Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849—1936),
scientist-physiologist, the first Russian Nobel Prize laureate (in medicine).
The son of a Ryazan priest, Ivan Pavlov studied at the natural sciences department of the physics and mathematics faculty of the University in St. Petersburg.
Pavlov studied very successfully and attracted the attention of professors during all his years at the university. In the 2nd year of study, he was assigned the usual scholarship, in the 3rd year - he already received an imperial scholarship, which was twice the usual one.
Pavlov chose animal physiology as his main specialty, and chemistry as an additional one.
Pavlov's research activities began early. As a fourth-year student, he investigated the nerves in the lungs of a frog, studied the effect of laryngeal nerves on blood circulation. Students
Pavlov brilliantly graduated from the university, receiving the degree of candidate of natural sciences.
Pavlov believed that an experiment on animals is necessary in solving many complex and unclear questions of clinical medicine.
In 1890, Pavlov became a professor at the Military Medical Academy.
Pavlov carried out classical works on the physiology of the main digestive glands, which brought him world fame and were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904. It was the first prize in the history of mankind awarded for research in the field of medicine. A significant part of his work on conditioned reflexes immortalized Pavlov's name and glorified Russian science.
What is Pavlov's dog?
Studying the work of the salivary glands, Pavlov noticed that the dog salivates not only at the sight of food, but also if he hears the steps of a person carrying it. What does this mean?
The release of saliva to food that has got into the mouth is the body's response to a certain irritation, it happens "by itself" and is always manifested.
The steps of the man who was feeding the dog at a certain hour signaled: "Food." And the dog developed a conditioned connection in the cerebral cortex: steps - food. Saliva began to stand out not only at the sight of food, but also at the sounds, signaling its approach.
For the appearance of a conditioned reflex, it is necessary that a connection is formed in the cerebral cortex between two stimuli - conditioned and unconditioned. Saliva is secreted into food. If, while giving food (unconditioned stimulus), at the same time ringing a bell (conditioned stimulus) and doing this many times, then a connection between sound and food will appear. A new connection is formed between different parts of the cerebral cortex. As a result, even just at the sound of a bell, the dog begins to salivate.
An irritant can be light and darkness, sounds and smells, heat and cold, etc.
The dog salivates at the call: it has developed a conditioned reflex. If you light a light bulb before the bell, then a new conditioned reflex is developed - to light. But the reflex can disappear, slow down. Inhibition is of great importance in the life of the organism. Thanks to him, the body does not respond to any conditioned stimulus.
Combinations of excitation and inhibition are at the heart of the brain.
The irritations perceived by the senses are a signal of the environment surrounding the body.
Animals have such a signal system, and humans also have it. But man has another signaling system, more complex and more perfect. It developed in him in the process of historical development, and it is with it that the fundamental differences between the higher nervous activity of man and any animal are connected. It arose in people in connection with social labor and is associated with speech.
Pavlov's doctrine of higher nervous activity is a whole era in science. His teachings have had a tremendous impact on the work of physiologists around the world.
The words are minted on his tombstone: “Remember that science demands from a person his entire life. And if you had two lives, then they would not be enough for you either " .
Many scientific institutes and higher educational institutions are named after the great physiologist. New scientific institutions were organized for the further development of the scientific heritage of I.P. Pavlov, including the largest Moscow Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is one of the most famous physiologists in the world, who eclipsed his teachers, a brave experimenter, the first Russian Nobel Prize laureate, a possible prototype of Bulgakov's professor Preobrazhensky.
Amazingly, at home, little is known about his personality. We have studied the biography of this outstanding man and will tell you a few facts about his life and legacy.
1.
Ivan Pavlov was born into the family of a Ryazan priest. After the theological school, he entered the seminary, but, contrary to the wishes of his father, he did not become a clergyman. In 1870 Pavlov stumbled upon Ivan Sechenov's book "Reflexes of the Brain", became interested in physiology and entered St. Petersburg University. The physiology of animals became Pavlov's specialty.
2.
In the first year, Pavlov's inorganic chemistry teacher was Dmitry Mendeleev, who had published his periodic table a year earlier. And Pavlov's younger brother worked as an assistant for Mendeleev.
3.
