Basalioma stage 1 3 clinical group. Basalioma: forms, prognosis, treatment methods. Treatment methods. Removal of basal cell carcinoma

Content

Basal cell carcinoma is considered one of the dangerous malignant diseases of the skin, which in terms of prevalence prevails in third place after stomach and lung cancer. This pathogenic tumor of epithelial nature is distinguished by its non-aggressive properties and slowly progresses in the body without signs of metastasis. Skin basal cell carcinoma must be diagnosed promptly, since without effective therapy it penetrates into all layers of the skin and is difficult to successfully treat conservatively.

What is basalioma

This cancer disease corresponds to ICD-10 code C44.3. At first, the pathological process is asymptomatic, so diagnosis at an early stage is significantly complicated. Basalioma is a slow-growing basal cell carcinoma without metastases that matures in the epidermis or hair follicles; characterized by a cell structure similar to the basic elements of the epidermis. The danger is that a malignant neoplasm over time disrupts the function of muscle tissue, damages innervation and even the integrity of bones.

What does it look like

The main sign of a characteristic disease is skin defects in the area where the pathology is located. More often these are pink protrusions of different sizes, which gradually grow and become denser, and can even reach bone structures. The appearance of basal cell carcinoma is determined by the shape and type of the pathological process. Alternatively, the following specific features occur:

Nodular-ulcerative basalioma is represented by focal compactions of the upper layer of the epidermis, which externally resemble nodules and may predominate in the plural.
The large nodular form of the disease is characterized by a single protrusion above the skin. On the surface of such a pathogenic node, “spider veins” are clearly visible.
The scar-atrophic form starts with a compaction, in place of which a fresh ulcer appears over time with a potential risk of secondary infection.

Causes

The disease is not aggressive, but in the absence of timely treatment measures it gradually progresses. To stop a pathological process, the first step is to establish and eliminate its cause. It is problematic to reliably determine the etiology of the pathology, but competent specialists identify a number of provoking factors that significantly increase the risk of morbidity. Among them:

ionizing radiation;
exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
long-term viral infections;
exposure to toxic and carcinogenic substances on the epidermis;
mechanical and thermal damage to the skin;
hereditary factor;
age-related changes in the structure of the epidermis (old age);
immunodeficiency states of the body;
scar tissue changes.

It is also important to note that the risk group includes people who regularly visit a solarium or remain under prolonged exposure to sunlight to obtain a bronze tan. For such categories of citizens, the risk of developing skin cancer is especially high. Adults are more likely to get sick; this disease is not typical for young children. With increased activity of provoking factors, basal cell carcinoma is diagnosed at stages 2–4.

Forms

If a benign skin tumor is suspected, the patient first consults a dermatologist. Having learned about a malignant disease, he must undergo detailed diagnostics to reliably determine the form and type of basal cell carcinoma. The classification of the characteristic disease is presented below:

Solid basal cell carcinoma (nodular, large nodular). The most common diagnosis is characterized by the presence of basaloid cells on the surface of the dermis with unclear boundaries, resembling a syncytium. The focus of the pathology is similar to melanoma, differing in the vascular network in the center of the visual tumor on the skin.
Nodular-ulcerative. It is characterized by a large nodule-shaped lump, which at an early stage is not painful. Later, purulent contents appear in the center with the formation of necrotic crusts. The risk to the patient's life increases.
Perforating. The foci of pathology are those skin areas that are more often injured than others, for example, limbs, interdigital space, visible skin areas. The tumor grows rapidly and causes neighboring tissues to die.
Warty (papillary, exophytic). Externally, basalioma resembles a wart, differs from the surface of the skin by the characteristic protrusion and hyperemia of the pathological focus, and does not cause destruction of the underlying tissues. The pathogenic growth has the shape of a “cauliflower”, a mobile structure.
Pigmented. The pathogenic growth differs in color from the general tone of the upper layer of the epidermis (contains melanin in a high concentration). Over time, the structure of the tissue changes, and the visible affected areas increase in size.
Sclerodermiformis. The pathogenic growth is initially distinguished by a pale, bluish color, but as it grows it turns into a flat and dense plaque with a clear contour and a swollen surface. It can be localized on the face, neck, and other visible areas of the skin.
Scar-atrophic. In the central part of the tumor, destruction predominates with the formation of an ulcer. The edges are ulcerated, and a visible scar is concentrated in the center of the basal cell carcinoma. There is hyperemia of the skin and involvement of soft tissues in the pathological process.
Flat superficial basalioma (pagetoid epithelioma). There are several neoplasms, but they all have a diameter of up to 4 cm. Basalioma grows upward, but not inward (changes along the layers of the skin are not observed).
Spiegler's tumor (“turban” tumor, cylindroma). Telangiectasias of pink-violet nodes with a diameter of 1–10 cm are concentrated on the surface of the dermis, which must be immediately excised.

Stages

Basal cell carcinoma on the face, neck or other part of the body predominates in one of four stages, where each subsequent stage only aggravates the disease and delays the healing process, even with the participation of medicinal and surgical methods. Doctors highlight:

The first stage. Basalioma has the appearance of a classic “pimple” and does not cause any inconvenience, only an aesthetic defect.
Second stage. The tumor reaches 5 cm, overcomes several layers of skin, does not affect the subcutaneous tissue.
Third stage. The subcutaneous fatty tissue is destroyed, and the neoplasm itself reaches more than 5 cm in diameter.
Fourth stage. The pathological process involves not only subcutaneous tissue, but also cartilage and bones.

Complications

A typical tumor has a benign course in the body because it does not metastasize. But the lack of timely treatment only complicates the clinical picture, since the pathological process involves not only once healthy soft tissue, but also cartilage, bone structures, and the lining of the brain. A person without surgery may even die. The most common complications are presented in the following list:

damage to the nasal mucosa;
spread of the pathological process to the oral cavity;
damage to the bones of the skull;
location of the tumor in the orbit of the eyes;
progressive blindness and hearing loss.

Diagnostics

At the initial stage, such an anomaly is painless and is accompanied by an exclusively visible cosmetic defect. Therefore, the patient does not contact the attending physician in a timely manner, and the diagnosis is noticeably delayed indefinitely. If symptoms are visible, a series of clinical examinations and laboratory tests should be immediately carried out to clarify the final diagnosis. Differential diagnosis is as follows:

cytological examination (a smear or scraping is taken from the surface of the neoplasia);
histological examination (a fragment of the pathological focus is used to establish the type of neoplasia);
Ultrasound, CT, radiography (to identify the depth and extent of basal cell carcinoma).

Differential diagnosis is very important, since basal cell carcinoma in appearance resembles many skin diseases that are prone to recurrence. Alternatively, a flat superficial tumor is important to distinguish from lupus erythematosus, seborrheic keratosis, lichen planus, and Bowen's disease. The sclerodermiform form resembles eczema, psoriasis and scleroderma.

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma

A malignant disease is rarely congenital; more often it has a form acquired with age. Effective and timely treatment should be characterized by an integrated approach, which includes drug therapy, surgery and a long rehabilitation period. Self-medication of a suspicious mole is strictly contraindicated. Here are valuable recommendations from experts:

It is better not to use folk remedies in an advanced clinical picture; at the initial stage, it is advisable to use them in combination with the methods of official medicine.
The choice of surgical intervention depends on the location of the pathology, so that it is easier for the surgeon to get to it.
During the entire treatment phase, it is important to avoid visiting a solarium and exposure to direct sunlight.
When ulcers appear, it is necessary to use medicinal methods of treatment to exclude the addition of a secondary infection.
With adequately selected therapy, the clinical outcome is favorable, positive dynamics prevail in 90% of all clinical pictures.

Treatment with ointment

Conservative therapy is the main method of removing basal cell carcinoma at the initial stage. Doctors recommend the use of ointments externally under occlusive dressings; the course of treatment varies between 2 - 3 weeks without interruption. The following pharmacological positions have proven themselves well:

Metvix. A photosensitizing drug with the active component methyl aminolevulinate, which should be used externally. It is necessary to carry out 2 procedures with a week break between them. Among the advantages are high efficiency with good tolerance, short-term use. Disadvantages – contraindications, side effects.
Curaderm. It is a glycoalkoloid with the active component solasodin glycoside, which has anticancer effects. The cream must be applied to the site of pathology and healthy tissue by 1 cm. A bandage should be applied on top, and treatment in this way will take up to 3 to 4 weeks. Advantages - sustainable therapeutic effect, affordable price. Disadvantages - side effects, risk of overdose.
Solcoseryl. This is a natural drug with the active component hemodialysate from calves up to 3 months. The medicinal composition is not recommended to be applied to weeping ulcers, but otherwise it is necessary to rub the gel into the foci of pathology three times a day for 3 to 4 weeks. Among the shortcomings, doctors highlight a selective, weak therapeutic effect in certain clinical pictures.

Cryodestruction

The procedure can act as the main surgical treatment, is progressive and has a minimum of medical contraindications. Cryodestruction is carried out using liquid nitrogen, is quick and painless, and does not exclude the possibility of repeated relapses. At the initial stage of the disease, it is carried out by close-focus X-ray therapy of the pathological focus, often combined with remote gamma therapy. In advanced clinical situations, it is combined with radical surgery. The main advantages of cryodestruction:

sustainable cosmetic effect;
carrying out the procedure under local anesthesia;
short rehabilitation period;
Possibility of carrying out during pregnancy, in old age;
gentle surgical method.

Among the main disadvantages of cryodestruction, it is necessary to highlight the selective therapeutic effect and the risk of repeated relapses after excision of basal cell carcinoma. This procedure is not carried out free of charge, and its final cost is not available to all patients. It is necessary to consult individually with a specialist.

