Anthropogenic impact on nature presentation. Presentation of the influence of anthropogenic factors on the environment. Human impact on the environment

Any human impact on living things
organisms, the entire environment - this
anthropogenic factors. They can be divided into
three groups.

First

factors that have a direct impact
on the environment as a result of suddenly
starting,
intense
And
short-term activities.
For example: laying a road or railway through
taiga, seasonal commercial hunting in a certain area, etc.

Second

Indirect impact through economic
activities of a long-term nature and
low intensity.
For example: environmental pollution by gaseous and
liquid emissions from a plant built near a laid
railway without the necessary treatment facilities,
leading to gradual drying out of trees and slow
heavy metal poisoning of animals inhabiting
the surrounding taiga.

Third

The complex impact of the above factors, leading to
slow but significant changes in the environment (growth
population, increase in the number of domestic animals and animals,
accompanying human settlements - crows, rats, mice, etc.,
transformation of land, the appearance of impurities in water, etc.). IN
As a result, only plants and animals remain in the changed landscape,
managed to adapt to the new state of life.
For example: coniferous trees are replaced in the taiga by small-leaved trees
breeds The place of large ungulates and predators is taken by taiga
rodents and small mustelids that hunt them, etc.

Human impact on the environment

Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere;
Discharges of pollutants into surface and underground
water bodies;
Contamination of subsoil, soils;
Disposal of industrial and consumer waste
Deforestation;

Anthropogenic factors

Physical: use of nuclear energy, travel on trains and
airplanes, the influence of noise and vibration
Chemical: use of pesticides, contamination of shells
Lands with industrial and transport waste
Biological: food products, organisms for which humans
may be a habitat or food source
Social: related to relationships between people and life in society

Ingestion of pollutants into the human body

How to improve the health of the environment?

According to researchers, even the preservation of biological
diversity is not enough to ensure a healthy environment. She can
be unfavorable for a person's life under his previous
biodiversity, but strong radiation, chemical and other
types of pollution. There is an obvious connection between the health of nature and humans
and the degree of influence of anthropogenic factors. To reduce them
negative impact, it is necessary to form a new attitude towards
environment, responsibility for a prosperous existence
wildlife and biodiversity conservation.

The main organizational and technological methods of combating air pollution are as follows:

Reducing the number of power plants (TPP - thermal) due to
construction of more powerful ones equipped with the latest systems
purification and disposal of gas and dust emissions;
Cleaning coal before it reaches thermal power plants;
Replacing coal and fuel oil at thermal power plants with environmentally friendly fuel - gas;
Regulation of internal combustion engines in cars,
installing special catalysts on them for
neutralization of carbon monoxide, replacing harmful ethyl gasoline,
air pollutant lead, which is less environmentally harmful.
Of particular importance in purifying atmospheric air is
landscaping of cities and villages, in industrial zones.

1 slide

State Budgetary Educational Institution Gymnasium No. 513 of the Nevsky District of St. Petersburg

2 slide

“Anthropogenic human activity is a factor changing nature” Authors: students of grades 7-2 Ivanova Ekaterina Rasulov Timur

3 slide

According to Article 11 of the Law “On Environmental Protection” - “Every citizen has the right to health protection from the adverse effects of the natural environment caused by economic or other activities, accidents, catastrophes, and natural disasters.”

4 slide

A comprehensive assessment of the environmental situation in Russia using cartography showed that more than 40% of the country’s territory belongs to very high, high and medium levels of environmental stress.

5 slide

Types of negative impact on the environment: emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere; discharges of pollutants into surface and underground water bodies; pollution of subsoil and soil; disposal of industrial and consumption waste; environmental pollution by noise, heat, electromagnetic, ionizing and other types of physical influences; other types of negative impact on the environment.

6 slide

Anthropogenic factors: Physical: the use of nuclear energy, travel on trains and planes, the influence of noise and vibration Chemical: the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, pollution of the Earth's shells with industrial and transport waste Biological: food; organisms for which a person can be a habitat or a source of food Social: related to the relationships of people and life in society.

7 slide

8 slide

Radioactive waste Anthropogenic sources of ionizing radiation are nuclear explosions, nuclear energy, including facilities for the processing and disposal of its waste, fluoroscopy installations in industry and medicine, thermal power devices running on coal.

Slide 9

There are 9 nuclear power plants operating in Russia. One of the most pressing environmental problems in the country is the problem of radioactive waste. Not a single nuclear power plant has a complete set of installations for preparing waste for disposal.

10 slide

The average exposure of the population in Russia and the CIS countries is 1.7 times higher than the global one due to a higher natural and techno-dependent background.

11 slide

Atmospheric pollution In the global pollution of the Earth's atmosphere, emissions are: dust - 35%, sulfur dioxide - up to 50%, nitrogen oxides - 30-35%. Thermal power plants are the main supplier of sulfur for acid rain.

12 slide

The entry into the atmospheric air of huge volumes of fuel combustion products from boilers, industrial furnaces, as well as exhaust gases from cars changes the composition of the atmospheric air.

Slide 13

As a result of volcanic eruptions, forest fires, the operation of industrial facilities, etc. the air is polluted by products of incomplete combustion. Even after rain, 1 cm2 contains about 30 thousand dust particles, and in dry weather there are several times more of them.

Slide 14

Major air pollutants Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the air. Carbon monoxide - contributes to increasing temperatures on the planet and creating the greenhouse effect. Sulfur dioxide pollutes the atmosphere and causes acid rain. Suspended substances have an irritating effect, affecting mainly the respiratory system.

15 slide

Hydrosphere pollution. Anthropogenic pollution of the hydrosphere has now become global in nature and has significantly reduced the available exploitable fresh water resources on the planet.

