Lung ultrasound or fluorography. Which is better: fluorography or x-ray of the lungs. Indications for examination

All adults undergo a fluorographic examination every year. X-ray is a similar test, but it is not a mandatory diagnosis. Why does this happen and how do these x-ray diagnostic methods differ? To answer this question, it is necessary to consider x-rays and fluorography separately. This will help identify the similarities and differences between them.

What is X-ray

Radiography (or x-ray) is an x-ray method for studying the internal structures of the human body. The image is obtained by exposing organs and tissues to x-rays. Moreover, the image (photograph) of the organs is life-size. Radiography happens:

Survey (for example, chest x-ray);
Targeted (a specific organ or area of the body is studied).

There are currently 2 types of X-ray machines in use:

Film (old model). The radiation that a person receives during the examination is 0.27 m3v;
Digital (modern model of the device). With its help, the radiation exposure to the patient is significantly reduced (up to 0.03 m3v).

The result of this examination is a clear image in which microscopic pathological changes (about 2 millimeters in diameter) are recorded. However, X-rays are used only to clarify and make the correct diagnosis. It is not prescribed for preventive purposes.

What is fluorography

Fluorography is a radiological diagnostic method based on the use of X-rays. Using this method, the chest organs (lungs, heart, large bronchi and aorta) are examined.

The result of the study is a photograph. However, its size differs from the image obtained by radiography. In this case, the photo is small (11 cm x 11 cm). Its distinctive feature is that it can be in digital format.

Devices for fluorography are also divided into 2 types:

Film. When conducting an examination with this device, a person receives radiation equal to 0.55 m3v;
Digital – modern equipment, the radiation of which is significantly lower than older models and is equal to 0.05 m3v.

Fluorography is used for preventive purposes. It helps to identify respiratory diseases at an early stage of development. However, it should be noted that this examination is not carried out on children under 14 years of age and pregnant women under any circumstances.

What is the difference between X-ray and fluorography?

Both x-rays and fluorography belong to x-ray research methods and at first glance are no different. However, there are enough differences between them. To understand how X-rays differ from fluorography, it is necessary to consider their characteristics in comparison.

What is the difference between fluorography and chest x-ray?

Chest X-ray and fluorography are aimed at examining organs such as the heart, right and left lungs, bronchi and aorta.

Let's look at the difference between fluorography and x-ray of the lungs. It should be noted that fluorography and chest x-ray have different purposes. If fluorography is more often used during a preventive examination, then x-rays are prescribed only if lung or heart disease is suspected. This is due to the information content, that is, the quality of the images. X-rays produce clearer images. They are larger in size, which allows for a better view of the structure of organs and pathologically altered areas.

If we talk about which study is more revealing, then radiography wins.

If we compare them by radiation dose, then at first glance fluorography loses. Because the dose of X-rays is higher. But one should take into account the fact that when diagnosing pathologies of the heart (congenital defects) and lungs (pneumonia, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and so on), radiography in 2 or more projections is required. Therefore, the total radiation dose is the same, or higher for x-rays.

No preparation is required for fluorography and simple x-rays. If radiography is performed using a contrast agent, preparation will be required. The attending physician will warn you about this.

What is better to do: chest x-ray or fluorography? Based on the above arguments, it is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. After all, these diagnostic methods are each good in their field of application. However, if you suspect diseases of organs located in the chest, preference should be given to radiography.

Indications for fluorography

All adults and adolescents 15 years of age and older must undergo fluorography once a year. However, not all people follow this, which can lead to negative consequences. In this regard, it is necessary to identify groups of people who should under no circumstances avoid this preventive procedure:

People working in the field of education (teachers, educators);
Workers in “harmful industries” (chemicals, dyes, asbestos, cement, silicates, steel production, coal mining, and so on);
Medical staff of maternity, perinatal, infectious diseases departments, anti-tuberculosis hospitals;
Patients with chronic diseases.

Indications for X-ray of the lungs

An X-ray of the lungs is prescribed if the patient has certain complaints and symptoms that indicate the presence or development of pathology. Quite often, this symptom is a prolonged cough that cannot be treated. However, there are others Indications for X-ray of the lungs:

Possible harm from fluorography or x-rays

When prescribing an x-ray examination, the doctor must evaluate the benefit to the person and the harm that may be caused to the person. Many people exaggerate the harm that this examination can cause. However, one should not deny the fact that x-rays and fluorography are harmful.

