Penicillin means 4 generations of antibiotics that are similar in structure, mechanism of action, contraindications and side effects. All of them are beta-lactam antibacterial drugs. The instructions for the use of Penicillin give a characteristic of its properties, form of release, application features, possible negative consequences.
Bactericidal drug.
Antibiotic properties:
- high activity against sensitive bacterial strains;
- low toxicity;
- the possibility of use during pregnancy.
The drug is compatible with other bactericidal agents.
Composition
The active ingredient is 6-aminopenicillanic acid, the main components of which are a molecule of 3 carbon atoms and 1 nitrogen atom (beta-lactam) and a thiazolidine ring. The change in antibacterial qualities and the creation of new variants of Penicillin is associated with the modification of the active substance.
Release form
The antibiotic is readily soluble in water, available in the form of a powder for preparation of injections, ready-made solutions and tablets.
Injection in ampoules
Glass sealed ampoules with a capacity of 1-3 milliliters can be sold with or without solvent. Concentration: 1 milliliter of the finished solution contains 5000 units.
Pills
The pressed mold is available in two versions: standard and resorbable. The concentration of penicillin in a standard tablet is 250, 500 milligrams, for resorption - 5000 units.
Powder
A white powder with a specific aroma is produced in transparent bottles, under a rubber cap sealed with a metal cap. The dose of the drug in one bottle is from 50,000 to 300,000 IU.
Pharmacological characteristics
Penicillin is an acid from which salts are obtained to impart chemical stability and to obtain new drugs.
Pharmacological group
Penicillin is a natural antibiotic. The drug, the initial form of which is a waste product of moldy fungi.
Pharmacodynamics
When administered intramuscularly, the antibiotic penetrates from the bloodstream into tissues, joints, muscles, creating a therapeutic dose for a short period of time. It is excreted from the body by the kidneys after 4 hours.
Pharmacokinetics
The inhibitory qualities of an antibiotic are manifested in a destructive effect on the bacterial membrane, as a result of which the microorganism dies.
When administered orally, the medicinal properties are reduced under the influence of gastric juice, since the drug is not acid-resistant.
Diseases for which an antibiotic is prescribed
The medicine has a therapeutic effect in therapy:
- lungs and bronchi;
- nasal, oropharynx;
- genitourinary system;
- inflammation of the heart muscle;
- gallbladder;
- purulent lesions of the skin and soft tissues;
- sexually transmitted diseases;
- erysipelas;
- diphtheria and scarlet fever;
- purulent-necrotic inflammation of bones, bone marrow.
Instructions for use, dosage
The tableted dose is determined by the doctor. The daily rate is most often 750-1500 milligrams per day, divided into 3 parts, every 8 hours. In severe forms of infection, the dosage is increased by 3 times. The rule for taking Penicillin: 30 minutes before meals or 120 minutes after.
Antibiotic injections can be done:
- intravenously;
- intramuscularly;
- subcutaneously;
- into the spinal canal;
- in the cavity.
The rate is calculated based on the patient's weight: the therapeutic dose should be constantly maintained at the level of 0.1-0.3 IU per milliliter of blood. To fulfill this condition, injections are given every 4 hours.
With pneumonia, sexually transmitted diseases, the specific dosage is determined by the doctor.
Preparation of solutions using powder
Saline solution, Novocaine, water for injection are used as a solvent. The main requirement concerns the temperature of the liquid: it must be within 18-20 degrees.
Using ampoules for injections
Powder in ampoules is diluted with a solvent in the same way as in bottles.
Treatment of children
Taking the medicine should take place while monitoring the state of the hematopoietic system, kidneys and liver.
During pregnancy and lactation
The possibility of use during childbearing should be determined by the doctor, since Penicillin crosses the placental barrier. Breast milk during antibiotic therapy is not suitable for feeding a child.
For patients with hepatic and renal impairment
The bactericidal agent is excreted by the kidneys. In renal failure, penicillin is used under medical supervision. Intravenous administration of a preparation containing potassium salts may cause hyperkalemia.