Pavlov's favorite teacher was Ilya Tsion, one of the most controversial personalities of his time. Pavlov wrote about him: “We were directly amazed by his masterly simple presentation of the most complex physiological questions and his truly artistic ability to stage experiments. Such a teacher is not forgotten all his life. "
Zion irritated many colleagues and students with his integrity and integrity, was a vivisector, anti-Darwinian, quarreled with Sechenov and Turgenev.
Once, at an art exhibition, he had a fight with the artist Vasily Vereshchagin (Vereshchagin hit him on the nose with his hat, and Zion claimed that he was a candlestick). It is believed that Zion was one of the compilers of the "Protocol of the Elders of Zion."
4.
Pavlov was an implacable opponent of communism. “You are wrong to believe in the world revolution. You are sowing throughout the cultural world not a revolution, but fascism with great success. There was no fascism before your revolution, ”he wrote to Molotov in 1934.
When the purges began among the intelligentsia, Pavlov wrote to Stalin in a rage: "Today I am ashamed that I am Russian." But even for such statements, the scientist was not touched.
Nikolai Bukharin defended him, and Molotov sent letters to Stalin with the signature: "Today the Council of People's Commissars received a new nonsense letter from Academician Pavlov."
The scientist was not afraid of punishment. “The revolution caught me almost at the age of 70. And somehow a firm conviction stuck in me that the term of an active human life is exactly 70 years. And so I boldly and openly criticized the revolution. I said to myself: “Damn them! Let them shoot. All the same, life is over, I will do what my dignity demanded of me. "
5.
Pavlov's children were named Vladimir, Vera, Victor and Vsevolod. The only child whose name did not begin with B was Mirchik Pavlov, who died in infancy. The youngest, Vsevolod, also lived a short life: he died a year before his father.
6.
In the village of Koltushi, where Pavlov lived, many eminent guests dropped in.
In 1934, Pavlov was visited by the Nobel laureate Niels Bohr with his wife and science fiction writer Herbert Wells with his son, the zoologist George Philip Wells.
A few years earlier, H.G. Wells wrote an article for The New York Times about Pavlov, which contributed to the popularity of the Russian scientist in the West. After reading this article, the young literary critic Berres Frederick Skinner decided to change his career and became a behavioral psychologist. In 1972, Skinner was named the Most Outstanding Psychologist of the 20th Century by the American Psychological Association.
7.
Pavlov was an avid collector. At first, he collected butterflies: he raised, caught, begged from traveling friends (the pearl of the collection was a bright blue, with a metallic sheen, a butterfly from Madagascar). Then he became interested in stamps: a Siamese prince once presented him with stamps of his state. For every birthday of one of the family members, Pavlov presented him with another collection of essays.
Pavlov had a collection of paintings, which began with a portrait of his son, which was done by Nikolai Yaroshenko.
Pavlov explained his passion for collecting as a reflex of purpose. “Life is only red and strong, who all his life strives for a constantly attainable, but never attainable goal, or with the same fervor passes from one goal to another. All life, all its improvements, all of its culture is made a reflex of a goal, is done only by people striving for one or another goal set by them in life. "
8.
Pavlov's favorite painting was "Three Heroes" by Vasnetsov: the physiologist saw in Ilya, Dobryna and Alyosha images of three temperaments.
9.
On the far side of the moon, next to the Jules Verne crater, is the Pavlov crater. And between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, the asteroid (1007) Pavlovia, also named after the physiologist, is circling.
10.
Pavlov received the Nobel Prize for a series of works on the physiology of the digestive tract in 1904, eight years after the death of its founder. But in the Nobel Prize speech, the laureate said that their paths had already crossed.
Ten years earlier, Nobel had sent Pavlov and his colleague Marcellus Nentsky a large sum to support their laboratories.
"Alfred Nobel showed a keen interest in physiological experiments and offered us from himself several very instructive experimental projects that touched upon the highest tasks of physiology, the question of aging and dying of organisms." Thus, it can be considered that he received the Nobel Prize twice.
Such a personality was hidden behind a big name and a strict white beard of the academician.
A frame from the movie "Heart of a Dog" was used in the design of the article.
