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Diagnostics in ophthalmology requires high accuracy and good instrumentation. For a general examination of the eyeball, a microscope with a special illuminator is needed - slit lamp, and for the study of the fundus - several types ophthalmoscopes(direct, reverse).
Determination of visual acuity (visometry) carried out using projection equipment and a set of trial lenses or a phoropter. To determine the patient's myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, a device is needed autorefkeratometer, which automatically focuses on the retina, detects refraction, optical power of the cornea and prints the result. To determine intraocular pressure, several methods are usually used: a non-contact pneumotonometer, a Maklakov tonometer and a Goldman applanation tonometer or tonograph.
Computer perimetry allows you to determine the boundaries of the field of view in patients. Ultrasound research methods(A-method, B-scan) allow you to measure the size of the eyeball and its internal structures, to study the acoustic transparency of the vitreous body and the position of the membranes of the eyeball. Keratotopograph and pachymeter give an idea of the refractive power, topography of the corneal surface and its thickness. All these devices are in the Ophthalmology Center of the CM-Clinic holding. But we are also equipped with such equipment that few clinics can afford: an optical coherence tomograph, a fundus camera, an optical non-contact biometer, and a digital slit lamp.
The measurement of the parameters of the eyeball is carried out in diopters, millimeters and microns, and the pressure in millimeters of mercury. The most thorough examinations are carried out before eye operations, since an error in measuring the optical axis of the eye of 1 mm corresponds to 3 diopters in glasses. And an error in the measurement of intraocular pressure can lead to serious damage to the optic nerve, with dynamic observation of glaucoma.
Diagnosis of eye diseases is carried out according to certain generally accepted schemes, but may include the use of additional equipment. Patients with cataracts undergo slit-lamp examinations, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal optical power and ultrasound examinations. Patients with glaucoma, in addition, measure intraocular pressure by several methods and check the boundaries of the visual field. For patients with refractive diseases (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism), refraction is measured not only with a narrow, but also with a wide pupil.
allows for ultra-fine diagnostics of the state of the optic nerve and diseases of the central zone of the retina. allows you to show the patient the state of his fundus, as well as discuss the features of vascular changes with related specialists - cardiologists, neurologists, endocrinologists. The digital photo slit lamp allows the patient to display a picture of the anterior part of the eye before and after surgical treatment. A non-contact optical biometer measures the parameters of the eyeball and automatically calculates artificial lenses for a given refractive result. Each disease requires an individual approach and the use of special equipment, just like each patient needs special care and attention.
Prices for diagnostic services of an ophthalmologist "CM-Clinic" (Moscow)
| Name of service |
Price, rub.)* |
| Standard ophthalmological examination (autorefractometry, visometry, pneumotonometry, biomicroscopy of the anterior part of the eye, fundus biomicroscopy with a narrow pupil, total perimetry, ophthalmologist consultation) | RUB 3,470 |
| Extended ophthalmological examination (autorefractometry, visometry, tonometry, computer perimetry and / or contact (non-contact) biometry, fundus ophthalmoscopy in conditions of mydriasis (in the absence of contraindications), consultation of the office | RUB 4,830 |
| Optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve (1 eye) | RUB 1,790 |
| Examination of the fundus on the Fundus camera (1 eye) | RUB 1,790 |
| Fundus fluorescence angiography (1 eye) | RUB 3,470 |
| Fundus examination with an ophthalmochromoscope (color) | RUB 840 |
| Examination of visual acuity with spherical lens correction | 740 RUB |
| Binocular vision research | 320 RUB |
| Pachymetry / Computerized perimetry | 630/1050 rub. |
| Ophthalmometry / Computer ophthalmotonometry | 370/580 rub. |
| Ophthalmoscopy with aspherical lens (1 eye) | 370 rbl. |
Many diseases can be prevented if they are identified in a timely manner. The same goes for the visual system - the sooner problems are identified, the better. By the way, modern vision diagnostics even contributes to this. Neither serious diseases nor latent pathologies can slip past the perfect equipment ...
Why do you need to follow the recommendations of the ophthalmologists and get checked at least once a year?
