LCD vaccine decoding. JCV - measles vaccine. General characteristics. Compound

Vaccination of children against measles in Russia has been included in the national routine vaccination calendar. Immunization of the adult population is regulated by the national calendar of routine preventive vaccinations. In accordance with the calendar, adolescents and adults under 35 years of age, who have not previously been sick and unvaccinated, as well as contact persons from the affected area, are vaccinated free of charge.

Vaccination with the LCV vaccine against measles is included in the routine vaccination schedule for adolescents and adults. Let's look at what kind of LCV vaccination this is and how it is tolerated. Let's find out how often vaccination is done with the LCV vaccine.

What you need to know about measles infection

Measles infection, like chickenpox, can literally be blown in by wind from a window or ventilation system of a building. If a person with measles appears in a group, especially a child’s group, expect a mass disease. A patient with measles is contagious already in the incubation period, when the disease manifests itself only by general symptoms in the form of malaise, loss of appetite, and weakness. The patient is also contagious during the period of the rash.

Once infected, symptoms of measles are noticeable within 1 or 2 weeks. The first signs of the disease appear not in the form of a rash, but in the symptoms of a cold: cough, runny nose, sore throat and fever up to 38.0 °C. The distinctive signs of measles are the appearance of whitish small spots on the mucous membrane of the mouth, which are located near the molars. The rash characteristic of measles appears behind the ears, on the face and further down the body. Treatment of measles should begin immediately due to the frequent complications of the disease.

Description of LCV

The abbreviation LCV stands for live measles vaccine. The vaccine manufacturer is the Moscow Bacteriological Preparations Enterprise (Russia). The LCV vaccination is given to prevent measles in children and adults.

The LCV vaccine contains:

1. Live attenuated measles virus strain Leningrad-16.
2. Excipients: kanamycin sulfate or gentamicin sulfate.
3. Stabilizers: gelatin and LS-18.

The measles virus was grown on quail embryo culture. Antibodies to the measles virus are developed in 95% of vaccinated individuals within 3–4 weeks. The validity period of the LCV vaccination is 15–18 years. The vaccine is available in vials and ampoules in the dosage form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for subcutaneous injection.

LCV vaccination scheme

According to the instructions, the LCV vaccine is used for routine and emergency immunization for epidemic indications. The timing of LCV vaccination is regulated by the national calendar.

Immunization according to the calendar is done:

• children who have not previously been ill at 12–15 months of age;
• vaccinated children, if they do not have antibodies to the measles virus;
• Revaccination with LCV vaccination is given at 6 years of age.

Children born from a mother who has a seronegative reaction to measles are vaccinated with LCV twice:

• first vaccination at 8 months;
• repeated vaccination at 14–15 months of age;
• revaccination at 6 years of age.

Vaccination according to the calendar is also carried out for adolescents from 15 years of age, if they have not been sick, have been vaccinated or do not have data on vaccination. Children over 15 years of age and adults are vaccinated with LCV twice with a break of 6 months.

Emergency vaccination

At the source of infection, as well as in case of contact with a person with measles, emergency vaccination is given within 72 hours. LCV vaccination is done twice with a break of 6 months:

• persons, regardless of age, if they have not been sick or have not been vaccinated against measles, or have been vaccinated once;
• persons who do not have information about vaccination;
• children from 12 months of age.

Unvaccinated children, as well as pregnant women and patients with tuberculosis, in case of contact with a patient with measles, are administered human anti-measles immunoglobulin within 5 days from the date of contact. Immunoglobulin provides passive immunity. If it is necessary to administer the LCV vaccine, it is used no earlier than 2 months after the administration of immunoglobulin.

Directions for use and doses

The vaccine is dissolved immediately before use. The prepared solution cannot be stored and must be transparent in appearance. The LCV vaccination is done subcutaneously with 0.5 ml in the upper outer third of the shoulder or under the shoulder blade. Measles vaccination for children is combined with other vaccinations in combination vaccines against mumps, rubella, hepatitis B and polio. In the case of separate use, LCVs are used no earlier than 1 month after other vaccinations.

Side effects of the LCV vaccine

The reaction to vaccination can be local or general. The local reaction most often manifests itself in the form of hyperemia and edema at the injection site. The general reaction may manifest itself within 1–3 weeks:

• coughing;
• conjunctivitis;
• sometimes rash;
• allergic reactions - from manifestations of urticaria to Quincke's edema.

Harm from vaccination with LCV appears in persons with intolerance to foreign protein (quail eggs). People who are allergic to gentamicin and kanamycin may experience allergic reactions of varying severity. In very rare cases, a complication develops after inoculation of LCV into the nervous system in the form of encephalitis and convulsions against a background of high fever.

Contraindications for vaccination

LCV, like other vaccines, has contraindications. ARVI with fever is a temporary contraindication. Absolute contraindications are:

allergy to quail protein;

Live vaccines are not used in pregnant women or those with immunocompromised conditions because measles caused by the vaccine strain may develop.

Actions before and after LCV vaccination

It is important to know that the vaccine was created using quail protein and antibiotics, and this may cause allergic reactions. For people who are allergic to antibiotics, the vaccine can be given after taking antihistamines 3-4 days before the vaccine.

On the day of vaccination, while still at home, you need to take your temperature and undergo an examination by a doctor at the clinic. If necessary, the doctor will conduct a laboratory examination.

When you come home, do not get the vaccine wet and do not wear tight clothing. If an unusual reaction occurs, consult a doctor.

Dangerous symptoms are:

• labored breathing;
• rash;
• high temperature over 38.0 °C;
• pale skin;
• cardiopalmus.

In case of a slight increase in temperature, antipyretics can be taken. To avoid the risk of allergic reactions, do not eat unfamiliar foods for several days before vaccination.

Vaccines similar to LCV

The LCV vaccine has single-component and combined analogues of foreign and domestic production.

• single-component “Measles cultural live dry vaccine”;
• “Live attenuated measles vaccine” - can be used in children from 9 months;
• combined “Mumps-measles cultural live dry vaccine.”

Foreign combined and single-component analogues of the LCV vaccine:

• combined vaccine "Priorix" for the prevention of mumps, measles and rubella;
• combined MMR-II - live vaccine against the same three infections;
• monovaccine "Ruvax".

All vaccines are registered in Russia and are interchangeable. The measles vaccination schedule includes: LCV vaccine, Priorix, mumps-measles vaccine.

General conclusion

As a result, we found out what the LCV vaccination is for and what side effects it has. Measles vaccine has contraindications. To avoid a reaction, you need to prepare for vaccination in advance. If you have any doubts about the LCV vaccination, consult your doctor. If you have a history of allergic reactions, you can take anti-allergy medications a few days before the vaccination. After vaccination, you must follow your doctor's recommendations.

