity: “Are you going to listen to me or not?”(Paust.); “Have you ever smelled copper on your hands? –asked unexpectedly the engraver and, without waiting for an answer, winced andcontinued : – Poisonous, disgusting”(Paust.).

§136

If direct speech turns out to be inside the author's words, then it is enclosed in quotation marks and preceded by a colon; direct speech begins with a capital letter. After direct speech, punctuation marks are placed as follows:

A) a comma is placed if it was necessary at the break point of the author’s introductory words: Saying, “See you soon,” she quickly left the room. ;

b) A dash is placed if there is no punctuation mark at the break in the author’s introductory words: Overcoming the awkwardness, he muttered a student witticism: “My grandmother fell ill with measles” - and wanted to give the conversation that had begun a casual lightness(Bond.);

V) A dash is placed if direct speech ends with an ellipsis, question mark or exclamation mark: The children expected him to praise them, but the grandfather, shaking his head, said: “This stone has been lying here for many years, this is where it belongs...” - and told about the feat of three Soviet intelligence officers(Dry); Pyotr Mikhailych wanted to say: “Please don’t get involved in your own affairs!” – but remained silent(Ch.); She[dog] stops. I repeat: “What is said?” – and I keep it on the counter for a long time(Priv.);

G) if direct speech is directly included in the author’s sentence as its member, then it is enclosed in quotation marks, and punctuation marks are placed according to the terms of the author’s sentence: Having told Grichmar the phrase “There is no easy life, there is only an easy death,” Krymov caught Stishov’s restless, warning glance(Bond.).

§137

If direct speech belongs to different persons, then each replica is highlighted separately in quotation marks:

A) replicas are separated from each other by a dash: “Is the samovar ready?” - “Not yet...” - “Why? Someone came there." – “Avdotya Gavrilovna”(M.G.);

b) if one of the remarks is accompanied by introducing author’s words, then the next one is not separated by a dash: “You’re a widow, aren’t you?” – he asked quietly. "Third year". - “How long were you married?” - “A year and five months...”(M.G.);

V) A dot and a dash are placed between replicas belonging to different persons and equipped with different author’s words: As he passed by, he said, “Don’t forget to buy tickets.” “I’ll try,” I replied.; if the first replica contains exclamation or question marks, the period is omitted: Passing by, he shouted: “Cheer up!” “I’ll try,” I replied. ;

G) A comma and a dash are placed between remarks belonging to different persons, but united by a common author’s sentence: When the clerk said: “It would be good, master, to do this and that,” “Yes, not bad,” he usually answered.(G.); if the first replica contains exclamation or question marks, the comma is omitted: When I asked, “Why do you wear a carpet on your back?” “I’m cold,” he replied.; the same with a different arrangement of parts of the author’s sentence: When I asked, “Why do you wear a carpet on your back?” - he replied: “I’m cold”(Current.).

§138

At paragraph allocation lines of dialogue is placed before the replica dash; After the author's words preceding the dialogue, a colon or period is placed. If the author’s text contains words introducing direct speech, then a colon is placed after them; if there are no such words, then a dot is added:

Carmen took her hand away; the unfinished beat froze with a questioning ringing.

– “I’ll finish the game,” she said.

– When?

– When will you be with me(Green).

The telegraph operator, a strict, dry woman, having read the telegram,suggested :

– Make it different. You are an adult, not in kindergarten.

– Why? - asked the Weird. “I always write to her like this in letters.” This is my wife!.. You probably thought...

– You can write whatever you want in letters, but a telegram is a type of communication. This is clear text.

The weirdo rewrote(Shuksh.).

The same with a single replica:

Shatsky walked around the room.

– Stuffiness, stuffiness! - he muttered. – The evenings here cause asthma(Paust.).

His eyes are lowered to his plate. Then he raised them to Nadya, ordinary blue eyes, smiled and said quietly:

– Excuse me. It's my fault. This is childish of me(Sol.).

§139

Paragraph and non-paragraph (with the help of quotation marks) highlighting of direct speech is used differentially. If the text alternates between external speech (addressed to the interlocutor) and internal speech (thought to oneself), then external speech is formatted using paragraph highlighting, and internal speech is formatted using quotation marks:

– Hmmm. Well, you're right. Business cannot be exchanged for idleness. Go ahead and draw your triangles.

Nadya looked pleadingly into Ivan’s eyes. “Well, what’s so scary about that,”I wanted to tell her . - Tomorrow will be a new evening, we can go to the White Mountains. And the day after tomorrow. But it’s not my fault if I promised two weeks ago.”(Sol.).