The body is harmed by the radiation that a person receives during the procedure. What is the effect of X-rays on organs and tissues:

A short-term change in blood composition, which can lead to anemia;
The structure of proteins (proteins) changes;
The process of origin, development and vital activity of cells is disrupted;
Early aging of cells and tissues;
Degeneration of cells and tissues.

Adverse effects of X-rays can lead to the development of malignant tumors.

Radiation exposure is especially dangerous for pregnant women and children. Pregnant women exposed to radiation may experience spontaneous abortion and disruption of labor. But what suffers most is the fetus, which is at high risk of developing congenital diseases and developmental abnormalities. In children, X-rays can cause growth and development problems. And also in a small child there is a high probability of developing a cancerous tumor in the area exposed to dangerous rays.

Now you know how X-rays differ from fluorography and which procedure should be chosen in different cases. Also on our website you can find answers to popular questions about x-rays and fluorography -.

There are cases when, due to diagnostic needs, in order to select further treatment tactics, it is necessary to perform several research methods on the same day. To determine whether it is possible to take them one after another and how safe it is, it is necessary to understand the principles of operation of diagnostic techniques.

Operating principle of equipment and indications for organ examination

Computer tomograph

Computed tomography is a non-invasive examination method that allows you to obtain a layer-by-layer image of the part of the body or organ being examined. Its operating principle is based on X-ray radiation. X-rays pass through the patient's body at different angles. The difference in tissue density and the degree of ray absorption are taken into account. The information is read by sensors located around the perimeter of the diagnostic table.

The obtained data is processed by a computer program, after which layer-by-layer three-dimensional images are obtained. The duration of the procedure is about five minutes. It can be done with contrast.

CT is indicated for examination:

abdominal organs;
kidneys and urinary tract, pelvic organs (fallopian tubes, prostate);
lungs;
bones (in the presence of injuries, diseases of the skeletal system, sinusitis, otitis);
pathologies of the thyroid gland.

Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging is a hardware diagnostic method based on the action of a magnetic field. The device contains a magnetic field generator. The nuclei of hydrogen atoms located in human tissues come into resonance with it, as a result of which response electromagnetic radiation is recorded.

The obtained data is analyzed by a special program. As a result, MRI produces layer-by-layer three-dimensional computer images. This technique has greater penetrating ability when examining soft tissues. The method is safer because ionizing radiation is not used. The duration of the procedure is 20-30 minutes.

MRI is indicated for examination:

brain and spinal cord;
spine;
joints;
mammary glands;
internal organs (including trachea, esophagus, abdominal and pelvic organs).

Radiography

Radiography is a diagnostic method based on the action of x-rays. The body part under study is located between the source of ionizing radiation and the receiving panel. Rays from an X-ray tube pass through human tissues, which have different compositions and densities and do not transmit radiation equally.

Images of varying degrees of accuracy are obtained due to the attenuation of X-ray radiation as it passes through organs. The image is recorded on X-ray sensitive film or on an electronic matrix. The air and air structures in the image are dark. Dense tissues (for example, bones) are light. The procedure takes about a minute. X-rays may be performed with contrast.

Radiography is indicated in the study:

lungs;
skeletal system and teeth;
abdominal cavity (diagnosis of perforation of hollow organs, gall bladder and kidney stones).

Fluorography of the chest

Fluorography is a preventive method for recognizing lung pathologies based on the action of x-ray radiation. The picture is taken while inhaling. The operating principle is the same as for radiography. X-rays pass through the chest and, due to the different tissue transmittances, produce an image that is displayed on a computer screen.

This is a widespread diagnostic method because it is economical and has less radiation exposure (using new equipment) than radiography. The result is a low-resolution image (elements larger than 5 mm are visualized) and a reduced size, which makes it possible to determine the presence and approximate localization of pathology, but does not provide more accurate information.

Fluorography is indicated annually for children of high school age and the entire adult population. Allows you to identify:

pneumonia;
tuberculosis;
oncopathology, volumetric and cavitary formations;
foreign bodies.

X-ray or fluorography and MRI on the same day

The action of MRI is based on a magnetic field. X-ray and fluorography - using X-ray radiation. Magnetic and ionizing radiation do not affect each other. These studies can be done in one day, if necessary. Often this is necessary to clarify the diagnosis and does not cause more harm to the body.

Fluorography is not performed after radiography, as this is impractical. The opposite situation is quite real. If a pathology is detected as a result of fluorography, the patient can be referred for further examination using radiography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, depending on the situation.