Probably not because of "nothing to do" ophthalmologists all over the world trumpet: "Check your eyesight at least once a year! Especially if you are in any risk group! ". They worry about the health of every person. Indeed, today, in the age of an innovative industry, vision problems are taking on massive proportions. The helpers for this are televisions, computers, our carelessness, laziness and many other things.
Meanwhile, as world practice shows, preventive examination allows:
- Reveal hidden pathologies.
- Diagnose significant vision problems.
- Choose the right means of correction.
- Timely prescribe adequate treatment: medicines, apparatus, surgery.
- Significantly reduce the side effects of treatment.
But, alas and ah, a small number of people listen to the recommendations of ophthalmologists. Basically, they ask for help when even the operation does not guarantee a successful outcome. After all, the reasons for loss of vision can be different. For example, in case of cataract it decreases due to lens opacity, in glaucoma - due to circulatory disorders and increased intraocular pressure, etc.
In any case, these and other diseases without timely detection and treatment can lead to significant loss of vision, and often to complete darkness, i.e. blindness ...
What is a complete diagnostic examination?
In many clinics, they limit themselves to a simple check using Sivtsev's tables. But this may not always reflect the true picture of the state of the visual system. Therefore, you need to insist on a comprehensive check.
If there is no opportunity for it in the polyclinic at the place of residence, then you can take a free referral to an ophthalmological center or use paid services.
Comprehensive vision diagnostics includes:
- Measuring visual acuity.
- Determination of refraction of the eye.
- Measurement of intraocular pressure.
- Biomicroscopy (examination of the eyeball through a microscope).
- Pachymetry (measuring the depth of the cornea).
- Echobiometry (measurement of the length of the eye).
- Ultrasound of the internal structures of the eye, including opaque ones.
- Computerized keratotopography.
- Diagnostics of hidden pathologies.
- Determination of the level of production of tears.
- Visual field check.
- Study of changes in the retina (with a wide pupil), optic nerve.
Such diagnostics allows you to identify all the features of the visual system and the reasons for visual impairment. Prediction of the outcome of a particular treatment also depends on the results.
Comprehensive vision diagnostics helps to detect diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and rheumatism at the initial stages of development. And also tuberculosis, cervical osteochondrosis, thyroid problems and many other diseases.
How is a comprehensive examination carried out?
Typically, the diagnosis of vision in children and adults begins with checklists. They may contain letters, pictures and other signs.
Additionally, a check can be carried out on an autorefractometer - a device that automatically determines the refraction of the eye and the parameters of the cornea and immediately gives the result.
If vision problems are identified, the ophthalmologist will begin to select the lenses of the required optical power. For this, special glasses can be used, where test glasses are inserted, or a phoropter, a device where the lenses change automatically.
Intraocular pressure is measured using a tonometer. If glaucoma is suspected, computer perimetry is additionally performed - checking the field of vision.
The anterior segment of the eye (eyelashes, eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, etc.) is examined using a biomicroscope. This is necessary to assess the condition of the cornea, check for scars on it, opacity in the lens, etc.
A complete picture of the state of the eye is obtained by examining the fundus through the dilated pupil. This allows you to establish whether there are changes in the retina, what is the state of the optic nerve, etc.
Pachymetry allows you to calculate the maximum depth of the cornea permissible for laser exposure. And in cases of a high degree of myopia, it helps to establish how complete the correction can be carried out and which method is best for this to choose.
And if you need topography and the refractive power of the cornea, then a keratotopograph will come to the rescue. It can be used to examine individual optical defects of the cornea. Such diagnostics lasts only a few seconds, but during this time its entire surface has time to be scanned.
The information obtained from the keratotopograph is also necessary for performing laser refraction correction. Indeed, in the course of its implementation, a direct effect is exerted on the cornea. At the same time, the machine provides results in the form of digital data, which allows predicting visual acuity after laser correction. In general, diagnostics using a keratotopograph helps to identify the initial signs of keratoconus (changes in the shape of the cornea) and many of its other diseases.
