Instructions
Try to identify the connection between the two simple sentences, included in the complex. Determine whether one of them depends on the other. In complex sentences, you can always ask a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause, for example, “He said (what did he say?) that he would go home.”
To check, put a period between the sentences. If a complex structure painlessly falls apart into two parts, and they “feel” perfectly separate from each other, this is a compound offer. For example, compare: “We were walking in the park, and Bobik was running around” and “We were walking in the park. Bobik was running around."
If, when dividing a sentence into two parts, one of them loses or changes its meaning, feel free to conclude that this is a complex offer. For example, a period between the sentences “Grandma asked me to buy medicine” will distort the meaning.
Find a conjunction between sentences; in many cases, it is from this that you can understand what offer in front of you. The conjunctions a, and, but, yes are found in complex sentences, and the conjunctions because, when, so that, where, that, since, if, so, whose, where, etc. - in complex subordinates. If there is no union at all, this is a complex non-union offer.
To distinguish complex offer from simple, carry out parsing. Find all the subjects and predicates - if a sentence has two bases connected by subordination and one of the complex conjunctions, then you have a complex subordination offer. Sometimes the stem of one of the constituent sentences consists of only a predicate or only a subject, for example, “It’s late, so let’s go home.”
Be careful, sometimes the main thing is offer can be torn into two parts, for example: “A scream was heard from the street, which was filled with people.”
Sources:
- how to determine whether a sentence is simple or
Video on the topic
Sources:
- Complex sentence in 2018
Tip 3: How to distinguish a complex sentence from a complex sentence
Complex offer- This offer consisting of several simple ones. There are two main types of complex sentences: compound and complex sentences. They can be distinguished from each other by several characteristics.
Instructions
Pay attention to the way the sentences are connected. Simple sentences as part of a complex sentence are connected intonationally or using subordinating and allied words (relatives). For example: what, so that, when, if, because, since, which, where, while and others. In a complex sentence, communication is made through intonation and coordinating conjunctions. These include: and, and, but, or, either, as...so and, but, and others.
Complex sentences- These are sentences consisting of several simple ones.
The main means of connecting simple sentences into complex ones are intonation, conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating) and allied words (relative pronouns and pronominal adverbs).
Depending on the means of communication, complex sentences are divided into allied And non-union. Union proposals are divided into compound And complex.
Compound Sentences (SSPs) are complex sentences in which simple sentences are linked to each other by intonation and coordinating conjunctions.
Types of compound sentences by nature of the conjunction and meaning
| SSP type | Unions | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 1. connecting unions(connective relations). | AND; Yes(in meaning And); no no; yes and; Same; Also; not only but. |
They opened the door and air from the yard steamed into the kitchen.(Paustovsky). |
| 2. Compound sentences with adversarial conjunctions(adverse relationships). | A; But; Yes(in meaning But); however(in meaning But); but; but; and then; not that; or else; particle(in the meaning of the union A); particle only(in the meaning of the union But). |
Ivan Petrovich left, but I stayed(Leskov). |
| 3. Compound sentences with dividing unions(separation relations). | Or; or; not that..., not that; then..., then; either... or... |
Either eat the fish or run aground(proverb). |
Note!
1) Coordinating conjunctions can connect not only parts of a complex sentence, but also homogeneous members. Their distinction is especially important for punctuation marks. Therefore, when analyzing, be sure to highlight the grammatical basics in order to determine the type of sentence (simple with homogeneous members or complex sentence).
Wed: A man walked from a smoky ice hole and carried a large sturgeon(Peskov) - a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates; I'll give you money for the trip, and you can call a helicopter(Peskov) is a complex sentence.
2) Coordinating conjunctions usually take place at the beginning of the second clause (the second simple sentence).
In some places the Danube serves as a border, but it serves and is expensive people to each other(Peskov).
The exception is unions, too, also, particles-unions, only. They necessarily occupy or can occupy a place in the middle of the second part (the second simple sentence).
My sister and I cried, my mother also cried(Aksakov); His comrades treated him with hostility, but the soldiers truly loved him.(Kuprin).