CT scan after x-ray

These research methods are based on x-rays. CT has a high radiation dose because it involves taking a series of images. It is not advisable to do a CT scan after an x-ray. If possible, it is necessary to delay the completion of these studies. If this is not possible, the decision should take into account the fact that the diagnostic benefit must outweigh the harm.

When repeatedly performing studies based on X-ray radiation, they are guided by the amount of permissible radiation exposure. For a preventive examination, the permissible dose is 1 mSv per year, for a diagnostic examination – 10 mSv per year. The dose received depends on the method, the organ being examined, and the number of images taken. The total exposure is strictly calculated and recorded in medical records.

Limitations for procedures

CT is contraindicated:

Contraindications for MRI include the presence of electronic implants, pacemakers, metal clips, staples, prostheses and other elements. Problems may arise in patients with claustrophobia, inappropriate behavior of the patient, in children, because a person needs to lie still for about 30 minutes. In patients weighing more than 110 kg, the examination may not be possible due to the design of the device.

X-ray is contraindicated:

during pregnancy;
children (performed if there is no alternative).

Fluorography is contraindicated for:

pregnancy;
severe respiratory failure.

IN 1895 year, the German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen discovered a previously unknown type of radiation, later named X-ray after the discoverer.

Subsequently, based on this radiation, several methods were born diagnostics, used in medicine to this day.

Fluorographic examination

Fluorography is a fairly old method, the foundations of which were developed almost simultaneously with the discovery of X-ray radiation itself. Italian scientists are considered the “parents” of this procedure A. Battelli, A. Carbasso and American J. M. Bleier.

X-rays passing through the human body are attenuated to varying degrees, depending on the density of organs and tissues. They leave a trace on the fluorescent screen, which is photographed and converted into a visible image. The size of such a photograph is small: small-frame fluorography - 24x24 mm or 35x35 mm, large-frame - 70x70 mm or 100x100 mm.

What is the difference between digital fluorography?

Recently, film photography technologies have been widely replaced by digital studies of organs; this innovation has not bypassed medicine.

Digital fluorography also comes in two types. In the first case, it differs from film only in that on the fluorescent screen the X-ray film changes to special matrix.

In the second case, the study is similar to a scanner, when a beam of rays penetrates the body and is detected by a detector (in office scanners such a device moves along the sheet).

The second research method also gives smaller irradiation, but this procedure takes a little longer, although it is safer.

Fluorography is used:

for the purpose of preventive research;
at different diseases lungs (tuberculosis, pneumonia and other bacterial and fungal infections);
at foreign bodies in the lungs;
at pneumosclerosis;
at pneumothorax(the presence of air in the pleural cavity between the lung and the chest wall, usually caused by injury).

How it goes

Fluorography does not require almost any preliminary preparation, it is carried out quickly and does not take more 5 minutes. The patient enters a special room, undresses to the waist, then approaches the apparatus, presses his chest against the plate so that his shoulders came into contact with a screen, and the chin lay in a certain place.

Photo 1. During fluorography, the patient presses his chest against the plate and holds his breath, the doctor will take a picture at this moment.

The doctor checks the correctness of the posture, then leaves the room and asks the patient to hold the breath and takes a photo. At this point, the fluorography procedure is completed, you can get dressed.

Important! Everything needs to be taken off your chest. metal objects: due to their reflectivity, the fluorographic image will be blurry (usually doctors recommend holding a cross or pendant with your lips), and women should collect long hair in a high bun.

X-ray of the lungs: what is the difference

Radiography, in fact, differs little from fluorography: radiation, passing through the internal organs of a person, is projected onto special paper or film. In other words, the difference is that the rays are absorbed by tissues, bones and organs, creating images of organs of varying intensities.

The fundamental difference from fluorography is more the size of the photo, and permission its better. Fluorography gives a very rough idea of the problems in the organs; if more accurate data is needed, radiography is prescribed.

Penetrating the body with radiation, the X-ray machine produces a life-size image. The radiation dose in an X-ray examination is approximately 0.26 mSv.

Recently, film technologies in X-rays have also been replaced by digital ones, which provide more informative images and less radiation ( up to 0.03 mSv).

In what cases are x-rays taken?

Just a couple of decades ago, X-rays were used everywhere; they were gradually replaced by safer methods such as Ultrasound, MRI and CT, but there are areas in which radiography is still relevant:

during research spine And joints, especially with injuries;
during examination mammary glands;
during examination lungs;
to take pictures teeth;
to take pictures ENT organs(for example, sinuses with sinusitis);
in case of obstruction and suspected foreign objects in the stomach or intestines.

How is a chest examination performed?