"Menactra" - a vaccine for the prevention of meningococcal infections

Live polio oral vaccine (reactions)

The live polio vaccine is practically areactogenic and does not cause either local or general reactions.

Post-vaccination complications and their prevention

After using LVS (live vaccine from Sabin strains), isolated cases of complications may be observed, and it is not always possible to find a cause-and-effect relationship between the pathological processes that have arisen and the vaccination performed. In the literature, there are reports of allergic reactions such as skin rashes, dermatitis, Quincke's edema and others, which are most often associated with exacerbation of existing allergic diseases.

Mild paralytic diseases were observed during the period of mass use of the polio vaccine and occurred as mild spinal paresis, also called parapoliomyelitis. According to many authors, it is legitimate to assume that some polio-like diseases are mild forms of polio in vaccinated people, which, under the influence of mass immunization, may have changed towards significant relief.

However, the genesis of this complication is not yet fully understood. “Vaccine-associated polio” (i.e., caused by a vaccine) includes diseases with damage to the anterior horns of the spinal cord and flaccid paresis that occur in children within 4-30 days after receiving VIV or in persons who have been in contact with vaccinated individuals up to 60 days after taking IVS. The frequency of this complication is negligible (1:-1:).

The genesis of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis is unknown; a possible reversion of attenuated strains of poliovirus towards increased virulence, as well as a decrease in immunity in vaccinated people, is assumed. Thus, the insignificant frequency and ease of post-vaccination complications after the use of the polio vaccine do not reduce the advantages of such an effective preventive measure.

“Care, nutrition and vaccine prevention of a child”, F.M. Kitikar

According to the degree of necessity, all vaccinations are divided into planned (mandatory) and according to epidemiological indications. Routine vaccinations are carried out for the purpose of immunoprophylaxis of the most common or dangerous infectious diseases, mainly anthroponoses with airborne transmission of pathogens, according to epidemiological indications - only in those places where it is necessary to ensure the immune layer of the population at risk of the disease, and when other measures…

Specific prevention of infectious diseases plays a significant role in the system of anti-epidemic measures. It is thanks to the widespread use of immunoprophylaxis that great successes have been achieved in the fight against many infectious diseases (diphtheria, polio, whooping cough, measles, tetanus, etc.). In our country alone, about 170 million vaccinations are performed per year. As a result, the incidence of many infections has sharply decreased, even to the point of elimination...

Persons to be vaccinated must first be examined by a doctor (paramedic at a paramedic-obstetric or paramedic station) taking into account anamnestic data. Persons with contraindications listed in the instructions attached to the vaccine are not allowed to receive vaccinations, permanently or temporarily. Children with chronic diseases, allergic conditions and others living in rural areas are vaccinated only after consulting a doctor. On the day of vaccination, the person being vaccinated also...

In the room where vaccinations will be carried out, you must first thoroughly wash the floors and furniture, preferably using disinfectant solutions. Tables for tools and couches for children are covered with ironed sheets. Children should not be vaccinated in rooms where sick people are admitted. Personnel must work in clean gowns and caps (scarves). Health workers suffering from pustular skin diseases, sore throats,…

When vaccinated against tularemia, regional lymphadenitis may develop (up to 2-3 weeks) and, extremely rarely, at 3-4 weeks - a general reaction such as an allergy, accompanied by the appearance of rashes on the skin (erythema), increased body temperature, etc. In persons who have been ill in the past tularemia or vaccinated against it (with immunity), a local skin reaction after cutaneous vaccination usually occurs after 24-48...

Diseases, pathologies, reference books on pediatrics,

Parents forum:

Treatment. Anti-tuberculosis drugs: ftivazide (30-40 mg/kg per day), tubazide (10-20 mg/kg per day), PAS (15-20 mg/kg per day), streptomycin (15-20 mg/kg per day). day intramuscularly). The course of treatment is 3-6 months. Prescribed for generalized BCG infection, abscessing lymphadenitis, and sometimes for calcification of the lymph nodes. Local treatment is prescribed for softening of infiltrates and lymph nodes, for caseous abscess lymphadenitis and caseous abscesses. Caseous masses are sucked out with a syringe and a 5% solution of saluzide or streptomycin is injected (5-6 punctures every 3-7 days). 10 are used as local treatment for ulcers and fistulas. % ftivazid ointment or 20% PAS ointment or ftivazid powder, PAS.

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Decoding the abbreviations of childhood vaccinations (what they are done and why)

VACCINATION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS

Prevention of tuberculosis is vaccination against tuberculosis with the BCG vaccine (BCG - bacillus Calmette-Guerin). The tuberculosis vaccine consists of live, dried bacteria from the vaccine strain, weakened by successive “recultures” over a period of 13 years.

The BCG vaccine is administered intradermally on days 3-7 of a child’s life. When the vaccine is administered correctly, a white papule is formed, which disappears after a few minutes. However, after 4-6 weeks, it forms again, turning into an abscess that becomes covered with a crust. After 2-4 months, a scar with a diameter of up to 10 mm forms under the crust in 90-95% of vaccinated children. Vaccination against tuberculosis with the BCG vaccine is a proven means of protection against the disease.

FIRST VACCINATION AGAINST VIRAL HEPATITIS B

The hepatitis virus is especially dangerous for children. When suffered at an early age, the disease in 50-95% of cases becomes chronic, which subsequently leads to cirrhosis or primary liver cancer.

In newborns, viral hepatitis is asymptomatic in 90-95% of cases, without classical jaundice and in 70-90% of cases leads to chronic carriage of the virus, and in 35-50% to chronic hepatitis.

Vaccination against hepatitis is reliable protection against a dangerous disease. Vaccination against hepatitis is carried out in the first 12 hours of life.

The hepatitis vaccine is repeated during the first month of the child's life. Without vaccination, a child can get hepatitis. The main route of infection is through blood (most often through blood transfusion).

A second hepatitis vaccine will protect against this disease.

FIRST VACCINATION AGAINST DIPTHERIA, WHOOPING COUGH, TETANUS, POLIOMYELITIS

Vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, and polio is carried out using a combined DPT or ADS-m vaccination.

The Russian DPT vaccine is identical in its set of components to the French vaccine D.T. Cook. DTP includes diphtheria vaccine and tetanus vaccine.

In some cases (in case of allergic reactions or in the presence of contraindications to DPT vaccination), the ADS-m vaccine, an effective vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus, is used.

The first vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, and polio is carried out in the third month of a child’s life.

SECOND VACCINATION AGAINST DIPTHERIA, WHOOPING COUGH, TETANUS, POLIOMYELITIS

The DPT vaccine is administered to the child a second time at 4.5 months. All components of the DTP vaccine are capable of forming immunity in almost 100% of vaccinated patients.