And after my words, he smiled from ear to ear (his mouth was just from ear to ear) and joyfully agreed:

– Okay, let's go then.

“Here I’ll show you, let’s go,” -I thought to myself (Sol.).

Only the inner ( thought to myself) speech in the author’s text, outside of dialogue:

Kuzma looked where they pointed. There, on the slope of another slope, mowers walked in a chain. Behind them, the mown grass remained in even lines - beautiful. “One of them is Marya,”Kuzma thought calmly (Shuksh.); Kuzma looked at her with joy. “What else was I, a fool, looking for?” –he thought (Shuksh.).

Punctuation marks for quotations

§140

Quotes conclude in quotes and are formalized with punctuation marks in the same way as direct speech (see § 133–136):

A) Marcus Aurelius said: “Pain is a living idea of pain: make an effort of will to change this idea, throw it away, stop complaining, and the pain will disappear.”(Ch.); Remember the words of L.N. Tolstoy more often: “A person has only responsibilities!”; M. Aliger has the lines: “A person needs very little for happiness to grow to its full height”; L. N. Tolstoy has an interesting comparison: “Just as the eye has an eyelid, so a fool has self-confidence to protect himself from the possibility of defeat of his vanity. And both, the more they take care of themselves, the less they see - they close their eyes.” ;

b) “Whoever shoots at the past with a pistol, the future will shoot at him with a cannon,” wrote R. Gamzatov; “He is not a writer who has not added at least a little vigilance to a person’s vision,” said K. Paustovsky ;

V) “To create something,” wrote Goethe, “one must be something”; “If on Nikolai (December 19),” the book said, “the day is cold and clear, it’s a good year for the grain harvest.”(Sol.);

G) Pascal’s statement: “Whoever knows how to suggest that he is not very cunning is no longer simple” sounds aphoristic; Picasso’s words: “Art is an emanation of pain and sadness” have a deep meaning .

§141

If the quotation is not given in full, then an omission is indicated ellipsis(at the beginning of the quote, in the middle or at the end):

A) “...If good has a reason, it is no longer good; if good has a consequence, then it is no longer good. Good is beyond effects and causes,” wrote L. N. Tolstoy in his diaries; “...The poem develops into my memories, which at least once a year (often in December) demand that I do something with them,” notes A. Akhmatova in “Prose about the Poem” ;

b) “The biography of the heroine... is written down in one of my notebooks,” writes A. Akhmatova in one of her letters from Komarov ;

V) “Goethe says somewhere that nothing significant can be created in a foreign language, but I always thought that this was not true...” wrote M. Tsvetaeva in 1926 to Rilke .

§142

If the quotation precedes the author's text, then after the ellipsis the word is written with capital letter; if the quotation comes after the author’s words, then after the ellipsis it is used lowercase letter : “... Olesha’s books fully express his essence, be it “Envy”, or “Three Fat Men”, or polished little stories,” wrote V. Lidin; V. Lidin wrote: “...Olesha’s books fully express his essence, be it “Envy”, or “Three Fat Men”, or polished little stories” .

§143

A quotation included in the author's proposal as a component of it is highlighted in quotation marks(but starts with a lowercase letter), punctuation marks are used only those that are dictated by the author’s sentence itself: L. N. Tolstoy’s thought “time is the relationship between the movement of one’s life and the movement of other beings,” expressed in his diaries, has a philosophical content .

If the quotation is not an independent sentence and ends with an ellipsis, then after the closing quotation marks a period is placed, referring to the entire sentence as a whole: Iskander noted that “wisdom is a mind infused with conscience...”. Wed: Academician I.P. Pavlov wrote that “an idea without development is dead; stereotyping in scientific thought is death; lordship is the most dangerous poison" . – Academician I.P. Pavlov wrote that “an idea without development is dead; stereotyping in scientific thought is death..." . – Academician I.P. Pavlov wrote: “An idea without development is dead; stereotyping in scientific thought is death..."(In the first and second cases, the period after the closing quotation marks refers to the entire sentence as a whole; in the third, the quotation is framed as an independent sentence that has its own final sign (ellipsis), so there is no period after the closing quotation mark.)

§144

When abbreviating a quotation that already has ellipses that perform certain functions inherent to them, the ellipses placed by the author quoting the text, indicating the abbreviation of the quotation, are enclosed in angle brackets: In the diary of L. N. Tolstoy we read: “She cannot renounce her feelings<…>. For her, like all women, feeling comes first, and every change occurs, perhaps, independently of the mind, in feeling... Maybe Tanya is right that this will pass by itself little by little<…>» .