X-ray examination is probably familiar to every resident of our country; it does not require special preparation in most cases. It is carried out sitting, lying or standing, depending on which organ is being examined; other parts of the body can be covered with a special protective an apron. Moving during radiography is prohibited. The medical worker either leaves the office during the examination or wears some protective clothing for safety reasons.

Important! Talk to your doctor about preparing for an x-ray. For organ studies Gastrointestinal tract, for example, you need exclude from the diet foods that cause increased gas formation so as not to get a questionable result due to the accumulation of gas bubbles.

The main sign of correct patient positioning is the placement of the body part being photographed. as close as possible to the cassette: if the x-ray is blurry, a repeat may be required.

Computed tomography (CT): difference

Computed tomography also refers to x-ray examinations.

This research method is based on the principle layer by layer scanning, that is, X-rays pass through the human body from different angles, then are attenuated in the tissues and organs of the body, and detectors record them at the output.

The received information in different projections is processed by the computer, forming three-dimensional an image that allows a detailed study of the required organ is the main advantage of CT over other radiography methods.

Computed tomography is a relatively recent invention; its development dates back to 1972 year, its creators G. Hounsfield And A. Cormack would later receive the Nobel Prize. The newest research method is also the most expensive; its implementation requires the most powerful tomographs with complex software.

In what cases is it used?

The range of uses of computed tomography is quite wide - almost all organs in certain cases can be examined on a tomograph. Recently, computed tomography, along with a newer method - MRI, has acquired particular importance for the study of diseases spine, intervertebral discs and nearby tissues.

How it goes

The MSCT procedure is very often performed with the introduction contrast, that is, a special liquid (often containing iodine), which improves the contrast of the organs in the image in relation to each other. When examining the gastrointestinal tract, you can take the contrast orally, that is, drink it. The second option is intravenous administration - for blood vessels, the circulatory system, etc.

Photo 2. Magnetic resonance imaging scanner SOMATOM Definition Edge, manufactured by Siemens, is used for computed tomography.

For the computed tomography procedure, the patient undresses, lies down on a special table, fastens himself with belts, then the table begins to move into the circle of the tomograph, at the same time tilting slightly horizontally. It is important to remain still for clear images. A health care worker monitors the process from an adjacent room and may also ask you not to breathe for a while. The study lasts on average 30 minutes.

Important! Don't forget to take everything off metal things, they will distort the result of the photo.

How often can the study be carried out?

In our country, fluorography is carried out annually the entire adult population over 15 years old for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Why is the age set at 15 years and once a year? The fact is that fluorography, like any x-ray examination, exposes the body to radiation dose 0.6-0.8 mSv. For the same reason, the method is not used for studies of other organs. Digital fluorography allows you to reduce the radiation dose to 0.05 mSv.

Sometimes an X-ray examination is prescribed for people at risk (suspicion of a tumor, dark spots in the lungs, contact with tuberculosis patients), in such cases the procedure is allowed to be performed more often, usually once every 6 months.

All types of x-rays should not be used if available alternative. But if you suspect a particular disease, it is better not to refuse the procedure, because if the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment of the disease at the wrong time will clearly cause you more damage than a small dose of radiation from the procedure.

For example, when treating cancer, patients often have to resort to computed tomography several times a year. Everything is individual, the main thing is that the expected benefit of the study is higher than the possible harm.

Is it possible to conduct research simultaneously?

Simultaneity should be understood as carrying out all three research in 1 day. Such a need is rare, but if it happens, simultaneity will not affect the result in any way. The main thing is not to exceed total annual dose of radiation.

Reference! The permissible total exposure in annual terms in Russia is assumed to be equal to 1.4 mSv, in the UK it is equal to - 0.3 mSv, in Japan - 0.8 mSv, in USA - 0.4 mSv.

Contraindications to radiography and tomography

pregnant women, especially in the first trimester;
at severe the patient's condition;
in the presence of open bleeding And pneumothorax.

The ban on contrast tomography is due to the need to remove the substance from the body, so contrast CT is not performed on people:

With renal insufficiency;
with severe form diabetes mellitus;
With active form of tuberculosis.

Contrast CT scans can be performed on breastfeeding women, with the caveat that feeding will have to be interrupted for two days until the substance leaves the body.

Children's age is not an absolute contraindication for radiography; you just need to be careful, perform studies only when necessary and take into account the total amount of radiation.

Photo 3. During pregnancy, dental x-rays can be taken: for this, the woman is wearing a special apron that will protect both the patient and the fetus from radiation.

