476− fall of the Western Roman Empire
486− emergence of the Frankish state
527−565− reign of Justinian in the Byzantine Empire
610− emergence of Islam
632− emergence of the state among the Arabs
800 g− proclamation of Charlemagne as emperor
843− collapse of the Frankish Empire
962− formation of the Holy Roman Empire
1054− division of the Christian Church into Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Catholic)
1066− Norman conquest of England (Battle of Hastings)
1096− first half of the 1270s. /1291 / beginning of the 14th century. (different versions of the end of the era) − Crusades
1204− capture of Constantinople by the crusaders
1215− adoption of the Magna Carta in England
1265− emergence of the English Parliament
1302− convening of the Estates General in France
1337−1453− Hundred Years' War
1358− Jacquerie in France
1381− uprising led by W. Tyler in England
1389− Battle of Kosovo
1419−1434− Hussite Wars
1440s− invention of printing by I. Guttenberg
1455−1485− War of the Roses in England
1461−1483− reign of Louis XI in France
1453− fall of the Byzantine Empire
1485−1509− reign of Henry VII in England
1492− discovery of America by Christopher Columbus
1492− completion of the Reconquista on the Iberian Peninsula
1497−1499− Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India
1517− speech of M. Luther with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany
1519−1522− circumnavigation of the expedition of F. Magellan
1521− Worms Reichstag. Condemnation of M. Luther
1524−1525 (1526)− Peasant War in Germany
1534− beginning of the Reformation in England
1555 g. − Augsburg religious world
1562−1598− religious wars in France
1566−1609− war of liberation in the Netherlands
1569− formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1572− St. Bartholomew's Night in France
1579− Union of Utrecht
1588− defeat of the Invincible Armada by England
1598− Edict of Nantes by Henry IV in France
1618−1648− Thirty Years' War
1624−1642− activities of Cardinal Richelieu as First Minister of France
1640− the beginning of the Long Parliament in England, the beginning of the English bourgeois revolution
1641− adoption of the “Great Remonstrance” by the English Parliament
1642−1649 (sometimes early 1650s) − English Civil War
1643−1715. − reign of the French king Louis XIV
1648− Peace of Westphalia
1649− execution of the English king Charles I
1649− proclamation of England as a republic
1653−1659− protectorate of O. Cromwell
1660− restoration of the Stuart dynasty in England
1688 g− “Glorious Revolution” in England
1715−1774− reign of Louis XV in France
1740−1786− reign of Frederick II in Prussia
1810s− Luddite movement in England
1773− "Boston Tea Party"
1776− adoption of the US Declaration of Independence
1787− adoption of the US Constitution
1789− the beginning of the revolution in France
1789− adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
1791− adoption of the Bill of Rights in the USA
1789−1797− presidency of George Washington in the USA
1792− beginning of the revolutionary wars of France
1792− collapse of the monarchy in France
1793- the Jacobins came to power in France
1793− execution of King Louis XVI in France
1796−1797− Italian campaign of Napoleon Bonaparte
1798 − Egyptian campaign of Napoleon Bonaparte
1799− coup d'état of Napoleon Bonaparte of 18–19 Brumaire
1804− proclamation of Napoleon as Emperor of France
1799−1815− Napoleonic Wars
1814− overthrow of Napoleon
March−July 1815− “One Hundred Days” by Napoleon
1823− proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in the USA
1830– July Revolution in France
1830−1840s− Chartist movement in England
1848–1849− “spring of nations”: revolutions in European countries
1861−1865− American Civil War
1861− unification of Italy (since 1870 with its capital in Rome)
1862−1890− Bismarck’s activities at the head of Prussia and Germany
1868−1889− Meiji revolution in Japan
1870−1871− Franco−Prussian War
1871− proclamation of the German Empire
1882− creation of the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy)
1904−1907− creation of the Entente (Russia, England and France)
1912, 1913− Balkan Wars
June 28, 1914− “Sarajevo Incident,” the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1914−1918− World War I
November 1918 – August 1919− November Revolution in Germany
1919− establishment of the League of Nations
November 1921 – February 1922− Washington Conference
1922− the rise of the fascists to power in Italy
1929−1933− global economic crisis, “great depression”
January 1933− Hitler's rise to power in Germany
1933−1936− “new course” of F. Roosevelt in the USA
1936−1939− fascist revolt and civil war in Spain
1936− Anti-Comintern Pact between Germany and Japan
1938− capture of Austria by Nazi Germany (Anschluss)
1938− signing of the Munich Agreement
1939−1945− World War II
June 6, 1944− landing of Anglo-American troops in Normandy. Opening of the Second Front
November 20, 1945 − October 1, 1946− Nuremberg trial of Nazi criminals
1949− formation of NATO
1949− proclamation of the People's Republic of China
1959− victory of the revolution in Cuba
1965−1973− US war in Vietnam
1966−1976− “Cultural Revolution” in China
1989− “velvet” revolutions in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe
1990− unification of the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany
Solve with answers.