Contraindications
The drug is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to penicillins and other antibiotics, bronchospasm, urticaria, polyps.
Excess doses
Oral intake in excess of the norm will cause gastrointestinal disturbances: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
Unwanted effects
A side effect is an allergy to the drug, which can develop during the first long course of treatment. But more often it occurs with repeated use. Hypersensitivity to an antibiotic manifests itself in the form of a rash, edema, and a rise in temperature. Anaphylactic shock can be fatal.
Possible negative side effects:
- vomiting reflex;
- frequent stools;
- involuntary muscle contractions;
- headache with vomiting, hypersensitivity to light, auditory stimuli;
- loss of consciousness;
- fungal infection of the mucous membranes in the mouth, vagina.
Before prescribing a medicine, it is necessary to test for an allergic reaction.
To stop fungal infection, antifungal agents must be taken simultaneously with the bactericidal drug.
A low therapeutic dose, stopping treatment until complete recovery will cause the appearance of varieties of microorganisms that are resistant to penicillins.
When taken orally, it is necessary to drink the medicine with a sufficient amount of liquid.
Do not violate the drug intake regimen to maintain the therapeutic dose of the antibiotic in the blood.
High doses, when administered intravenously, can provoke the development of acute drug epilepsy.
Interaction with other medications
Bactericidal drugs enhance the effect of penicillin, bacteriostatic drugs weaken. Cannot be used simultaneously with thrombolytic, potassium-sparing diuretics, anticoagulants. Concomitant use with oral contraceptives reduces their effectiveness.
Terms and storage
Penicillins retain their properties for 60 months at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees, in a dry place.
Vacation and cost
For treatment, a doctor's appointment is required, with a prescription. The price of tablets is from 30 rubles per package, ampoules - from 60 rubles per piece, a bottle - from 6 rubles, depending on the unit.
Medication substitutes
The first generation of penicillins are penicillins derived from the acid produced by molds. To give stability, it is converted into salts: sodium, potassium, novocaine.
Depending on the type of salt, natural penicillins, in turn, are subdivided into subgroups, for example, penicillin G (benzylpenicillin), penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin).
The second generation - analogs of natural penicillins, obtained artificially, for example, Oxacillin.
Third - aminopenicillins, semi-synthetic drugs that have an advantage over biosynthetic forms in their effect on a larger number of pathogens. The third generation includes Amoxicillin and Ampicillin.
The fourth generation of bactericidal preparations has protection against the effects of beta-lactose bacteria. They are effective against most types of bacteria.
V-Penicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin comes in the form of tablets and powder for suspension. The drug is not prescribed for severe forms of the inflammatory process, it has a therapeutic effect on gram-positive bacteria and a narrow range of gram-negative ones.
The drug is effective for bacterial lesions of the oral cavity, lungs, bronchi, skin. It is recommended to take it for infections with anthrax, tetanus, syphilis and gonorrhea, for prophylactic purposes in the postoperative period.
Contraindications to use - vomiting, diarrhea, allergy to penicillins, severe inflammatory processes.
The solution is used in the form of injections and infusions, without age limitation, including premature babies.
Contraindications to the appointment:
- allergy to penicillins;
- hepatic, renal failure;
- inflammation of the colon.
Treatment - as prescribed by a doctor, with an extension of the duration of therapy for 2-3 days after the disappearance of the main symptoms.
The chemical composition of the drug is potassium, sodium, novocaine salt. It is produced in the form of a powder for the preparation of intramuscular, intravenous injections, as well as into the spinal canal.
The purpose and route of administration depend on the course of the inflammatory process. Potassium and sodium salts are highly penetrating. Used for acute forms of infection. The therapeutic effect occurs within a quarter of an hour after administration.
Potassium salt is used for intramuscular injection, sodium salt - for intravenous and intramuscular injection. To maintain the required concentration in the blood, it is required to inject 6 times a day, observing the time intervals.
Novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin, after intramuscular administration, forms a capsule from which the drug enters the bloodstream for a long time. The drug is effective for the treatment of chronic infections.
Streptococci, to a lesser extent staphylococci, as well as bacteria that cause:
- anthrax;
- venereal diseases;
- diphtheria;
- meningococcus;
- gas gangrene.
The trade names of Benzylpenicillin depend on the chemical composition:
- Benzylpenicillin, sodium salt;
- Benzylpenicillin, potassium salt;
- Benzylpenicillin, novocaine salt;
- Penicillin G, sodium salt;
- Bicillin - 1 (3; 5);
- Novatsin.
The drug is not effective against bacteria that produce an enzyme that breaks down the beta-lactam ring.
1 assessments, average: 5,00
out of 5)
By definition, penicillin is a medicinal component and an active substance of a large group of antibiotics, which are called penicillins. Today, natural, semi-synthetic, aminopenicillins and drugs with a wide antibacterial effect are isolated. All products are divided into tablets and injections, produced by many companies.
Composition and form of release
Penicillin is available as a tablet or injection. Their composition:
pharmachologic effect
Penicillin is the first antibiotic to be obtained through the vital activity of microbes. In 1928, Fleming isolated it from a strain of the fungi Penicillium notatum. For the first time, an antibacterial agent was used in 1941. In the Soviet Union, penicillin-based drugs were obtained in 1942, and mass production was launched in the late 1950s. Today, protected penicillins with a wide spectrum of action are used.
The active ingredient is the acid from which the salts are derived. Antibiotics may include phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin. Biosynthetic penicillins are effective against neisseria, staphylococcus, bacillus and rickettsia strains. The effectiveness of the drug has not been proven against pathogens of dysentery, typhoid, tularemia, brucellosis, cholera, plague, tuberculosis, fungi, viruses and protozoa.
The most effective method of using penicillin antibiotics is intramuscular injections. After half an hour, the maximum concentration is found in the blood. The active ingredient penetrates into muscles, joint cavities, wound exudate. A small amount of penicillin was found in the cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, and abdominal cavity. The agent penetrates the placenta, excreted by the kidneys, with urine and bile. The tablets are poorly absorbed, because part of the dose is destroyed by gastric juice and beta-lactamases secreted by the intestinal microflora.
Indications for use
Penicillin-based antibiotics are prescribed for diseases caused by bacteria susceptible to it. The instruction refers to them as follows:
- croupous, focal pneumonia;
- empyema of the pleura;
- acute and subacute forms of septic endocarditis;
- sepsis;
- septicemia;
- pyemia;
- meningitis;
- acute and chronic osteomyelitis;
- diseases of the biliary, urinary tract, skin, soft tissues, mucous membranes with purulent manifestations;
- scarlet fever;
- angina;
- anthrax;
- erysipelas;
- diphtheria;
- actinomycosis;
- purulent-inflammatory gynecological diseases;
- diseases of the eyes, ENT organs;
- syphilis, gonorrhea, blenorrhea.
Method of administration and dosage
Instructions for the use of Penicillin differs depending on the form of release of funds. So, tablets are taken orally, injections are given intramuscularly. In case of an overdose of drugs, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting may develop. With renal failure and intravenous administration of penicillin potassium salt, hyperkalemia can develop. When doses of drugs are taken above 50 million units, epilepsy occurs. To eliminate it will help the reception of barbiturates, benzodiazepines.
Penicillin tablets
Depending on the disease and severity, the regimen for taking Penicillin tablets differs. The standard dose is 250-500 mg of the drug every 8 hours. If necessary, the instruction advises to increase the dosage to 750 mg once. The tablets are taken half an hour before a meal or two hours after it. The course of treatment depends on the presence of complications.