If a woman needs an x-ray during pregnancy tooth, then this is possible, but with certain precautions. So, the abdomen, pelvis and chest will be closed with a special an apron, which will protect the baby from radiation during the procedure. Regarding head and neck irradiation, studies have shown that it does not have significant effects on the fetus.

Is it the same thing or is there a difference?

Obviously, the fluorographic examination that we do every year is a less accurate and effective method. Why do more accurate X-rays and CT scans perform only confirmatory functions?

The fact is that an X-ray examination costs approximately 6 times more expensive fluorography (let alone computed tomography), so this decision is usually made for economic reasons. However, this is not a reason to worry, since for preventive purposes, for diagnosing tuberculosis, fluorography is quite 0 out of 5 is enough.
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Few people know how x-rays differ from fluorography, however, many are interested in this. Relevant information is needed in order to understand what is harmful to do and what is not, and how often you can undergo these examinations. In addition to the different mechanism of impact, surveys are interpreted differently and used for different purposes.

Fluorography of the lungs is a special X-ray diagnostic technique, the essence of which is to photograph the shadow of the organs of the chest itself, which is carried out using a fluorescent screen directly on photographic film. This method is still used even though it is very outdated. Today it is quite possible to convert it into a digital image.

But x-ray is a special study by recording objects on film. It can be not only the lungs, but all parts of the body.

X-ray of the lungs and fluorography have a significant difference. Patients should understand that fluorography is considered safer, since it is less radioactive and does not have such a negative effect on a person. But its problem is that it has lower resolution, which can affect the very quality of the result.

What is fluorography and what you should know for yourself

Absolutely every person has encountered a referral for fluorographic examination. This is what is done as a “legal” screening for lung diseases. And what’s most interesting is that without it, the doctor will not sign the medical commission.

Doing fluorography is very popular today - there is a large influx of tuberculosis patients in our country and there is a need to prevent the spread of the problem.

It is worth understanding that undergoing a test once a year is not harmful, since a single dose does not exceed 0.015 mSv, while the preventive radiation dose is 1 mSv. All this suggests that an overdose from a procedure such as fluorography can only happen if it is done about 1000 times in one year. It is worth understanding that without a doctor’s prescription and his wishes, you do not need to pursue this procedure on your own.

Today there are several types of fluorography:

Unfortunately, in our hospitals and clinics, the rooms where such procedures are performed have old equipment. An examination is required in the following cases:

FLG for those who visit this or that medical institution for the first time;
Those who live with a pregnant woman or in a family with a newborn child must also undergo the procedure;
those who undergo a medical examination before joining the army or those who enter contract service;
HIV infected.

According to legal standards, it is enough to carry out the procedure no more than twice a year.

What you should know about X-rays of the lungs and how harmful it is

Radiography is essentially an alternative to fluorography itself, but it has its own advantage - greater resolution. It is interesting that an x-ray can show shadows in an image up to 2 mm, which cannot be said about fluorography, where shadows of only 5 mm can be observed.

A procedure such as an x-ray is prescribed for bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, cancer, and so on. By the way, fluorography is considered a preventive method. The mechanism of the procedure itself is quite simple: certain areas are illuminated when X-rays pass through them. When a patient undergoes this procedure, he is irradiated.

In medical institutions we see old devices, characterized by the fact that they irradiate the patient many times more than is necessary and possible for a person. With the new equipment, no harm is observed at all from X-rays of the lungs. But when it comes to the treatment of acute pneumonia, doctors do not go through private or public clinics to choose new equipment, since it is necessary to make an urgent diagnosis as quickly as possible. Exposure on the device should not exceed 0.6 mSv per year, but if we talk about old equipment, then a person can receive 1.5 mSv on it.

The modern digital fluorography method has less radiation impact on the patient’s body, while x-ray of the lungs is a more informative way to determine lung pathologies, but less safe.

It is worth understanding that it is dangerous to take an x-ray in the following cases:

During pregnancy;
Before planned conception.

If you have pneumonia, your doctor may order an x-ray. To undergo this procedure, the patient does not need to prepare in any way in advance or take additional items with him. There is only one condition that is required in order to do an x-ray correctly - remove all unnecessary accessories from the chest (chains, laces, etc.). It is not necessary to undress, you can remain underwear (but without iron fasteners).