History is impossible without dates, right? The specificity of the Unified State Examination is such that you can come across absolutely any date and event. You also need to know the formulas in order to have a foundation on which facts will later be built. Despite the fact that the exam is much earlier this year than last year, there is still time! We look at and study all the history dates required for the exam in blocks.
Russia from antiquity to the end of the 16th century. (beginning of the 17th century)
9th century – Formation of the Old Russian state.
862 - “Calling of the Varangians” to Rus'.
862–879 - The reign of Rurik in Novgorod.
879–912 – The reign of Oleg in Kyiv.
882 – Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv into a single state under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 – Oleg’s campaigns to Constantinople. Treaties with the Greeks.
912–945 – The reign of Igor in Kyiv.
945 – Revolt of the Drevlyans.
945–962 - The reign of Princess Olga during the early childhood of her son Prince Svyatoslav.
957 – Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople.
962–972 - The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
964–972 – Military campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.
980–1015 – The reign of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich the Holy.
988 – Adoption of Christianity in Rus'.
1019–1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1037 – Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.
1045 – Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Novgorod the Great.
OK. 1072 – Final design of the “Russian Truth” (“The Truth of the Yaroslavichs”).
1097 – Congress of princes in Lyubech. Consolidation of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
1113–1125 – The Great Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1125–1157 – Reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky in Vladimir.
1136 – Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 – The first mention of Moscow in the chronicle.
1157–1174 – The reign of Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky.
1165 – Construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
1185 – Campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod Seversky against the Polovtsians. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign."
1199 – Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.
1202 – Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1223, May 31st. - Battle of the Kalka River.
1237–1240 – Invasion of the Mongol Tatars led by Khan Batu into Rus'.
1237 – Unification of the Teutonic Order with the Order of the Sword. Formation of the Livonian Order.
1238, March 4. – Battle of the City River.
1240, July 15. - Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish knights on the Neva River by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich. Nicknamed Nevsky.
1240 – Defeat of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars.
1242, April 5. - Battle on the Ice. The defeat of the crusaders on Lake Peipus by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky.
1243 – Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1252–1263 - The reign of Alexander Nevsky on the Grand Duke's throne of Vladimir.
1264 – Collapse of the Galician-Volyn principality under the blows of the Horde.
1276 – Formation of an independent Moscow principality.
1325–1340 – The reign of Prince Ivan Kalita in Moscow.
1326 - Transfer of the residence of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church - the Metropolitan - from Vladimir to Moscow, turning Moscow into an all-Russian religious center.
1327 – Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1359–1389 – The reign of Prince (from 1362 – Grand Duke) Dmitry Ivanovich (after 1380 – Donskoy) in Moscow.
OK. 1360–1430 – Life and work of Andrei Rublev.
1378 – Battle of the Vozha River.