Penicillin ampoules
Penicillin solution can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. Also, the drug is used for direct injection into the spinal canal. For effective therapy, the dose is calculated so that there is 0.1–0.3 drug units per 1 ml of blood. The agent is administered at intervals of 3-4 hours. Treatment regimens differ for pneumonia, cerebrospinal meningitis, syphilis. They are determined by the doctor.
special instructions
Antibiotic susceptibility tests should be performed before using penicillin. Other special instructions from the instructions:
- Funds are prescribed with caution in case of impaired renal function, acute heart failure, a tendency to allergies, severe sensitivity to cephalosporins.
- If after 3-5 days of treatment the patient does not feel better, it is important to consult a doctor for a review of therapy in favor of a combination or prescription of other antibiotics.
- During treatment, fungal superinfection may develop. Antifungal drugs will help to cope with it. When taking subtherapeutic doses of the drug or incomplete course, pathogens can acquire resistance (resistance).
- The tablets are taken with plenty of liquid. Therapy should not deviate from the scheme, be accompanied by an independent change in dosage and skipping doses. If you miss a pill, you need to take the next one as soon as possible.
- An expired drug means it has become toxic.
- During treatment with penicillins, alcohol is strictly prohibited.
- The use of an antibiotic during pregnancy is permitted if the benefits to the mother exceed the risks to the child. During lactation, the use of Penicillin is prohibited.
Penicillin for children
Penicillin-based antibiotics are used in children only under strict medical indications with great caution. During treatment, constant monitoring of the blood picture, liver and kidney function is required. The risk of taking medication is associated with insufficient studies of the effectiveness and safety of work in patients of younger children and adolescents.
Drug interactions
Penicillin antibiotics can be combined with a limited number of medications. This is stated in the instructions:
- Probenecid reduces tubular secretion of benisylpenicillin, which increases plasma concentration and leads to an increase in the half-life.
- Tetracycline, sulfonamides reduce the bactericidal effect of benzylpenicillin, Cholestyramine weakens its bioavailability.
- The agent is incompatible with aminoglycosides, thrombolytics.
- The combination of benzylpenicillin potassium salt with potassium preparations, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or potassium-sparing diuretics threatens the development of hyperkalemia.
- Caution should be exercised when combining Pseudomonas aeruginosa penicillins with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, because bleeding develops.
- The drugs reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills, because the process of circulating estrogen inside the liver is disrupted.
- The antibiotic slows down the elimination of methotrexate from the body by suppressing tubular secretion.
Penicillin is one of the most commonly used bactericidal drugs produced in tablet form and as a powder for injection. The drug has a wide range of applications and is actively used to eliminate many pathologies of a bacterial nature. The most effective form of drug use is injections.
Description and composition of the drug
Penicillin is the first bactericidal agent obtained from the waste products of microorganisms. Its inventor is called Alexander Fleming, who discovered the antibiotic by accident, discovering its antimicrobial effect.
The first samples of the drug were obtained in the USSR by scientists Balezina and Ermolyeva in the middle of the twentieth century. After that, the drug began to be produced on an industrial scale. In the late fifties of the twentieth century, synthetic penicillins were also obtained.
Currently, penicillins of four groups are used in medicine:
- natural origin;
- semi-synthetic compounds;
- aminopenicillins of a wide range of applications;
- penicillins with a broad bactericidal spectrum.
For injections, penicillin G sodium salt is used 500 thousand units or 1 million units. In pharmacy chains, such a powder can be purchased in glass vials sealed with a rubber stopper. Before direct administration, the powder is diluted with water. The drug can be obtained from the pharmacy with a doctor's prescription.
Pharmacological characteristics
By its chemical composition, Penicillin is an acid for the production of salts. Its biosynthetic products act on anaerobic spore-forming rods, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, inhibiting the synthesis of their walls. The most active and relevant today is the drug Benzylpenicillin.
The drug penicillin is injected intramuscularly and immediately after direct application enters the bloodstream and quickly concentrates in muscles and joints, tissue lesions. The highest degree of concentration of the composition is observed half an hour or an hour after the procedure.