§145

If the quoted text already contains a quotation, then use quotation marks of different shapes - “cute” ( „“ ) and “Christmas trees” ( «» ). “Paws” (or “paws”) is an internal sign; “Christmas tree” – external. For example: ““Respect for the past is the trait that distinguishes education from savagery,” Pushkin once said. Near this line, it seems, we have now stopped, realizing that we cannot retreat back, and not daring, but getting ready and getting ready to move forward, to true respect.”(Spread).

§146

If it is necessary for the quoter to highlight individual words of the quotation, this selection is indicated in parentheses: ( emphasized by us. – N.V.); (italics are ours. – N.V.); (our detente. – Ed.). For example: “Whoever wants to study man in history must be able to analyze historical (highlighted by us. – N.V.) emotions"(Yu. Lotman).

If the quoting person inserts his own explanatory text into the quotation or expands an abbreviated word, then this explanation is enclosed in square or angle brackets: “Thank you for admiring Moore[son of M. Tsvetaeva] …” – writes M. Tsvetaeva to B. Pasternak in 1927; “I must have read the staircase!” P[that's why] h[That] Leia read. Get it from her, correct the typos,” writes M. Tsvetaeva to B. Pasternak in 1927.

§147

References to the author and source of citation are enclosed in parentheses; The period ending the quotation is placed after the closing parenthesis. For example: “To think broadly pedagogically means to be able to see the educational meaning in any social phenomenon” (Azarov Yu. Study in order to teach // New World. 1987. No. 4. P. 242).

If a quotation ends with a question or exclamation mark, or an ellipsis, then these marks retain their place (they appear before the closing quotation mark). When listing examples, the period after the closing bracket is replaced with a semicolon: “How mysterious you are, thunderstorm!” (I. Bunin. The fields smell...); “Don't leave your loved ones. There are no former lovers in the world..." (A. Voznesensky. Poems. M., 2001. P. 5).

If an indication of the author or the cited source is placed below the quotation, in particular with epigraphs, then the parentheses are removed, as are the quotation marks in the quotation, and at the end of the quotation a sign corresponding to the given sentence is placed. For example:

White rose with black toad

I wanted to get married on earth.

S. Yesenin

You don't love me, you love mine!

F. Dostoevsky

... Why so often

I feel sorry for the whole world and I feel sorry for the person?

N. Zabolotsky

Painting teaches you to look and see...

A. Blok

Marking quotes and “alien” words with quotation marks

§148

In quotation marks quotations (other people's speech) included in the author's text, including direct speech, are highlighted (see § 140–145).

Without quotes Poetic quotations are issued if they are given while preserving the author's stanza. The position in the text takes on the excretory function:

The twelfth - the last and short - chapter of the book begins. The twelfth hour of Alexander Blok’s short life is striking.

Only in the menacing morning fog

the clock strikes for the last time...

…The year one thousand nine hundred and twenty has arrived, the fourth year of the new October era(Eagle).

Not in quotation marks and direct speech when conveying dialogue using paragraph division (see § 138), since the position in the text takes on the excretory function.

§149

They are highlighted with quotation marks. other people's words included in the author's text, when their belonging to another person is indicated: This happened in the spring of 1901, which Blok called"extremely important" (Eagle); Pasternak writes: “... in my individual case, life turned into artistic implementation, as it was born from fate and experience.” But what is"fate and experience" V"special case" Pasternak? This again"artistic transformation" , with whom meetings, correspondence, conversations were connected - with Mayakovsky, Tsvetaeva, Aseev, Paolo Yashvili, Titian Tabidze(Lich.); Jordan loved Kiprensky and called him"kind soul" (Paust.); Pasternak's struggle for"unheard of simplicity" poetic language was a struggle not for its intelligibility, but for its primordiality, originality - the absence of poetic secondaryity, primitive traditionality...(Lich.).

Putting quotation marks around unusually used words

§150

In quotation marks words that are alien to the writer’s vocabulary are highlighted: words used in an unusual (special, professional) meaning, words belonging to a special, often narrow circle of people communicating: I poked the oar, little boy"dal var" (Priv.); The grass did not wither for a long time. Only a blue haze (it’s popularly called"mga" ) covered the reaches of the Oka River and distant forests."Mga" it thickened, then turned pale(Paust.); Sasha lives"on bread" in a bourgeois house(Boon.); A solution of calcium sulfate salts from gypsum can pass into the microscopic pores of ceramics and give"efflorescence" on the surface of the work there are whitish spots under the glaze. Ideally, only ceramics would take root on ceramics. Such"implant" would age in sync with the original(magazine).

