Spelling –Н- and –НН- in suffixes various parts speeches
This activity requires knowledge of how words are formed!
Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.
Rule.
Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.
Full adjectives and participles.
Remember! Both parts of speech in initial form answer the question: Which?
Remember!
| unexpectedlyNNth
slowerNNth countryNNth sacredNNth wowNNth checkNNth wishedNNth okayaNNth affairsNNth invisibleNNth unheard ofNNy unexpectedlyNNth unexpectedlyNNth bad luckNNy jamNNth |
rdyaNth
straightNth greenNth sviNOuch barNth siNth blushingNth crimsonNth YuNth smarterNth nameNy (brother) plantingNy (father) |
Distinguish!
Short adjectives and participles.
To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each part of speech.
Nouns and adverbs.
There are as many N written in adverbs as in the words from which they were formed:
looked madly - madly (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage Not perfect form, without prefix and suffixes –OVA/-EVA = mad = mad)
Remember!
Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:
MosheNNik harderNIR
tribeNNik pridaNoh
putNNIR
YesNNIR
lawlessnessNNitza
Algorithm of actions.
1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which –Н- or –НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.
2. Remember if this word is an exception.
3. Think about what word the words being analyzed are formed from.
4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.
Analysis of the task.
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?
His manners were not simple, but rather sophisticated. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble streets, people were always sneaking around. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).
1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1
Manners are (what?) sophistication(1). This is a short adjective as it can be replaced with the full form exquisite. Determining the spelling full form: exquisite derived from the verb find, in which there is a prefix from-. Thus, we write two NNs in both full and short form.
Weak(2)th (which?) streets. This is a full adjective formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes –OVA/-EVA, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N.
The machine is underloaded (3) (what has been done?). This is a short participle because it can be replaced with a verb underloaded. In short participles one N is written.
Thus, correct option– answer No. 4.
Practice.
1. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?
The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh wood, the windows were painted (2) white, a small porch on the side, decorated (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.
The suffixes of Russian adjectives can contain either one letter “n” or two. Confusion with suffixes is considered a serious mistake, and to prevent it, you need to remember just a few rules.
In what cases is it necessary to put “n”, and in what cases - “nn”
First of all, it is necessary to remember that adjectives can be formed from different parts speech - nouns, verbs, participles.
- Almost always, adjectives derived from a perfective verb are given a double suffix “nn” - “folded”, “carried out”. The exception to this rule is the word "wounded".
- Double “nn” in verbal adjectives is placed in the presence of the suffixes “ova” and “eva” - for example, “organized”. Exceptions are the words “chewed” and “forged”, where only one “n” appears.
- Also, “nn” is placed in cases where the adjective has a prefix and is formed from a verb with a prefix. For example, the word “wrapped” comes from the word “wrap up”. Exceptions apply to words with the prefix “not” - “uninvited”, “untrodden” and so on.
- In some phrases, adjectives come with an explanatory word - for example, “potatoes baked in ash.” If there is such an explanation, you need to put the suffix “nn”, but if we are just talking about “baked potatoes”, then the suffix will look like “n”.
- Adjectives formed from a noun can have a stem with an "n" at the end - in this case the suffix will be "nn". The same applies to the presence of the suffixes “onn” and “enn” in so-called denominal adjectives, especially if the adjective with “enn” comes from a noun ending with the syllable “mya” (for example, “time” - “temporary”).
Single spelling "n"
When is there only one letter “n” in a suffix?
- The easiest way to remember the rule regarding short participles is that only one letter “n” is always used here. Examples - completed, installed, finished. Two “n”s in a row are never used in these and similar cases.
- If an adjective is formed from a noun (for example, “clay” from the word “clay”), one letter “n” is placed in the suffixes “an”, “yang” and “in”.
- For adjectives formed by verbs and for full-form participles, the following rule applies - the suffix “n” is placed if there is no reason to put the suffix “nn”. We have listed the rules by which “nn” can be placed above - it won’t take much time to check the word for compliance with them.
Н-НН in adverbs, adjectives and participles, full and short
1. With one letter n are written:
1. Adjectives with a non-derivative base: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in such adjectives. Letter n is part of the root.
2. Denominate adjectives with suffix -n: winter n th(from: winter), years n th(from: summer).
3. Denominate adjectives with suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. meaning “name of material, substance”), and -in: mouse, passerine (adj. meaning “accessories”).
Exception:
wooden, tin, glass write with two letters NN.
4. Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: heat fresh meat .
Exception:
Write with two letters NN words from the list:
given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesied, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unforeseen
Do not confuse:
The list of exceptions does not include words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consistent with the data above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice, uninvited guest,sworn brother.
5. Short adjectives in the masculine singular form: advice is valuable - (m.r.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red), the sun is red, the girls are red.
6. Adverbs on -O And -e formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat.
2. With two letters NN are written:
1. Denominate adjectives with suffix -n, if the root of the noun ends in a letter n:autumn, spring, sleepy.
2. Denominate adjectives with suffixes -enn, -onn: letter, portion.
Exception:
flighty man, windmill , chicken pox , But windless day,leeward side.
3. Verbal adjectives with suffix -nn : korcheva nn y plot, Brakova nnth thing.
Figure out how the word is formed: defective ← reject + NN .
Suffix -nn write in verbal adjectives formed from a generating stem with suffixes: - Eve//-ova,-Eve: uprooted←uproot, formed←form.
It’s easier to remember this way: adjectives on Eve+nn + th,ova +nn +y, eva +nn+ y.
4. Adjectives-exceptions from clauses:
1.3.Exception: wood, tin, glass write with two letters - NN .
1.4.Exception: the, swaggering, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captive, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, embossed, damned, unheard of, unprecedented, inadvertent, unexpected.
5. Passive participles past tense, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written essay, mittens knitted (by whom?) by grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from perfect verbs without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list of words for memorization in item 5 along with other examples).
6. Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters NN(except for the form m.r. singular, in which there is always one letter n): night without moon n a, adviсe prices.
7. Adverbs on -O And -e, formed from adjectives with two letters NN: sincerely, thoughtfully, calmly.
So, in order not to make mistakes in the exam, you need to know all the points. Be sure to include examples, because examples are samples that help you act by analogy.
Do not forget about the exceptions in paragraphs: 1.3., 1.4., 2.2.
Attention:
To expand your language experience, you can refer to the section.
This is a constructor dictionary. Set the parameters you are interested in and get the necessary lists of words.
It is now useful for you to turn to the Correct Dictionary, as well as to the Grammar Dictionary. Don’t forget, you can connect the following parameters: “New”, “Easy”, “Difficult”, “Important”. You can add or, on the contrary, exclude words for grades 5-8. Create your own dictionary configuration on the topic tasks 14.
This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who reread the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Brew yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.
How to reduce the likelihood of correct spelling
Easily. Write at random or because it looks so “beautiful”. Or the first and second at the same time.
How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling
Don't be lazy and don't skip any of the points in the algorithm. Only then will you master the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to the point of automatism.
Aerobatics - determining the quantity n on the run.
You can, but not right away.
Sequencing
To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. This must be done according to the question that we ask by the way.
- Noun - Who? What?
- Adjective - Which?
- Short adjective - what?
- Adverb - How?
- Participle - Which?
- Short participle - what?
- Verbal adjective - Which?
You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?
Adjectives and participles
An adjective is formed from a noun, and a participle is formed from a verb.
Long- it's an adjective because it answers a question Which? and derived from the noun length.
Strewn- this is a participle because it answers a question Which? and is derived from the verb put to sleep.
By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-, -eat-, -om-, -im-. In the past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as additional verification whether you have identified the part of speech correctly.
Participles and verbal adjectives
Now we have another problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from a verb. Both answer the question Which?. How to distinguish them?
Firstly, the verbal adjective is formed from an imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from a perfective verb.
How to determine the type of a verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the form is imperfect (indicates an unfinished action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the perfect form (denotes a completed action).
Secondly, verbal adjectives do not have dependent words.
A dependent word is a word that can be asked a question from the main word.
Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.
Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question Which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfect because it answers a question what to do?.
Loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question Which?; derived from the verb load; this verb is imperfect because it answers a question what to do?; there are no dependent words.
In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:
- Add a dependent word.
A car loaded with people. Loaded by whom?- a person. Now this is a sacrament. - Change the form of the verb.
Loaded car. Derived from the verb download, which answers the question what to do? and therefore refers to the perfect form.
Short adjectives and short participles
The sequence of actions is as follows:
- Realized that the word answers the question what?.
- We think from what full form the word is formed.
- We determine the part of speech of the full form (read the differences between adjectives and participles above).
Here is a table for clarity.
Hooray. Now we know which part of speech our word belongs to.