The concentration of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid and abdominal cavity is minimal. The composition is excreted through the kidneys and bile. The half-life is up to one and a half hours.
Indications for use
Penicillin treatment with injections is carried out with the development of bacterial infections, including:
- focal and croupous pneumonia;
- chronic and acute osteomyelitis;
- empyema of the pleura;
- blood poisoning;
- acute and subacute types of endocarditis;
- tonsillitis;
- scarlet fever;
- infectious inflammatory processes of the brain;
- erysipelas;
- anthrax;
- furunculosis and its complications;
- acute cholecystitis;
- gonorrhea;
- rheumatism;
- inflammatory bacterial pathologies of the urinary tract and reproductive organs;
- diphtheria;
- ENT pathology;
- purulent dermatological lesions;
- pyemia;
- actinomycosis.
Important: Penicillin is used not only for the treatment of human diseases, but also for the elimination of pathologies in animals and is one of the most inexpensive drugs of its kind.
Treatment methods using Penicillin
According to the instructions for use, the drug is allowed to be administered in four main ways, depending on the type and scale of the lesion:
- into the spinal canal;
- intravenously;
- intramuscularly;
- subcutaneously.
The injections are administered every three to four hours, maintaining the content of the composition so that for each milliliter of the patient's blood there is a concentration of 0.1-0.3 U. In most cases, the therapy regimen is selected individually for each patient. The same applies to the course of treatment.
Special instructions for use
In order for the treatment to be as effective and safe as possible, it is necessary to take into account the following problems of therapy:
- Before starting to use the medication, it is necessary to test for possible antibiotic intolerance.
- Replacement of the medication must be carried out in the event that after three to five days after, if the therapy shows insufficient effectiveness.
- To prevent the occurrence of mycotic superinfection, it is necessary to take antifungal medications during treatment. It is also important to pay attention to the likelihood of colonization of the organism with resistant strains of bacteria.
- It is possible to dilute the medicine for injection only with water for injection, strictly following the proposed proportions.
- Skipping injections is not recommended. In case of a pass, it is necessary to administer the drug as soon as possible and restore the regimen.
- After the expiration date, the medication becomes toxic and dangerous to use.
Limitations and main contraindications
Penicillin has relatively few contraindications. The main one is hypersensitivity to the antibiotic itself and other drugs of its group. In addition, the medication is not recommended for use when:
- manifestations of allergies in the form of urticaria, asthma and hay fever;
- manifestations of intolerance to antibiotics and sulfonamides.
It is necessary to use the medicine under the supervision of a doctor for pathologies of the kidneys and cardiovascular system.
Side effects and complications
An overdose of medication does not pose a danger to the patient's life. In this case, there may be nausea and vomiting, a general deterioration in well-being. In addition, the development of hyperkalemia is likely with the simultaneous use of potassium preparations. In rare cases, epileptic seizures are possible. Exceeding the prescribed dosage is treated symptomatically.
With prolonged use of the antibiotic, the manifestation of allergic reactions is likely (urticaria, swelling, the formation of a rash, anaphylactic manifestations, extremely rarely - a fatal outcome). Treatment in this position is symptomatic. Typically, adrenaline is given intravenously. In other situations, it is also possible:
- violation of digestive processes and stool;
- dysbiosis;
- fungal diseases of the oral cavity and vagina;
- neurotoxic manifestations, convulsions, coma.
Important: In order to reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions to therapy, it is recommended not to exceed the prescribed dosages and not to prolong the course of treatment without the consent of the doctor.
Interaction of Penicillin with other drugs
Joint treatment with Probenecid increases the half-life of antibiotic components. The use of tetracycline and sulfonamides significantly reduces the effectiveness of Penicillin. Cholistiramine severely reduces the bioavailability of the antibiotic.
Due to incompatibility, it is impossible to simultaneously give an injection of Penicillin and any aminoglycoside. The joint use of thrombolytics is also prohibited.
The risk of bleeding increases with the simultaneous use of anticoagulants and Penicillins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, the treatment in this case should be monitored by a specialist.