To recoil from the disastrous abyss, to pull his hand away from the burning fire - Ivan Petrovich studied the nervous system of living beings and its reaction to various stimuli. Thanks to Pavlov, it became clearer how we survived and survive on this planet. For example, the scientist was the first to divide reflexes into unconditioned (inherent in us genetically, by many generations) and conditioned (which we ourselves acquire during life).
But most importantly, Pavlov proved that physiological processes occurring in the cerebral cortex lie at the heart of the work of the human psyche (including what was previously called "soul" or "consciousness") and all the most complex relations of a highly developed organism with the surrounding environment. Through the efforts of our hero, even a new branch of science was born - "Physiology of Higher Nervous Activity".
2. Found out about digestion
Ivan Petrovich found out what exactly is happening with the omelet, which you swallowed at breakfast today. The scientist conducted hundreds of experiments to understand how food is chemically and mechanically processed in the body, how it is broken down and absorbed by the cells of the body (thanks to Pavlov, in particular, we can now treat a large number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract).
Ivan Petrovich, for example, performed a unique operation that had not been given to anyone before: he made a fistula (a hole in a dog's stomach), made sure that the animal remained healthy and it was possible to observe in natural conditions how and how much the body secretes gastric juice (in depending on what kind of composition and quantity of food enters the stomach). So Pavlov earned the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1904 -
"For the study of the functions of the main digestive glands."
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Born September 14, 1849 in Ryazan in the family of a priest. He himself graduated from the Ryazan Theological Seminary, but under the influence of the works of Ivan Sechenov he decided to change his profession. Studied at St. Petersburg University and the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy. In addition to the Nobel Prize, he received other important international awards: for example, the Cotenius Medal (1903) and the Copley Medal (1915). He was the director of the Physiological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now - the Pavlov Institute of Physiology). He died on February 27, 1936 in Leningrad.
Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov - Soviet physiologist, creator of the materialistic doctrine of and modern ideas about the digestion process.
Among Russian scientists, he was the first to be awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904 for many years of work on the study of the mechanisms of digestion. I.P. Pavlov studied the nature of the main digestive glands during the digestion of various types of food and participated in the regulation of the digestive process, re-creating the physiology of digestion. To do this, he had to develop a whole series of ingenious operations that made it possible, without disturbing the digestive processes, to see what was happening in the digestive ones, hidden in the depths of the body.
I.P. Pavlov made an important contribution to many branches of physiology, including researching the features of reflex regulation and self-regulation of blood circulation. His main merit is the study of the functions of the cerebral hemispheres, the creation of the doctrine of Fr. In the course of these studies, Pavlov discovered a special type formed in animals in the individual. Subsequently, they were called conditional. On the one hand, conditioned reactions are physiological reactions and can be studied by physiological methods, and on the other, an elementary mental phenomenon.
No physiologist in the world was as famous as Pavlov. He was elected a member of the academies of sciences of 22 countries and an honorary member of 28 scientific institutions.
After the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Council of People's Commissars issued a special decree, signed by V.I. In Leningrad, the Physiological Institute was organized, and in the village of Koltushi, a biological station, which became known as the "capital of conditioned reflexes."
The outstanding scientist has trained a huge army of students and followers. On behalf of the physiologists of our planet, who gathered in Leningrad in 1935 for the World Congress, Pavlov was awarded the title of "Elder of the Physiologists of the World." In the same year, addressing young people, Ivan Petrovich wrote: "Remember that science demands from a person his entire life." All of it is a confirmation of these words.
IP Pavlov is remembered not only as a great scientist, but also as a fighter for world peace. Congress delegates from 37 countries gave him a standing ovation when, opening the meeting, he addressed 1,500 listeners with an impassioned appeal to stigmatize war as the most shameful human phenomenon. “... I am happy, - said the scientist, - I am happy that the government of my great Motherland, fighting for peace, for the first time in history proclaimed:“ Not an inch of foreign land ... ”
All Pavlov's work was imbued with ardent love for the Motherland. "Whatever I do," he wrote, "I constantly think that I serve it as much as my strength allows, first of all, my fatherland, our Russian science."
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (September 14 (26), 1849, Ryazan - February 27, 1936, Leningrad) - Russian scientist, the first Russian Nobel laureate, physiologist, creator of the science of higher nervous activity and ideas about the processes of digestion regulation; founder of the largest Russian physiological school; 1904 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology "for his work on the physiology of digestion." He divided the entire set of reflexes into two groups: conditioned and unconditioned.