Therefore, when parsing, such complex sentences are often confused with non-union complex sentences.
3) The double conjunction not only..., but also expresses gradational relations and is classified as a connecting conjunction in school textbooks. Very often, when parsing, only the second part is taken into account ( but also) and are mistakenly classified as adversative conjunctions. To avoid making mistakes, try replacing this double conjunction with the conjunction and.
Wed: Language should not only be understandable or simple, but also language must be good (L. Tolstoy). - Language must be understandable or simple, and language must be good.
4) Compound sentences are very diverse in meaning. Quite often they are close in value to complex sentences.
Wed: If you leave, it will become dark(Shefner). - If you leave, it will become dark; I didn't eat anything, but I didn't feel hungry(Tendryakov). - Although I didn't eat anything, I didn't feel hungry.
However, this is not what is taken into account during analysis. specific meaning, but the meaning is determined by the type of coordinating conjunction (conjunctive, adversative, disjunctive).
Notes In some textbooks and manuals, complex sentences include complex sentences with explanatory conjunctions that is, namely, For example: The board authorized him to speed up the work, that is, in other words, he authorized himself to do this(Kuprin); Bird flights developed as an adaptive instinctive act, namely: it gives birds opportunity to avoid unfavorable winter conditions(Peskov). Other researchers classify them as complex sentences or separate them into an independent type of complex sentences. Some researchers classify sentences with particles only as non-union sentences.
What is a complex sentence? Every schoolchild asked this question. How can you easily determine which sentence is in front of you: simple or complex? It's quite easy, the main thing is to know a few tricky features.
What is a complex sentence: definition, types and examples
A complex sentence is a sentence that contains more than one stem; they are connected by subordinating conjunctions. Also, parts of such a sentence can be connected. It is worth noting that, along with complex sentences, there are also complex sentences in which the parts are connected by the conjunctions “and”, “but”, “a”, in some cases there is a conjunction “yes”. So, before determining what sentence is in front of you, you need to note the grammatical basics; if there are two or more of them, then you need to ask a question from one of them. The part from which the question is asked is called the main part, and the part to which the question is asked is called the subordinate part.
A complex sentence, examples of which will be presented below, may include several types of connection of parts, for example, parallel, sequential. With parallel, the question is asked from the main part to the rest, with sequential - from each to the next. This suggests that in a complex sentence the dependent parts are always unequal.
What is a complex sentence? Now there is an answer to this question: it is a sentence with unequal dependent clauses that are joined by a subordinating conjunction. Now we need to move on to classification. There are determinative, adverbial, which, in turn, have about 7 more subspecies, as well as explanatory. The first type is the type of sentence when the dependent part answers the questions of adjectives, that is, it creates the emotional coloring of the sentence. For example: “The garden, due to which the house was not visible, was famous place in the city". Explanatory answers to questions in all cases except the nominative. This can easily be confused with a definition, so it is very important to ask the question correctly. For example: “Nikita was thinking about the same thing his sister was talking about earlier.”
The largest group is complex sentences with an adverbial clause; there are about 7 additional subclauses: subordinate clauses, causes, goals, conditions, places, consequences and others. It is quite easy to distinguish them: all the questions that can be asked of adverbs will be asked in this case. Therefore, as a rule, identifying a part is simple and easy.
What is the answer to this question can be found in the article. In addition to the definition, the article presents all classifications of types of subordination, as well as types subordinate parts. Having such information, you can safely go to the unified state exam, because some of the questions aimed at increased level, is associated precisely with the task of determining the type or type of subordination of parts in a sentence.
complex and painstaking work. Not all children learn a new topic right away; some need time to figure it out and understand the essence of the rule. Knowing the definition by heart, a child cannot always give examples and apply the rule in practice. There are many types of offers. Let's look at complex sentences in more detail and look at examples with diagrams together.
The concept of complex sentences
Before you start explaining a new topic to your child, figure it out yourself. The student will grasp the essence of the topic only when he feels confident from an adult. Where to start explaining new material? Ask your child to make a sentence consisting of two parts, connected by a conjunction and a meaning.
For example:
I saw something behind the curtain and ran into another room so as not to scream in fear.