Antibiotic therapy slows down the elimination of methotrexate and also reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Penicillin's analogs
- Cefazolin. The drug is from the group of cephalosporins, which can be used for intolerance to penicillin drugs. It is used for intramuscular and intravenous administration and retains its therapeutic properties after the procedure for ten hours.
- Ceftriaxone. The cephalosporin medication is most often used in a hospital setting. It is intended for the treatment of inflammatory processes caused by a bacterial pathogen, it is active against gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic infections.
- Extensillin. Refers to the number of long-term beta-lactam antibiotics. The medication is available in powders and is not recommended for use simultaneously with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Among the drugs for oral administration, which contain a similar active ingredient, there are:
- Ampicillin Trihydrate;
- Amoxicillin;
- Flemoxin Solutab;
- Amosin;
- Amoxicar;
- Ecobol.
Important: Replacement is made in case of impossibility of setting injections, intolerance to penicillins, as well as in case of insufficient effectiveness of the latter.
Conclusion
Penicillin is a first-generation antibiotic that has been proven over the years and long-term tests. Currently, the drug is used to treat many bacterial infections in a modernized form and is relatively safe for humans. Penicillins are actively used in veterinary medicine and have several varieties that are selected for therapy depending on the type of disease and the individual characteristics of the patient.
Magnesium sulfate intramuscularly instruction for beginners and pros
Ortofen: why do injections of a non-steroidal drug
Meloxicam: detailed instructions for the use of injections for the treatment of pathologies of various origins
Penicillin is a drug from the group of antibiotics, obtained in a special way from penicillium, a mold.
What is the composition and form of the drug Penicillin?
The drug is produced by the pharmaceutical industry in a homogeneous white powder with a characteristic weak odor. The drug is intended for the preparation of a solution to be administered parenterally, in particular for subcutaneous administration and for injections into the gluteus muscle.
The active substance of the drug is penicillin G sodium salt 500,000 IU, as well as 1,000,000 IU. The antibiotic is sold in the prescription department. The date of manufacture of the medicine is reflected on the bottle with the medicine, in addition, the expiration date of the product is indicated on the packaging, after which one should refrain from the subsequent use of the powder.
What is the effect of Penicillin powder?
The drug Penicillin, an antibiotic belonging to the group of biosynthetic penicillins, has a bactericidal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of the cell wall of some pathogenic microorganisms.
It is active against such microorganisms: Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus anthracis, in addition, Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Actinomyces spp., As well as Neisseria meningitidis, Spirochaetaceae.
After intramuscular injection, the antibiotic is rapidly absorbed directly from the injection site into the bloodstream, and the drug is widely distributed in the tissues of the human body and in biological fluids, but it enters the cerebrospinal fluid in a small amount, penetrates well through the placenta.
The half-life corresponds to thirty minutes. It is excreted in the urine. After the antibiotic is injected into the muscle, its maximum concentration in the bloodstream will be noted after half an hour or sixty minutes. The concentration of the drug, as well as the duration of the circulation of the active component in the blood, will depend on the size of the administered dose of the drug.
What are the indications for the drug Penicillin?
The drug Penicillin is prescribed for use in the following situations: lobar and focal pneumonia, pleural empyema, meningitis, sepsis, septicemia, tonsillitis, in addition, septic endocarditis, osteomyelitis, urinary tract infections, purulent skin infections, erysipelas, diphtheria, gonorrhea scarlet fever, syphilis, as well as anthrax, eye diseases, actinomycosis, purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs.
What are the contraindications for use of Penicillin?
The antibiotic Penicillin (powder) instructions for use prohibit the use of hypersensitivity to its components, in addition, endolumbar administration of the medication is not carried out for patients suffering from epilepsy.
What is the use and dosage of the drug Penicillin?
The drug Penicillin is used individually, the route of administration of the antibiotic: into the muscle, intravenously, subcutaneously, and also endolumbar. Usually, i / m and i / v daily dose of the drug varies from 250,000 to 60 million units, which is determined by the stage of the infectious process.