Ivan Petrovich was born on September 14 (26), 1849 in the city of Ryazan. Pavlov's ancestors on the paternal and maternal lines were priests in the Russian Orthodox Church. Father Pyotr Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823-1899), mother - Varvara Ivanovna (nee Uspenskaya) (1826-1890). [* 1]
After graduating from the Ryazan Theological School in 1864, Pavlov entered the Ryazan Theological Seminary, which he later remembered with great warmth. In his last year of seminary, he read a small book "Reflexes of the Brain" by Professor IM Sechenov, which turned his whole life upside down. In 1870 he entered the Faculty of Law (seminarians were limited in the choice of university specialties), but 17 days after admission he transferred to the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University (specialized in animal physiology under I.F. Tsion and F.V. Ovsyannikov ). Pavlov, as a follower of Sechenov, was involved in a lot of nervous regulation. Sechenov, due to intrigues, had to move from St. Petersburg to Odessa, where he worked for some time at the university. Ilya Faddeevich Zion took over his department at the Medical-Surgical Academy, and Pavlov took over from Zion a virtuoso operative technique. Pavlov devoted more than 10 years to getting a fistula (hole) of the gastrointestinal tract. It was extremely difficult to perform such an operation, since the juice poured out of the intestines digested the intestines and the abdominal wall. I.P. Pavlov so sewed the skin and mucous membranes, inserted metal tubes and closed them with plugs that there were no erosion, and he could receive pure digestive juice throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract - from the salivary gland to the large intestine, which was done by him on hundreds of experimental animals. Conducted experiments with imaginary feeding (cutting the esophagus so that food does not enter the stomach), thus making a number of discoveries in the field of reflexes of gastric juice secretion. For 10 years, Pavlov, in essence, re-created the modern physiology of digestion. In 1903, 54-year-old Pavlov made a report at the XIV International Medical Congress in Madrid. And the next year, 1904, the Nobel Prize for the study of the functions of the main digestive glands was awarded to I.P. Pavlov - he became the first Russian Nobel laureate.
In the Madrid report, made in Russian, I.P. Pavlov was the first to formulate the principles of the physiology of higher nervous activity, to which he devoted the next 35 years of his life. Concepts such as reinforcement, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes (not quite well translated into English as unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, instead of conditional) have become the main concepts of the science of behavior, see also classical conditioning.
There is a strong opinion that during the Civil War and War Communism Pavlov, enduring poverty, lack of funding for scientific research, refused the invitation of the Swedish Academy of Sciences to move to Sweden, where he was promised to create the most favorable conditions for life and scientific research, and in the vicinity of Stockholm it was planned to build, at the request of Pavlov, such an institution as he wants. Pavlov replied that he would not leave Russia anywhere.
This was denied by the historian V.D.Esakov, who found and published Pavlov's correspondence with the authorities, where he describes how he desperately fights for existence in the hungry Petrograd of 1920. He extremely negatively assesses the development of the situation in the new Russia and asks to let him and his employees go abroad. In response, the Soviet government is trying to take measures that should change the situation, but they are not completely successful.
Then the corresponding decree of the Soviet government followed, and an institute was built for Pavlov in Koltushi, near Leningrad, where he worked until 1936.
Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov died on February 27, 1936 in the city of Leningrad. Pneumonia or poison is indicated as the cause of death.
Life stages
In 1875, Pavlov entered the third year of the Medico-Surgical Academy (now the Military Medical Academy, VMA), at the same time (1876-1878) worked in the physiological laboratory of K. N. Ustimovich; at the end of the Military Medical Academy (1879) he was left as the head of the physiological laboratory at the clinic of S.P. Botkin. Pavlov thought very little about material well-being and did not pay any attention to everyday problems before marriage. Poverty began to oppress him only after in 1881 he married a Rostov woman Seraphim Vasilyevna Karchevskaya. They met in St. Petersburg at the end of the 70s. Pavlov's parents did not approve of this marriage, firstly, due to the Jewish origin of Serafima Vasilievna, and secondly, by that time they had already picked up a bride for their son - the daughter of a wealthy St. Petersburg official. But Ivan insisted on his own and, without receiving parental consent, went to get married with Serafima in Rostov-on-Don, where her sister lived. The money for their wedding was given by the relatives of the wife. For the next ten years, the Pavlovs lived very cramped. The younger brother of Ivan Petrovich, Dmitry, who worked as an assistant to Mendeleev and had a state-owned apartment, let the newlyweds into his place.