Photodynamic therapy

The essence of this surgical method of treating basal cell carcinoma is the removal of cancer cells with photosensitizers under the influence of a targeted stream of light. Photodynamic therapy is carried out in several successive stages, here is their summary for the hospital:

The medical drug Photoditazine is injected into a vein to accumulate the active component in the blood (photosensitization stage).
Basalioma is examined under ultraviolet light to clearly determine its boundaries (fluorescence effect).
Then the neoplasm is illuminated with a red laser with a wavelength of maximum absorption of the photosensitizer (photoexposure stage).
This is how the affected cells are excised, and a rehabilitation period is required to restore soft tissue.
Additionally, drug therapy with local drugs is prescribed, which promotes the appearance of crusts and healing of the affected dermis.

Cancer cells exposed to irradiation are productively restored, returning to their usual functions and integrity. Other advantages of such minimally invasive treatment are a short rehabilitation period, a minimum of side effects and contraindications. The disadvantage is the high cost of the procedure, the possibility of repeated relapse and an acute attack of pain.

Removal

If the malignant tumor is located in places accessible to surgeons, it undergoes productive excision under local anesthesia or general anesthesia. The operation is the most common, provides stable positive dynamics for a long period of time, but is characterized by long-term rehabilitation. In case of sclerodermiform basalioma or repeated exacerbations, it is necessary to perform an operation with the direct participation of a surgical microscope.

In case of excessive contraindications, basal cell carcinoma is removed using minimally invasive techniques, which do not always guarantee a complete recovery of the patient. If the tumor begins to come into contact with internal organs or systems, the operation is also dangerous to health. Therefore, if you suspect cancer, you should not hesitate to diagnose and begin an intensive course of treatment. Additionally, radiation therapy may be required to destroy cancer cells that were not completely excised during surgery.

Folk remedies

Basalioma on the nose or in the nasolabial space can disfigure the face, and surgery is not always appropriate. Some areas are difficult to access, and the surgical instrument is not able to reach them without risking the health and life of the patient. Therefore, at the initial stage of the disease, surgeons choose alternative medicine methods in the absence of medical contraindications. These folk recipes are especially effective in a full course lasting several weeks:

Decoction of celandine leaves. You need 1 tsp. dried raw materials pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, leave and strain. Take a third of a glass in concentrated form three times a day. It is recommended to prepare a fresh portion of the medicine every day. As an alternative, it is recommended to rub the pathological lesions with concentrated celandine juice several times a day and not rinse off until completely dry. The course of treatment is several weeks; it is important to additionally consult with a specialist.
Healing ointment. The main ingredients are burdock leaves, celandine, pork fat. To prepare the medicine, you need to mix pre-dried and crushed medicinal plants in a glass container, then combine them with melted pork fat and simmer in the oven for a couple of hours. Cool the homogeneous composition, then store it in the refrigerator, and use it externally - lubricate visible foci of pathology for 3 to 4 weeks. Additionally, use official methods recommended by your doctor.
Anticancer ointment. The first step is to grind 100 g of dried burdock root, then boil and cool, squeeze out the liquid. Combine the prepared pulp with 100 ml of vegetable oil and keep on fire for 1.5 hours. Can be used as lotions, compresses or gently rubbed into visible affected areas. A course of intensive therapy - several weeks in combination with the methods of official medicine.
Golden mustache juice. A fresh medicinal plant, or rather its leaves, needs to be washed and minced, then crushed through several layers of gauze. You need to moisten a swab with the finished concentrate and apply it to the affected surface for a day. Positive dynamics are observed almost immediately – after the first procedure. The course of intensive therapy is determined purely individually.
Medicinal collection. Combine 20 g of birch buds, spotted hemlock, meadow clover, celandine, and burdock root. After 3 tbsp. l. pour 150 ml of vegetable oil, in which the onions were previously fried. The finished composition must be infused in a warm place for 24 hours, used as compresses and lotions to lubricate tumors. The course of treatment is 3 - 4 weeks, first you need to make sure that there is no allergic reaction to the plant components.

Prognosis of basal cell skin cancer

Treatment with a timely response has a completely favorable clinical outcome - it is possible to promptly stop the mutation of cells and the acquisition of a cancerous form by them. If left untreated, the tumor will continue to destroy the soft tissues of the skin and ulcerate, succumb to harmful factors, and increase in size; at the same time, it looks like an inflamed mole or burn. In advanced clinical pictures (at a late stage of the disease), acute pain syndrome and open wounds cannot be excluded. In general, after timely examination and diagnosis, the disease is successfully treated.

Photo of skin basalioma

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Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Basalioma(squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell epithelioma) is a type of skin cancer. The tumor develops in the basal layer of epithelial tissue from atypical cells of the epidermis and follicular epithelium and does not metastasize. The neoplasm looks like a nodule and is capable of destroying bone and cartilage tissue.

According to the World Health Organization classification, cutaneous basal cell carcinoma is an oncological disease with slow progress and rare cases of metastasis to related organs and tissues. Only the upper and middle layers of the epidermis are affected.

Basalioma is a common malignant epithelial neoplasm of the skin. Basalioma appears more often in people over 50 years of age. Women suffer from basal cell carcinoma more often than men.

Symptoms of basal cell carcinoma

Symptoms of skin basal cell carcinoma appear immediately after the tumor begins to grow.

Common places for basal cell carcinoma to appear: face and neck. Small, light pink or flesh-colored nodules look like pimples, are painless and grow slowly. Over time, a light gray crust forms in the middle of such an inconspicuous sore. Basalioma is surrounded by a dense formation in the form of a roller with a granular structure.

If the disease is not diagnosed at the initial stage, the process worsens in the future. The appearance of new nodules and subsequent fusion leads to pathological expansion of blood vessels and the appearance of “spider veins” on the surface of the skin.

Often, scars form at the site of ulcers that form in the central part of the tumor. As basal cell carcinoma grows, it invades nearby tissues, including bone and cartilage tissue, which results in pain.

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma

The choice of the final method of treatment for basal cell carcinoma is chosen by the doctor, who takes into account the location of the formation, the severity of the process and the age of the patient.

Which doctors should I contact for basal cell carcinoma?

Immunotherapy

To treat basal cell carcinoma of the face, the method of immunotherapy is used, which involves the use of a special ointment - imiquod. The drug stimulates the patient’s body to produce interferon, which helps in the fight against atypical cells. As a rule, nasal basal cell carcinoma is treated with cream, since this method of therapy does not leave scars. Imicvod is often used before starting chemotherapy.

Drug treatment

In the initial stages and in superficial forms, if there are contraindications or it is impossible to use radiation treatment, they resort to drug therapy. For this, omain ointment is used in the form of daily applications. Antitumor antibiotics are also prescribed - bleomycin, which are administered intravenously at 15 mg 2-3 times a week. Total dose 300-400 mg.

Photodynamic treatment

Treatment consists of introducing special substances (photosensitizers) under the skin that highlight clear boundaries of the tumor, which is then irradiated with light waves. For facial basal cell carcinoma, the photodynamic method is a priority treatment option, since it does not lead to cosmetic defects.

Cryogenic destruction

Destroying the tumor by freezing. This method of treatment in some cases surpasses the results of treatment by other methods. Using special equipment (cryoprobes), the tumor is frozen using liquid nitrogen. Advantages of cryotherapy:

painless intervention;
bloodlessness of manipulation;
minimal number of complications;
ease of implementation;
treatment on an outpatient basis without anesthesia.

Wound healing after cryodestruction is characterized by the absence of cosmetic defects, which eliminates the need for additional plastic surgery. This is important when the tumor is located on the face.

Radiation therapy

The method is used if the patient’s condition or the location of the basal cell carcinoma does not allow surgical removal. Radiation therapy is done using short-focus gamma radiation. The results of radiation therapy are aesthetically better than with surgical removal of basal cell carcinoma. The only drawback of the method is the duration of treatment (on average 20-25 sessions).

Surgical removal of basal cell carcinoma

The surgery is performed on an outpatient basis, under local anesthesia.

The tumor is excised widely - to be on the safe side, doctors take another five millimeters around the basal cell carcinoma to minimize the risk of relapse after recovery. Since this method of solving a problem on the face is difficult due to a cosmetic defect after surgery, doctors use other methods in open areas, and perform operations only on the body.

In rare cases, when the tumor poses a threat and there are no other methods for removing the tumor, a plastic surgeon works with the patient after the operation. To minimize the consequences of surgery, doctors use the Mohs micrographic method.

Using a microscope, it is possible to remove the cancerous tumor layer by layer. This operation is also performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. After Mohs surgery, chemotherapy sessions with fluorouracil are used to achieve the best results.

In some cases, in addition to surgical or destructive methods of treatment, cytostatic drugs (prospidin and bleomycin) are prescribed. Folk remedies are used to boost immunity.

Folk remedies for treating basal cell carcinoma

Traditional methods can slow down the growth of skin tumors, but do not cure the tumor. Alternative medicine is exclusively an addition to the conservative or surgical method of tumor removal. If the size of the basal cell carcinoma increases, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Camphor tincture compress

To prepare a compress, buy 10 g of camphor crystals at the pharmacy and dilute with 500 g of alcohol (50%) or vodka. Let sit until the powder dissolves, shaking the container every day. Then apply compresses. The course of treatment is 10 days, after which take a five-day break and repeat again. As a rule, basal cell carcinoma decreases in size.

Celandine

The surface of the skin is treated with celandine juice. Often this method of treatment is used when basal cell carcinoma is diagnosed. An infusion of celandine is also used. To prepare 1 tsp. chopped leaves, pour 200 g of boiling water and allow the liquid to cool. Then it is filtered and the product is ready for use. The healing properties are lost within a day, so the product is prepared only based on the daily consumption rate - a third of a glass 3 times a day.

Carrot

For treatment and prevention, grated carrots used as a compress are suitable. Along with the applications, drink a glass of freshly squeezed carrot juice a day.