Applying the rules
Look how simple it is once we know the part of speech:
We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- And -Eve-.
In a word asphalted we write NN, because there is a suffix -ova-.
Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- They were just suffixes. In words forged And chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cov- And chew-. These words contain one letter n, because they belong to verbal adjectives.
You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.
It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.
In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -en-, -yan-, -in-: leather en oh, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
We write in adjectives NN in the following cases:
- In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N oh, time enne y.
- If a word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma NN y.
Pay attention to the second point Special attention. Without it you would write in the word fog one letter n, since there is a suffix -en-. But this word has no suffix -en-! Why? Because -an- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, the stem of which ends in n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget about this rule.
Words windy, buttery, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh, no wind NN y).
OK. What about short adjectives?
Everything is simple here: they contain the same number of letters n, how many and in full.
What about adverbs?
It's the same story here. We write the same amount n, how much is in the word from which the adverb is formed.
Slowly- an adverb because it answers a question How?. Derived from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write NN in the suffix -enn-, so we write it the same way in adverbs.
Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusing to explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confused derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question Which?; no dependent words; derived from an imperfective verb confuse). Because the confused is a verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then we write the same amount in the adverb that is derived from it.
A little exercise. Explain the production n-nn in a sentence.
Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes slightly rolled in ashes, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem tasty on fresh air for the most sophisticated gourmet.
In adjectives, one letter N is written in suffixes -IN-, -AN-, -YAN-.
For example: swan(in the suffix -IN - one letter N is written) leather(in the suffix
-AN- one letter N is written) woolen(in the suffix -YANG- one letter N is written).
It is very easy to remember three suffixes in which one letter N is written. Need to know the first letter of the alphabet and the last - A and Z. We add one letter N to them and get suffixes - AN, IN, YAN .
You can learn a rhyme that will help you remember the suffixes of adjectives that are written with one letter N.
For adjectives long ago
Recorded in learned books,
When AN, IN, YAN, then N one
And no more surplus.
Suffix -IN- called “animal”. With the help suffix IN adjectives are formed from animate nouns, denoting animals, insects, birds.
MOUSE IN Y = MOUSE + IN
MOSQUITO IN YY = MOSQUITO + IN
NIGHTINGALE IN YY = NIGHTINGALE + IN
In adjectives MOUSE IN OH,MOSQUITO IN OH, NIGHTINGALE IN YY the “animal” suffix is written - IN - with one letter N.
Suffixes - AN-, -YAN - written in adjectives denoting the material from which the object is made:
SKIN AN SKIN = SKIN + AN
SAND ANІ= SAND + AN
SILVER YANG YY = SILVER + YANG
WOOL YANG OH= WOOL + YANG
GLIN YANG Y = CLAY + YANG
Adjectives SKIN AN OH, SAND AN OH, SILVER YANG YY , WOOL YANG OH GLIN YANGІY are written with one letter Н, since the suffix in them begins with the letters AND I .
You should remember three adjectives whose suffix begins with the letter Y, but the letters N are written in it not one, but two. These are the exception words: TREE YANN OH, TIN YANN OH, GLASS YANN YY.
The following riddle about WINDOW:
glass surface, wooden frame, pewter handle.
2. Two letters НН in adjective suffixes
Two letters N are written in adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORS HE N OH, TRADITION HE N OH, STRAW ENN OH, CRANK ENN YY.
Remember suffix - HE N- helps with NV UN - United Nations.
It is known that suffix - HE N- - UN fan.
It strives to be as similar to the UN as possible in everything. True, the difference between them is immediately noticeable: the suffix - HE N- two letters H, and his UN idol has two letters O.
Using the suffix - HE N -, in which two letters N are written, adjectives are most often formed foreign language origin. For example, COMMISSION HE N OH, EDITORIAL HE N OH, TRADITION HE N OH, REVOLUTION HE N YY
Two letters N are written in the suffix -ENN-.
Adjectives with the suffix - ENN- most often formed from nouns whose stem ends in several consonants: ARTS ENN OH, CRANK ENN OH, LIFE ENN OH, OGN ENN OH, SICK ENN YY.
There is an exception word in the Russian language, the suffix of which begins with the letter E, but the letters N are written in it not two, but one. This word is WINDY.
WINDY DAY
WINDY YOUTH
The word WINDY contains only one letter N!
However, if the prefix WITHOUT appears in the word WINDY, then according to the rule two letters N are written.