There are two types of chest radiography:

The ultimate goal of the procedure is to obtain a special image, by examining which the doctor can determine the diagnosis and prescribe a course of treatment. Of course, it is difficult to decipher such a photograph on your own. This is done by a specially trained person. He will easily study the forms of darkening and clearing, and will also be able to examine the intensity of the lines and their shade, and from the entire material he will be able to draw a conclusion about the work and pathology of the internal organs. For example, lung cancer in the image will be depicted as round spots of different diameters, but at the same time having clear boundaries. If the boundaries are not clear, but blurred, then this will indicate cardiovascular diseases or pneumonia. But tuberculosis in the picture will be depicted in the form of intense lines in combination with small, darkened areas.

Radiation doses and whether it is possible to replace one method with another

X-ray or fluorography, which is better and what differences are they characterized by? These are essentially two chest x-rays. But how are they different? Of course, they are associated with radiation, and the dose of radiation itself depends not only on the research method, but also on the equipment itself and its characteristics.

Fluorography is done, as a rule, with only one picture, which cannot be said about x-rays, which are taken in several projections. If we talk about FLG, then the patient receives a dosage of 0.5 VZM, but with an x-ray (in each of the two projections) - 0.5 VZM.

Fluorography and X-ray of the lungs, what is the difference? In the first option we get a very small picture. If we are talking about a small-frame photograph, then it is 30*30, and if we are talking about a large-frame photograph, then it is 70*70. X-rays allow you to get a larger image that allows you to see your organs in more detail.
It is logical that fluorography saves film, since the picture is very small, but the standardization of the method is reduced, which means that it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis during the study.

During pregnancy, breastfeeding, and planning, you should not carry out both x-ray and fluorographic examination of the chest organs.

What is better: fluorography or x-ray? Is it possible to replace one with the other? X-ray is inherently the simplest and most informative method of studying the internal organs and bones of a person. But fluorographic examination is simply aimed at identifying lung diseases. The principle lies in both cases, the same, but for all that, the goals are different. It is incorrect to say whether one can do one instead of the other.

the radiation dose is not so high;
ease and simplicity of passage, minimal waste of time;
can identify the patient’s problem, after which it will be possible to refer for further examination and treatment.

It is worth understanding that no one prescribes x-rays as a screening, so here is the superiority of fluorography.

Also, many people are interested in the question: can X-rays be taken after fluorography? When a person goes for fluorography and receives unsatisfactory results, he may be referred for an x-ray. But it is not recommended to do fluorography after an x-ray. If a person has had an X-ray of his lungs, then it is logical that he does not need FLG. If he took an X-ray of the spine (where there is a large dose of radiation), there is no need to do fluorography right away. It's worth waiting a while.

Most often, the doctor prescribes an x-ray after fluorography in the following cases:

if there is wheezing in the lungs;
if the patient feels chest pain;
if the patient experiences severe shortness of breath;
with a strong and prolonged cough.

An X-ray of the lungs can diagnose a patient with the following diseases:

Is it possible to replace one with the other? The question is serious. It is often believed that fluorography is harmful, but x-rays are not, or vice versa. But in any case, a person must do something to clarify problems with the respiratory system. If you choose an x-ray yourself, then all responsibility falls on the shoulders of the patient himself.

Speaking about the number of procedures performed, here you can see the following: x-rays of the lungs, the patient can do exactly as many times as the doctor tells him. If we talk about preventive measures, then the dose should not exceed 1 mSv per year. It is logical that when prescribing a doctor should take into account the harm of the X-ray itself.

Where can I get an x-ray or fluorography?

Since this procedure involves radiation, in order to obtain a detailed result, the equipment must be of very high quality and reliable. The older the equipment, the greater the chance of getting excess radiation exposure and poor-quality images. New devices provide excellent picture quality and minimal harm to health. But it is almost impossible to find such equipment in a municipal institution, since the equipment there is mostly outdated. In addition, in private clinics, you can undergo fluorography using good equipment for a fee.

X-ray and fluorography are two methods of examining the internal organs of a person, without which most diagnoses cannot be made. You need to approach this method of diagnosis carefully and not violate the regimen and recommendations for its implementation. If you have undergone fluorography, you do not need to do it every three or four months. It is enough to do 1 per year. And if you did FLG once, but lost its result, you can get a copy at the hospital help desk so you don’t have to do it again. If there is no need to make a regent, then it is logical not to do it just like that. Radiation in high doses can be harmful, so be careful and attentive to these two studies.

To detect diseases of the lungs and other organs of the respiratory system, methods such as fluorography and radiography are commonly used. Let's consider what lung X-ray and fluorography have in common, what is the difference between them.

Each of these two techniques is based on exposing the patient to high, but short-term, X-rays. When they pass through the tissue, uneven exposure of the film occurs in certain areas. The resulting image allows us to judge the diagnostic object.