Tobacco tincture

It is known that basal cell carcinoma has long been treated with tobacco tincture. To do this, tobacco from a pack of cigarettes is poured with 200 g of vodka and left in the refrigerator for exactly 2 weeks. This solution needs to be shaken every day, and then filtered. Cotton wool is moistened with tobacco tincture and fixed to the tumor with a plaster. The course of therapy is 10 days. As a result, even the scar disappears.

Causes of basal cell carcinoma

Physical impact on the skin is the main reason for the development of the disease.

Factors influencing the development of basal cell carcinoma:

excessive time in the sun;
exposure to coal tar, benzene, toluene, arsenic;
frequent skin diseases due to decreased immunity;
exposure to ionizing radiation;
frequent burns;
bright skin;
hereditary predisposition.

Diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma

Visual diagnostic methods

The clinical manifestations of basal cell carcinoma are characteristic, and typical cases of basal cell carcinoma do not present great diagnostic difficulties. As a rule, on the surface of the element there are single or multiple pockets of microerosions, covered with easily detachable crusts.

Laboratory diagnostic methods

Cytological examination of a scarified smear from eroded areas.

Differential diagnosis

Basalioma is differentiated from the following diseases:

keratoacanthoma;
spinocellular epithelioma;
chancriform pyoderma;
chancre;
senile keratosis;
tuberculous lupus.

Classification of basalioma

The following types of basal cell carcinoma are distinguished:

Stages of basal cell carcinoma

Classification of basal cell carcinoma by stages of development:

Stage 1: formation measuring 2 cm or less.
Stage 2: tumor size exceeds 2 cm.
Stage 3: the formation is already affecting the soft tissues.
Stage 4: The tumor spreads to the cartilage and bones.

Basalioma prognosis

In the first stage of basal cell carcinoma, surgical treatment leads to 100% recovery. In the second stage of the disease, complete recovery is observed in 95-97% of cases. This favorable prognosis is due to the slow growth of tumors and the absence of metastases.

Prevention of basal cell carcinoma

Questions and answers on the topic "Basal cell carcinoma"

Question:Hello! Can basal cell carcinoma appear again on the face six months after removal on the face, but in a different place? The operation was surgical. Thank you.

Answer: Yes it is possible.

Question:They cut out a basal cell carcinoma on the wing of the nose, the suture is healing, but similar pimples appeared on the beard. Could this be a continuation of basal cell carcinoma?

Answer: This is possible, a diagnostic examination is necessary.

Question:Hello, my mother has basal cell carcinoma. We carried out laser treatment for 10 days. Now she is at home. The recommendation is to apply panthenol ointment and the like after 2 months. He applies ointment from this place, liquid flows out, it still hurts and radiates to the neck. I would like to know why this is so? Thank you.

Answer: 1-2 days after the procedure, a crust should form at the treatment site, which will protect the wound. The crust gradually dries out and after a while falls off on its own. The healing process usually takes 14 to 20 days. If inflammation appears in the form of redness of the skin around the wound crust, swelling and soreness of the skin, you should consult your doctor - he will prescribe special antibacterial therapy.

Question:Could basalioma of the skin of the face, which is located below the eye, be the cause of tearing of the eye?

Answer: Hello. No, he can not. But improper treatment of basal cell carcinoma under the eye can.

Question:Is basal cell carcinoma clearly oncological or, as the radiologist said, will it resolve on its own?

Answer: Hello. According to the World Health Organization classification, cutaneous basal cell carcinoma is classified as a cancer with slow progression. Mild skin damage may disappear over time, but severe basal cell carcinoma cannot be treated without treatment.

Question:After cystoscopy, a 3 mm basal cell carcinoma was found located on the forehead. The doctor offered me a choice of either surgical removal or radiation exposure, and said that after surgery there would be a small fold. But I think that radiation is better, less traumatic, but how dangerous is it for health? Thanks in advance for your answer.

Answer: Hello. Once the redness disappears, most patients rate the cosmetic outcome of radiation therapy as good or excellent. Over the course of a year, irradiated skin typically becomes pale and thinned. Over the course of several years, telangiectasia (vasodilatation), hypopigmentation (pallor) or hyperpigmentation (darkening) of the skin may appear. Radiation scars for basal cell carcinoma become worse in appearance over time, unlike scars after surgical treatment. The likelihood of long-term consequences increases with increasing total radiation dose, dose size per session, and volume of irradiated tissue. After irradiation of basal cell carcinoma for 45 years or more, there remains an increased risk of the formation of new foci of squamous cell and, to a greater extent, basal cell skin cancer. This side effect of radiation therapy is most relevant to younger patients. Long-term consequences of basal cell carcinoma irradiation can also include scarring of the skin and underlying tissues, leading to limited mobility. Active and passive exercises of the irradiated areas help maintain mobility and prevent contractures (stiffness due to scarring). Due to changes in blood vessels, once irradiated skin recovers less well from surgical interventions. Hair loss that begins during irradiation of basal cell carcinoma usually lasts for life. Additional long-term effects also depend on the location of the irradiated area. For example, irradiation of basal cell carcinoma near the eyes can cause ectropion (turning of the eyelid) and cataracts (clouding of the lens), but such consequences are extremely rare.

Question:Hello! A 4mm light spot was found on the shoulder blade. Over the course of 5 months, it increased to 6-7 mm and changed: it became pinkish (reddened by mechanical influences), and a light ridge formed around it. The dermatologist said it was nothing serious, but it would never go away. The oncologist diagnosed it as basal cell carcinoma and suggested excision immediately. Is it possible to make such a diagnosis without any tests? Is it necessary to delete? What is the best way to excise basal cell carcinoma? Laser, freezing, surgery? I work at elevated temperatures, chemical reagents, physical activity.

Answer: Hello. Diagnoses are not made in absentia, just as they are not made “by eye”, based on personal experience. But in your case, excision with mandatory histology (or IHC) is preferable. I would recommend surgery. All of the above working conditions are not suitable for you.

Question:Hello! My dad already 3 years ago developed a growth in the form of a mole on the right side of his nose. After going to the hospital and taking tests, no cancer cells were detected and no treatment was prescribed. But after 2 years it did not go away and we went to the doctors again and after taking tests we were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (the diagnosis was made in oncology). We underwent treatment in the form of 13 irradiations and applied methyluracil ointment, but after them there was no result. It shrunk and faded and that’s it. Doctors no longer provide any help and do not offer any medications. What to do? What treatment can I undergo or what medications and ointments can I use?

Answer: Hello. Radiation therapy is one of the methods of treating skin basal cell carcinoma. Sometimes the effect of radiation therapy does not occur immediately. The effectiveness of treatment is determined by repeated cytological examination.

Basalioma, or basal cell skin cancer, is a skin cancer that spreads in the basal layers of the epidermis and does not have metastases. However, despite this, basal cell carcinoma has a destructive effect on epidermal cells, can go deeper into the skin and involve muscles.

Skin basalioma

In this publication we will try to tell you about the features of basal cell carcinoma, or as it is called differently - basal cell skin cancer. We will discuss its clinical picture, identify symptoms, and also tell you about the features of treatment.

It is worth noting that the name “basal cell carcinoma” does not come from the name of the doctor who discovered it, but from the cells themselves that cause the malignant tumor. The fact is that our skin has many layers of cells, among which there is a basal, main layer of skin.

Basal cancer accounts for 70% of all cancers that appear in the skin, and the tumor itself grows slowly. Fortunately, such cancer rarely leads to death, since there are no metastases, because the disease occurs only in the skin. But, if it is pushed too hard, destruction of the skin, muscles and even bones can occur.

Most often, basalioma is localized on the face. Most often, it has single manifestations, but there is also a type of skin cancer such as multiple basal cell carcinoma.

Also, basal cell skin cancer tends to recur, and even after successful treatment it can appear again. The patient seems to have been cured of cancer, but after some time the tumor may reappear in a new location.

Is basalioma cancer or not?

Many patients ask the question: is skin basal cell carcinoma an oncology? If it does not metastasize, then maybe it is not cancer at all? Oncologists answer this question unequivocally: basal cell carcinoma is cancer, and cancer is malignant.

Yes, this type of tumor does not metastasize to other organs, but this does not make it less significant.

Basalioma tends to affect not only the skin, but also surrounding tissues, as well as the deep layers of subcutaneous fat, muscles and even bones. Basalioma on the face is especially destructive: an advanced tumor can “eat away” half of the face, depriving a person of his eyes, nose, mouth and even jaw. To restore your face after such a devastating impact of cancer, you will have to resort to plastic surgery, but it will not be possible to completely restore the skin and vital organs.

Therefore, the only advice that an oncologist surgeon can give you is: without delay, immediately contact the doctors to remove this tumor. At the early stage of the disease, the prognosis is favorable, and you can get rid of cancer forever.

What does basal cell carcinoma look like?

An oncologist can easily recognize a basal cell carcinoma, but it can be difficult for a patient to determine whether a skin tumor is some kind of cancer or not. Therefore, if you have any suspicions, you must immediately be examined by an oncologist to establish an accurate diagnosis.

As for the disease itself, this tumor has several varieties.

Often, the superficial type of basalioma appears in the form of oval, round spots with various shades of pink. It is worth noting that there can be several foci at once.

Tumor basalioma

In turn, the tumor form has the appearance of a nodular formation of 0.5 centimeters, which protrudes above the surface of the skin, and usually has a smooth surface with clearly visible blood vessels. Sometimes it happens that the appearance of basal cell carcinoma changes to scales with obvious erosion. Sometimes this form of cancer can be confused with squamous cell carcinoma, since it also has a round shape protruding above the surface of the epidermis.

Sometimes this type of oncology looks like an ulcer. This basalioma looks like erosion. Sometimes, ulcers can reach up to 10 centimeters in diameter, or even more, and ridges are visible around the lesion.