Analyzing the sentence, we conclude that it consists of two bases connected by the conjunction “and”. Both parts of the sentence are connected in meaning, that is, one is subordinate to the other.
Let's look at the rule:
The definition must not only be learned, but also understood. Along with it, highlight the basics of simple sentences and depict them schematically. Ask to use the example diagram to create your own proposal. If a student has difficulty completing a task, help him. Read the definition again, think together and start completing the task.
To begin with, use a simple scheme where two simple sentences are connected by a conjunction or a conjunctive word. Do not use too many minor terms, otherwise the child will get confused and will not be able to punctuate and highlight the main terms.
Conjunctions and allied words
NGNs are linked together by conjunctions and allied words. Print them out for your child so they are always at hand:
Explain to the child that they are members of a sentence, so when parsing they need to be taken into account.
If in homework It is said that it is necessary to find complex sentences in the text, teach your child to use the action algorithm. Print it out and hang it above your student's desk. When completing the task, the reminder will be useful to the child and he will easily remember how to find a complex sentence.
Independent work
To consolidate the material covered, invite your child to complete the task independently. After the job is done, check for accuracy. I made mistakes, don’t be angry, because the topic is really not simple. Mom dictates sentences, the child completes the task:
Next, teach your curious fidget to use the diagrams. Show how to mark a main clause as a subordinating clause. Tell us that the subordination in a sentence can be different: stems can be connected sequentially, parallelly and homogeneously. On specific examples explain the difference using diagrams:
Important point! The subordinate clause can appear in any part of the sentence.
IN in this case you can make a proposal:
When it started to rain, we came home.
Or another option:
When we arrived home, it started to rain.
May be so:
We came home when it started to rain.
As you can see, by swapping the basics, the meaning remains. Come up with your own simple examples where the subordinate clause is at the beginning, middle and end of the sentence.
Many children cannot immediately determine which type a particular sentence belongs to. Don't worry, when studying new topics, the teacher and the children repeat the material covered to refresh their memory. After all, everything is interconnected, and if you miss one, it is very difficult to understand the other.
Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses There are two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main sentence; 2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.
I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous And heterogeneous.
1. Homogeneous subordinate clauses, like homogeneous members, they have the same meaning, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (only with the help of intonation). For example:
1) [But sad to think], (which is in vain was us youth is given), (What cheated to her all the time), (that deceived us she)... (A. Pushkin)- [verb], (conjunction What),(union What),(union What)...
2) [Dersu said], (What these are not clouds, but fog) So what Tomorrow it will be a sunny day and even hot) (V. Arsenyev).[verb], (what) and (what).
The connection of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause is called homogeneous subordination.
It should be borne in mind that with a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, it is possible to omit a conjunction or conjunction in the second (third) subordinate clause, for example:
(Where is the cheerful the sickle was walking) And ( the ear fell), [now everything is empty] (F. Tyutchev).(where) and ("), ["].
2. Heterogeneous subordinate clauses have different meaning, answer different questions or depend on different words in a sentence. For example:
(If I have hundred lives), [ they wouldn't satisfy all thirst for knowledge], ( which burns me) (V. Bryusov)- (union If),[noun], (v. word which).
The connection of heterogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause is called parallel subordination.
II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree), etc. For example:
[She was horrified"], (When found out), (that the letter was carried father) (F. Dostoevsky)- , (With. When verb.), (p. What).
This connection is called consistent submission.
With sequential subordination, one clause can be inside another; in this case, two subordinating conjunctions may appear side by side: What And just in case And when that And because etc. (for punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions, see the section “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with two or more subordinate clauses”). For example:
[The water collapsed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers fled below), after them already were flying raging streams) (M. Bulgakov).
[uk.sl. so + adv.], (what, (when),").
In complex sentences with three or more subordinate clauses, there may be more complex combinations of subordinate clauses, for example:
(Who in young age didn't connect yourself by strong connections with an external and beautiful cause or, according to at least, with simple but honest and useful work), [ he can count your youth lost without a trace], (as if cheerfully she neither passed) and how many would pleasant memories she neither left).