Vaccination against diphtheria is given intramuscularly. The vaccine is administered against the background of the use of antipyretic drugs, which helps prevent a possible increase in temperature and eliminate the risk of fever cramps in young children. In addition, antipyretic drugs have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

DTP vaccine is an effective means of preventing tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, and poliomelitis

THIRD VACCINATION AGAINST DIPTHERIA, WHOOPING COUGH, TETANUS, POLIOMYELITIS

The third DTP vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, and polio is carried out at 6 months. This completes the primary course of vaccinations, which form immunity lasting about 10 years. The whooping cough vaccine provides shorter-lasting immunity. The polio vaccine (OPV) is given by mouth. It is one of the least reactogenic vaccines. In addition to OPV, there is also the Imovax Polio vaccine. This vaccine is administered through an injection. The polio vaccine “Imovax Polio” does not contain live viruses and is therefore safe even for children with impaired immune systems and HIV-infected children.

THIRD VACCINATION AGAINST VIRAL HEPATITIS B

Modern prevention of hepatitis is based on vaccination. The third hepatitis vaccination is carried out at 6 months. Hepatitis b-vaccination "Engerix B" is a special suspension for injection. Dose for children - 0.5 ml (1 dose).

"Engerix B" promotes the development of immunity against the hepatitis B virus. Contains purified hepatitis B core antigen (HBsAg) obtained using recombinant DNA technology.

Hepatitis vaccination with Engerix B provides protection against hepatitis B in at least 98% of individuals who received 3 injections of the drug.

VACCINATION AGAINST MEASLES, RUBELLA, MUMPS

The first vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is carried out at 12 months. An imported vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps, Priorix, or a domestically produced measles vaccine is used.

Priorix meets the World Health Organization's requirements for the production of biological products, the requirements for vaccines against measles, mumps, rubella and live combination vaccines.

Vaccination of measles, mumps, rubella - mandatory vaccination for children 12 months of age

FIRST REVACCINATION AGAINST DIPTHERIA, WHOOPING COUGH, TETANUS, POLIOMYELITIS

The first revaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, in accordance with the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, is carried out at 18 months. The same vaccines are used as for primary vaccinations - DPT, DTP and OPV. If necessary, you can get tested for whooping cough at our clinic.

DPT revaccination is a necessary step to maintain the effect of previous vaccinations against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, and polio.

SECOND REVACCINATION AGAINST POLIOMYELITIS

Childhood vaccination, according to the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, includes the introduction of a polio vaccine at 20 months. The vaccine is made from live, weakened strains of three types of polio virus. It is administered orally in drops in an amount that depends on the concentration of the drug.

The child should not eat before or after receiving the polio vaccine for one hour. If after receiving the vaccine the child burps, the procedure is repeated. If regurgitation recurs, the vaccine is no longer administered, and the next dose is given after 1 month.

REVACCINATION AGAINST MEASLES, RUBELLA, MUMPS

Secondary vaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps is prescribed at 6 years of age. Measles, rubella, and mumps are among the most common childhood infectious diseases. Before a child enters school, it is necessary to receive a comprehensive vaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps using the Priorix vaccine or measles and mumps vaccines.

The rubella vaccine is not administered until the acute manifestations of the disease have ended. For mild acute respiratory viral infections, acute intestinal diseases, etc., vaccinations can be carried out immediately after the temperature has normalized.

FIRST REVACCINATION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS

Revaccination against tuberculosis is carried out at 6-7 years of age. To maintain immunity, the BCG-m vaccine is administered to healthy children with a negative result from a preliminary Mantoux test.

The main indicator of a child’s immunity to tuberculosis is the appearance of a positive Mantoux test and the diameter of the graft scar being 5 millimeters or more. The consequences of tuberculosis are extremely dangerous. If untreated, the mortality rate for active tuberculosis is 50%. In other cases, untreated tuberculosis becomes chronic. This is why revaccination against tuberculosis is especially important in childhood.

SECOND REVACCINATION AGAINST DIPTHERIA, TETANUS

The second revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is done at 7-8 years of age using the ADS-M vaccine.

Diphtheria and tetanus vaccinations for primary school children contain a reduced content of the diphtheria component. An analogue of the Russian vaccine ADS-M is the French-made vaccine Imovax D.T.Adult.

VACCINATION AGAINST RUBELLA (GIRL)

Rubella vaccination for girls is carried out at 13 years of age. Vaccination is necessary to prevent rubella during future pregnancies. Vaccination against rubella is done using the imported drug Rudivax.

The Rudivax vaccine contains live, attenuated rubella viruses. Due to the fact that the vaccine is “live”, its effectiveness is %. The duration of immunity caused by the Rudivax vaccine is more than 20 years.

VACCINATION AGAINST HEPATITIS (NOT PREVIOUSLY VACCINED)

If vaccination was not carried out in early childhood, you can get vaccinated against hepatitis at 13 years of age. The drug "Engerix B" is an effective vaccine that promotes the development of immunity against the hepatitis B virus.

Prevention of viral hepatitis is the best way to avoid a dangerous disease, which in adolescence threatens the development of acute liver failure or even cirrhosis of the liver.

THIRD REVACCINATION AGAINST DIPTHERIA, TETANUS, POLIOMYELITIS. SECOND REVACCINATION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS

The third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, polio, as well as revaccination against tuberculosis is carried out on the fly. Vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus - ADS; vaccine against polio - OPV, against tuberculosis - BCG-m.

Revaccination against tuberculosis is carried out only in the absence of active disease. The polio vaccine OPV is administered orally. It is one of the least reactogenic vaccines and causes virtually no side effects.

REVACCINATION AGAINST MEASLES AND MUMPS IN SINGLE-TIME VACCINATES

Vaccination against measles and mumps is done immediately if vaccination has been carried out once before.

The measles vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies to the measles virus, which reach maximum levels 3-4 weeks after vaccination. The drug meets WHO requirements. The measles vaccine contains at least TCD of the measles virus, stabilizer, and gentaphycin sulfate. The mumps vaccine stimulates the production of protective antibodies, which reach their maximum concentration 6-7 weeks after vaccination. Measles vaccination also meets WHO requirements.

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Vaccination of children: an explanatory dictionary of vaccinations

Your baby was recently born. And now it’s time to go with him to the clinic for vaccinations.

Of course, you are very worried about how the child will cope with the vaccination and whether there will be any complications. And you just can’t figure out the huge number of terms and abbreviations that doctors throw at you every now and then.

Let's try to understand everything together. To do this, we will compile a small explanatory dictionary of vaccinations, which will include the most common concepts and abbreviations associated with vaccination, and explanations for them.