The hyperpigmented form of the disease has a variegated tint in the center of the lesion. May have pinkish edges but dark brown or black scabs in the middle.

The last type of basal cell carcinoma known to science differs greatly from other types of cancer by the presence of a whitish “plaque” with foci along the edges.

Causes of basal cell carcinoma

Why does basalioma appear? Unfortunately, no one can answer this question unequivocally, but experts have repeatedly conducted a number of studies to find out the reason why basal cell carcinoma may occur.

There are a number of reasons for this:

Long-term, frequent exposure to solar radiation - ultraviolet radiation, which negatively affects the growth and division of epidermal cells;
Working with benzene, arsenic, coal tar and other substances that damage cell nuclei with prolonged exposure to the skin;
Smoking;
Ionizing radiation;
Genetic predisposition, that is, the likelihood of getting skin cancer, is inherent in a person’s genes;
The presence of oncovirus in the body.

Oncologists are more inclined to believe that an oncovirus is “to blame” for the appearance of basal cell cancer. This is a certain type of papillomavirus that is capable of “degenerating” healthy cells into cancerous ones. However, not all people who are carriers of oncovirus can get skin cancer.

Who is most likely to develop basal cell carcinoma?

As a rule, basal cell carcinoma develops in people over 65 years of age. According to statistics, out of 100,000 elderly people, basal cell cancer affects 21 women and 25 men. Moreover, at present, these statistics are progressing.

Often, people living in rural areas are susceptible to this type of skin cancer, especially in the southern regions, since solar activity is stronger there, and people from villages spend much more time outdoors than city residents.

The disease occurs in both men and women. And most often, the frequency of manifestation depends not on gender, but on skin type. For example, people with light skin tones are more susceptible to basal cell carcinoma.

Symptoms of basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma most often looks like a limited piece of skin, pinkish in color and slightly raised above the main layer of the skin. In some cases, it appears as a small depression that is wet or shiny in the middle. A characteristic sign of cancer is the presence of ridges around the affected area.

Basalioma begins in the form of a small pigmented spot, completely painless. The tumor develops slowly, spreading to the sides over the surface of the epidermis for months and even years.

Often, people simply do not take into account tumors in the early stages, considering them to be ordinary acne or inflammation on the skin. Moreover, by tearing off the skin and crusts, they only aggravate the situation, provoking the development of the disease. At an early stage, basal cell carcinoma is “harmless”. But, if you “start” it, then growth into deep tissues – muscles and bone – is possible. If basal cell carcinoma grows on the face, it can gradually “crawl” into the eyes, corroding the sclera. Basalioma on the nose can grow deeper, gradually destroying the nasal cartilage and penetrating into the skull.

The progression of the disease helps doctors determine an accurate diagnosis. The following symptoms of basal cell carcinoma are increased erosion, ulcers with scaly crusts, and nodules are visible along the edges of the affected area.

If left untreated, the nodules gradually dissolve and a non-healing bright red ulcer appears.

Why is basal cell carcinoma dangerous?

Although tumors of this type of skin cancer do not metastasize into blood vessels, they can cause significant harm to the musculoskeletal system, destroying muscle and bone. Basalioma has destructive growth. If a tumor grows on the face, it leads to blindness and loss of important organs (nose, mouth, jaw).

Moreover, being located in potentially dangerous places, basal cell carcinoma can also affect nerve endings, causing acute and never-ending pain.

Malignant tumor cells divide faster than healthy skin cells, so they manage to take over large areas of skin in a short time. Thus, the normal functioning of the body, for which the skin is a protective “membrane” from aggressive environmental influences, is also at risk.

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma

In order to cure a malignant tumor, they resort to all known therapies that are currently available in the fight against cancer. Here are the main types of treatment for basal cell carcinoma:

Surgery

If a tumor is noticed at an early stage, and it is possible to remove it without harm to other body systems, then it is surgically removed in a short time. The tumor is removed using a surgical treatment method. Unfortunately, this option is only suitable for very young tumor foci, and is completely useless for advanced stage basal cell carcinoma. An expanded tumor affects a significant surface of the face or body, some muscles and even bones have already been destroyed, and, in the case of surgical intervention, the patient is often shown skin grafting to restore the destroyed areas of the body.

Laser removal of basal cell carcinoma

The skin tumor is removed using a laser. The affected area is exposed to high temperature. The operation is performed under local anesthesia, but healing of the skin after the laser is slow and difficult, and large scars often form. For small tumors, radiation therapy gives progressive results and does not give the disease a chance to appear in the same place again.

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with drugs

In some cases, the oncologist may prescribe a special ointment. Its effect on cancer cells is destructive. However, this method is not considered very effective, and treatment in this way can only be done under the supervision of your doctor. Never try to treat skin cancer on your own!

Electrocoagulation of basal cell carcinoma

Electrocoagulation is also used, where the tumor is heated to a critical temperature (when the cancer cells immediately die) using an electric current. But this method is not popular, and is resorted to if basal cell carcinoma is still at an early stage.

Cryodestruction of basalioma with liquid nitrogen

In addition, patients with basal cell carcinoma are successfully cured using cold. Using the process of cryogenic destruction (freezing of disease foci), it is possible to get rid of basal cell carcinoma in a short time. To do this, cryoprobes are used through which liquid nitrogen is released. Due to this, basal cell carcinoma cells turn into ice crystals, lose intercellular connections and the ability to divide. Ice crystals destroy the membranes of cancer cells, completely destroying the tumor. And with all this, the procedure is absolutely painless, does not require additional surgical intervention, and does not cause complications in most cases.

Healing after cryodestruction occurs quickly and almost painlessly. A dark crust appears at the burn site, which disappears within a week. It is also worth adding that the cryogenic method of treating basal skin cancer increases the immunity of epidermal cells: they begin to more intensively resist the actions of the oncovirus, which prevents the appearance of new foci of tumors.

To avoid possible consequences and help therapy, the patient is often prescribed drugs of the cytostatic group - bleomycin, prospidin, etc.

Treatment of basalioma with traditional methods

Traditional medicine is powerless against basal cell carcinoma. If you suspect cancer, contact a professional oncologist as soon as possible, and do not trust those who claim that they can rid you of cancer with alternative treatments.

Prevention of basal cell carcinoma

To reduce the chance of contracting this disease, despite the fact that a person is at risk, it is best to use a number of recommendations. By following these tips, you can reduce the chance of infection, if not to zero, then to a minimum. This is especially necessary for people with delicate, fair skin, and they quickly “burn” under the sun’s rays.

It is necessary to limit your skin from traumatic, long-term effects; immediately heal wounds and ulcers.

If a person works with lubricants and chemicals, then it is necessary to take all necessary protective measures and adhere to strict personal hygiene.

If the patient has an early stage of development of the disease, then treatment is successful in 100 percent of cases. But even the second chance to recover is really high - about 95-97 percent of patients are cured of the tumor after completing a therapeutic course.

Main symptoms:

Change in tumor color
New growths on the skin
Change in shade of the bottom of the ulcer
Constant increase in neoplasm
Ulcers in the center of the tumor

Basalioma is a malignant formation on the surface of the skin. It originates from the basal layer of the epidermis, which is located very deep. In medicine, it is considered the most common type of facial skin cancer, which affects adults over forty years of age. This tumor destroys skin cells and can appear again, even after proper treatment. The positive side of this disease is that it does not metastasize to the internal organs of a person, unlike other types of cancer tumors.

Forms of basal cell carcinoma can manifest in different ways, depending on the type of disease. But, despite their wide variety, basaliomas have almost the same symptoms, which are expressed in the constant growth of the tumor. This disease responds well to treatment, which can be done in several ways. In most clinical situations, the prognosis after treatment is favorable.

The tumor can grow over many years and in the initial stages of its existence it looks like a scar or a small nodule on the skin that is constantly growing. Due to its slow growth, most of the time neither the person nor the doctor notices the formation of cancer and therefore it is diagnosed at later stages of its development.

Etiology

Basalioma of the facial skin has many causes, from the appearance of moles or freckles to skin diseases. The pretext for this type of education can be:

prolonged exposure to direct sunlight on human skin - people with pale skin and blond hair are especially susceptible. This can be a long tan on the beach, in a solarium and specific working conditions;
genetic predisposition or hereditary skin diseases;
contact with poisonous plants;
influence of chemicals;
hypothermia or overheating of the skin;
contacts with arsenic, tar and resins;
weakened immunity.

In children, basal cell carcinoma appears if there is neobasocellular syndrome, which is congenital. It is expressed not only on the skin of the face, but also on the palms and feet, in the form of small depressions. In addition, it can affect the eyeball, which causes congenital blindness and disrupts the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems.

Varieties

According to the forms, skin basal cell carcinoma can be:

Symptoms

The main symptom of cancer is a constant increase in tumor growth. Whether it is a tumor or a spot, its size can vary from a few millimeters to two centimeters. In addition, symptoms are:

changes in color or inclusions in the tumor;
the appearance of ulcers that are localized exactly in the center of the growth, but can also spread to the edges;
change in the shade of the bottom of the ulcer, from pale pink to red.

Complications

If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner or simply do not want to be treated, basal cell carcinomas of the facial skin can increase in size up to ten centimeters, and destruction of tissue and cartilage will occur (an advanced form of the disease is considered to be larger than two centimeters).

Despite the fact that this type of cancer does not metastasize, it can cause serious complications. This is especially true for basal cell carcinoma of the nose, mouth and ears, because if it occurs in such places, the tumor can lead to deformation of not only cartilage, but also bones (can lead to disruption of the functioning of these elements). In addition, through such openings, cancer, which is not characterized by aggressive behavior towards the human body, can spread into the skull and infect the brain. The prognosis is very sad - in most cases the person dies.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is carried out in several ways. The first stage is to examine the patient by a doctor, find out the possible causes of the disease and the time of detection of the first symptoms. During examination, a specialist makes a preliminary diagnosis based on characteristic signs - basal type cancer. After this, a laboratory examination of a piece of the tumor or scraping from the spot is carried out. A consultation with an oncologist may be necessary to rule out other skin diseases.