Fluorography and x-rays are similar diagnostic methods. Is there a difference between them? To answer this question, it is important to understand what these procedures are.

Fluorography is a primary examination of the chest using R-irradiation. The rays illuminate a special film, compactly illustrating the condition of the lungs. Much the same method was previously used in photography (but without radiation). The result is a small image from which you can assess the condition of the chest. This form of examination is rarely applied to other areas of the body.

Based on the results of fluorography, only some obvious signs of disease can be detected. First of all, these are tuberculosis and cancer. This technique is screening; it does not provide the opportunity to obtain detailed, clear images, but only indicates dangerous zones and signs of diseases. Therefore, you should not be surprised if after fluorography the doctor writes out a referral for an x-ray.

With the help of an x-ray you can see a clearer picture. If fluorography reveals signs of pneumonia, tuberculosis or cancer in a patient, an x-ray will indicate the exact location of the lesions, their shape, size, and structure. Diagnostics, which is carried out using good modern equipment, greatly increases the efficiency of the study.

Modern diagnostic equipment does not work with film, but on the basis of digital technologies. Thus, the radiation received during irradiation has noticeably decreased (from 0.5 mSv to 0.05 mSv). Unfortunately, such equipment is not yet available in all clinics.

Features of the methods

In general terms, we talked about what a chest x-ray or fluorography is and how they differ from each other. Let's summarize and supplement the list:

fluorography is intended for preventive examination and primary diagnosis, x-rays are prescribed to clarify the diagnosis and obtain information about the location, type and extent of the lesion;
fluorography is effective for diagnosing tuberculosis and cancer; x-rays, in addition to lung diseases, reveal problems with the heart, blood vessels, and bone tissue;
with x-rays, the radiation dose the patient receives is usually lower. It all depends on the characteristics of the diagnostic equipment;
With x-rays, the clarity of the resulting image on photographic film is higher than with fluorography.

How it goes

Diagnostics using X-ray irradiation always takes place in a specially equipped protected room. Before taking a photo, the patient must undress to the waist and remove all metal jewelry (watch, chain, etc.).

The patient stands in front of a special shield in which a film cassette is installed and presses closely against it. The tube from which the X-rays come is located approximately two meters away. At the doctor’s signal, you need to inhale and freeze for a couple of seconds.

After the procedure is completed, the person gets dressed and waits for a medical report.

What do these surveys show?

Fluorography accurately detects tumors, pulmonary tuberculosis, signs of pneumonia and other lesions.

Chest X-ray shows not only these diseases. Using X-rays, you can most accurately diagnose tuberculosis, cancer, pneumonia, as well as benign tumors and occupational changes. If signs of disease are confirmed, you should contact a specialized doctor at the clinic to prescribe treatment.

X-ray reveals pathologies of the lymph nodes, some heart diseases, and provides information about the condition of the aorta and inferior vena cava. For a detailed study of disturbances in the functioning of the heart and coronary vessels, the patient is referred to EchoCG.

X-ray photographs provide excellent visualization of the bones and joints of the upper body.

When planning a pregnancy

Fluorography and x-rays are very well tolerated and usually do not require specialized training, but some contraindications exist.

Thus, for planned or confirmed pregnancy, fluorography is not recommended. The resulting radiation can be dangerous to the embryo. In the first weeks of pregnancy, when the baby's future organs are actively developing, such a test is contraindicated. In subsequent months, the study is carried out using precautions - shielding the abdomen.

X-ray is a procedure prescribed to confirm a preliminary diagnosis, and radiation exposure during radiography is certainly present. However, if the risk of possible consequences for the woman is assessed to be higher than for the fetus, the doctor may order an examination. Therefore, pregnancy and planning to conceive cannot be considered absolute contraindications. Moreover, when examining the chest, the danger to the child is many times lower than, for example, during an X-ray or CT scan of the pelvic bones.

If alternatives are acceptable, then ultrasound is recommended for pregnant women in the first two trimesters, and X-rays with screening are allowed in the 3rd trimester.

Fluorography and x-rays in childhood

What is better for children: fluorography or x-ray?

Children under 14 years of age are prohibited from undergoing fluorography. X-rays are allowed at any age, but they are prescribed only if the following indications exist:

cough lasting longer than two weeks;
suspected pneumonia;
positive Mantoux reaction.

How many times a year can x-rays be taken?

According to SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, everyone must undergo annual fluorography. The only exceptions are children under 14 years of age and pregnant women.