§151

In quotation marks foreign style words are highlighted, the ironic meaning of the word is emphasized, an indication is given of the double meaning of the word or the meaning known only to the one to whom the words are addressed: ...Many pages of an English classic novel"breaking" from the wealth of the material world and sparkle with this wealth(M. Urnov) (another style word in a scientific text); ...The mystery of this mysterious acquisition, a generous gift for"services" , serves as an example of ambiguous talk(M. Urnov) (ironic meaning of the word); As long as it's a secret, don't say anything"there" known to you"especially" (Ch.) ( there, person– the meaning of the words is known only to the addressee); I started taking exams... when"decent persons" they weren't kept(Eagle) (indication of the special, secret meaning of the word); ...And if not for this thesis, it is still unknown what the departmental"bewilderment" (Hall.) (ironic and disparaging use of the word); And so every day from"dawn" before"dawn" . A"dawn" - this is a special article used by the guard at the guardhouse in the morning and evening(Gil.) (double meaning - generally accepted and conventional).

§152

In quotation marks words used in a special, often conditional meaning are highlighted: After all, the zero cycle is"dust-free" cycle, it does not require numerous subcontractors and suppliers(Hall.).

§153

Quotation marks emphasize the purely grammatical unusualness of the use of words, for example in the case when parts of speech or entire phrases that are not intended to express these functions are used as members of a sentence: "Want?" , "let it be you" sounded in my ears and produced some kind of intoxication; I didn’t see anything or anyone except Sonechka(L. T.); From his friendly"I was waiting for you" she cheered up(B.P.).

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Signs for direct speech

§ 195.

To highlight direct speech, dashes or quotation marks are used, namely:

1. If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then a dash is placed before the beginning, for example:

Have you seen your mother? (M. Gorky).

2. If direct speech is in a line, without a paragraph, then quotation marks are placed before the beginning and at the end, for example:

The little girl ran and shouted:“Have you seen your mother? »

Note. Quotes inserted in the middle of a sentence are also marked with quotation marks, but are not preceded by a colon, for example:

Gogol rightly said that« in Pushkin, as if in the lexicon, all the wealth, flexibility and strength of our language is contained"(Belinsky).

§ 196.

A sentence that stands in direct speech and indicates to whom it belongs (“the words of the author”) can:

a) precede direct speech; in this case, a colon is placed after it, and after direct speech a punctuation mark is placed in accordance with the nature of direct speech, for example:

He turned away and, walking away, muttered: « But it's completely against the rules"(Lermontov).

Finally I told her: « Do you want to go for a walk on the rampart?"(Lermontov).

She looked and screamed: “This is Kazbich! "(Lermontov).

b) follow direct speech; in this case, after direct speech there is a question mark, or an exclamation mark, or an ellipsis, or a comma (the latter instead of a period), and after this sign a dash, for example:

“What about Kazbich?” ? I asked the staff captain impatiently(Lermontov).
or:
And what about Kazbich? ? I asked the staff captain impatiently.

“How boring it is!” ? I exclaimed involuntarily(Lermontov).
or:
How boring it is! ? I exclaimed involuntarily.

"Died " Aksinya echoed(Sholokhov).
or:
Died Aksinya echoed.

« There's the district chieftain», whispered Panteley Prokofievich, pushing Grigory from behind(Sholokhov).
or:
There's the district chieftain, whispered Panteley Prokofievich, pushing Grigory from behind.

c) break direct speech into two parts; in this case put:

after the author’s words there is a period if the first part of direct speech is a complete sentence, and a comma if it is unfinished, followed by a dash; if direct speech is highlighted with quotation marks, then they are placed only before the beginning of direct speech and at the very end of it, for example:

Would you like to add some rum?? I told my interlocutor. I have a white one from Tiflis; it's cold now(Lermontov).

Well, that's enough, that's enough! said Pechorin, hugging him friendly. Am I not the same?(Lermontov).

Hear me out said Nadya, someday until the end(Chekhov).

My name is Foma he answered, and nicknamed Biryuk(Turgenev).

It will rain, Kalinich objected, the ducks are splashing around, and the grass smells very strongly(Turgenev).

“Let’s go, it’s cold,” Makarov said and asked gloomily: Why are you silent? (M. Gorky).

Note 2. The rules set out in this paragraph also apply to sentences containing quotes with indications of who they belong to.

Note 3. Internal monologue (“mental speech”), which has the form of direct speech, is also enclosed in quotation marks.

§ 197.