Treatment

Surgery is the most common way to treat tumors. For particularly small sizes, a special microscope is used. This method is applicable only to small tumors and only if the site of appearance is favorable for surgery;
the use of liquid nitrogen is quick and painless, but the procedure will only be effective if the tumor is located superficially. There is a high probability of re-inflammation of the skin;
laser removal – is carried out in cases of basal cell carcinoma on the face. The advantage of this method is that it does not leave scars and can penetrate deeper than nitrogen, which reduces the likelihood of relapse;
Radiation exposure or ionizing radiation therapy is carried out when other treatment methods are not applicable.

In especially severe cases (large tumor size or localization on the nose, eyes, ears or around the mouth), several options for removing basal cell carcinoma are combined.

Thanks to traditional methods of treating basal cell carcinoma, it is possible to stop the growth of tumors or completely avoid relapse of the disease. They have healing properties:

celandine juice;
carrots (used grated as a compress);
infusion of camphor and alcohol.

Prevention

Prevention of basal cell carcinoma consists of avoiding risk factors that provoke the appearance of tumors:

avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight;
When sunbathing on the beach, take precautions - a hat, sunscreen and glasses;
exclude visits to solariums;
if necessary, change place of work;
timely and correct treatment of any skin problems;
periodic observation in the clinic of people who have already manifested such a disease.

Is everything in the article correct from a medical point of view?

Answer only if you have proven medical knowledge

Diseases with similar symptoms:

Angiomatosis is a pathological condition in which the proliferation of blood vessels occurs, causing the formation of a tumor. The development of angiomatosis occurs in parallel with various congenital anomalies and malfunctions of the immune system. The proliferation of blood vessels can affect the skin, internal organs, brain, visual organs and other body systems.

Many types of basal cell carcinoma tend to be recurrent. After treatment, the tumor re-forms, worsening the prognosis of the disease.

You can see what a relapse looks like in the photo. If it is suspected, you should immediately visit your oncologist.

Typically, recurrent tumors require serious combined treatment.

Scalpel removal is required, and local chemotherapy, laser therapy, cryogenic or radiation treatment is prescribed before or after surgery. If a new tumor is detected, clinical observation is intensified.

You should see a doctor once every 3 months. A general blood test can be prescribed by a doctor once every 6 months (if there is stable remission and no relapses).

Excision of a new tumor is done using a scalpel technique.

Basal cell carcinoma is distinguished by its persistent relapsing course. Quite often, invasion occurs in almost all skin layers, including the deepest ones.

This process can cause cosmetic functional defects on the skin surface. People of all ages are affected by the disease, however, as statistics show, every fourth person before and after 50 years of age who is sensitive to sun exposure and has fair skin is at risk.

Basalioma - general characteristics and mechanism of tumor development

Basalioma is also called basal cell carcinoma of the skin, corrosive

Or skin carcinoid. All these terms are used as synonyms to refer to the same pathology, namely, skin tumors from atypically changed cells of the basal layer of the epidermis.

Currently, basal cell carcinomas account for 60 to 80% of all types of skin cancer. Tumors develop mainly in people over 50 years of age.

At a younger age, basal cell carcinomas practically do not occur. In the population, the tumor affects men somewhat more often.

The total lifetime risk of developing this type of skin cancer is 30–35% for men and 20–25% for women. That is, the tumor occurs quite often - in every third man and every fourth woman.

Causes of skin cancer

The reasons that provoke the development of basal cell carcinoma are almost the same as in other cases of malignant skin diseases.

Why does she appear

Namely:

constant exposure of the skin to sunlight (UV) rays (this results in the formation of dimeric thymine - structural damage to the DNA molecule, which provokes the development of tumors)
negative impact of ionizing radiation;
occupational hazards (working with carcinogenic substances);
hereditary (genetic) predisposition to skin diseases

At present, the question of the histogenesis (the set of processes leading to the formation) of this disease has not yet been completely resolved. Many are of the opinion that basal cell skin cancer develops from pluripotent epithelial cells.

Differentiation can occur in different directions. Let us list some reasons that, according to most experts, can provoke the development of this pathology:

Genetic predisposition.
Disturbances in the functioning of the immune system.
External influences of unfavorable factors.
Development against the background of senile keratosis, radiodermatitis, tuberculous lupus, psoriasis.

Types of basal cell carcinoma

Taking into account the main symptoms of basal cell carcinoma, the following forms can be distinguished:

Nodular-ulcerative; fibroepithelial; pigmented; superficial; scleroderma-like morphea type.

Based on external manifestations and location, basal cell carcinoma is divided into several types:

Nodular basalioma. This type of basal cell carcinoma is considered “classic”. It looks like a pink round formation, as if growing outward, which quickly ulcerates and provokes the destruction of surrounding tissues. Nodular basal cell carcinoma is:

coarsely nodular
conglobed
warty
tumor-ulcerative.

We can say that other types of tumors are formed from the nodular type of baseloma.

what types of basal cell carcinoma exist?

2. Scarring basalioma. This is a superficial type of basal cell carcinoma, looking like a growing lesion, which consists of a central (scar-like) part and a surrounding area. This area may be covered with crusts, ulcers, and erosions.

3. Erythematous (pagetoid) basalioma is also superficial.

It looks like a spot (one or more) of red or reddish-brown color, the entire surface of which is covered with uneven crusts or scales.

The spot is separated from healthy skin by raised edges, similar to a thin roller. In the center there may be ulcers, scars, blood crusts, vascular networks (telangiectasia).

Erythematous basalioma grows very slowly, most often localized on the face and torso.

4. Pigmented basalioma. This type differs from others in its brownish coloration (net-like or dotted). It is usually localized on the face and torso.

5. Sclerodermiform basalioma.

This is a rare type of basal cell carcinoma that appears as a small, well-defined spot (flat or slightly raised) with a whitish-yellowish coloration.

The ridge surrounding it is usually absent. The center of the lesion may be covered with telangiectasias, colorless spots, and in very rare cases, ulcerations.

It is usually located on the face.

6. Vegetating basalioma.

This type is also very rare. It looks like a nodular formation, raised high above the surface of the skin.

On top, the formation may be warty or erosive. One of the distinctive features of vegetative basal cell carcinoma is its size, which is often quite large (sometimes they are 20 cm in diameter).

This type of basal cell carcinoma can develop due to incomplete removal of another form of basal cell carcinoma, which can “go” under the skin and affect nearby lymph nodes. Also in the medical literature, deep vegetative basal cell carcinomas are described, which grow rapidly, choosing locations in the lower lip, arms and legs, torso and genitals.

According to the forms, skin basal cell carcinoma can be:

The disease is classified according to various principles. Most often, the form and stage of neglect are determined as the main indicators. To prescribe adequate treatment, it is very important to determine the type of basal cell carcinoma. The disease is most often divided into the following forms:

superficial basalioma;
nodular basal cell carcinoma;
solid basal cell carcinoma;
flat basalioma;
pigment basal cell carcinoma;
warty basalioma;
scleroderma-like basalioma;
adenoid basal cell carcinoma;
ulcerative basalioma.

There is a classification of the disease according to stages of development (neglect). There are only four of them:

first (I) – initial stage. The size of the neoplasm is up to 2 cm. The surrounding dermis is not changed, it has completely normal color and turgor.
second (II). The tumor has grown to the entire depth of the epidermis, but has not had time to affect the subcutaneous fat;
third (III). Epidermal skin cancer varies in size but affects all soft tissue underneath the affected area;
fourth (IV) – advanced stage. Not only skin and soft tissues suffer, but also bones and cartilage tissue.

To get rid of skin cancer in almost any location, including behind the ear, laser therapy, cryodestruction, radiation, surgery, combination treatment, and chemotherapy are used.

These are specialized types of treatment for the disease, which only an oncologist has the right to prescribe. After identifying a pathology, the patient is required to be sent to an oncology clinic at his place of residence.

The oncology office keeps records of patients with a verified diagnosis. The therapeutic regimen is selected taking into account:

stage of basal cell carcinoma (advanced disease);
presence of concomitant diseases;
individual characteristics of the body (fatness, presence of allergies, age, etc.);
types of basal cell carcinomas;
degree of severity of the clinical picture (involvement of nearby tissues, bones, cartilage).

Treatment is carried out in an oncology clinic. This is the most effective, because the patient is advised by a chemotherapist, a surgeon, and a radiation treatment specialist (radiologist).

After consultations and the necessary diagnostic tests and studies, the optimal therapeutic regimen is collectively selected at a medical council.

This type of cancer is also called basal cell carcinoma. It most often develops on the face, neck or nose. Prefers to affect the male population over 40 years of age. It has been noted that representatives of the Mongoloid and Negroid races are not susceptible to this type of cancer.

The name “basal cell carcinoma” comes from the fact that cancer cells begin their development from the basal layer of the skin, which is located deepest.

If we consider histology, this pathology is classified as undifferentiated and differentiated cancer. The first category includes:

solid basal cell carcinoma;
pigment;
morphea-like;
superficial.

Differentiated is divided into:

keratotic basal cell carcinoma;
cystic;
adenoid.

According to the international classification, the following types of skin cancer are distinguished:

There is a classification of this pathology according to the type of manifestation. The following types are distinguished:

Nodular-ulcerative basalioma. Consider this basal cell skin cancer. The initial stage (the photo confirms this) is characterized by the appearance of a nodule on the eyelids and in the corners of the mouth. The surrounding skin is pink or reddish in color with a matte or shiny surface. After some time, the nodule turns into an ulcer with a greasy coating. After some time, a vascular network appears on the surface, the ulcer becomes covered with a crust, and seals form along the edges. Gradually, the ulcer begins to bleed and grow into the deeper layers of the skin, but metastases do not form.
If the ulcer heals in the center and continues to grow at the edges, then we are talking about cicatricial atrophic basal cell carcinoma.
Perforating basal cell carcinoma develops most often in areas that are frequently injured. Very similar to the nodular-ulcerative form, but develops at a much faster rate.
The warty form of cancer resembles a head of cauliflower in appearance.
The nodular appearance is a single nodule that develops upward and protrudes above the surface of the skin.

