Despite the active promotion of safe intimate relationships, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are widespread among the adult population. Latent infections in women, the list of which is given below, are dangerous in their consequences.
Sexual infections are often called latent, since many of them are asymptomatic, they are detected already during a deep examination when obvious complications appear. Most often, STDs are transmitted through unprotected intimate contact, less often - in a household way or through transmission from mother to child during pregnancy.
Common Symptoms
The primary symptoms of an STD in women include:
- itching and burning in the genital area;
- uncharacteristic intimate discharge by smell, color, consistency, quantity;
- discomfort and pain during urination with frequent urge;
- a rash on the genitals;
- discomfort and pain during or after intercourse.
The appearance of these signs is a serious reason for an immediate visit to a doctor for a comprehensive examination.
More complex and delayed symptoms may include:
- violation of the menstrual cycle;
- infertility or miscarriage of a child;
- painful sensations in the small pelvis.
Each of the latent infections also has its own characteristic symptoms, features of the course and a list of serious consequences for the body, spreading not only to the genitourinary system, but also to other systems and organs of the body.
Herpes virus
It is caused by various types of the herpes virus (in particular, Herpes simplex virus 2), which remains in the body forever.
It is impossible to completely cure herpes, it tends to relapse with a sharp decrease in immunity.
It manifests itself as a rash on the skin and mucous membranes of characteristic groups of bubbles.
It manifests itself as discomfort, pain, itching in the perineum, which grow every day, the state of health worsens, the temperature rises, and vaginal discharge becomes more abundant. Then there is a blistering rash on the genitals and around them. After a while, the bubbles burst, the liquid flows out, and scabs remain in their place.
Complications include:
- conjunctivitis,
- keratitis,
- damage to the central nervous system,
- encephalitis,
- meningitis.
Human papillomavirus
The papillomavirus or HPV (HPV) is a family of viruses that leads to the appearance of warts and warts on the skin and mucous membranes.
This disease is characterized by a long and latent course without obvious symptoms. An exacerbation occurs during a period of a sharp decrease in immunity, and is found most often during examinations during pregnancy and for oncological diseases.
It is possible to assume the presence of HPV when warts appear on the body, genital warts and genital warts, in the oral cavity and on the lips, and when cervical erosion is diagnosed.
Possible consequences:
- cervical cancer,
- breast cancer
- other malignant neoplasms.
Gardnerellosis
Bacterial vaginosis or vaginal dysbiosis (dysbiosis) caused by the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis. It is present in the normal microflora of the vagina in small quantities, but during a decrease in immunity and other disorders leading to the death of lactobacilli lactobacilli, it begins to multiply uncontrollably.
Typical symptoms:
- Abundant discharge of white or gray with an unpleasant odor, sometimes of a frothy consistency. Over time, they can turn yellow-green, thick and sticky.
- Pain, burning, and itching that are worse during intercourse.
Complications:
- urethritis,
- inflammation of the vagina,
- inflammation of the uterus, its appendages and cervix,
- miscarriage,
- premature birth.
Candidiasis
The common household name is thrush, caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (Candida albicans).
These fungi are found in the microflora of the vagina in small quantities, with uncontrolled reproduction they cause vaginal candidiasis.
Typical symptoms:
- white cheesy discharge;
- increasing itching and burning of the genitals;
- painful sensations during intercourse and urination.
It is believed that candidiasis does not pose a delayed threat to a woman's health, but it causes severe discomfort.
Mycoplasmosis
There are no clearly noticeable characteristic symptoms, scanty or abundant transparent vaginal discharge, painful sensations during urination or intimate contact are possible.
Mycoplasmosis provokes diseases:
- urethra,
- vagina,
- appendages,
- cavity and cervix,
- infertility,
- miscarriage,
- polyhydramnios,
- abnormalities in the development of the placenta.
Ureaplasmosis
It is caused by the bacterium Ureaplasma urealyticum (Ureaplasma urealyticum).
It has no specific symptoms, with the exception of transparent vaginal discharge and burning during urination and intercourse, which do not always appear.