(who), [pronoun], (however), (however). (Complex sentence with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination).
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.
4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a verb), characterize the means of communication (conjunctions or allied words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).
5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (uniform, parallel, sequential).
Sample analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
1) [You look at the pale green sky, strewn with stars, (on which there is not a cloud or spot), and you'll understand], (why is summer warm air immovable), (why nature is on guard) (A. Chekhov).
[noun, (sel. on which), verb.], (sel. Why),(sel. Why).
will determine. will explain. will explain.
Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which?, on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - explanatory clauses (depending on the verb you'll understand answer the question What?, join with a conjunctive word Why).
2) [Any the person knows], (what should he have to do not that, ( what divides him with people), otherwise), ( what connects him with them) (L. Tolstoy).
[verb], (conjunction What locality, (village) What), places.), (s.ate.what).
will explain. local-determined local-determined
Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with sequential and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - explanatory clause (depending on the verb knows answers the question What?, joins the union What), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronominal clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun That, answers the question which one?, joins with a conjunctive word What).
.1. Non-union complex sentences
Non-union complex sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of conjunctions or allied words: [Habit from above to us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).
The semantic relations between simple sentences in conjunctions and are expressed in different ways. IN union proposals conjunctions take part in their expression, so the semantic relationships here are more definite and clear. For example, union So expresses the consequence because- the reason, If- condition, however- opposition, etc.
The semantic relationships between simple sentences are expressed less clearly than in a conjunction. In terms of semantic relationships, and often in intonation, some are closer to complex ones, others - to complex ones. However, it is often the same non-union complex sentence in meaning it can be similar to both a compound and a complex sentence. Wed, for example: The spotlights came on- it became light all around; The spotlights came on and it became light all around; When the spotlights came on, it became light all around.
Meaningful relations in non-union complex sentences depend on the content of the simple sentences included in them and are expressed in oral speech intonation, and in writing with various punctuation marks (see section “Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentence»).
IN non-union complex sentences possible the following types semantic relations between simple sentences (parts):
I. Enumerative(some facts, events, phenomena are listed):
[I_ did not see you for a whole week], [I haven't heard you for a long time] (A. Chekhov) -, .
Such non-union complex sentences approach complex sentences with a connecting conjunction And.
Like the compound sentences synonymous with them, non-union complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity listed events and 2) their sequences.
1) \ Bemep howled plaintively and quietly], [in the darkness the horses neighed], [from the camp swam tender and passionate song- thought] (M. Gorky) -,,.
stirred ], [fluttered up half asleep bird] (V. Garshin)- ,.
Non-union complex sentences with enumerative relations may consist of two sentences, or may include three or more simple sentences.
II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what is said in the first):
[I unhappy]: [every day guests] (A. Chekhov). Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex subordinates with subordinate clauses.
III. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the first):
1) [Items were lost your form]: [ everything merged first into a gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-
2) [Like all Moscow residents, yours Father is like that]: [I would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov)-
Such non-union sentences are synonymous with sentences with an explanatory conjunction namely.
IV. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or a word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back and so on.; in the second case we can talk about skipping words like see, hear and so on.):
1) [Nastya during the story I remembered]: [from yesterday remained whole untouched cast iron boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.
2) [I came to my senses, Tatyana looks]: [bear No]... (A. Pushkin)- :.
Such non-conjunctive sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses (I remembered that...; looks (and sees that)...).
V. Comparative and adversative relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or contrasted with it):
1) [All happy family looks like and each other], [each unhappy family but in my own way] (L. Tolstoy)- ,.
2) [Rank followed to him]- [he suddenly left] (A. Griboyedov)- - .
Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex sentences with adversative conjunctions a, but.
VI. Conditional-temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):
1) [Do you like to ride] - [love and sleigh carry] (proverb)- - .
2) [See you with Gorky]- [talk with him] (A. Chekhov)--.
Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with subordinate clauses of condition or time.
VII. Consequences(the second sentence states the consequence of what is said in the first):
[Small the rain is falling since morning]- [it's impossible to get out] (I. Turgenev)- ^TT
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