Only after the form and type of the disease is determined, the doctor determines how to treat basal cell carcinoma. Of course, there can be no talk of any self-medication.

The presented photos show basal cell carcinoma in each of its main variants. Attempts have been made to classify basal cell carcinomas based on growth pattern or differentiation patterns, but such methods have not gained universal acceptance. Thus, there is no generally accepted classification for basal cell carcinomas; about 26 different varieties have been described. The most common types are: 1) nodular, 2) pigmentary, 3) cystic, 4) ulcerative, 5) superficial, 6) fibrosing (scleroderma-like), 7) basosquamous (also known as metatypic cancer), and 8) Pincus fibroepithelioma. Most often basal -cell carcinoma has the form of one of three subtypes: nodular, superficial or ulcerative. You will also see in the photo how basal cell carcinoma has signs of several varieties at once.

Signs of the initial stage of basal cell carcinoma

stages of basal cell carcinoma development, photo

The classification of basal cell carcinoma by stage is based on the clinical picture, taking into account characteristics - the area of the lesion, the depth of germination into adjacent tissues and signs of their destruction, without signs of involvement of lymph nodes in the process.

According to such indications, four stages of damage are determined, which are caused by the manifestation of neoplasms in the form of tumors or ulcers.

The initial stage of basal cell carcinoma (first) includes neoplasms not exceeding 2 cm. Localization is limited, without germination into adjacent tissues.
The second stage includes nodular tumors larger than 2 cm with signs of germination into all skin layers, without involving fatty tissue.
The third stage is characterized by a significant size of the neoplasm (up to 3 or more cm), growing into all tissue structures, right up to the bone.
The fourth stage of skin basal cell carcinoma includes tumors that grow and affect the bone structure or cartilage tissue (see photo).

photo of the initial stage of basal cell carcinoma

The tumor is typically located in various areas of the facial and cervical zone. Localization of various forms of basal cell carcinoma on the skin of the nose is also not uncommon. It manifests itself as small painless skin-colored nodules, in the form of ordinary pimples, usually on the forehead or in the folds near the wings of the nose.

In the initial stage, basal cell carcinomas look like small pearly nodular formations, which tend to become wet after a while. A crust forms on their surface, through which the ulcerated surface is visible.

The process is not accompanied by pain or discomfort. Such pearly nodules can appear as a whole “company” and unite into one, forming an angiitis spot (plaque) with a lobulated surface.

Typically, the formation of telangiectasis signs (small capillary stains) on the plaque surface. Soon, a bubble edging begins to form around the neoplasm, subsequently turning into a dense edging in the form of a roller, which is a characteristic feature of basal cell carcinoma.

When stretching the skin at the site of formation, you can clearly see the red ring of the inflammatory process.

The classification of pathology into stages is based on the characteristics manifested in the clinical picture, such as the area of the lesion, the depth of germination, signs of destruction, and others. In accordance with these characteristics, it is customary to distinguish four stages of basal cell carcinoma:

The initial stage of basal cell carcinoma is characterized by the appearance of tumors, the size of which is no more than two centimeters. They are locally limited and have not had time to grow into neighboring tissues.
Nodular tumors, the size of which is more than two centimeters, belong to the second stage of the disease. There are signs that basal cell carcinoma has grown into all layers of the skin, but the fatty tissue remains unaffected.
New growths measuring three centimeters or more are classified as stage three. At this stage of development, the tumor grows to the bone.
Stage four basaliomas are neoplasms that affect bone and cartilage tissue.

A characteristic feature of the tumor is its location in different areas of the neck and face. Localized on the skin of the nose, which is also not uncommon.

At the very beginning, the tumor appears in the form of small and painless nodules, matching the color of the skin. Most often they appear on the forehead or in the nasolabial folds and resemble ordinary pimples.

At the initial stage, basal cell carcinoma looks like a small pearly nodule. After some time, it begins to get wet, and a crust begins to form on the surface, through which the ulcerated surface can be discerned.

There is no pain or discomfort. Such nodules can appear in whole groups and then merge into one whole. As a result, an angiitis plaque is formed with a lobulated surface. This is what basal cell carcinoma is.

Symptoms and signs of basal cell carcinoma

This cancerous skin lesion is characterized by the appearance of a small nodule. It may be red or flesh-colored.

The formation slowly increases in size, but it does not bother the person at all. There is no pain or discomfort.

As the tumor progresses, a gray crust forms on the surface of the tumor. After its removal, a slight depression is observed on the skin, which disappears over time.

A characteristic sign of a developing disease is the appearance of a thin ridge of dense consistency. Upon careful examination, you can notice small grains on its surface, similar to pearls.

In order for treatment to be carried out as soon as possible and lead to remission of the disease, early diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is very important. To do this, you need to know the main signs of basal cell carcinoma.

The patient can detect them on his own if he periodically examines his body for new growths or changes in existing moles.

There are five main signs that basal cell carcinoma is developing:

asymmetry of moles;
uneven or unclear edges of moles;
changes in the color of moles (uneven coloring, grayish or black);
mole diameter exceeding 6 mm;
the beginning of rapid growth of a mole or change in its size.

When one or more symptoms appear, immediate consultation with an oncologist is required. It is not necessary that the symptoms indicate the development of cancer, but you need to make sure that there is no basal cell carcinoma or start treatment as soon as possible.

Its effectiveness largely depends on the stage of basal cell carcinoma at which treatment is started.

Stages of the disease

Like any cancer, basal cell carcinoma has its own stages:

Stage zero is characterized by the formation of cancer cells in the skin, but the absence of a formed tumor. Only an oncologist can tell what basal cell carcinoma looks like in the initial stage, because sometimes the symptoms are extremely minor, and sometimes they are completely absent.
The first stage is when basal cell carcinoma is just beginning to form; stage 1 is the most favorable for treatment. In this case, the size of the tumor does not exceed 2 cm.
The second stage means the formation of flat basilioma. Stage 2 of skin basilioma is characterized by tumor growth, which can now be up to 5 cm in diameter.
The third stage is diagnosed in the presence of deep basal cell carcinoma. Stage 3 skin basalioma has an ulcerated surface, the tumor grows into the dermis of the skin, muscles, fatty tissue, tendons and even bones. The patient may feel soreness of the skin in the area of the tumor.
The fourth stage is the stage of papillary basal cell carcinoma. Stage 4 skin basal cell carcinoma is accompanied by destruction of the bones that are located under the skin in the area of tumor formation.

How to identify basal cell carcinoma at an early stage? To do this, you need to carefully monitor the moles on your body and consult a doctor if they change.

Diagnosis of skin basal cell carcinoma

The initial diagnosis can be made by the patient himself. To do this, he must examine his moles and, if they begin to increase in size, change structure or color, consult a doctor. This especially applies to those people who are at risk.

If basal cell carcinoma is suspected, the diagnosis should be made by an oncologist after testing. Such analyzes include:

radiography;
CT scan;
ultrasonography;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
biopsy;
cytological and histological examinations;
tests for tumor markers.

Skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma) manifests itself in various clinical forms.

Ulcus rodens – nodular-ulcerative. Common locations are the inner surface in the corners of the eye, the skin surface of the eyelids, and in the folds at the base of the nose. Protrudes above the skin in the form of a pinkish or red dense nodular formation with a shiny surface. The gradual enlargement of the node is accompanied by its ulceration, the bottom of the ulcer becomes covered with a greasy coating. The surface is characterized by signs of telangiectisia (vascular dilatations) and the appearance of a crust surrounded by a “pearly” dense ridge.
Perforating basalioma is a rare form of basalioma of the facial skin with signs of rapid infiltration. In appearance it is not much different from the previous form.
Warty, exophytic, papillary - appear above the skin surface as dense rounded nodules, reminiscent of cauliflower. Not prone to infiltration.
Large nodular nodular – characterized by a single localization of nodular formation. Signs of telangiectisia are clearly visible on the surface.
Pigmented basal cell carcinoma, very similar in appearance to melanoma. The difference is the dark internal pigmentation of the node and the “pearl” ridge surrounding it.
An atrophic scar form that looks like flat ulcerations surrounded by a dense border of “pearl” color. The growth of an erosive spot at the time of scarring in its center is characteristic.
Sclerodermiform basal cell carcinoma prone to scarring and ulceration. At the beginning of the process, it appears as small dense nodes, which quickly turn into dense flat spots with vascular translucency.
Pagetoid superficial tumor. It is characterized by the manifestation of many flat neoplasms reaching large sizes. Plaques with raised edges do not rise above the skin and appear in all shades of scarlet. They often appear accompanied by various diffuse processes - costal anomalies or the development of cysts in the mandibular zone.
Turban basal cell carcinoma, affecting the scalp. The purple-pink tumor “sits” on a fairly wide base (10 cm in diameter). Develops over a long period of time. It has a benign clinical picture.

Basalioma (photo below) can manifest itself in several clinical forms:

Mature symptoms

Basalioma has the appearance of a small single plaque, rising above the skin level and consisting of numerous small nodules. The color of the tumor may be pink or pinkish-red, but may not differ from the shade of healthy human skin. Usually, a small depression forms in its center, covered with a thin crust, under which bleeding erosion is found. Along the edges of the ulcer there are ridge-like thickenings of numerous nodules - “pearls”, which have a characteristic pearlescent tint.