Complications:
- inflammation of the fallopian tubes,
- formation of adhesions,
- pathology of pregnancy and fetus,
- stricture (narrowing) of the urethra.
Chlamydia
One of the most common latent infections caused by the intracellular microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis.
In most cases, the course of chlamydia is asymptomatic or with minor complaints of itching and pain when urinating, frequent urge.
At an advanced stage, the following may appear: general malaise, high fever, pain in the lower abdomen, irregularities in the menstrual cycle.
Consequences of latent chlamydia lesion:
- cervix,
- uterus,
- fallopian tubes,
- ovaries,
- peritoneum,
- rectum.
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus is a disease caused by a type of human herpesvirus type 5 called Cytomegalovirus (CMV).
With a strong immune system, the disease is latent, and the virus is in a suppressed state for several years.
The symptomatology of exacerbation of cytomegaly coincides with the symptoms of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections: fever, headache, general weakness, which complicates its diagnosis. The most severe disease occurs in people with weakened immune systems (for example, HIV-infected, cancer patients, or people after organ transplantation).
Complications:
- pneumonia,
- gastroenteritis,
- hepatitis,
- arthritis,
- encephalitis,
- inflammation of the spleen,
- miscarriages,
- intrauterine fetal death,
- premature birth.
Analysis for hidden infections
To diagnose latent infections, the following types of tests are performed:
- General smear - examination of a scraping from the vagina under a microscope.
- Bacteriological (BAC) culture for microflora and antibiotic sensitivity. In a favorable nutrient medium, STD pathogens actively grow, and after a few days a pure culture is formed, on which hypersensitivity to certain drugs can be determined.
- The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is based on the principle of a specific immunological reaction to specific pathogens in a biological material. This is an analysis with a high level of sensitivity, but ELISA detects only the reaction, and not the pathogen itself.
- Immunofluorescence reaction (RIF) - mixing of biological material with special staining reagents and their subsequent study under a fluorescent microscope.
- Polymer chain reaction (PCR) - detection of DNA and RNA of genital infectious agents in a variety of biological material. With its help, not only the causative agent of the infection is determined, but also its quantitative assessment, as well as the duration of the disease, is obtained.
In order for the analyzes to be as reliable as possible, it is advisable to observe the following rules:
The best period for taking biological material from a woman is 5-6 days of the menstrual cycle.
- Stop taking antibiotics, antiviral and antimicrobial drugs 2-3 weeks before the day of the examination.
- Avoid sexual intercourse for 2 days before the test.
- One day before the examination, local contraceptives, antiseptics, intimate hygiene products, and douching cannot be used.
Payment for consumed utilities is mandatory for every homeowner. But not everyone adheres to the payment deadlines, sometimes allowing the accumulation of debt. Of course, they do not think that in some cases it may be necessary to provide a certificate stating that it is not available for this apartment. The information in the certificate of no debt is for informational purposes only, but it can play an important role. Content:
- Information contained in the help
- Where to get help
- What is it for
- Nuances and possible problems
- Video: How to get a certificate of the absence of debt in the office of the ERC
Legislation nowhere has established cases when the owner is obliged to submit it.
The management company does not issue a certificate of family composition
Attention
As usual, you will have to stand in lines, go through a dozen (at least) offices, and pass a lot of all kinds of tests. In a word, it is a tedious and time-consuming occupation. I must say that such a certificate is valid for 72 hours and it often happens that it is already necessary to present it at the place of demand, and the clinic is not yet ready to issue it, because, for example, there is not enough seal or signature.
This is how long-awaited trips to rest or recovery are thwarted. We offer a way out of such a difficult situation - to buy a certificate of no contact with infectious patients. By contacting our company, you can easily and quickly solve all problems with urgent documentation.
Turning to us for help, you can be sure that a certificate of absence of contacts with infectious patients will be issued exactly by the date by which it will be needed.