If several replicas appear on a line without indicating who they belong to, then each of them is highlighted with quotation marks and, in addition, separated from the adjacent one by a dash, for example:

« Tell me, beauty, I asked, what were you doing on the roof today??» « And I looked where the wind was blowing" “Why do you need it?” " Where the wind comes from, where the happiness comes from». « Well, did you invite happiness with a song??» « Where one sings, one is happy"(Lermontov).

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Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. Complete academic reference book Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

Punctuation marks for direct speech

§ 133. Direct speech, i.e., the speech of another person, included in the author’s text and reproduced verbatim, is formatted in two ways.

1. If direct speech is included in a line (in a selection), then it is enclosed in quotation marks: « I regret that I didn't know your father“,” she said after a while. - He must have been very kind, very serious, loved you very much" Luzhin remained silent(Eb.).

2. If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of it (there are no quotation marks):

Fedya and Kuzma were silent. Kuzma quietly winked at Fedya, and they went out into the street.

- This is what I came for: Did the Lyubavins come from mowing?

- We've arrived.

- Take Yasha and wait for me here. I'll pop home in a minute(Shuksh.).

Both methods of formatting direct speech can be combined if the speech of one person also includes the direct speech of another person:

- Did I say so?

- Oh, terrible fool!(Bond.).

- Did you have a dream?

- I saw it. It’s as if my father and I went to trade a horse, we both liked one horse, my father blinks at me: “ Jump and ride» (Shuksh.).

§ 134. If direct speech is worth before introducing it in the author's words, then after direct speech a comma and a dash are placed, and the author’s words begin with a lowercase letter: “We understand everything perfectly, Nikolai Vasilyevich,” Solodovnikov quipped to himself, sitting down on a white stool.(Shuksh.). If after direct speech there is a question mark, exclamation mark or ellipsis, then these marks are preserved and a comma is not placed; the author’s words, as in the first case, begin with a lowercase letter: “Yes, I should have said goodbye!..” - he realized when the covered car was already climbing up(Shuksh.); “My blue-eyed guardian angel, why are you looking at me with such sad anxiety?” - Krymov wanted to say ironically(Bond.).

1. If at the rupture site turns out exclamation or question mark, then it is saved, followed by a dash before the words of the author (with lowercase letters), after these words a dot and a dash are placed; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter: “Do I now give happiness to many people, as I did before? - thought Kiprensky. “Is it really only fools who try to arrange the well-being of their lives?”(Paust.); “Yes, be quiet! - ordered the duty officer. “Can you be quiet?!”(Shuksh.).

2. If at the rupture site there should be direct speech ellipses, then it is saved and a dash is placed after it; after the author’s words, a comma and a dash are placed if the second part of direct speech is not an independent sentence, or a dot and a dash if the second part of direct speech is an independent sentence; the second part of direct speech begins with a lowercase or capital letter, respectively: “Probably the mistress is having a fit...,” Mashenka thought, “or she had a fight with her husband...”(Ch.); “Wait...,” Lenka shouted, freeing his flaxen hair from his grandfather’s clumsy, trembling fingers, perking up a little. - As you say? Dust?"(M.G.).

3. If at the rupture site direct speech there should be no punctuation mark or there should be mid-sentence marks: comma, semicolon, colon, dash, then the author’s words are highlighted with a comma and a dash; the second part of direct speech begins with a lowercase letter: “You can’t understand,” I whisper, calling Ruslan into the next room and closing the door, “because we are different creatures”(Trif.); “So, it’s wilted a little, on one side,” Asya giggled in a youthful way, wrinkles scattering across her face, “like a stale apple.”(Trif.); “Suddenly you sow,” Semyon thought, “and ordinary barley grows. Most likely this will happen."(Sol.); “Yes, something is biting badly,” said Fog, “it hurts when it’s hot.”(T.); “But how will you play,” Darwin said in response to his thoughts, “that, of course, is the question.”(Eb.).

5. If the author's words break apart within the meaning of into two parts, which relate to different parts of direct speech, then if other conditions are met, a colon and a dash are placed after the author’s words: “Ehma... - hopelessly sighed Gavrila in response to a stern order And bitterly added: “My fate is lost!”(M.G.); “Don't touch the uniform! - ordered Lermontov and added, not at all angry, but even with some curiosity: “Are you going to listen to me or not?”(Paust.); “Have you ever smelled copper on your hands? - asked unexpectedly the engraver and, without waiting for an answer, winced and continued: - Poisonous, disgusting"(Paust.).