The initial stage of development of basal cell carcinoma practically does not give any clinical symptoms. Mostly, patients complain of the appearance of a constantly growing tumor on the skin of the face, lips and nose, which does not hurt, only sometimes causing mild itching.

Depending on the size and degree of local spread of basal cell carcinoma, there are four clinical stages of the disease:

I. The size of the basal cell carcinoma does not exceed 2 cm and is surrounded by healthy dermis.

II. The tumor has a diameter of over 2 cm, grows throughout the entire depth of the skin, but does not involve the subcutaneous fat layer.

III. An ulcer or plaque reaches any size, involving all the soft tissues underlying it.

IV. The tumor-like neoplasm affects nearby soft tissues, including cartilage and bones.

In approximately 10% of cases, a multiple form of basal cell carcinoma occurs, when the number of plaques reaches several dozen or more, being a manifestation of non-basocellular Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.

Progression of the disease leads to the growth of cancer. New nodules appear on the skin, which eventually merge with each other.

Oncology provokes vasodilation, causing spider veins to appear between tumors. Gradually the formation turns into a large ulcer.

If left untreated, it grows into surrounding tissues. At this stage, severe pain syndrome appears.

The main symptom of cancer is a constant increase in tumor growth. Whether it is a tumor or a spot, its size can vary from a few millimeters to two centimeters. In addition, symptoms are:

changes in color or inclusions in the tumor;
the appearance of ulcers that are localized exactly in the center of the growth, but can also spread to the edges;
change in the shade of the bottom of the ulcer, from pale pink to red.

Symptoms of flat basal cell carcinoma are always the same: a plaque appears, located at the level of the skin. A ridge-like edge separates the neoplasm from healthy tissue. It is slightly raised above the epidermis. This form of basal cell carcinoma has the most favorable prognosis for recovery.

What does the nodular form of basalioma look like? The nodular form of basalioma is always raised above the skin. It has a pronounced depression “crowning” the center of the tumor.

Even with minimal trauma, the neoplasm bleeds (bleeding appears), which subsequently quickly leads to anemia and cachexia (exhaustion) of the patient.

How does basal cell carcinoma differ from papilloma? Basalioma is

In this episode of the TV show “Live Healthy!” with El�

The superficial form of basal cell carcinoma is easily recognized by its elastic consistency, which takes on a round or oval shape. The edges are no different from the surface of the neoplasm itself.

The tumor spreads throughout the body (lower leg, shoulder, back), so superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma of the skin of the back is a common diagnosis among cancer patients.

The pigmented form of basal cell carcinoma can have a dark, almost black tint, which makes it possible to confuse it with skin melanoma. Basalioma looks like a smooth and shiny plaque of dense consistency. Verification of the diagnosis is carried out only by histological analysis of tissues.

Symptoms of other forms of the disease

Quite often, if there is basal cell skin cancer, the initial stage (photo confirmation of this) occurs completely without symptoms. In rare cases, slight bleeding may occur.

Patients may complain that a small ulcer has appeared on the skin, which slowly increases in size, but it is absolutely painless, sometimes itching appears.

Clinical manifestations of basal cell carcinoma depend on the shape of the tumor and its location. The most common is nodular basal cell carcinoma.

It is a hemispherical node with a smooth pink surface, in the center of which there is a small depression. The node grows slowly and resembles a pearl.

With the superficial form of cancer, a plaque appears with clear boundaries, raised and having waxy-shiny edges. Its diameter can be from 1 to 30 mm. It grows very slowly.

Diagnostic methods

The disease is diagnosed through clinical and laboratory tests, including:

1. Examination of the scalp, skin and visible mucous membranes of the patient, including visual examination of the area where the basal cell carcinoma is located using a magnifying glass. In this case, the shape, color and presence of shining “pearl” nodules along the edges of the tumor are necessarily noted.

2. Palpation of regional and distant lymph nodes for their enlargement.

In the early stages, diagnosis of the disease is difficult due to the similarity of symptoms with other skin pathologies. After carefully collecting an anamnesis of the disease (when and how the disease developed) and a life history (presence of bad habits, occupational hazards), you need to begin examining the lymph nodes located nearby.

In advanced stages of oncology, they are enlarged and dense on palpation.

The main task of the doctor is to distinguish a benign tumor from a malignant neoplasm. Further treatment of these pathologies differs fundamentally; an error in diagnosis is fatal.

To verify the diagnosis, histological analysis of a sample of the affected tissue is required. In parallel, all women are prescribed a cytogram.

Diagnosis of a complex disease begins with an initial examination of the formation on the upper layers of the skin. Basalioma is not difficult to identify, but for a more accurate diagnosis you will need to carry out:

cytological examination;
histological testing;
general blood analysis;
external examination of the skin condition.

Radiation treatment

When treating basal cell carcinoma, various conservative and radical methods are used, the choice of which depends on the type, nature and number of tumors, the age and gender of the patient, and the presence of concomitant diseases:

1. Surgical removal is used for non-aggressive basal cell carcinomas located in the patient’s back or chest.

The tumor is excised with a scalpel with an indentation of 2 cm into healthy tissue, the wound is closed with a skin flap or skin stretched from the sides of the incision. In order to prevent relapse and more serious consequences, single radiation therapy of up to 3 Gy is performed.

2. If the tumor has grown deep into the tissue and cannot be removed surgically, radiation is performed, the total dose of which can be 50-75 Gy.

3. Small tumors with a diameter of up to 0.7 mm are removed by diathermocoagulation and curettage, having previously anesthetized the surgical site.

4. Cryodestruction – nitrogen freezing of small superficial basal cell carcinomas, not exceeding 3 cm in diameter, localized on the nose or forehead. It is not used to treat tumors located in the corner of the eye, on the nose or part of the ear.

The disease in its early stages is easily treatable. Modern medicine has sufficient knowledge and techniques to eliminate skin cancer. The choice of treatment method is influenced by the prevalence of the disease, its location and the depth of the lesion.

The most popular treatment methods for facial skin basal cell carcinoma today are:

Curettage and fulguration.
Cryosurgery.
Mohs surgery.

Curettage and fulguration are two common techniques used to eliminate cancer on the surface of the body. The surgical intervention is based on desquamation with further burning of the tissue. During the procedure, not only the tumor is removed, but also the bleeding is stopped.

Cryosurgery is appropriate in the presence of superficial formations. It is based on the use of liquid nitrogen.

The procedure involves freezing and then removing the tumor. As an alternative technique, your doctor may recommend laser removal.

It is possible to use surgical excision; this method is appropriate for aggressive disease.

Mohs surgery is a micrographic technique. It was developed specifically to eliminate cancerous lesions on the skin.

Used on sensitive areas, particularly the face. The technique is based on layer-by-layer freezing of the formation.

This allows the defect to be completely removed with minimal risk of scar development. This technique is the most effective; it significantly reduces the risk of relapse.

Each of the presented methods allows you to cure basal cell carcinoma. The main thing is to start the fight at an early stage. The aggressive course is a more complex process, but timely medicine gives good results.

Important to know: Basalioma after removal

The diagnostic criterion for examining basal cell carcinoma tumors is considered to be histological and cytological indicators from scrapings, smears, or a biopsy from the tumor area.

For differential diagnosis, a highly informative dermatoscopy technique is used, which identifies basal cell carcinoma by morphological characteristics.

An important diagnostic method that helps in the correct choice of treatment tactics - therapeutic or surgical intervention - is ultrasound examination. Ultrasound specifies the extent of the lesion, its location and characteristics of the tumor process.

It is on such data that the choice of treatment methods is based, including:

1) Drug therapy for skin basal cell carcinoma using local chemotherapy with cytostatic drugs such as Cyclophosphamide and application treatment with Methotrexate or Fluorouracil.

2) Surgical removal of basal cell carcinoma, covering one to two centimeters of tissue adjacent to the tumor. Cartilaginous and bone tissues are subject to resection if they are involved in the process.

This method is not used to treat basal cell carcinoma on the face, since extensive intervention is very difficult to correct with plastic surgery. It is used in operations to remove tumors from parts of the body, including the limbs.

Contraindications include advanced age, complex background pathologies, and inability to use anesthesia.

3) Cryodestruction – removal of skin basal cell carcinoma using liquid nitrogen. The low temperature of nitrogen has a destructive effect on tumor tissue. This technique is used to remove small lesions located mainly on the arms or legs.

Cryodestruction is not used to remove large basal cell carcinomas, with deep infiltration and neoplasms located on the face.

4) Radiation therapy is used as a treatment for basal cell carcinoma, as an independent technique, and as a possible combination with other treatment. It is used to remove superficial formations (with a diameter of no more than 5 cm) in the early period of development, localized in any area of the face.

The radiation technique is acceptable for elderly patients and those with advanced forms of the disease. Comprehensive, mixed treatment with drug therapy is possible.

5) Removal of small formations with neodymium and carbon dioxide laser. The effectiveness of the method is 85%.

6) Photodynamic therapy of basal cell carcinoma, due to the influence of laser radiation on the tumor process with a photosensitizer administered to the patient.

The effect of laser on the sensitizer accumulated by tumor cells causes necrosis of its tissues and death of cancer cells, without causing harm to connective tissues. This is the most popular and effective method for removing primary and recurrent tumors, especially on the face.

The prognosis for treatment of skin basal cell carcinoma, despite frequent relapses, is generally favorable. Complete cure is achieved in almost 8 out of 10 patients. And local and non-advanced forms of the disease can be completely cured with timely diagnosis.