Certificate of absence of infection at home
All medical documentation issued by us is drawn up strictly in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, meets all accepted regulations and requirements, is sealed with all necessary seals and signatures, and has the same force as a document issued in a district clinic by a local therapist. Epidemiological certificate is valid only for 72 hours! Do not risk entrusting its registration to state clinics. Our company will help you meet the deadline. Everything that is required to issue a certificate of epid.
our environment is to contact our operators, who with
Your words will write down all the information necessary to extract this document. Or you can leave a request online on our website. To do this, you must fill out a special application form.
Get a certificate of absence of rent arrears
Important
When you receive a certificate, carefully check all the information, all amendments must be certified by the organization that issued the document. Where to get A few words about where to get a certificate of absence of rent arrears. To obtain a form, all owners and tenants apply to the accounting department of the management company, the HOA, the settlement center that maintains the residential building.
Before taking a certificate, you need to find out how these organizations work, so as not to waste time in vain. Validity The validity period is determined by the situation of the tenant. But in practice, this time is usually between ten and thirty days.
But when the new deadline for paying utility bills has come, an update is required.
Certificate of the absence of infections in the house on a certificate from a paid mc
The search for the former owner and the collection of debts from him is the business of the management company, which, not wanting to do this, shifts the problems onto the new owner of the apartment. This forces him, in the presence of a significant debt, to enter into legal proceedings. Credit organizations may be asked to attach a certificate to the package of documents for a large loan, as a guarantor of the client's solvency.
Often it is needed when this dwelling is put up as collateral for a loan. The guardianship and trusteeship authorities can request a certificate stating that potential guardians do not have debts for an apartment in a communal apartment. For the judiciary, this document will become additional for the handling of some cases on disputed real estate situations.
Certificate of the absence of infection in the house
Management companies must also send residents forms for housing and communal services by the first day of each month. When the property owner lives elsewhere, he is still obligated to pay utility bills. When buying a secondary home, the person who buys it ascertain that there are no debts.
If the previous owner has debts, then the one who bought the apartment draws up a claim against this citizen. Moreover, he should not look for the previous owner under the current legislation. This should be organized by the management company. When the previous owner is hiding from debt, then such a claim is needed for the upcoming lawsuit.
In case of large debts, the internal affairs bodies join this process. Some people understand that payments on utility bills have a validity period.
Where to get a certificate of absence of rent arrears + sample
The document on the absence of debts is an important document that reproduces the financial relationship between the owner and the management company that maintains and maintains a residential building. It is necessary to pay on time for utility services, so that the absence of debt prevents any conflict situations in the life of a modern city dweller. Legal aspects Article 155 of the Housing Code of Russia states that all residents of multi-storey buildings are obliged to pay for the following services:
- major overhaul;
- utilities;
- maintenance of common property.
Sometimes the time of payments is changed, for this the owners draw up an agreement to change the timing of payments.
Buy a certificate of no contact with infectious patients
Sometimes the time of payments is changed, for this the owners draw up an agreement to change the timing of payments. Management companies must also send residents forms for utility services by the first day of each month. When the property owner lives elsewhere, he is still obligated to pay utility bills. When buying a secondary home, the person who buys it ascertain that there are no debts.
Info
If the previous owner has debts, then the one who bought the apartment draws up a claim against this citizen. Certificate of the absence of infection in the house. In order not to waste time, you can contact a special company in Moscow, which facilitates the quick processing of any medical documents, including certificates of contacts. A huge plus is that you do not need to be tested and sit in long queues full of sick patients.
Price: 700 rub. When the deadlines are tight, it is a hassle and a headache to draw up all the required certificates, you can buy a certificate of contacts with infectious patients in order to deal with the problems as soon as possible. The documents drawn up in our company are legal and executed in accordance with all the requirements, you do not have to worry about their content. Certificate of absence of contact with infectious patients (doctors usually call it - certificate of epid.
environment) may be needed by both adults and children. Usually it is required for registration of a voucher to a sanatorium, a boarding house, a children's camp, when undergoing a medical examination for registration in a preschool institution or a sports section. Like any other similar document, issuing such a certificate in a district clinic is a whole epic.