WINDLESS NIGHT (the word has a prefix)
Remember the spelling of words WINDY andWINDLESS The following poem helps.
Windy young man, windy day!
You can easily remember:
I always write only one N!
Windless morning, day or night!
Without applying the rules of knowledge,
Write two N without hesitation!
3. Two letters H at the junction of morphemes
Two letters N are written in adjective names formed using the suffix N from nouns with a stem starting with the letter N.
PLAIN = PLAINS N A+ N
LONG= DURATION N A+ N
TRUE= TRUE N A+ N
OUTSTANDING= DIKOVI N A+ N
PANCAKE = BLI N +N
The following poetic rule helps to write the double letter N in an adjective.
Fog one has N,
But if the city became foggy,
Based on N and suffix N,
And it turns out NN,
Remember this case is strange.
4. Something to remember
There are several words in the Russian language that do not have the suffix N and suffer greatly from this. These words are often confused and the double NN is mistakenly written in them.
Remember: in words SINGLE, GREEN, SPICY, RUSH, YOUNG, PORK one letter N is written, which is part of the root.
5. Analyzing examples
Let's determine how many letters N are written in the following adjectives and why.
GUSINY(this word has an “animal” suffix -IN -, in which one letter N is written),
TELEPHONE(this adjective is formed from the noun TELEPHONE, the stem of which ends in the letter N. The suffix N is added. Therefore, we write the word TELEPHONE with two letters N),
STRAW(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter E, so we write НН),
LINEN(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter I and denotes the material from which the object is made, so we write one letter N),
WINDY(this is an exception word in which one letter N is written),
INFECTIOUS(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter O, so we write НН),
GLASS(this is an exception word that is included in the riddle about the window; therefore we write NN).
6. Algorithm for writing N, NN in adjective suffixes
When choosing N, NN for writing in the suffix, you can use the algorithm.
Table 1. Algorithm for writing N, NN in adjective suffixes ()
7. N, NN in short adjectives
It should be remembered that in short names The same number of adjectives are written N as in full ones: traditional is traditional, smart is smart.
Bibliography
- Russian language. 6th grade / Baranov M.T. and others - M.: Education, 2008.
- Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades - M.: Bustard, 2008.
- Russian language. 6th grade / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.
- ReferenceTable().
- Presentation ().
- Additional exercise ().
Homework
Task No. 1
Insert the missing letters Н or НН where necessary. Justify your answer.
Yu..y, yu..at, silver..y, aviation..y, long..yy, tin..yy, straight..yy, hurricane..yy, debatable..yy, swan..yy, wind..y, windy..oh, windless..yy, axy..yy, morning..yy, morning..ik, glassy..yy, toiler..yy, silver..yy, silver..ka, silverless..ik, family..oh, ice..oh, cranberry..oh, hemp..y, hemp..ik, sparrow..y, nightingale..oh, stirrup..oh, family..oh, Red Banner..y, triumphant..yy, vital..yy, old..yy, guest..aya, guest..itsa, butter..yy, butter..itsa, wind..itsa, va..aya, ple..y, tse..y, drunk..yy, zealous..yy, ruddy..yy, rosy..yy, fiery..yy, sandy..yy, craft..yy, secondary..yy, retired..y, clay..yy, beastly..yy, offspring..yy, precious..yy, bully..yy, flat-headed..yy, half-dead..yy, wild..yy, not strong..yy, sheep..y, infectious..y, sympathetic..yy, seven-lined..yy, countless..yy, friendly..yy, oaty..yy, simultaneous..yy, ants..yy, car..yy, mouse..y, pig..oh, pig..a, firewood..ik, oil..ik, mal..ik, os..ik, ripple..ik, friend..ik, moshe..ik, windy..ik, side..ik, smart..y, ko..itsa, lee..yy, sandy..ik, travel..ik, vlasya..itsa, vish..ik, weathered..yy, kure..oh (ataman).
Task No. 2
Make the “silent” table speak: write down where there are gaps necessary words. Write out adjectives with the studied spelling from the poems.
1. He slept, all shining, in an oak manger,
Like a ray of moonlight in the hollow of a hollow.
They replaced him with a sheep's skin
Donkey lips and nostrils of an ox.
B. Pasternak
2. And the birch tree stands in so... silence,
And snowflakes burn in golden fire.
S. Yesenin
3. Do you love ice...oh January,
No wind, brutal cold.
And I am fierce February,
Blizzard, defiant drifting snow.
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