A solution of the antibiotic Penicillin is prepared immediately before administration, while water for injection can be used as a solvent, or 0.9% sodium chloride is used, as well as a 0.5% solution of procaine.
It is worth noting that when the antibiotic is diluted with procaine, a slight turbidity of the solution may be observed as a result of the formation of a crystal-like precipitate, which is not an obstacle for the subsequent use of the drug.
What are the side effects of Penicillin?
The use of the drug Penicillin, which we continue to talk about on this page www.site, can cause a number of adverse reactions, including the following manifestations: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting is not excluded, candidiasis of the vagina and oral cavity is added, the development of a neurotoxic reaction is possible, especially when endolumbar administration of an antibiotic in large doses, while increased excitability, convulsions, and coma can be observed.
In addition, the antibiotic Penicillin can cause allergic reactions, characterized by an increase in temperature, urticaria, a skin rash joins, a rash on the mucous membranes is observed, joint pains may occur, eosinophilia is characteristic, as well as angioedema.
Overdose from Penicillin
In case of an overdose of Penicillin, the patient will experience nausea and vomiting, loose stools are not excluded, in addition, hyperkalemia, and epileptic seizures are also not excluded. In a similar situation, the patient is treated with symptomatic treatment.
special instructions
With caution, Penicillin is used in persons with impaired renal function, with hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, with heart failure, in addition, with a predisposition to allergies.
If, three days after the start of the use of the drug Penicillin, the therapeutic effect does not appear, then it is recommended to switch to the use of other antibiotics. In connection with the possibility of attaching fungal superinfection in the treatment of benzylpenicillin, it is recommended to prescribe antimycotics.
How to replace Penicillin, which analogs to use?
The drug Benzylpenicillin, Penicillin G, Benzylpenicillin-KMP, in addition, Novocin, Procaine-benzylpenicillin sterile, and Procaine-Benzylpenicillin.
Conclusion
The drug has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect. The active substance in the preparation is benzylpenicillin.
The medicine is especially effective in the development of streptococci, pneumococci, gonococci, meningococci, as well as tetanus pathogens and individual staphylococci stamps in the body. But treatment with "Penicillin" does not make sense if Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Friedlander sticks and pathogens of cholera and plague enter the body.
Indications for use
"Penicillin" is used for especially severe diseases, such as sepsis, in all sulfonamide-resistant cases, as well as after wounds with infection. In exceptional cases, the drug is used for various inflammations of the eyes and ears.
The Internal Medicine Clinic uses Penicillin as a remedy for lobar pneumonia, using it in combination with sulfa drugs. And also this drug is used for the prevention and treatment of rheumatism.
It is allowed to use "Penicillin" for childhood diseases. The drug is necessary for umbilical sepsis, pneumonia in newborns, as well as otitis media in infants and preschool children, in the septic form of scarlet fever and in pleuropulmonary processes that cannot be treated with other drugs. Before treatment with "Penicillin", it is imperative to conduct a patient study on the tolerance of the drug components.
Application of the drug
"Penicillin" is effective both in resorptive and local action. It is permissible to use any method of introducing the drug into the body, but intramuscular administration is considered the best of them. Once in the muscle, the drug is almost immediately absorbed into the bloodstream and disperses throughout the body, providing a therapeutic effect. But with meningitis and encephalitis, the intramuscular method of administration should be combined with the endolumbar one.
For the drug to be effective, its concentration in the blood must be at least 0.2 U. To maintain concentration, it is administered every 3-4 hours. Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases occurs according to special instructions.
Contraindications
For people with individual intolerance to penicillin, drug treatment is contraindicated. Also, treatment with "penicillin" is not recommended for people with bronchial asthma, urticaria, or hypersensitivity to antibiotics, sulfonamides and other drugs. And, of course, people prone to allergic reactions are also not shown this drug.
Loading ...