Pavlov visited Rostov-on-Don and lived for several years twice: in 1881 after the wedding and, together with his wife and son in 1887. Both times Pavlov stayed in the same house, at the address: st. Bolshaya Sadovaya, 97. The house has survived to the present day. A commemorative plaque is installed on the facade.
1883 - Pavlov defended his doctoral dissertation "On the centrifugal nerves of the heart."
1884-1886 - was sent to improve knowledge abroad in Breslau and Leipzig, where he worked in the laboratories of W. Wundt, R. Heidenhain and K. Ludwig.
1890 - was elected professor of pharmacology in Tomsk and head of the department of pharmacology at the Military Medical Academy, and in 1896 - head of the department of physiology, which he headed until 1924. At the same time (since 1890) Pavlov was head of the physiological laboratory at the then organized Institute of Experimental Medicine.
1901 - Pavlov was elected a corresponding member, and in 1907 a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
1904 - Pavlov is awarded the Nobel Prize for his many years of research on the mechanisms of digestion.
1925 - until the end of his life, Pavlov headed the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
1935 - at the 14th International Congress of Physiologists, Ivan Petrovich was crowned with the honorary title of "Elder of the Physiologists of the World." Neither before nor after him, no biologist has received such an honor.
1936 - February 27 Pavlov dies of pneumonia. He was buried at Literatorskie Mostki at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Cotenius Medal (1903)
Nobel Prize (1904)
Copley Medal (1915)
Croonian Lecture (1928)
Collecting
IP Pavlov collected beetles and butterflies, plants, books, stamps and works of Russian painting. I. S. Rosenthal recalled Pavlov's story that happened on March 31, 1928:
My first collecting began with butterflies and plants. Collecting stamps and paintings was next. And finally all the passion passed to science ... And now I cannot indifferently walk past a plant or butterfly, especially those I know very well, so as not to hold it in my hands, not to look at it from all sides, not to stroke it, not to admire it. And all this gives me a pleasant impression.
In the mid-1890s, in his dining room, you could see several shelves hung on the wall with samples of butterflies he caught. Coming to Ryazan to visit his father, he devoted a lot of time to hunting insects. In addition, at his request, various native butterflies were brought to him from various medical expeditions.
A butterfly from Madagascar, presented for his birthday, he placed at the center of his collection. Not content with these methods of replenishing the collection, he himself raised butterflies from caterpillars collected with the help of boys.
If Pavlov began collecting butterflies and plants in his youth, then the beginning of collecting stamps is unknown. However, philately has become no less a passion; Once, even in pre-revolutionary times, during a visit to the Institute of Experimental Medicine by a Siamese prince, he complained that his stamp collection did not have enough Siamese stamps and a few days later the collection of I.P. Pavlov was already decorated with a series of stamps from the Siamese state. To replenish the collection, all the acquaintances who received correspondence from abroad were involved.
Collecting books was peculiar: on the birthday of each of the six family members, a collection of the works of a writer was bought as a gift.
The collection of paintings by I. P. Pavlov began in 1898, when he bought a portrait of his five-year-old son, Volodya Pavlov, from the widow of N. A. Yaroshenko; once the artist was struck by the boy's face and persuaded his parents to allow him to pose. The second painting, painted by N.N.Dubovsky, depicting the evening sea in Sillamyagi with a burning fire, was donated by the author. And thanks to her, Pavlov developed a great interest in painting. However, the collection has not been replenished for a long time; only in the revolutionary times of 1917, when some collectors began to sell the paintings they had, did Pavlov put together an excellent collection. It included paintings by I.E. Repin, Surikov, Levitan, Viktor Vasnetsov, Semiradsky and others. According to the story of M.V. Nesterov, with whom Pavlov met in 1931, the collection of Pavlov's paintings included Lebedev, Makovsky, Berggolts, Sergeev. Currently, part of the collection is presented in the Pavlov Museum-Apartment in St. Petersburg, on Vasilievsky Island. Pavlov understood painting in his own way, endowing the author of the painting with thoughts and designs that he, perhaps, did not have; often, carried away, he began to talk about what he himself would have invested in it, and not about what he himself actually saw.