X-rays are prescribed for suspected diseases localized in the chest area or injuries. There are no restrictions on frequency or dosage. The need for an x-ray is determined by the doctor individually, taking into account indications and contraindications, as well as taking into account the factors of likely consequences if the procedure is refused.

In case of emergency, x-rays and fluorography can be performed on the same day.

What is the difference between fluorography and x-ray of the lungs

Many people believe that chest x-ray and fluorography are the same thing. They are partly right. A chest X-ray is the same fluorography, which is simply performed on different equipment. The only difference is in the tasks. With fluorography, a routine study is carried out, and with radiography, a clarifying study is carried out, since such a diagnosis is more informative. They are not carried out simultaneously unless necessary. If the results of fluorography reveal unfavorable symptoms, the following may additionally be prescribed:

X-ray;
CT scan;
ultrasonography;
endoscopy.

If necessary, fluorography can be replaced with one of the above methods, as is done with children under 14 years of age.

The difference lies in the quality of the pictures. Fluorography may not detect minor lesions or diseases of the respiratory tract in the early stages.

Fluorography is a preventive form of examination, which is recommended to be completed annually if there are no complaints. X-rays are prescribed in the presence of symptoms of diseases, pathologies identified on fluorographic images, and also as monitoring of ongoing treatment.

What is more harmful: X-ray or fluorography?

If X-ray of the lungs and fluorography are compared, which method is more harmful? You need to compare the total radiation exposure to the body. Everything depends not only on the chosen technique, but also on the type of equipment. The radiation dose when undergoing an examination using modern digital equipment is reduced many times, for example:

when performing fluorography using digital equipment, the exposure rate is only 0.05 mSv;
if you carry out film diagnostics, then the indicators increase almost tenfold (0.3-0.5 mSv).

If we compare X-rays and fluorography using equipment of the same class, then when taking pictures, a higher level of radiation comes from the second. But it should be borne in mind that when undergoing fluorography, only one frame is taken. To obtain objective radiographic results, one overview and several targeted images of the area under study are often taken. Thus, the total radiation dose from x-rays may be higher.

How to check the lungs other than fluorography and x-rays

The most common method of studying the lungs, after X-rays and fluorography, is computed tomography. It is also based on X-rays emanating from a tomograph. These rays reach the internal organs at different angles and fall on special ultra-sensitive sensors. They are the ones who convert the radiation into an image, which helps doctors obtain complete information about the patient’s condition.

Like cystography of the urinary system, that is, an x-ray of the bladder, CT of the lungs can be performed using a contrast agent. Indications for this form of research:

suspected pneumonia;
benign and malignant tumors;
primary and secondary metastases;
pleurisy;
lymphadenopathy and others.

In some cases, ultrasound may be used as an alternative. When undergoing this form of examination, as with duplex scanning of liver vessels, it is possible to study the functional state of the vascular bed of the chest area. Simultaneously with an ultrasound of the lungs, veins and other vessels of the upper extremities, as well as the mammary glands, are often scanned.

Do not forget about endoscopic diagnostic methods. Examination of the pleural cavity is carried out under general anesthesia using a thoracoscope, which penetrates through a small puncture in the chest.

Characteristics	Radiography	Fluorography
Irradiation	The radiation dose that the patient receives in this case is lower than with fluorography (from 0.3 to 0.03)	Radiation dose is slightly higher (from 0.55 to 0.05)
Image quality	The images are clear, shadow formations 2 millimeters in diameter are visualized	The quality of the images is lower, you can see shadow formations 5 millimeters in diameter or more
Purpose of the study	Diagnostic. It is carried out if there is a suspicion of a certain pathology. Used to make a diagnosis and monitor the dynamics of the disease under the influence of therapy.	Preventive. Aimed at identifying a hidden pathological process. Widely used to identify people with tuberculosis.
Areas of use	Widely used in various fields of medicine (pulmonology, cardiology, traumatology, surgery, pediatrics, neurology). You can take an x-ray of any organ and bone structure	The scope of application is narrow, since only those organs located in the chest are examined
How often is it carried out?	As needed. For fractures and severe pathologies, the doctor prescribes x-rays several times to track the dynamics of recovery (bone fusion)	Once a year or 2 times a year for certain groups of people
Contraindications	In this case, they are relative, that is, if there is a threat to life, the examination is carried out: Pregnancy; Conception planning period; Recovery after childbirth	Absolute contraindications (not performed under any circumstances): Pregnancy; Conception period; Children under 15 years of age. Menstruation is relative.
Price	Expensive examination	5 – 6 times cheaper than x-rays