Echobiometry measures the length of the eyeball, the size of the lens and the depth of the anterior chamber. Wave aberrometry - to measure the optical system of the eye, to reveal all deviations from the norm on the retina and its other structures.
Why is it important to examine children in a timely manner (video):
A comprehensive examination allows you to more fully cover the human visual system, identify its features and weaknesses, and, of course, prescribe the most effective treatment. Do you agree? With you the answer in the comments!
Vision diagnostics- this is an important stage in the prevention of eye diseases and maintaining good vision for many years! Timely detection of ophthalmic pathology is the key to successful treatment of many eye diseases. As our practice shows, the occurrence of eye diseases is possible at any age, so everyone needs to undergo a high-quality ophthalmological examination at least once a year.
Why is a complete vision diagnosis necessary?
Diagnostics of vision is necessary not only to identify primary ophthalmic pathology, but also to resolve the issue of the possibility and feasibility of carrying out a particular operation, the choice of treatment tactics for the patient, as well as accurate diagnosis of the state of the organ of vision in a dynamic aspect. In our clinic, a complete ophthalmological examination is carried out using the most modern diagnostic equipment.
Vision diagnostics cost
The cost of a diagnostic examination (vision diagnosis) depends on its volume. For the convenience of patients, we have formed complexes in accordance with common eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, myopia, hyperopia, fundus pathology.
| Service code | Service name | Qty. services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| A02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A02.26.013 | Code: А02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| A02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A03.26.018 | Code: A03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Code: А12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.009 | Code: B01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty. services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| A02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A02.26.013 | Refraction determination with trial lens set, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| A02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A03.26.003.001 | Code: А03.26.003.001 |
1 | 1 950 ₽ |
| A03.26.018 | Fundus biomicroscopy (central zone), 2 eyes Code: A03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Narrow pupil autorefractometry, 2 eyes Code: А12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.009 | Ophthalmologist consultation Code: B01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty. services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| B01.029.001.009 | Ophthalmologist consultation Code: B01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.010 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist (surgeon) Code: B01.029.001.010 |
1 | 1 700 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.011 | Consultation with an anesthesiologist Code: B01.029.001.011 |
1 | 1,000 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.012 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist (vitreoretinologist) Code: B01.029.001.012 |
1 | 1 100 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.013 | Consultation of a candidate of medical sciences Code: B01.029.001.013 |
1 | 2 200 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.014 | Consultation of a Doctor of Medical Sciences Code: B01.029.001.014 |
1 | 2 750 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.015 | Professor's consultation Code: B01.029.001.015 |
1 | 3 300 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.016 | Consultation of Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences Kurenkov V.V. Code: B01.029.001.016 |
1 | 5 500 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty. services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| A02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A02.26.009 | Color sensing study, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.009 |
1 | 200 ₽ |
| A02.26.010 | Strabismus angle measurement, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.010 |
1 | 450 ₽ |
| A02.26.013 | Refraction determination with trial lens set, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| A02.26.013.001 | Determination of refraction with a set of trial lenses under cycloplegia, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.013.001 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A02.26.015.001 | Ophthalmotonometry (iCare device), 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015.001 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A02.26.015.002 | Daily tonometry with iCare expert tonometer (1 day) Code: А02.26.015.002 |
1 | 1 850 ₽ |
| A02.26.015.003 | Ophthalmotonometry (IOP according to Maklakov), 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015.003 |
1 | 450 ₽ |
| A02.26.020 | Schirmer test Code: А02.26.020 |
1 | 600 ₽ |
| A02.26.023 | Accommodation study, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.023 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A02.26.024 | Determination of the nature of vision, heterophoria, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.024 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A03.26.012 | Examination of the posterior corneal epithelium, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.012 |