§ 136. If direct speech turns out to be inside the author's words, then it is enclosed in quotation marks and preceded by a colon; direct speech begins with a capital letter. After direct speech, punctuation marks are placed as follows:

a) a comma is placed if it was necessary at the break in the author’s introductory words: Saying, “See you soon,” she quickly left the room.;

b) a dash is placed if there is no punctuation mark at the break in the author’s introductory words: Overcoming awkwardness, he muttered a student witticism: “My grandmother fell ill with measles” - and wanted to give the conversation that had begun a casual lightness(Bond.);

c) a dash is placed if direct speech ends with an ellipsis, question mark or exclamation mark: The children expected him to praise them, but the grandfather, shaking his head, said: “This stone has been lying here for many years, this is where it belongs...” - and told about the feat of three Soviet intelligence officers(Dry); Pyotr Mikhailych wanted to say: “Please don’t get involved in your own affairs!” - but remained silent(Ch.); She[dog] stops. I repeat: “What is said?” - and I keep it on the counter for a long time(Priv.);

d) if direct speech is directly included in the author’s sentence as its member, then it is enclosed in quotation marks, and punctuation marks are placed according to the terms of the author’s sentence: Having told Grichmar the phrase “There is no easy life, there is only an easy death,” Krymov caught Stishov’s restless, warning glance(Bond.).

Note. Direct speech is not highlighted in quotation marks:

a) if there is no precise indication of who it belongs to (direct speech is introduced by an impersonal or vaguely personal sentence): It’s not for nothing that they say: the master’s work is afraid(last); They said about him: strict, but fair;

b) if an introductory word is inserted into direct speech speaks indicating the source of the message: He says, I want to finish college and get a profession.; or if a direct indication of the source of the message is framed as an introductory construction: The scientist’s article, the critic reports, aroused great public interest.

§ 137. If direct speech belongs to different persons, then each replica is highlighted separately in quotation marks:

a) replicas are separated from each other by a dash: “Is the samovar ready?” - “Not yet...” - “Why? Someone came there." - “Avdotya Gavrilovna”(M.G.);

b) if one of the remarks is accompanied by introducing author’s words, then the next one is not separated by a dash: “You’re a widow, aren’t you?” - he asked quietly. "Third year". - “How long were you married?” - “A year and five months...”(M.G.);

c) a dot and a dash are placed between replicas belonging to different persons and equipped with different author’s words: As he passed by, he said, “Don’t forget to buy tickets.” “I’ll try,” I replied.; if the first replica contains exclamation or question marks, the period is omitted: Passing by, he shouted: “Cheer up!” “I’ll try,” I replied.;

d) a comma and a dash are placed between remarks belonging to different persons, but united by a common author’s sentence: When the clerk said: “It would be good, master, to do this and that,” “Yes, not bad,” he usually answered.(G.); if the first replica contains exclamation or question marks, the comma is omitted: When I asked, “Why do you wear a carpet on your back?” “I’m cold,” he replied.; the same with a different arrangement of parts of the author’s sentence: When I asked, “Why do you wear a carpet on your back?” - he replied: “I’m cold”(Current.).

§ 138. When paragraph allocation lines of dialogue is placed before the replica dash; After the author's words preceding the dialogue, a colon or period is placed. If the author’s text contains words introducing direct speech, then a colon is placed after them; if there are no such words, then a dot is added:

Carmen took her hand away; the unfinished beat froze with a questioning ringing.

“I’ll finish the game,” she said.

- When?

- When you're with me(Green).

The telegraph operator, a strict, dry woman, having read the telegram, suggested:

- Make it up differently. You are an adult, not in kindergarten.

- Why? - asked the Weird. - I always write to her like this in letters. This is my wife!.. You probably thought...

- You can write whatever you want in letters, but a telegram is a type of communication. This is clear text.

The weirdo rewrote(Shuksh.).

The same with a single replica:

Shatsky walked around the room.

- Stuffiness, stuffiness! - he muttered. - The evenings here cause asthma(Paust.).

His eyes are lowered to his plate. Then he raised them to Nadya, ordinary blue eyes, smiled and said quietly:

- Excuse me. It's my fault. This is childish of me(Sol.).

§ 139. Paragraph and non-paragraph (with the help of quotation marks) highlighting of direct speech is used differentially. If the text alternates between external speech (addressed to the interlocutor) and internal speech (thought to oneself), then external speech is formatted using paragraph highlighting, and internal speech is formatted using quotation marks:

- Hm-yes. Well, you're right. Business cannot be exchanged for idleness. Go ahead and draw your triangles.