According to the World Health Organization, vaccination against polio, tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, mumps (mumps) saves 3 million children worldwide every year

Vaccination is the introduction of antigenic material to develop immunity to a disease. Immunity should prevent infection or make the course of the disease mild.

The following can be used as antigenic material: live but weakened microbes; killed (inactivated) microbes; purified microbial material or synthetic components.

Revaccination is repeated vaccination. For example, a child in the maternity hospital is vaccinated against tuberculosis with BCG, and at the age of 7 a revaccination is given.

The vaccination calendar is a document approved by order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. It determines the timing and types of vaccinations, which are carried out free of charge and on a large scale.

You can view the current vaccination calendar here.

Contraindications to vaccinations are diseases, disorders, disorders and conditions that prevent vaccination and the formation of immunity to certain diseases without harm to the child’s health.

Reactions to vaccinations are conditions that occur within 24 hours after the injection, are prescribed in the instructions for the drug (the most common side effects), are considered normal and do not require treatment. The most common reaction to vaccination is an increase in body temperature to 38 degrees. Usually, to alleviate the child’s condition, doctors recommend giving the baby paracetamol when the child has a fever.

Complications after vaccinations are serious conditions that occur within 24 hours after the injection and require medical intervention. For example, anaphylactic shock, convulsions, temperature degrees.

Medical withdrawal is a temporary delay in vaccination given by a doctor based on the child’s health condition.

Maria Savinova, pediatrician, homeopath: “If a child cannot be vaccinated, the doctor should give him a so-called medical exemption - that is, a deferment from vaccination. Medical withdrawal can be absolute, that is, forever, and temporary – for the period of an acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic illness.”

Vaccinations: deciphering abbreviations

BCG (short for bacillus Calmette-Gerren (BCG), after the name of the scientists who received this vaccine) is a vaccine that consists of weakened pathogenic bacteria that are not capable of causing tuberculosis, but are sufficient to prevent to build immunity against this disease. This vaccination is given in the first 3-7 days of life in the maternity hospital and at 7 years of age.

BCG-M is a vaccine that contains half as many microbial bodies as the standard BCG vaccine. This vaccine is usually given to weak children.

DTP is an adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, which consists of inactivated (killed) pertussis germs and purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (preparations prepared from toxins that do not have pronounced toxic properties).

DTaP is a vaccine analogue to DTP, only it contains an acellular (cell-free) pertussis component. This vaccine is much easier to tolerate than DTP.

ADS is a vaccine that contains diphtheria-tetanus toxoid and protects against diphtheria and tetanus. Most often it is used to vaccinate children for whom DPT vaccination is contraindicated.

ADS-m is a vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus, which contains a reduced amount of diphtheria toxoid. It is used for revaccination of children over 6 years of age and adults every 10 years.

Dr. Komarovsky (program “Dr. Komarovsky’s School”, issue dated November 6, 2011, topic “DTP vaccination”): “Every adult should be vaccinated against tetanus every 10 years, but this does not happen. Therefore, it turns out that the majority of our adult population is not vaccinated against tetanus.”

MMR is a vaccine that protects against measles, rubella and mumps (mumps), it consists of live strains of the measles, rubella and mumps virus. The MMR vaccination is given at 12 months and 6 years.

IPV is an injectable polio vaccine and consists of inactivated (non-living) viruses.

OPV is an oral polio vaccine (drops) that consists of live, weakened viruses.

According to the vaccination calendar, children are vaccinated against polio six times: at 3, 4, 5 months and at 18 months, 6 and 14 years. The first two times the IPV vaccine is used, and the remaining times OPV.

A mother-forum member with the nickname Adelaida00 says: “When my child was 3 months old, he and I went to get a DTP vaccination, everything went great, there were no reactions after the vaccination, only the injection site turned a little red and swollen. Two weeks after this vaccination, I learned that at 3 months the child should also be vaccinated against polio and hemophilus influenzae. But they didn’t do this to my baby. I became worried, I even wanted to call the clinic and demand an explanation. But before that, I decided to read the instructions for the vaccine that we were given, DTP - Pentaxim. It turned out that this is a complex vaccine that helps create immunity not only for tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria, but also for polio and Haemophilus influenzae infection. After reading all this, I calmed down. But, of course, I believe that the doctor should have told me that the child would be given an injection with a complex vaccine, which includes polio and hemophilus influenzae infection.”

Gentle vaccination - vaccination with half doses of vaccines or vaccines with a reduced number of microbial bodies or toxoids.

Dr. Komarovsky (program “Dr. Komarovsky’s School”, episode dated May 27, 2012, topic “When can’t you vaccinate?”): “Gentle vaccination is an option to do something half-heartedly. For example, in the DTP vaccine, the pertussis component most often gives a reaction, so let’s not do DTP, but let’s spare you and make the DPT vaccine, without whooping cough, it is much easier to tolerate. Now we need to understand who are we sparing? It turns out that we, a child who, for example, already has health problems, are deliberately defenseless against a disease called whooping cough. What do we spare in such a situation? Another issue is that sometimes gentle vaccination requires additional money. For example, there is a live and inactivated vaccine for polio. It is clear that a live vaccine is a more serious burden on the body than an inactivated one, so you can spare the child and use an inactivated vaccine. But an inactivated vaccine can be much more expensive than a live one, so the state cannot always provide the opportunity to use gentle vaccination.”

The Mantoux test or tuberculosis test is an immunological test that shows whether there is a tuberculosis infection in the body. During the test, tuberculin (a special diagnostic drug) is administered and the body's reaction is observed. If the skin reaction is severe (a lump of 5-16 mm in size appears at the injection site), this indicates that the body is actively interacting with the pathogen.

Haemophilus influenzae infection is a complex of diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae. The most common forms of hemophilus influenzae infection are: acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, meningitis. Children are vaccinated against hemophilus influenzae; vaccination includes 4 vaccinations: at 3, 4, 5 and 18 months on the same day as vaccination against polio and DPT.

Anti-vaccination is a social movement that challenges the effectiveness and safety of vaccination. Based on the arguments of anti-vaccinators, some parents voluntarily refuse to vaccinate their children.

Vaccination helps protect a child from many diseases. Before refusing vaccinations, try to understand all the concepts regarding vaccination, decipher all the “vaccination” abbreviations and learn as much as possible about why and why certain vaccinations are recommended. Knowledge is power and a guarantee of your baby’s health!

Currently, measles vaccination is considered an important preventive measure. Measles is a very serious and contagious disease. It is transmitted during contact with a sick person. This disease is common only in humans. There is an opinion that measles is painless in children under 10 years of age. However, it is wrong. Of course, mortality statistics in children are not very high, but it’s still not worth the risk; it’s better to prevent infection.