1 | 600 ₽ |
| A03.26.002 | Gonioscopy, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.002 |
1 | 850 ₽ |
| A03.26.003 | Examination of the fundus periphery using a Goldman three-mirror lens, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.003 |
1 | 1 950 ₽ |
| A03.26.003.001 | Examination of the fundus periphery using a lens, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.003.001 |
1 | 1 950 ₽ |
| A03.26.011 | Keratopachymetry, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.011 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.005 | Biomicrograph of the eye and its accessory apparatus, 1 eye Code: A03.26.005 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.005.001 | Fundus biomicrograph using fundus camera, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.005.001 |
1 | 1 600 ₽ |
| A03.26.018 | Fundus biomicroscopy (central zone), 2 eyes Code: A03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| A03.26.019 | Optical examination of the retina using a computer analyzer (one eye), 1 eye Code: A03.26.019 |
1 | 1 650 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.001 | Optical examination of the anterior part of the eye using a computer analyzer (one eye), 1 eye Code: А03.26.019.001 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.002 | Optical examination of the posterior part of the eye using a computer analyzer in angiography mode (one eye), 1 eye Code: А03.26.019.002 |
1 | 2 500 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.003 | Optical examination of the optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer using a computer analyzer, 1 eye Code: А03.26.019.003 |
1 | 2 000 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.004 | Optical examination of the posterior segment of the eye (optic nerve) using a computer analyzer, 1 eye Code: А03.26.019.004 |
1 | 3 100 ₽ |
| A03.26.020 | Computer perimetry (screening), 2 eyes Code: A03.26.020 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A03.26.020.001 | Computer perimetry (screening + thresholds), 2 eyes Code: А03.26.020.001 |
1 | 1 850 ₽ |
| A04.26.002 | Ultrasound examination of the eyeball (B-scan), 2 eyes Code: А04.26.002 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A04.26.004.001 | Ultrasound eye biometry (A-method), 2 eyes Code: А04.26.004.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A04.26.004.002 | Ultrasound biometry of the eye with the calculation of the optical power of the IOL, 2 eyes Code: А04.26.004.002 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A05.26.007 | Optical biometrics of the eye, 2 eyes Code: А05.26.007 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A12.26.007 | Load-unloading tests for the study of the regulation of intraocular pressure, 2 eyes Code: А12.26.007 |
1 | 400 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Narrow pupil autorefractometry, 2 eyes Code: А12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A12.26.018 | Video keratotopography, 2 eyes Code: А12.26.018 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A23.26.001 | Selection of spectacle vision correction, 2 eyes Code: А23.26.001 |
1 | 1 100 ₽ |
| A23.26.001.001 | Selection of spectacle vision correction (with cycloplegia) Code: А23.26.001.001 |
1 | 1 550 ₽ |
| A23.26.001.002 | Selection of spectacle vision correction (when undergoing a comprehensive examination) Code: А23.26.001.002 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A23.26.001.003 | Selection of spectacle vision correction (with cycloplegia when undergoing a comprehensive examination) Code: А23.26.001.003 |
1 | 850 ₽ |
| A25.26.001 | Prescription of drugs for diseases of the organ of vision Code: А25.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| B01.029.002 | Appointment (examination, consultation) of an ophthalmologist repeated Code: B01.029.002 |
1 | 850 ₽ |
| DU-OFT-004 | Learning how to use the MCL Code: DU-OFT-004 |
1 | 1,500 ₽ |
| DU-OFT-005 | Determining the dominant eye Code: DU-OFT-005 |
1 | 400 ₽ |
What tests are included in a complete diagnostic examination of the visual system and what are they?
Any ophthalmological examination begins, first of all, with a conversation, identifying complaints from the patient and taking anamnesis. And only after that do they switch to hardware methods for examining the organ of vision. The hardware diagnostic examination includes the determination of visual acuity, the study of the patient's refraction, measurement of intraocular pressure, examination of the eye under a microscope (biomicroscopy), pachymetry (measurement of the thickness of the cornea), echobiometry (determination of the length of the eye), ultrasound examination of the eye (B-scan), computer keratotopography and thorough (fundus) with a wide pupil, determination of the level of tear production, assessment of the patient's field of vision. When ophthalmic pathology is detected, the scope of the examination is expanded for a specific study of clinical manifestations in a particular patient. Our clinic is equipped with modern, highly professional ophthalmological equipment from such companies as ALCON, Bausch & Lomb, NIDEK, Zeiss, Rodenstock, Oculus, which allows us to conduct research of any level of complexity.