- If there is a desire to take a small child with you to the health resort, then in addition to the required set of your documents, you will definitely need a certificate of the absence of quarantine in the kindergarten.
All these endless references are needed only for one purpose - to prevent the outbreak and growth of especially dangerous infections. This is especially true in crowded places. Preventing an infection is much easier than trying to stop it later.
Obtain a certificate of absence of rent arrears Legal aspects Article 155 of the Housing Code of Russia states that all residents of multi-storey buildings are obliged to pay for the following services:
- maintenance and repair work of a residential building;
- major overhaul;
- utilities;
- maintenance of common property.
Pay before the tenth day of the current month.
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They include a wide group of diseases caused by specific pathogenic (disease-causing) pathogens and transmitted from an infected individual to a healthy one. The peculiarities of infectious diseases are their contagiousness (infectiousness), the ability to massive epidemic spread, the cyclical course and the formation of post-infectious immunity. However, these features are expressed to varying degrees in different infectious diseases.
Infectious diseases develop as a result of a complex biological process of interaction of a pathogenic microorganism with a susceptible microorganism under certain conditions. In the development of infectious diseases, several periods are distinguished: incubation (hidden), prodromal (precursor period), the period of development of clinical manifestations, the period of the outcome of the disease. The outcome of the infectious process can develop in several ways: convalescence (recovery), lethality, bacterial carriers, transition to a chronic form.
In the middle of the last century, mankind has achieved some success in the fight against certain infections. But, as it turned out, it is too early to celebrate the final victory over such a scourge as infectious diseases. Their list contains more than 1200 items, and is constantly replenished with newly discovered diseases.
How infectious diseases were studied
Mass diseases have been known to man since ancient times. There is evidence that as early as the 5th century BC. philosophers and doctors guessed about the existence of some tiny, invisible living organisms capable of causing diseases characterized by rapid spread and high mortality. During the Middle Ages, however, these materialistic views were forgotten, and outbreaks of mass diseases were explained solely by the punishment of God. But they already knew that the sick should be isolated, and that infected things, buildings and corpses should be destroyed.
Knowledge accumulated gradually, and the middle of the 19th century was marked by the birth of such a science as microbiology. Then the causative agents of many diseases were discovered: cholera, plague, tuberculosis and others. since then they have been allocated to a separate group.
Terminology
The word "infection" in translation from Latin means "pollution", "infection". As a biological concept, this term denotes the penetration of a microscopic causative agent of a disease into a more highly organized organism. It can be either a person or an animal, or a plant. Further, the interaction between the systems of the micro- and macroorganism begins, which, of course, does not occur in isolation, but under specific environmental conditions. This is a very complex biological process, and it is called infectious. As a result of this interaction, the macroorganism is either completely freed from the causative agent of the disease, or dies. The form in which the infectious process manifests itself is a specific infectious disease.
Characteristics common to infectious diseases
We can talk about the onset of an infectious disease if, after a meeting of the pathogen and a macroorganism, in particular a person, a violation of the vital functions of the latter occurs, symptoms of the disease appear, and an increase in the antibody titer occurs in the blood. There are also other forms of infectious processes: a healthy carrier of the virus in the presence of immunity or natural immunity to this disease, chronic infections, slow infections.
In addition to the fact that all infectious diseases begin with pathogenic microorganisms-pathogens, there are other characteristics common to them. Such diseases are contagious, that is, they can be transmitted from a sick person or animal to a healthy one. Under certain conditions, epidemics and pandemics may occur, that is, a massive spread of the disease, and this is already a very serious threat to society.
In addition, infectious diseases, a list of which can be found in any medical reference book, always occur cyclically. This means that in the process of the disease, certain time intervals alternate in turn: the incubation period, the stage of the precursors of the disease, the peak of the disease, the period of recession and, finally, the period of recovery.