In addition, measles can cause serious complications. They have an unpleasant effect on the patient’s health and can hinder a speedy recovery. Such complications are more often: encephalitis, excessive loss of proteins in the body, pathologies of the nervous system. They can occur in one person out of a thousand infected. In any case, the infectious disease will be very unpleasant to pass. Therefore, all required precautions must be taken.

Measles vaccination

Live measles vaccination is quite effective in preventing the disease. In case of an unpleasant infection, the vaccine helps to avoid serious complications and protect others from infection. Prevention of the disease should be carried out without fail. It is especially necessary to carry it out in children under 4 years of age to avoid the disease. The children's body is most prone to infection.

There are two main types of measles vaccine:

• monovalent;
• polyvalent.

The monovalent vaccine contains only one component - a weakened measles virus. It is designed to prevent only one disease and does not apply to others. A polyvalent vaccine contains several components. It aims to produce antibodies against several diseases. The vaccine may contain 2 to 4 components, for example: measles, rubella, chickenpox or measles, mumps and rubella.

Vaccines are equally effective no matter how many ingredients they contain. The World Health Organization releases only safe and beneficial vaccines to the pharmaceutical market. They are all interchangeable and do not affect each other's usefulness. There are no negative consequences from the use of different drugs.

The measles vaccine is available in the form of a dry powder. Before the injection is administered into the body, the dried powder is diluted with a solvent. The diluted drug should be stored for no more than an hour, otherwise it loses its ability to induce immunity to infection. Simply put, it becomes pointless to use. Live dry measles culture vaccine is stored frozen at a temperature of -20 to -70°C. The diluted vaccine can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 5 hours. Also, the dry cultured measles vaccine must be stored in painted flasks so that sunlight does not penetrate into the preparation. Because of them, the vaccine loses its properties and becomes useless.

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Why is the measles vaccine given?

Vaccination is an important factor in preventing the onset of the disease. It prevents the occurrence of an epidemic and complications in case of infection. The risk of contracting measles is quite small. Out of 100 thousand vaccinated people, only one can get sick. And the disease is much easier to tolerate than in the absence of vaccination.

Many parents may have heard that infections such as measles, chickenpox and rubella are better tolerated by children, and after a person has been ill, they develop lifelong immunity to these diseases. In fact, this theory is not entirely true. For a child, like any other person, an infectious disease will not be so easy. Therefore, the prophylactic live measles vaccine, or LPV, must be given to the baby at an early age in order to avoid the spread of infection among other children. Newborns are immune to the disease for several months. It is because of this that children are not immediately vaccinated, but only 9 months after birth. If the baby’s mother has had measles, she has passed on her immunity to the child, and he may not even need vaccination against this disease.

LCV (stands for live measles vaccine) allows the body to build strong immunity to this disease.

It is called live because it contains a very weakened virus that cannot spread throughout the body. The immune system begins to immediately respond to infection, thereby trying to prevent the spread of the disease within a person. And in the event of subsequent infection with the same virus, protective antibodies will immediately attack it.

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Measles vaccination for children and adults

Vaccinations for children and adults are considered an important procedure. Its necessity is due to two main reasons:

1. Unfavorable epidemiological situation. It is affected by increased migration of people who may be carriers of various infectious diseases from other countries or regions.
2. Thanks to timely preventive vaccination, the number of people infected with measles has been reduced by 15%.

Adults need to be re-vaccinated before the age of 35, because The first vaccine given in childhood provides immunity for 20 years. After this, with age, the immune system becomes susceptible to the disease. The measles cultured live dry vaccine should be reintroduced into the body to avoid accidental infection. The disease is more severely tolerated by adults.

Many experts recommend re-vaccination to avoid the outbreak of an epidemic among people around the sick person. Measles complications for adults are very dangerous. They can cause much more trouble than measles itself. In this case, you will have to treat several diseases at once in addition to the main one, and this will create unnecessary problems for the sick person.

Children should be vaccinated without fail, since at an early age the body is not yet strong and is susceptible to serious complications. A child should only be vaccinated at least 9 months after birth. This is due to the fact that the child’s immune system in the first six months of his life is too weak to introduce infection, so his body is protected by antibodies transferred from the mother.

Doctors recommend vaccinating a child over the age of 1 year, since susceptibility to infection will be one hundred percent, and the immune system will be able to cope with the disease on its own. In some countries, measles vaccination is carried out for the first time at 9 months, and the second at 18 months. This is due to the fact that the likelihood of getting sick even before immunity is formed is extremely high.

Most often, children are re-vaccinated at the age of 6 years. It aims to avoid measles epidemics. Vaccination for preschoolers helps avoid infection in children and prevent mass epidemics or quarantine. Now this is quite possible, but about 10 years ago a massive measles epidemic was not uncommon.

Active substance

Measles virus (measles vaccine (live))

Release form, composition and packaging

Lyophilisate for preparing a solution for subcutaneous administration in the form of a homogeneous porous, loose mass, white or white-yellow in color, hygroscopic.

Excipients: stabilizer- sorbitol - 25 mg, gelatin - 12.5 mg.

1 dose - bottles (50) complete with solvent (amp. 0.5 ml) - cardboard packs.
10 doses - bottles (50) complete with solvent (amp. 5 ml) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

The vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies to the measles virus, which reach their maximum level 3-4 weeks after vaccination.

The drug meets WHO requirements.

Indications

• routine measles prevention.

Routine vaccinations are carried out twice at the ages of 12-15 months and 6 years for children who have not had measles.

Children born from mothers seronegative for the measles virus are vaccinated at the age of 8 months and then at 14-15 months and 6 years.

The interval between vaccination and re-vaccination should be at least 6 months.

Contraindications

• primary immunodeficiency conditions, malignant blood diseases and neoplasms;
• severe reaction (temperature rise above 40°C, swelling, hyperemia more than 8 cm in diameter at the injection site) or a complication to a previous vaccine administration;
• severe renal dysfunction;
• heart disease in the stage of decompensation;
• pregnancy.

Dosage

Immediately before use, the vaccine is diluted only with the supplied solvent () using a sterile syringe at the rate of 0.5 ml of solvent per one vaccination dose of the vaccine.

The vaccine should completely dissolve within 3 minutes to form a clear, colorless or light yellow solution.

The vaccine and solvent in vials and ampoules with damaged integrity, labeling, or changes in their physical properties (color, transparency, etc.), expired, or improperly stored are not suitable for use.

The opening of vials, ampoules and the vaccination procedure are carried out in strict compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics. The ampoules at the incision site are treated with 70° alcohol and broken off, while preventing alcohol from entering the ampoule.