In our clinic, special tables with pictures, letters or other signs are used to determine the patient's visual acuity and refraction. Using the automatic phoropter NIDEK RT-2100 (Japan), the doctor, alternately changing the diopter glasses, selects the most optimal lenses that provide the best vision for the patient. In our clinic, we use NIDEK SCP - 670 halogen sign projectors with 26 test charts and analyze the result obtained under conditions of a narrow and wide pupil. A computer study of refraction is carried out on a NIDEK ARK-710A autorefkeratometer (Japan), which allows the most accurate determination of the refraction of the eye and the biometric parameters of the cornea.
Intraocular pressure is measured using a non-contact tonometer NIDEK NT-2000. If necessary, the measurement of intraocular pressure is carried out by a contact method - with Maklakov or Goldman tonometers.
To study the state of the anterior segment of the eye (eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens, etc.), a slit lamp NIDEK SL-1800 (biomicroscope) is used. On it, the doctor assesses the condition of the cornea, as well as deeper structures such as the lens and vitreous humor.
All patients undergoing a complete ophthalmological examination are required to examine the fundus, including areas of its extreme periphery, under conditions of maximum pupil dilation. This allows you to identify dystrophic changes in the retina, diagnose its breaks and subclinical detachments - a pathology that is not clinically determined by the patient, but requires mandatory treatment. To dilate the pupils (mydriasis), quick and short-acting drugs (Midrum, Midriacil, Cyclomed) are used. If changes in the retina are detected, we prescribe a prophylactic laser coagulation using a special laser. Our clinic uses the best and most modern models: YAG laser, diode laser NIDEK DC-3000.
One of the important methods for diagnosing a patient's vision before any refractive surgery for vision correction is computerized corneal topography, aimed at examining the surface of the cornea and its pachymetry - measuring the thickness.
One of the anatomical manifestations of refractive errors (myopia) is a change in the length of the eye. This is one of the most important indicators, which in our clinic is determined by a non-contact method using the IOL MASTER device from ZEISS (Germany). This is a combined biometric device, the research results of which are also important for calculating the IOL for cataract. With the help of this device, during one session, the length of the axis of the eye, the radius of curvature of the cornea and the depth of the anterior chamber of the eye are measured directly one after the other. All measurements are carried out using a non-contact method, which is extremely comfortable for the patient. Based on the measured values, the built-in computer can suggest the optimal intraocular lenses. The basis for this is the valid international calculation formulas.
Ultrasound examination is an important addition to the generally recognized clinical methods of ophthalmic diagnostics; it is a well-known and informative instrumental method. This study makes it possible to obtain information about the topography and structure of normal and pathological changes in the tissues of the eye and orbit. The A-method (one-dimensional imaging system) measures the thickness of the cornea, the depth of the anterior chamber, the thickness of the lens and inner membranes of the eye, as well as the length of the eye. The B-method (two-dimensional imaging system) allows you to assess the state of the vitreous body, diagnose and assess the height and prevalence of choroid and retinal detachment, identify and determine the size and localization of ocular and retrobulbar neoplasms, as well as detect in the eye and determine the location of a foreign body.
Examination of visual fields
Another of the necessary methods for diagnosing vision is the study of visual fields. The purpose of determining the field of view (perimetry) is:
- diagnosis of eye diseases, in particular glaucoma
- dynamic observation for the prevention of the development of eye diseases.
Also, using the hardware technique, it is possible to measure the contrast and threshold sensitivity of the retina. These studies provide an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment of a number of eye diseases.
In addition, other parametric and functional data of the patient are investigated, for example, the determination of the level of tear production. The most diagnostically sensitive functional studies are used - Schirmer's test, Norn's test.
Optical tomography of the retina
Another modern method of studying the inner lining of the eye is. This unique technique allows you to get an idea of the structure of the retina throughout its depth, and even measure the thickness of its individual layers. With its help, it became possible to identify the earliest and smallest changes in the structure of the retina and optic nerve that are not available to the resolving abilities of the human eye.