I.P. Pavlov awards
The first award named after the great scientist was the I.P. Pavlov Prize, established by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1934 and awarded for the best scientific work in the field of physiology. Its first laureate in 1937 was Leon Abgarovich Orbeli, one of the best students of Ivan Petrovich, his associate and associate.
In 1949, in connection with the 100th anniversary of the birth of the scientist of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the I.P. Pavlov gold medal was established, which is awarded for the totality of works on the development of the teachings of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Its peculiarity is that works previously awarded a state prize, as well as personal state prizes, are not accepted for the I.P. Pavlov gold medal. That is, the work performed must be truly new and outstanding. For the first time this award was awarded in 1950 by Konstantin Mikhailovich Bykov for the successful, fruitful development of the legacy of I.P. Pavlov.
In 1974, a commemorative medal was made for the 125th anniversary of the birth of the great scientist.
There is a medal of I.P. Pavlov of the Leningrad Physiological Society.
In 1998, on the eve of the 150th anniversary of the birth of IP Pavlov, the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences established a silver medal named after IP Pavlov “For the development of medicine and health care”.
In memory of Academician Pavlov, Pavlov Readings were held in Leningrad.
The genius naturalist was in his 87th year when his life was interrupted. The death of Pavlov came as a complete surprise to everyone. Despite his advanced age, he was physically very strong, burned with seething energy, worked unremittingly, enthusiastically made plans for further work II, of course, least of all thought about death ...
In a letter to I.M.Maysky (USSR ambassador to England) in October 1935, a few months after falling ill with the flu with complications, Pavlov wrote:
"Damn flu! Has knocked down my confidence to live to be a hundred years old. There is still a tail from it, although I still do not allow changes in the distribution and size of my activities."
MedicInform.net ›History of Medicine› Biographies ›Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
You have to live for 150 years
Pavlov was in good health and never got sick. Moreover, he was convinced that the human body was designed for a very long life. "Do not upset your heart with grief, do not poison yourself with tobacco potion, and you will live as long as Titian (99 years old)," said the academician. He generally proposed to consider the death of a person under 150 years of age "violent."
However, he himself died at the age of 87, and a very mysterious death. Once he felt unwell, which he considered "influenza", and did not attach importance to the disease. However, yielding to the persuasions of his relatives, he nevertheless invited the doctor, and he gave him some kind of injection. After a while, Pavlov realized that he was dying.
By the way, he was treated by Doctor D. Pletnev, who was shot in 1941 for the "wrong" treatment of Gorky.
The NKVD poisoned him?
The unexpected death, albeit an old, but still quite strong academician, caused a wave of rumors that his death could be "accelerated". Note that this happened in 1936, on the eve of the start of the "Great Purge". Even then, the famous "laboratory of poisons" was created by the former pharmacist Yagoda to eliminate political opponents.
In addition, everyone was well aware of Pavlov's public statements against the Soviet regime. They said that at that time he was almost the only person in the USSR who was not afraid to do it openly, actively spoke out in defense of the innocent repressed. In Petrograd, supporters of Zinoviev, who ruled there, openly threatened the courageous scientist: “After all, we can hurt him, Mr. Professor! "They promised. However, the communists did not dare to arrest the world famous Nobel laureate.
Outwardly, Pavlov's death strongly resembles the same strange death of another great Petersburger, Academician Bekhterev, who discovered Stalin's paranoia.
He was also quite strong and healthy, although he was old, but he died just as quickly after being visited by the "Kremlin" doctors. Physiological historian Yaroshevsky wrote:
"It is quite possible that the NKVD organs" eased "Pavlov's suffering."
Source (http://www.spbdnevnik.ru/?show=article&id=1499)
justsay.ru ›zagadka-smerti-akademika-1293
Perhaps any Russian person is well aware of the surname Pavlov. The great academician is known for both his life and death. Many are familiar with the story of his death - in the last hours of his life, he summoned his best students and, using the example of his body, explained the processes taking place in a dying body. However, there is such a version that he was poisoned in 1936 for his political views.