To dilute the vaccine, use a sterile syringe to remove the entire required volume of solvent and transfer it to a bottle with dry vaccine. After mixing, change the needle, draw the vaccine into the syringe and inject it.

The vaccine is administered deeply subcutaneously in a volume of 0.5 ml under the shoulder blade or into the shoulder area (at the border between the lower and middle third of the shoulder from the outside), having previously treated the skin at the site of vaccine administration with 70° alcohol.

The diluted vaccine cannot be stored.

The supplied diluent is specially made for this vaccine. The use of solvents for other vaccines and measles vaccines from other manufacturers is not permitted. The use of inappropriate solvents may result in altered vaccine properties and severe reactions in recipients.

Side effects

In the next 24 hours after receiving the measles vaccine, you may experience mild soreness at the injection site. In most cases, the pain goes away within 2-3 days without treatment. 5-15% of vaccinated people may have a moderate increase in temperature lasting 1-2 days 7-12 days after vaccination. In 2% of vaccinated people, a rash lasting up to 2 days may appear on days 7-10 after vaccination.

Mild adverse reactions occur less frequently after the second dose of the vaccine. In the post-vaccination period, the development of encephalitis was registered with a frequency of 1:1,000,000 doses administered, but a causal relationship with vaccination has not been proven.

Complications that develop extremely rarely include convulsive reactions, which most often occur 6-10 days after vaccination, usually against the background of high fever, and allergic reactions that occur in the first 24-48 hours in children with allergic reactivity.

An increase in temperature above 38.5°C in the post-vaccination period is an indication for the prescription of antipyretics.

Drug interactions

After the administration of human drugs, vaccinations against measles are carried out no earlier than 2 months later. After the administration of measles vaccine, immunoglobulin preparations can be administered no earlier than 2 weeks; If it is necessary to use immunoglobulin earlier than this period, measles vaccination should be repeated.

After vaccination, a transient inversion of a tuberculin-positive reaction to a tuberculin-negative reaction may be observed.

Vaccination against measles can be carried out simultaneously (on the same day) with other vaccinations of the National Calendar (against mumps, rubella, polio, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus) or no earlier than 1 month after the previous vaccination.

special instructions

Vaccinations are carried out:

• after acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, during exacerbation of chronic diseases - after the end of acute manifestations of the disease;
• for mild forms of ARVI, acute intestinal diseases and others - immediately after the temperature has normalized;
• after immunosuppressive therapy - 3-6 months after the end of treatment.

Persons temporarily exempt from vaccinations should be monitored and vaccinated after the contraindications are lifted.

When the vaccine is administered to patients receiving corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, or undergoing radiotherapy, an adequate immune response may not be obtained.

The vaccine can be prescribed to children with an established or suspected diagnosis of HIV infection. Although available data are limited and more research is needed, there is currently no evidence of an increase in adverse reactions when this vaccine or other measles vaccines are administered to children with clinical or asymptomatic HIV infection. The vaccine should not be prescribed for other immunodeficiency conditions with impaired cellular immunity.

The vaccine should only be administered subcutaneously. The vaccinated person must be under medical supervision for at least 30 minutes after immunization. Vaccination sites must be equipped with anti-shock therapy. To relieve anaphylactic reactions that may occur in children with allergic reactions to the administration of not only measles vaccine, but also other vaccines, you should have a 1:1000 solution ready. An adrenaline injection should be given at the first suspicion of the onset of a shock reaction.

Pregnancy and lactation

Contraindicated for use during pregnancy.

For impaired renal function

Contraindicated in severe renal impairment;

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

For medical and preventive and sanitary institutions

Storage conditions and periods

Storage: vaccines - at a temperature of 2°C to 8°C in a place protected from light, inaccessible to children; solvent - at temperatures from 5°C to 30°C. Do not freeze.

Transportation of vaccine and diluent: at a temperature of 2°C to 8°C.

The shelf life of the vaccine is 2 years, the solvent is 5 years.

Latest update of the description by the manufacturer 31.07.2003

Filterable list

Active substance:

ATX

Pharmacological group

Composition and release form

1 dose of lyophilized powder for preparing a solution for subcutaneous administration contains measles virus not less than 1000 TCD 50 and gentamicin sulfate not more than 20 mcg; in ampoules of 1, 2 and 5 doses, in a cardboard pack of 10 ampoules.

Characteristic

A homogeneous porous mass of yellow-pink or pink color, hygroscopic.

pharmachologic effect

pharmachologic effect- immunostimulating.

Ensures the production of measles antibodies.

Indications for the drug Live measles vaccine

Planned and emergency prevention of measles.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity (including to aminoglycosides, quail egg white), severe reaction or complications to the previous dose, primary immunodeficiency conditions, malignant blood diseases, neoplasms, pregnancy.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Contraindicated during pregnancy.

Directions for use and doses

S.C., immediately before use, mix the vaccine with the solvent (0.5 ml of solvent per 1 vaccination dose of the vaccine), inject 0.5 ml under the shoulder blade or into the shoulder area (at the border between the lower and middle third of the shoulder, on the outside). Routine vaccinations are carried out twice at the ages of 12-15 months and 6 years for children who have not had measles.

Children born from mothers seronegative for the measles virus are vaccinated at the age of 8 months and beyond - in accordance with the vaccination calendar. The interval between vaccination and re-vaccination should be at least 6 months.

Precautionary measures

Vaccination cannot be carried out against the background of febrile conditions, mild forms of ARVI or acute intestinal diseases, acute manifestations of infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbations of chronic diseases; within 3-6 months after immunosuppressive therapy. After the administration of human immunoglobulin preparations, vaccinations against measles are carried out no earlier than 2 months later.

Vaccination against measles is the best preventive measure that can protect against a serious infectious disease.

Many unvaccinated adults also suffer from childhood illness. You can become infected through airborne droplets through contact with a carrier of the disease or someone who is sick. Sometimes a person may not yet know that they have measles because the incubation period takes about 2 weeks.

The onset of the disease can easily be confused with ARVI or influenza. Catarrhal phenomena occur, the temperature rises high, and conjunctivitis may begin. Then there is swelling of the face, spots on the mucous membrane in the mouth, and by the third day a rash usually appears.

The appearance of spots in the mouth is a hallmark of measles (Filatov-Koplik spots on the inside of the cheeks and enanthema on the pharyngeal mucosa). Skin rash is characterized by sequential appearance and disappearance in different parts of the body. First, the rashes are localized on the head, face, neck, then descend to the torso. Within 3 days they disappear in the same sequence as they appeared.

Treatment is symptomatic. Antiviral therapy has not been developed.