The treatment method for basal cell carcinoma is selected individually for each patient. To do this, factors such as the type of cancer, shape and size, the location where the tumor formed, whether treatment has already been carried out and how exactly it was carried out are taken into account. Based on the data obtained, the patient may be prescribed one of the following methods for removing basal cell carcinoma: The method of treating cancer with close-focus X-rays (x-ray therapy) is the most well-known technique that has undergone decades of clinical use. It is often supplemented with remote gamma therapy. The treatment method is effective in the initial stages of the disease. We list the biggest “disadvantages” of this type of therapy:

decrease in the body's defenses;
deterioration of general health;
hair loss of varying degrees of intensity;
the skin suffers, an area of redness, peeling, and dryness appears;
loss of appetite, up to complete denial of food;
disorders of the digestive and cardiovascular systems;
changes in the central nervous system: heaviness in the head, memory impairment, problems with remembering new information.

Treatment is carried out in the conditions of the radiology department, which exists at every major oncology clinic. All of these negative effects (complications) of radiation therapy are short-term, mild, and quickly disappear with symptomatic therapy.

To cure the disease, the course of treatment can be extended to one month or more.

Laser treatment of basal cell carcinoma is a progressive method of therapy. During treatment, pain and burning may be felt, so local anesthesia is used. Applying pain-relieving ointments is usually sufficient. For large tumors, tissue injections with injectable drugs are used. The “advantages” of the procedure include:

no relapses;
good cosmetic effect (minimal scars), which allows the technique to be used on open, visible areas of the body;
minimum rehabilitation period, lasting from several days to 2 weeks;
relative absence of pain, especially with the use of modern local anesthetics.

The cost of laser treatment is in a huge range: it can start from 500 and reach up to 38,000 rubles. But as practice shows, the average value is 6000-9000 rubles.

A lot of positive reviews confirm the effectiveness of the procedure. Ideal for the treatment of elderly people due to minimal complications.

Cryodestruction, as a method of treating cancer, has been used for decades. The mechanism of action is quite simple: under the influence of low temperatures, cancer cells die and are destroyed.

Relapses after cryodestruction are extremely rare. The technique is suitable for small tumors, especially those localized in areas close to bones and cartilage tissue.

But not suitable for treating the area around the eyes.

What is surgical treatment? This is the most common type of therapy. Do not use when basal cell carcinoma is located in a difficult-to-reach location (corner of the eye, eyelid, internal auditory canal of the ear).

Since scars remain after a scalpel intervention, for a disease that affects the cheeks, forehead and other visible areas of the body, they try to resort to other types of treatment.

Surgery involves excision of the tumor. The resection is done by intervening at least 0.0 times behind the affected tissue.

5 cm. Scalpel intervention is indispensable for persistent recurrence and the appearance of metastases.

Although basalioma is a neoplasm that is sensitive to radiation therapy, in some cases radioresistance (insensitive to radiation therapy) is observed, then surgical treatment cannot be avoided.

Previously, people used folk methods to get rid of basal cell carcinomas. But this is a rather risky step if you decide to take it without the consent of the oncologist. Only after receiving a full consultation, as an addition to the main therapeutic regimen, do they take drugs according to the prescriptions of healers. Here are a few recipes:

Fraction ASD-3. You should apply lotions for several hours, applying a dampened rag to the affected area.
Celandine. This plant has long been used to treat many skin diseases. Cauterization of the neoplasm is carried out with freshly squeezed juice, for which it is enough to simply break the rod or grind the celandine flower. Use celandine with great care in the eye area (especially in the lower corner), the nipple of the mammary gland, and on the lip.
Ointment from celandine and burdock. Half a glass of dry crushed herbal raw materials is poured into a glass of hot goose fat. Heat the oven low and simmer the mixture for 2 hours, strain, and apply for external local use.

Treatment methods include:

Drug therapy using local chemotherapy using cytostatic drugs, for example, Cyclophosphamide. It is also possible to use applications with the drugs “Fluorouracil” and “Methotrexate”.
Surgery. Facial basal cell carcinoma is completely removed. In this case, adjacent tissues are captured by approximately 1-2 centimeters. If the cartilage tissue is damaged, it is also subject to resection.

What ointment to use for basal cell carcinoma of the face?

At the initial stage or in case of relapse of the pathology, the following ointments can be used:

"Omain ointment."
"Solcoseryl".
"Curaderm cream"
"Iruksol".
"Metvix."

Contraindications to surgery – complex background pathology, advanced age, inability to use anesthesia:

Cryodestruction. Allows you to remove basalioma using liquid nitrogen. The destruction of tumor tissue occurs as a result of exposure to too low a temperature. This technique is suitable exclusively for the destruction of small tumors located on the legs or arms. If the tumor is large, deeply infiltrated, or located on the face, this method is contraindicated.
Radiation therapy for basal cell carcinoma of the face. Can be used as an independent method of treatment, or in combination with others. It can be used to remove formations no larger than 5 centimeters in size and located on the surface. In this case, the period of development should be early, but localization does not matter. This technique is acceptable when treating elderly patients and in cases of advanced forms of the disease. Therapy can be complex, mixed with medication.
Removal with carbon dioxide or neodymium laser. The use of this technique is possible if the tumors are small in size. The method is highly effective, the effectiveness reaches 85%.
Photodynamic therapy. It is carried out by exposing basalioma to laser radiation. The patient must first be given a photosensitizer.

A malignant tumor, basal cell carcinoma, can be treated quite quickly if a person seeks qualified help in a timely manner. After clarifying the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed complex therapy.

In cases where the tumor has managed to enlarge and grow, the only available option to get rid of the tumor is surgical intervention. Studying the edge of the nodule in the lower layer of the epidermis allows you to remove only potentially dangerous areas of the skin.

This procedure takes place under general anesthesia, so the person does not feel severe pain or discomfort.

During the postoperative period, an unpleasant scar forms at the site of the tumor. Healing ointments and cosmetic plastic surgery can remove this defect (an inevitable consequence of surgery).

Alternative technique

Going through the main course of treatment using other methods of getting rid of basal cell carcinoma is an alternative available to the patient. Basal cell skin cancer can be treated with the following mandatory procedures:

gradual cryodestruction;
photodynamic therapy;
drug treatment of the tumor.

The disease, which cannot be transmitted by airborne droplets or contact, requires a strong impact on cancer cells, but freezing with nitrogen or radiation therapy is determined by the attending physician.

Skin cancer basal cell carcinoma in its early stages can be quickly treated with subsequent rehabilitation. Tumors that have grown into healthy areas of the skin are removed gradually to reduce stress on the body.

A person’s moral well-being plays an important role in the effectiveness of therapeutic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy is one of the methods of treating basal cell carcinoma

The prognosis worries every patient. An external skin defect affects not only physical but also moral well-being.

The general prognosis, due to the absence of metastases, is favorable and positive. Deaths occur only in the absence of treatment and neglect of one’s own health.

After undergoing a one-time treatment (getting rid of the tumor), the patient is prescribed rehabilitation and subsequent prevention. Relapses of the disease are a common phenomenon that can only be avoided by persistent, positive-minded people.

If the tumor size has not reached twenty millimeters in diameter, then the prognosis for a quick recovery is over 90%. Simple therapy, diligent adherence to doctors’ recommendations and faith in a bright future are the key to quick, effective treatment.

Complications

The tumor can develop for years without causing discomfort to the person. But this doesn't always happen.

Without adequate, complete treatment, the oncological process begins to grow not only in breadth, but also in depth. Invading new areas of the epidermis, the tumor area increases, cutaneous innervation and sensitivity are disrupted, and the vascular bed, especially the capillary network, begins to suffer.

If the tumor begins to grow inward, the muscle fibers and nerve lines are affected. This leads to gross dysfunction of the arm, leg, neck and other parts of the body.

With advanced basal cell skin cancer (stage 4), bone tissue is destroyed, becoming fragile and brittle. The bone frame cannot cope with the anatomical load, leading to disability of the patient at the oncology clinic.

Preventive actions

Prevention of basal cell carcinoma consists of avoiding risk factors that provoke the appearance of tumors:

Prevention of basal cell carcinomas should begin in early childhood and continue throughout human life. You should avoid excessive insolation (stay in the sun), solarium, give up bad habits, and lead a measured lifestyle.

Active sunbathing in the midday sun is prohibited; not only basal cell carcinoma, but also melanoma and keratoma may appear. It is justified to use sunscreen or protect exposed areas of the body in the summer.

This applies not only to the elderly and children, but also to the adult population.

An important point in the prevention of any form of basal cell carcinoma is diet. The diet should be filled as much as possible with plant proteins, vegetables, and seasonal fruits.

Accidental injuries to old scars, especially rough ones consisting of colloidal tissue, should be avoided. Timely sanitation of difficult-to-heal wounds or extensive burn surfaces will help avoid the development of an oncological process.

The duration of rehabilitation depends on the stage of the disease. If the tumor is detected at the beginning of its development, then rehabilitation measures are not so serious: taking vitamin complexes, improving nutrition, systematic skin hygiene, and improving health in general.

Basalioma is not contagious and does not require isolation of the sick person for the period of rehabilitation after any type of treatment.

With timely detection of the lesion and receipt of adequate treatment, the prognosis is favorable due to the absence of a pronounced tendency to form metastases.

If the tumor is more than 20 mm in diameter and detected in late stages, it can be fatal. The larger the tumor itself, the more pronounced the cosmetic defect.

The most interesting on the topic

Those who have already encountered basal cell skin cancer once should take special care to prevent recurrence. After treatment of basal cell carcinoma, you should follow all the doctor’s recommendations:

During the period of solar activity, that is, in summer, it is necessary to limit your stay on the street from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. At this time, ultraviolet radiation is most aggressive, so you must avoid its exposure. If you need to go outside, you should apply a special protective cream to your skin and use hats and glasses.
Without proper nutrition, it is impossible to maintain your immune system at the proper level. It is necessary to limit the amount of animal proteins; they can be replaced with plant proteins, such as nuts and legumes.
The diet should include more vegetables and fruits.
If there are old scars on the skin, then measures must be taken to prevent injury to them.
All ulcers and wounds on the skin should be treated promptly. If they tend to heal poorly, you should consult a doctor.