Nadya looked pleadingly into Ivan’s eyes. “Well, what’s so scary about that,” I wanted to tell her. - Tomorrow will be a new evening, we can go to the White Mountains. And the day after tomorrow. But it’s not my fault if I promised two weeks ago.”(Sol.).

And after my words, he smiled from ear to ear (his mouth was just from ear to ear) and joyfully agreed:

- Okay, then let's go.

“Here I’ll show you, let’s go,” - I thought to myself (Sol.).

Only the inner ( thought to myself) speech in the author’s text, outside of dialogue:

Kuzma looked where they pointed. There, on the slope of another slope, mowers walked in a chain. Behind them, the mown grass remained in even lines - beautiful. “One of them is Marya,” - Kuzma thought calmly (Shuksh.); Kuzma looked at her with joy. “What else was I, a fool, looking for?” - he thought (Shuksh.).

From the book Handbook of the Russian Language. Punctuation author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

SECTION 1 Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence and during a break in speech § 1. Period 1. The period is placed at the end of a complete narrative sentence: A dark leaden mass is crawling towards the sun. Lightning flashes here and there in red zigzags. Distant can be heard

From the book Handbook of Spelling and Stylistics author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

SECTION 14 Punctuation marks for direct speech § 47. Direct speech after the author’s words 1. Direct speech is highlighted in quotation marks if it goes in a line (in a selection): Vladimir Sergeevich... looked at his man with bewilderment and said in a hasty whisper: “Go find out who This"

From the book Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

§ 49. Author's words inside direct speech 1. If the author's words are inside direct speech (highlighted by quotation marks), then quotation marks are placed only at the beginning and at the end of direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and the author's words (such punctuation was found in works

From the book Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation. Complete Academic Reference author Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

§ 52. Paragraphs for direct speech 1. If first there is a text from the author (introductory part, description, etc.), and then a sentence introducing direct speech, then it usually begins with the paragraph: He grabbed the pole, told Dina to hold it and useful It broke off twice—the block was in the way. Supported

From the book Rock Encyclopedia. Popular music in Leningrad-Petersburg, 1965–2005. Volume 1 author Burlaka Andrey Petrovich

SECTION 21 Punctuation marks in texts and colloquial speech Various difficulties arise in the punctuation of colloquial texts. In some cases, it seems possible to find some relationships between the structures of colloquial speech and

From the author's book

XX. Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence and during a break in speech § 75. Period 1. The period is placed at the end of a complete narrative sentence, for example: The shadow was thinning. The East is red. The Cossack fire burned (Pushkin). Note. A period is not placed at the end of a sentence after a period,

From the author's book

XXXI. Punctuation marks for direct speech § 119. Direct speech after the author's words Direct speech is highlighted in quotation marks if it goes into a line (in a selection), for example: A stunning news burst into a small town like a whirlwind: “The Tsar has been overthrown!” (N. Ostrovsky). If direct speech begins with

From the author's book

§ 121. Author's words inside direct speech If the author's words are inside direct speech, highlighted by quotation marks, then the latter are placed only at the beginning and at the end of direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and the author's words. For example: “I came to command,” said

From the author's book

XX. PUNCTION MARKS AT THE END OF SENTENCES AND WHEN SPEECH BREAKS § 75. Period 1. The period is placed at the end of a complete narrative sentence, for example: The shadow was thinning. The East is red. The Cossack fire burned (Pushkin). Note. A period is not placed at the end of a sentence after a period,

From the author's book

XXXI. PUNCTION MARKS FOR DIRECT SPEECH § 119. Direct speech after the author's words1. Direct speech is highlighted in quotation marks if it goes into a line (in a selection), for example: Remember often the words of L. Tolstoy: “A person has only responsibilities.” If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then

From the author's book

§ 121. Author's words inside direct speech 1. If the author's words are inside direct speech, highlighted by quotation marks, then the latter are placed only at the beginning and at the end of direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and the author's words, for example: “I can read, - first again

From the author's book

PUNCIPATION MARKS AT THE END AND AT THE BEGINNING OF SENTENCES. ENDING SIGNS IN THE MIDDLE OF A SENTENCE Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence § 1. Depending on the purpose of the message, the presence or absence of emotional overtones of the statement, a period is placed at the end of the sentence

From the author's book

PUNCTION MARKS FOR DIRECT SPEECH AND QUOTES

From the author's book

Punctuation marks for direct speech § 133. Direct speech, that is, the speech of another person included in the author's text and reproduced verbatim, is formatted in two ways.1. If direct speech comes in a line (in a selection), then it is enclosed in quotation marks: “I regret that I did not know your father,”