The danger of measles for adults

In adulthood, measles is very severe. The disease sharply reduces the patient's immunity, causing complications in the form of pneumonia, hepatitis, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis and meningoencephalitis, keratitis, eustachitis.

All complications can lead to unpredictable consequences, but the most dangerous are meningoencephalitis, which affects the nervous system, and encephalitis, which is fatal in a quarter of all cases of its occurrence.

Vaccination is the only way to protect yourself from measles and not become infected with it either in childhood or in adulthood.

When and where to get vaccinated against measles

Adults are vaccinated against measles according to the schedule approved in a particular country. Up to the age of 35, every person is entitled to free vaccination, provided that he has not been sick and has never been vaccinated against measles. Also, regardless of age, free measles vaccination is available to those who have had contact with infected people, but have not previously been sick and have not been vaccinated.

If a person received only 1 vaccination as a child, he is vaccinated in the same way as an adult who has never been vaccinated against this disease - twice with a three-month interval between administrations. The immunity obtained in this way is resistant to the virus for 12 years.

The measles vaccine is administered to adults under the skin or intramuscularly in the upper third of the shoulder. Due to the abundant fat layer, vaccination is not given in the buttock, as well as in any other areas of the body prone to the formation of compactions.

If you want to travel around the world, doctors recommend that you learn about the epidemiological situation in a particular country. Over the past 5 years, the measles epidemic has alternately flared up in Germany, Turkey, Singapore, Thailand, and Italy. Before visiting other countries, you can urgently get vaccinated at least a month before the expected departure date.

Measles vaccination rules

If vaccination is carried out according to all the rules, then the first vaccination should be given to a child aged one to one and a half years, but in countries with an increased threshold for morbidity, children can begin to be vaccinated from 6 months.

The second dose of vaccination is administered to consolidate the result of the first, to develop additional immunity when it is not sufficiently formed and in the case when the first vaccination was missed for some reason.

The timing of measles vaccinations coincides with the same timing for rubella and mumps. That is why sometimes these vaccinations are carried out comprehensively, protecting children with one injection from three serious infections at once.

Effect of the vaccine

The measles vaccine creates immunity against this disease for 20 years. However, at the age of six, the need for revaccination arises, since some children turned out to be insensitive to the virus introduced at the age of one, some have weakened immunity against measles, therefore, for more reliable protection, children are vaccinated twice.

During the third vaccination, which usually occurs in adolescence at the age of 15-17, people most often receive a multicomponent vaccination, since on the eve of childbearing age, girls and boys need protection against rubella and mumps, and the anti-measles component simply enhances the already formed protection.

Types of measles vaccines

In Russia today several types of measles vaccines are used. All of them are divided into mono-vaccines, aimed at combating only measles, and combi-vaccines, which help protect the body from other severe viruses at the same time.

Mono-vaccines registered and used in Russia include:

1. Russian dry measles vaccine.
2. French vaccine Ruvax (Aventis Pasteur).

Among combivaccines (multicomponent) there are:

1. Russian mumps-measles vaccine.
2. Three-component American vaccine MMP II.
3. Three-component Belgian vaccine Priorix.

Multicomponent vaccines that simultaneously protect against measles, mumps and rubella can only be purchased independently at vaccination centers or pharmacies. Russian anti-measles mono-vaccines are available in regular clinics.

It is important to remember that single-component vaccines are administered exclusively to the shoulder or shoulder blade area, while imported multicomponent drugs can also be administered intramuscularly, according to the instructions.

Anyone can choose their own vaccines for themselves or their child. However, most often, to administer multicomponent vaccines that are not prescribed for administration by the Ministry of Health, you will have to purchase them yourself.

Single vaccines (measles component only)

LCV (live measles vaccine)

The domestically produced live measles monovaccine is an effective means of protection against measles already on the 28th day after injection. Over the next 18 years, a person can be confident about his immunity against this infection.

Among the main contraindications for such a monovaccine, doctors name exacerbation of chronic diseases, acute viral and bacterial infections, cancer, HIV, and allergic reactions to the components of the injection drug. Also, LCV should not be used together with immunoglobulin and serums.

Ruvax (Aventis Pasteur, France)

The French-made monovaccine Ruvax helps prevent measles infection 2 weeks after vaccination. The effect of vaccination lasts for 20 years. Doctors recommend Ruvax when vaccinating infants, in high epidemiological conditions, or in other cases of vaccination under the age of 1 year. Contraindications for the Ruvax vaccination are the same as for GIB, plus Ruvax cannot be used by those undergoing radiation, corticosteroid therapy, or using cytostatics.

Combination vaccines

MMR II (measles, rubella, mumps)

The American vaccine against three serious infections, MMP-II, has proven itself very well in modern immunological practice. It can be administered simultaneously with DPT, DPT, polio or chickenpox vaccinations, provided that each injection is given to a different area of ​​the body.

Among the main contraindications for MMP-II injection, doctors identify pregnancy, HIV, exacerbation of various chronic diseases, allergy to neomycin, etc.

Priorix (measles, rubella, mumps)

The second popular triple threat vaccine is Priorix, produced by the same pharmaceutical company that makes the famous DTP, Infanrix. The degree of purification of this company's vaccines is very high, due to which the reaction to vaccination is less pronounced.

Contraindications for the administration of Priorix are exactly the same as for MMP-II, plus this vaccine cannot be administered for neomycin contact dermatitis and acute phases of stomach diseases.

Mumps-measles vaccine (Russia)

The two-component Russian mumps-measles vaccine is administered to people, according to the state-approved vaccination schedule, at 1 and 6 years of age, and then during revaccinations of adults.

Doctors include the following main contraindications for the use of such a two-component vaccine:

• periods of pregnancy and lactation;
• anaphylactic shock, allergies;
• oncology;
• severe reactions and complications from previous use of this vaccine;
• various diseases in the acute stage.

Measles-rubella vaccine

The Russian two-component measles and rubella vaccine is completely similar to the mumps-measles vaccine. It is important to remember that when using two-component vaccines, it is also necessary to purchase a single vaccine with the missing component of protection for full immunity against common viral infections.

General rules for parents

On the eve of any proposed vaccination, the child must be protected from third-party contacts in order to avoid contracting any infections. In addition, it is not advisable to overcool the child, expose him to sunlight, overheat or acclimatize him before vaccinations. The immune system reacts very sharply to any stress, which is all of the above impacts, and vaccination is also a stress factor for the immune system. When stress reactions are combined, antibody formation may malfunction and the development of the desired immunity may be disrupted.