The principle of operation of an optical tomograph is based on the phenomenon of light interference, which means that the patient is not exposed to any harmful radiation during the study. The examination takes several minutes, does not cause visual fatigue and does not require direct contact of the device sensor with the eye. Similar devices for the diagnosis of vision are available only in large clinics in Russia, Western Europe and the United States. The study provides valuable diagnostic information about the structure of the retina in diabetic macular edema and makes it possible to accurately formulate a diagnosis in difficult cases, as well as to obtain a unique opportunity to observe the dynamics of treatment based not on the subjective impression of the doctor, but on clearly defined digital values of the retinal thickness.
The study provides comprehensive information about the state of the optic nerve and the thickness of the layer of nerve fibers around it. Highly accurate measurement of the latter parameter ensures that the earliest signs of this formidable disease are detected, even before the patient has noticed the first symptoms. Taking into account the ease of implementation and the absence of unpleasant sensations during the examination, we recommend repeating control examinations on the scanner for glaucoma every 2-3 months, for diseases of the central retinal zone - every 5-6 months.
Re-examination allows you to determine the activity of the pathology, to clarify the correctness of the chosen treatment, as well as to correctly inform the patient about the prognosis of the disease, which is especially important for patients suffering from macular holes, since the likelihood of a similar process in a healthy eye can be predicted after examination on a tomograph. Early, "preclinical" diagnosis of fundus changes in diabetes mellitus is also within the power of this amazing apparatus.
What Happens After Completing Hardware Research?
After completing the apparatus examinations (diagnostics of vision), the doctor carefully analyzes and interprets all the information received about the state of the patient's organ of vision and, on the basis of the data obtained, makes a diagnosis, on the basis of which a patient's treatment plan is drawn up. All research results and treatment plan are explained to the patient in detail.
Ophthalmology has hundreds of eye diseases. The most common methods for diagnosing the most common human eye diseases are described here.
Ophthalmologists pay special attention to identifying early signs of eye diseases. The importance of early diagnosis of pathological changes in the eyes can hardly be overestimated, since success in the treatment of eye diseases largely depends on the timing of its detection, namely, detection at the stage of reversible changes.
Diagnosis of eye diseases is carried out by an ophthalmologist in a specially equipped ophthalmological office.
There are serious eye diseases that have a significant effect on vision. These are cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, a number of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases is the main way to prevent partial loss of vision and sometimes blindness.
Modern ophthalmology allows you to perform all the necessary studies to make an accurate diagnosis, among such studies:
- determination of visual acuity (by computer and subjective method);
- examination and determination of the state of the anterior segment of the eyeball;
- measurement of intraocular pressure;
- fundus examination;
- computerized keratotopography (examination of the cornea for accurate diagnosis of astigatism and keratoconus);
- fluorescent digital angiography - computer images of the fundus and examination of retinal vessels for selective treatment of retinal lesions (diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, etc.);
- complex of electrophysiological studies;
- a complex of laboratory studies for preoperative preparation.
Special means for diagnosing eye diseases include: computed tomography of the eye, computer perimetry, ultrasound examination of the eye, topography of the fundus, tonography, determination of color vision, gonioscopy, skiascopy.
Modern diagnostic tools in ophthalmology contribute not only to the formulation of an accurate diagnosis, but also make it possible to monitor and effectively manage the process of treating diseases.
Eye examination methods in ophthalmology
A comprehensive examination by an ophthalmologist includes the following procedures:
Visometry- This is the definition of distance vision acuity. In this case, the patient looks at a table with letters, numbers or other signs and names the objects that the ophthalmologist points to. Determination of visual acuity is carried out first without correction, then, if there are violations, with correction (using a special frame and lenses). Decreased vision is an important symptom in the diagnosis of eye diseases.
Tonometry is a measurement of intraocular pressure. It can be carried out in several ways (using a pneumotonometer, weights (according to Maklakov), palpation, etc.). This procedure is mandatory for people over 40 years old, because it is after 40 years that the risk of developing glaucoma increases significantly, and this study is aimed at identifying it.