16 slide

About 38% of wastewater is classified as polluted. With them, over 700 thousand tons of pollutants were discharged into water bodies: petroleum products, suspended solids, phosphorus, copper, iron and zinc compounds, phenol.

Major air pollutants 1. Aerosols 1. Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the air. 2. Carbon monoxide 2. Carbon monoxide - contributes to an increase in temperature on the planet and the creation of a greenhouse effect. 3. Sulfur dioxide - 3. Sulfur dioxide - polluting the atmosphere, causes acid rain. 4. Suspended substances 4. Suspended substances - have an irritating effect, affecting mainly the respiratory system.

About 1,400 sources of groundwater pollution have been identified in Russia, 80% of which are located in the European part. 75% of the studied water samples were non-standard in taste, 23% of the samples did not meet hygienic requirements for chemical and 11.4% for microbiological indicators. In general, almost half of the country's residents consume poor quality water.

The anthropogenic factor (Greek “anthropos” - man) is the impact of humans on organisms through changes in their habitat, both in the past and in the present, accidentally or systematically. Human activity leads to changes in nature as the habitat of all living organisms.

Anthropogenic impact is the interaction of humans on organisms or their habitat. Man began to influence nature ever since he moved on to hunting and farming. From the middle of the 19th century. Industry began to develop intensively, which led to environmental pollution. By the end of the 20th century. The influence of human activity on the atmosphere, hydrosphere and soil has progressed with the development of various industries, the development of new technologies and the intensification of agriculture. More than 200 million tons of carbon oxide and dioxide, 150 million tons of sulfur dioxide, more than 50 million tons of nitrogen oxides, and approximately the same amount of hydrocarbons enter the atmosphere.

Pollution of seas and oceans, rivers and lakes is caused by the discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater from industry and public utilities. Runoff from agricultural fields carries fertilizers and pesticides into rivers. Water pollution leads to deterioration in the quality of drinking water, which leads to the death of valuable commercial fish and causes significant damage to human health. The entire biosphere is under increasing pressure from various human activities, therefore, in order to preserve life on Earth and create favorable conditions for the existence of living organisms, it is necessary to constantly implement environmental protection measures.

Humanity, having realized the enormous value of life, the catastrophic consequences of nature (the creation of canals, reservoirs, changes in river beds, predatory use of natural resources, destruction of forests, etc.), must become imbued with an understanding of environmental problems and move on to equal cooperation with it. There is a need to create highly productive ecological systems supported by humans, along with the preservation and maintenance of existing ones. It is necessary to combat the predatory use of natural resources, air, soil and water pollution.

Soils, which take hundreds and thousands of years to form, are very sensitive to various types of pollution that accumulate in them. As a result of pollution from industrial and agricultural waste, soils are poisoned and destroyed. To restore soil fertility, work on their reclamation is necessary.

Industrial atmospheric pollution has generated various negative effects, including ozone holes and acid rain, which have a painful impact not only on the economy and economy, but also, first and foremost, on people’s health. As a result of the activities of industrial enterprises, substances alien to nature are released - carcinogens, dangerous to people and all living organisms.

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Anthropogenic impact on nature, grade 8

Measures to combat the negative consequences of human impact on nature Component of nature Negative consequences Control measures Soil Salinization, depletion, waterlogging, increased erosion Land reclamation, introduction of effective agrotechnical measures Vegetation Deforestation, deterioration of pastures, extermination of certain animal species Planting forests, shelter belts, landscaping of populated areas points, introduction of special agricultural technology, improvement of pastures Fauna Extermination of certain species of animals, deterioration of their living conditions Artificial relocation, acclimatization, breeding and restoration of animal species, their protection Land surface waters Water pollution, shallowing of rivers, lakes Construction of wastewater treatment plants and systems Relief Formation of quarries , dumps Land reclamation

Dictation. Continue the post by pointing out the unintended consequences that occur when humans change nature. A slope is plowed to increase the area of arable land →? Draining swamps → ? Creation of a reservoir for the purpose of building a hydroelectric power station, regulating river flow, improving navigation conditions → ?

Distribute impacts on nature into weak and radical ones. Picking berries and mushrooms; Construction of a transport highway; Hunting; Mining Reservoir Creation Timber Harvesting

Reserves near parts of territories or water areas, forever withdrawn from economic use, in which the entire natural complex is preserved in its natural state Barguzinsky, Kedrovaya Pad (1916) Astrakhansky, Ilmensky (1920) Great Arctic Reserve - 4 million km²

Specially protected areas Name Location Features

Specially protected areas Name Location Features Ilmensky reserve Ural, Ilmensky ridge Unique accumulation of minerals (more than 200), rare and precious (topazes, garnets, sapphires) Pechora-Ilychsky reserve of the Northern Urals Western slopes Biosphere reserve: typical and well-preserved taiga territories with permanent monitoring the state of nature “Sounding Mountain” - a natural monument of the Caspian lowland. The mountain makes sounds - “sings”. Air jets rotate rock grains in the cracks of the mountain. The river changes its flow - Volkhov. The Volkhov River flows from Lake Ilmen and flows into Lake Ladoga. The river changes the direction of flow depending on the rainfall in the lower reaches, because. has a very small slope

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

.Study of landforms and assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the area.

The object of the study is the terrain and anthropogenic impact. Subject of research: landforms and local forms of anthropogenic impact...

“Changes in the soils of Baikalsk as a result of anthropogenic impact”

“Changes in the soils of Baikalsk as a result of anthropogenic impact” This work was carried out within the framework of the Tahoe-Baikal Institute program...