Many experts believe that Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was the greatest scientist of St. Petersburg, second only to Lomonosov. He was a graduate of St. Petersburg University. In 1904 he received the Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion and circulation. It was he who was the first Russian to become a laureate of this award.
His works on the physiology of the nervous system and the theory of "conditioned reflexes" became known throughout the world. Outwardly, he was stern - a thick white beard, a hard face and rather bold statements, both in politics and in science. For many decades, it was in his appearance that many imagined a true Russian scientist. During his life, he received many invitations to the most prestigious world universities, but he did not want to leave his native country.
Even after the Revolution died down, when life was rather difficult for him, like many members of the intelligentsia, he did not agree to leave Russia. His home was searched several times, six gold medals were taken away, as was the Nobel Prize, which was kept in a Russian bank. But it was not this that offended the scientist most of all, but Bukharin's insolent statement, in which he called the professors robbers. Pavlov was indignant: "Am I a robber?"
There were also moments when Pavlov almost died of hunger. It was at this time that the great academician was visited by his acquaintance science fiction writer from England - Herbert Wells. And seeing the life of the academician, he was simply horrified. The corner of the Nobel Prize-winning genius's study was littered with turnips and potatoes, which he and his students grew to keep from starving.
However, over time, the situation has changed. Lenin personally gave instructions according to which Pavlov began to receive an enhanced academic ration. In addition, normal communal conditions were created for him.
But even after all the hardships, Pavlov did not want to leave his country! Although he had such an opportunity - he was allowed to go abroad. So he visited England, France, Finland, USA.
Tainy.net ›24726-strannaya ... akademika-pavlova.html
The purpose of this article is to find out the cause of death of the Russian scientist, the first Russian Nobel laureate, physiologist IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV by his FULL NAME code.
Watch preliminary "Logicology - about the fate of man".
Consider the tables of the FULL NAME code. \ If on your screen there is an offset of numbers and letters, adjust the scale of the image \.
16 17 20 32 47 50 60 63 64 78 94 100 119 136 151 154 164 188
P A V L O V I V A N P E T R O V I Ch
188 172 171 168 156 141 138 128 125 124 110 94 88 69 52 37 34 24
10 13 14 28 44 50 69 86 101 104 114 138 154 155 158 170 185 188
I V A N P E T R O V I Ch P A V L O V
188 178 175 174 160 144 138 119 102 87 84 74 50 34 33 30 18 3
PAVLOV IVAN PETROVICH = 188 = 97-SICK + 91-FLU.
The reader can easily find numbers 97 and 91 in the upper table, if the code of the letter "E", equal to 6, is divided by 2.
6: 2 = 3.94 + 3 = 97 = SICK. 88 + 3 = 91 = FLU.
On the other hand, these numbers can be represented as:
188 = 91-DIE + 97-FROM FLU \ a \.
188 = 125-DIE FROM ... + 63-FLU \ a \.
188 = 86-DIES + 102-FROM ILLNESS.
We look at the columns in the top table:
63 = FLU
______________________
128 = DYING \ th \
64 = FLU
______________________
125 = DIE FROM ...
The final decryption of the FULL NAME code of academician I.P. PAVLOV removes all the veils from the mystery of his death:
188 = 125-SIMPLE + 63-FLU.
DATE OF DEATH code: 02/27/1936. This is = 27 + 02 + 19 + 36 = 84.
84 = Unhealthy \ e \ = END \ l life \.
188 = 84-UNHEALTHY + 104-GRIPPED.
188 = 119-UNHEALTH + 69-END.
270 = 104-GRIPPOVAL + 166-ENDED LIFE.
Full DATE OF DEATH code = 270-TWENTY SEVENTH FEBRUARY + 55- \ 19 + 36 \ - (YEAR OF DEATH CODE) = 325.
325 = 125-COLD + 200-DEATH FROM FLU.
The code for the number of full YEARS OF LIFE = 164-EIGHTY + 97-SIX = 261.
261 = END OF COLD.
189-EIGHTY W \ is \, Dying from the FLU - 1-A = 188- (FULL NAME code).
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