Refractometry is the definition of the optical power of the eye (refraction). The procedure is currently carried out on automatic refractometers, which greatly facilitates the work of an ophthalmologist and saves the patient's time. With the help of this method, refractive errors are diagnosed: myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.
Color vision research- this is this method of examining the eyes, carried out using special tables (Rabkin tables) and serves to determine such violations of color vision as protanopia, deuteranopia or color weakness (types of color blindness).
Perimetry is the definition of a person's peripheral vision. The procedure is carried out on special devices, which are a hemisphere, on the inner surface of which light signals are projected. This is an important method for diagnosing eye diseases such as glaucoma, partial atrophy of the optic nerve, etc.
Biomicroscopy is a method of examining the anterior segment of the eye using a slit lamp (special microscope). With the help of biomicroscopy, an ophthalmologist can see at high magnification such eye tissues as the conjunctiva, cornea, as well as deep-lying structures - this is the iris, lens, vitreous body.
Ophthalmoscopy- This is a study that allows the doctor to see the fundus (inner surface of the eye) - this is the retina, blood vessels. It is one of the most common and important methods in the diagnosis of eye diseases. The procedure is carried out non-contact, using a special device - an ophthalmoscope or lens.
Where to get eye diagnostics
Despite the large number of ophthalmological centers, not all of them have all the necessary equipment and specialists who are able to work on it and correctly interpret the results. One of the few institutions that have the most modern equipment and world-class specialists is the Moscow Eye Clinic. Along with this, affordable prices and impeccable service make this eye clinic one of the best in Russia.
Ophthalmometry- This is the definition of the refractive power of the cornea in different meridians. In this way, the degree of corneal astigmatism can be determined. The study is carried out using a special device - an ophthalmometer.
Determination of the angle of strabismus- this is a fairly simple procedure, as an example, the Grishberg method can be cited - the patient looks through the ophthalmoscope, and the doctor monitors the reflection of light on his cornea and, depending on this, determines the angle of strabismus.
Probing (bougienage) of the lacrimal canals is a procedure carried out for medicinal purposes, more often in infants, but also in older people, who often have narrowing of the lacrimal openings. It is performed under local anesthesia using special expansion probes.
Rinsing the lacrimal canals- this procedure is carried out for diagnostic purposes if there is a suspicion of obstruction of the lacrimal ducts. It can also be carried out for medicinal purposes. Special cannulas are inserted into the lacrimal openings on the eyelid, to which a syringe with a solution is attached. With the patency of the lacrimal passages, the liquid from the syringe enters the nasal cavity, but if there is an obstruction of the lacrimal passages, the liquid pours out or does not pass at all.
As a rule, these methods are quite enough for the diagnosis of the most common eye diseases (for example, myopia, conjunctivitis, cataracts, etc.). However, if an ophthalmologist has doubts about the diagnosis, then he can use additional methods for diagnosing eye diseases, which require special equipment and are carried out in specialized ophthalmological centers or departments.
Special methods used in the diagnosis of eye diseases
Campimetry- This is the definition of the central field of view, often in color. The device for carrying out this study is called a campimeter and is a special 2x2 meter screen, on which markers are presented to the patient (alternately with the right and left eyes). This method can be used to diagnose eye diseases such as glaucoma, retinal and optic nerve diseases.
Ultrasound examination of the eyeball (ultrasound)- This is a fairly common research method that has gained popularity due to its efficiency, lack of complications and information content. This study is used to diagnose eye diseases such as retinal detachment, neoplasms of the eye and orbit, and a foreign body.
Electrophysiological study (EPI)- this allows you to assess the state of the retina, optic nerve, cerebral cortex. Those. functions of the entire nervous tissue of the visual apparatus. This method has found wide application in the diagnosis of diseases of the retina and optic nerve.
Tonography is the registration of intraocular pressure (IOP) in dynamics. The procedure takes about 4-5 minutes, but during this time, important information about the outflow can be obtained.
Keratotopogram is a study showing the surface of the cornea, its "topographic map". The study is carried out before laser surgery on the cornea, if keratoconus and keratoglobus are suspected.