The incubation period has no clinical manifestations yet. It is the shorter, the higher the pathogenicity of the pathogen and the higher its dose, and can be as long as several hours, and several months and even years. Harbingers of the disease are the most general and rather vague symptoms, on the basis of which it is difficult to suspect a specific infectious disease. Clinical manifestations typical for her are maximal at the stage of the height of the disease. Further, the disease begins to fade, but relapses are characteristic of some infectious diseases.
Another specific characteristic of infectious diseases is the formation of immunity in the process of the disease.
Causative agents of infectious diseases
The causative agents of infectious diseases are fungi. For the introduction to be successful for a pathogenic microorganism, one meeting of a macro- and a microorganism is not enough. Certain conditions are required. The state of the macroorganism itself and its defense systems are of great importance.
Much also depends on the pathogenicity of the pathogen itself. It is determined by the degree of virulence (toxicity) of the microorganism, its toxigenicity (otherwise, the ability to produce toxins) and aggressiveness. Environmental conditions also play an important role.
Classification of infectious diseases
First of all, infectious diseases can be classified depending on the pathogen. In general, viral, bacterial and fungal infections are isolated. Chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsial, spirochete infections are distinguished separately, although chlamydia, and mycoplasma, and rickettsia, and spirochetes belong to the kingdom of bacteria. Viruses are perhaps the most common pathogens. However, bacteria can cause many ailments. Among the most famous are tonsillitis, meningitis, cholera, plague, bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, and tetanus. Fungal infectious diseases, or mycoses, include candidiasis, dermatophytosis, onychomycosis, lichen.
Most often, infectious diseases are classified according to the place of localization of pathogens, taking into account the mechanism of their transmission, but this applies to those diseases that spread from person to person. Accordingly, intestinal infectious diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route (astrovirus infection, poliomyelitis, cholera, typhoid fever) are isolated. There are infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The method of infection by them is called airborne (ARVI, diphtheria, scarlet fever, flu). Infectious diseases can still be localized in the blood and transmitted through insect bites and medical manipulations. We are talking about injections and blood transfusions. These include hepatitis B, plague. There are also external infections that affect the skin and mucous membranes and are transmitted by contact.
In the process of evolution, each type of causative agent of an infectious disease has its own entry gate of infection. So, a number of microorganisms penetrate the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, others - through the digestive tract, genital tract. It happens, however, that the same pathogen is able to enter the human body simultaneously in different ways. For example, hepatitis B is transmitted through blood, from mother to child, and by contact.
There are three main habitats for infectious diseases. This is the human body, the animal organism and the inanimate environment - soil and water bodies.
Symptoms of Infectious Diseases
Common symptoms of infectious diseases include malaise, headache, pallor, chills, muscle aches, fever, sometimes nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea. In addition to the general symptoms, there are symptoms that are characteristic of only one disease. For example, a meningococcal rash is very specific.
Diagnostics
As for the diagnosis, it should be based on a comprehensive and comprehensive study of the patient. The study includes a detailed and thorough survey, examination of organs and systems, and necessarily an analysis of the results of laboratory tests. Early diagnosis of infectious diseases presents certain difficulties, but it is of serious importance both for the timely adequate treatment of the patient and for the organization of preventive measures.
Treatment
In the treatment of such ailments as infectious diseases, the list of which is so frighteningly extensive, there are several directions. First of all, these are measures aimed at reducing the activity of a pathogenic microorganism and neutralizing its toxins. For this, antibacterial drugs, bacteriophages, interferons and other agents are used.
Secondly, it is necessary to activate the body's defenses by using immunomodulating drugs and vitamins. Treatment must be comprehensive. It is important to normalize the functions of organs and systems impaired by the disease. In any case, the approach to treatment should take into account all the individual characteristics of the patient and the course of his disease.
Prophylaxis
In order to protect yourself and your loved ones as much as possible from such a threat as infectious diseases, the list of which includes diseases of a viral, bacterial and fungal nature, it is necessary to remember about quarantine measures, vaccinations, and strengthening immunity. And sometimes, in order to escape from infection, it is enough to observe basic rules of personal hygiene.
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