From the author's book

the relationship between direct speech and the author's words direct speech before the author's words § 134 direct speech after the author's words § 134 the author's words break direct speech § 135, paragraphs. 1, 2, 4, 5 the author’s words fall into two parts § 135, paragraph 5 direct speech within the author’s words § 136 direct speech belonging to

From the author's book

PUNCTUAL MARKS The group PUNCTION MARKS was born in June 1988 as a peculiar reaction to the change in musical direction in the popular St. Petersburg group of the second half of the 80s THE YOUNGER BROTHERS - from melodic neo-romanticism and electropop towards hard guitar

Seventh-graders of pedagogical gymnasium No. 1505 in Moscow developed and compiled a collection of exercises for their younger fellow students (supervisor I.L. STARIKOVA). This is how they do project activities - one of the types of research work - at this school.
In the fall, children in grades 6–10 choose a project topic, and during the winter session they defend the project as an exam.

Compilers of the collection are 7th grade students
Nadezhda ZAVYALOVA,
Nikita FILATOV,
Ivan TRIFONOV,
Andrey YUSHIN,
Karen LALAYAN,
GOU gymnasium No. 1505,
Moscow

Direct speech

Seventh graders make a book of exercises

I. Linguistic phenomenon
(What is direct speech?)

Direct speech - This is the transmission of someone else's speech, preserving its content and form. It accurately reproduces someone else’s statement and is accompanied by the author’s words.

"Guys let's be friends!" – Leopold the cat said with a smile.

Direct speech can include not one, but several sentences.

The pike began to beg Emelya: “Don’t destroy me, Emelya. Let it go into the river. Do you want me to make you rich for this?”

II. Spelling aspect
(Punctuation)

To highlight direct speech, quotation marks are used. The author's words can appear before, after, or inside direct speech.

Direct Speech Sentence Schemes

"P!" - A.

"Leopold, we surrender!" - shouted the mice, swimming in a glass of soda.

“P” – a.

“Frog, frog, give me my arrow,” Ivan Tsarevich begged.

"P?" - A.

“Do you know where you ended up?” – the robber Barmaley asked Doctor Aibolit.

A: "P".

The sly fox grinned and said: “Let me divide the cheese equally between you.”

A: “P?”

The wolf licked his lips and asked: “Where are you going, Little Red Riding Hood?”

A: “P!”

A fox rides on a wolf and slowly sings: “The beaten one carries the unbeaten, the beaten one carries the unbeaten!”

“P, – a, – p?”

“You say,” said the Needlewoman, “that you are kind, but why do you keep green grass under a snowy feather bed?”

"P! - A. - P!"

“Sivka-Burka, prophetic kaurka! - Ivanushka the Fool shouted. “Stand before me like a leaf before the grass!”

"P! - A. - P".

“Show me! - Danila the master shouted. “I can’t live without a flower.”

“P, – a. - P?"

“Hey, master,” Buratino said importantly. “Will you give us three crusts of bread?”

"P? - A. - P!"

“What kind of fool is he? - people whispered. “He’s cunning if he made the buckets move!”

Conventions.

- the easiest task
– moderate task
- the most difficult task

Exercise No. 1

* If you have any difficulties, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

Autumn came, and the sun was no longer so hot. “It’s time for us to think about winter,” Naf-Naf once said. But the brothers decided that they would walk and jump in the meadow. “Winter is still far away,” said Nif-Nif and somersaulted over his head. Nuf-Nuf lay down in a puddle and said: “When necessary, I will build myself a house.” Every day it became colder and colder. “Today we’ll take another walk, and tomorrow morning we’ll get down to business,” said the piglets. When a large puddle near the road began to be covered with a thin crust of ice in the morning, the lazy brothers decided to get to work. And only the hardworking Naf-Naf, building a house, believed that his house should be a fortress.

(Seventh graders provided the keys to all connected texts. They are not in this publication. – Red.)

Exercise No. 1

Read the text and write out sentences with direct speech from it.

Ole Lukoje quietly opens the door, and the children’s eyelids begin to stick together.
“Do you want to visit foreign lands at night and return home by morning?” – Ole asked Hjalmar.
The stork flapped his wide wings and flew to warmer lands.
“Tomorrow they will make soup from these chickens,” said Hjalmar and woke up in his small bed.
Ole-Lukoje said: “This mouse has come to invite you to the wedding.”
“How can I get through the small hole in the floor?” - asked the boy.
“What a wonderful smell! The whole corridor smells like lard! What could be better? - the mouse squeaked.
“What will you tell today?” - asked Hjalmar.
He opened his beautiful umbrella over the boy and said: “There is no time today!”