Pachymetry- This is the definition of the thickness of the cornea. This study is mandatory for laser surgery.
Fluorescent angiography- This is one of the methods that shows the state of the retinal vessels. The study is carried out by intravenous administration of a contrast agent and a series of images in the vessels of the retina.
Eyelash test for demodex- This procedure is a collection of eyelashes followed by examination under a microscope. Depending on the number of mites detected, the diagnosis of the disease "demodicosis" is made.
OTS (optical coherence tomography) is an optical coherence tomography. Used to assess the condition of the retina and optic nerve. It is used in eye examination for diseases such as dystrophies and retinal detachments, glaucoma, and optic nerve diseases.
Gonioscopy is a procedure in which an ophthalmologist examines the angle of the anterior chamber using a special lens. The study is carried out during examination for glaucoma.
Schirmer test- This is a study that allows you to determine the production of tears. A special paper strip is placed behind the patient's lower eyelid, after which it is determined how much it is saturated with a tear. This test is performed for a disease such as dry eye syndrome.
Fundus examination with a Goldmann lens is a method used to assess the peripheral parts of the retina, which are not visible during a routine examination of the fundus. It is used to diagnose eye diseases such as retinal detachment and degeneration.
Save on social networks:Most often, the retina of the eye is exposed to inflammatory or dystrophic pathological processes. Diseases of this part of the eyeball can be hereditary, but they are often associated with the influence of external factors, that is, they are acquired in nature. Usually, damage to the retina occurs as a result of a traumatic effect on the eye itself or its environment. The presence of concomitant systemic pathology (cardiovascular, endocrine) can have a significant impact on the condition of the eye itself. Sometimes the retina is damaged as a result of tumor growth or other neoplasms.
To diagnose pathologies directly affecting the retina, it is necessary to conduct a complex of examinations and a thorough examination.
Basic principles of diagnostics for retinal pathology
- The patient should be examined for visual acuity. In this case, the doctor establishes the safety of the function of the central regions, which can be affected by pathology of the retina.
- It is imperative to measure the level of intraocular pressure.
- All patients are determined by the boundaries of the visual field. For this, computer perimetry is often used. This test helps diagnose peripheral retinal lesions.
- Electrophysiological examination of the patient helps to establish the preservation of the function of the optic nerve, to determine the viability of retinal cells and the neurons themselves.
- In the course of direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy, the doctor examines the features of the fundus, based on the examination, it is possible to establish the areas of retinal rupture, as well as their number and tendency to detachment. In addition, it is possible to determine the relationship of the exfoliation area with the vitreous substance, to reveal the fate of thinning, since it is they that require special attention during the surgical treatment of the eyes.
Diagnostic methods for diseases of the retina
Patients with suspected retinal pathology undergo the following studies:
- Determination of the patient's visual acuity.
- The study of contrast sensitivity, which with high accuracy allows you to judge the state of the central macular zone.
- Study of color perception, as well as color thresholds.
- Ophthalmoscopy.
- Perimetry, the purpose of which is to determine the boundaries of the field of view.
- Electrophysiological examination techniques.
- Fluorescence angiography, which allows you to thoroughly study the pathology of the vascular system of the eye.
- Optical coherence tomography is aimed at qualitatively determining the pathology of the retina, as well as the severity of the process.
- Fundus photography is carried out to register pathological changes that can be assessed over time.
Retina diagnostics cost
- Initial consultation with a retinal specialist (laser surgeon) - 3 000 rub.
- Repeated consultation with a retinal specialist (laser surgeon) - 1 000 rub.
- Fundus examination with a narrow pupil - 1 000 rub.
- Examination of the large bottom with a wide pupil - 1 200 rub.
- Amsler test (for macular degeneration) - 500 rub.
- Electrophysiological examination of the retina and optic nerve (CFFSM) - 500 rub.
- Ultrasound of the eyeball - 1 500 rub.
- Optical coherence tomography of the retina - 2 000 rub.
Above are the prices for the main diagnostic services of our ophthalmological center at the time of publication of the material. You can clarify the exact cost of services and make an appointment by calling the phones listed on our website.
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