Vaccination of children according to the vaccination calendar

In order to avoid all sorts of complications, pathology of the nervous system, as well as other severe consequences of measles, all children must be vaccinated against measles, according to the vaccination calendar in force in the area. At the moment, the minimum age of a child for measles vaccination is 9 months, since until this moment the baby must be protected by maternal antibodies. And the newborn’s immunity is weak enough to survive vaccination and form the necessary antibodies. Even at the age of 9 months, with the introduction of the measles vaccine, immunity occurs in only 90% of children. When such a vaccine is administered at 12 months, immunity is formed in almost all vaccinated people.

Thus, the optimal period for initial vaccination is considered to be human age 1 year. But in regions with a severe epidemiological situation, it is recommended to start vaccinating children earlier, which is where the 9-month figure came from. In this case, re-vaccination begins at 15-18 months.

In countries with a calm epidemiological picture, it is customary to vaccinate children for the first time at 1 year of age, and subsequently revaccinate at 6. This vaccination tactic has eradicated measles outbreaks in many regions.

Vaccination of adults

Adults are subject to measles vaccination with the planned introduction of a multicomponent measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, in case of emergency, before traveling to countries where the epidemic situation is unstable, or in contact with sick people, if the vaccine has not been previously given. In this situation, it is possible to get vaccinated within three days after dangerous contact. But before traveling to another country, vaccination must be done in advance - at least 1 month before departure.

Measles vaccination and pregnancy

During pregnancy, measles infection is very dangerous; it can lead to miscarriage and all kinds of fetal defects. Because the measles vaccine contains live viruses, it is contraindicated during pregnancy. A woman needs to take care of her own safety before planning a pregnancy and undergo the necessary vaccinations.

Allergy to measles vaccine

Most modern vaccines are prepared in . If an allergy to egg white occurs at different periods of a child’s life, expressed in the form of angioedema, urticaria, anaphylactic shock, the child should not be given the measles vaccine.

To find out whether there is a risk of such an allergic reaction, you must:

• soak a clean finger in raw egg white;
• Apply this finger to the inner surface of the baby’s lip;
• If the lip is slightly swollen over the next 5 minutes, it is worth concluding that vaccination with standard vaccines is impossible.

If the possibility of an allergy is identified, it is necessary for the doctor to select a replacement for the standard vaccine and vaccinate with another means.

Contraindications for vaccination

Among the contraindications for vaccination in adults are acute respiratory viral infections or chronic diseases that have worsened at the time of the proposed vaccination. With these symptoms, doctors postpone vaccination for an average of a month.

Adults also have absolute contraindications for vaccination, among which doctors cite allergies to bird eggs, allergic reactions to antibiotics, previous vaccinations, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

In children, contraindications for injections against viral infections are:

• any disease in the acute stage;
• primary immunodeficiency;
• AIDS;
• use of blood products and immunoglobulin the day before;
• complications associated with previous vaccination;
• aminoglycoside intolerance;
• oncology.

Possible reactions to vaccination

In its normal course, the measles vaccine causes in adults:

• slight redness of the injection site;
• temperature up to 37.5 degrees;
• catarrhal phenomena;
• joint pain.

But it is also possible that very dangerous adverse reactions may occur - allergic shock, urticaria, Quincke's edema. Also, in particularly rare and severe cases, adults may develop encephalitis, pneumonia, meningitis, and myocarditis. To avoid such consequences, vaccination should be carried out while being completely healthy, and on the eve of the event, you need to consult an immunologist and use antihistamines.

Reaction to vaccination in children

Among the common childhood reactions to measles vaccination, doctors call:

• swelling and redness of the injection site;
• some catarrhal phenomena;
• the appearance of a skin rash;
• poor appetite;
• fever during the first 6 days after vaccination.

In this case, all of the above symptoms can manifest themselves to varying degrees. The temperature may rise slightly, or may reach 39-40 degrees, other symptoms may or may not be present, but they should all gradually disappear 16 days after vaccination.

Adverse reactions after vaccination

Complications expressed by various symptoms and side effects from measles vaccines are not common. Sometimes the temperature may increase as a side effect, and sometimes conjunctivitis or rashes may occur. All symptoms are typical for the period 5-18 days after administration of the drug. This course of the post-vaccination period is considered natural.

Doctors include complications from vaccination:

• all kinds of allergic reactions that can be prevented by taking antihistamines before and after vaccination;
• febrile convulsions in children due to very high fever, which can also be anticipated by taking paracetamol when the temperature begins to rise;
• In one case in a million, severe damage to the nervous system occurs.

It is important to understand that all complications that develop as a result of vaccination are much weaker than those that can arise from real measles.

Is it possible to get sick after vaccination?

Basically, although the vaccine contains live viruses, they are so weakened that they are not capable of causing a full-blown disease. Often, vaccination can cause some kind of measles in a very weak form; such reactions occur easily and go away on their own, a maximum of 18 days after the injection. A person in this state is not contagious to others.

However, sometimes a vaccine does not cause the formation of immunity against the disease, and a person can become fully ill with measles while being vaccinated. This phenomenon in medicine is called failure of vaccination immunity and can be observed in a small percentage of all people.

Which vaccine is better

Despite the completely different composition of domestic and imported vaccines, they all demonstrate high effectiveness in combating measles. There are 2 significant differences between these vaccinations. Firstly, domestic vaccines are prepared on the basis, and foreign analogues are made on the basis of chicken eggs. If you are allergic to any of these components, you should choose a different vaccine.

Secondly, imported vaccines have a multicomponent composition and protect against three infectious diseases at once - measles, mumps and rubella, which is very convenient in terms of vaccination. When choosing domestic vaccines, vaccinations will need to be done 2-3 times in each period of life. But at a local clinic you can only get a domestic vaccine for free, so you need to approach vaccination consciously, weighing the pros and cons.

How many measles vaccinations are needed?

The number of measles vaccinations over a lifetime is determined by the age at which a person first received the vaccine. When vaccination begins at 9 months, a person will be forced to undergo 4-5 injections of the vaccine in life: at 9 months, at 15 months, at 6 years, at 16 years and at 30. With the initial vaccination at one year, the number of subsequent injections is reduced by 1.

If there is no vaccination at the age of one, you should try to get the first vaccination as early as possible - at 2-4 years, and the next one should be done according to plan at the age of six on the eve of school. During the primary vaccination of a person over 6 years of age, he is administered a double dose of the drug with an interval of 1-6 months.

How long does immunization against measles last?

The minimum duration of post-vaccination immunity against measles is 12 years. If a person has been vaccinated correctly twice, then his protection can last up to 25 years, but this is difficult to verify.

The main goal of immunization is to protect preschool children, in whom measles is especially severe. In adulthood, subsequent vaccinations can be done every 10-15 years.

Sometimes even vaccinated people get measles. However, in this case, the risk of complications is negligible and the disease progresses easily and quickly.

Emergency conditions.