1380, September 8. – Battle of Kulikovo.
1382 – Defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1389–1425 – The reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich.
1410, July 15. - Battle of Grunwald. Defeat of the Teutonic Order.
1425–1453 – Dynastic war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1439 – Florentine Church Union about the unification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Pope. The act of union was signed by the Russian Metropolitan Isidore, for which he was deposed.
1448 – Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and All Rus'. Establishment of autocephaly (independence) of the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium.
1453 – Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462–1505 – The reign of Ivan III.
1463 – Yaroslavl annexed to Moscow.
1469–1472 – Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471 – Battle of the Moscow and Novgorod troops on the Sheloni River.
1478 – Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - “Standing on the Ugra River.” Elimination of the Horde yoke.
1484–1508 – Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485 – Tver annexed to Moscow.
1497 – Compilation of the Code of Laws of Ivan III. Establishing uniform norms of criminal liability and judicial procedural norms for the entire country, limiting the right of peasants to transfer from one feudal lord to another - the week before and the week after November 26 (St. George's Day in the fall).
End of the 15th – beginning of the 16th centuries. – Completion of the process of formation of the Russian centralized state.
1503 - Controversy between Nil Sorsky (the leader of the non-acquisitive people, who preached the refusal of the church from all property) and Abbot Joseph of Volotsky (the leader of the acquisitive people, a supporter of the preservation of church land ownership). Condemnation of the views of non-possessors at the Church Council.
1503 – Annexation of the Southwestern Russian lands to Moscow.
1505–1533 – Reign of Vasily III.
1510 – Pskov joins Moscow.
1514 – Smolensk joins Moscow.
1521 – Ryazan annexed to Moscow.
1533–1584 – The reign of Grand Duke Ivan IV the Terrible.
1547 – Crowning of Ivan IV the Terrible to the throne.
1549 – Beginning of the convening of Zemsky Sobors.
1550 – Adoption of the Code of Laws of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1551 - “Stoglavy Cathedral” of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1552 – Kazan annexed to Moscow.
1555–1560 – Construction of the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow (St. Basil's Cathedral).
1556 – Astrakhan annexed to Moscow.
1556 – Adoption of the “Code of Service”.
1558–1583 - Livonian War.
1561 – Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 – Book printing begins in Rus'. Publication by Ivan Fedorov of “The Apostle” - the first printed book with a set date.
1565–1572 – Oprichnina of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1569 - Conclusion of the Union of Lublin on the unification of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1581 – First mention of the “reserved years”.
1581 – Ermak’s campaign to Siberia.
1582 – Signing of Yam Zapolsky truce between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1583 – Conclusion of the Truce of Plus with Sweden.
1584–1598 - The reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.
1589 – Establishment of the patriarchate in Rus'. Patriarch Job.
1597 - Decree on “pre-school years” (a five-year period for searching for runaway peasants).
1598–1605 - Board of Boris Godunov.
1603 – Revolt of peasants and serfs led by Cotton.
1605–1606 – Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606–1607 – Peasant uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov.
1606–1610 – The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.
1607–1610 – Attempt of False Dmitry II to seize power in Russia. The existence of the “Tushino camp”.
1609–1611 - Defense of Smolensk.
1610–1613 - “Seven Boyars”.
1611, March–June. – The first militia against Polish troops led by P. Lyapunov.
1612 – The second militia under the leadership of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin.
1612, October 26. – Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders by the Second Militia.
1613 – Election of Mikhail Romanov to the throne by the Zemsky Sobor. The beginning of the Romanov dynasty. 1613–1645 – The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.
1617 – Conclusion of the Stolbovo “eternal peace” with Sweden.
1618 – Deulino truce with Poland.
1632–1634 – Smolensk War between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Russia in the XVII–XVIII centuries.
1645–1676 - The reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648 – Expedition of Semyon Dezhnev along the Kolyma River and the Arctic Ocean.
1648 – Beginning of the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Ukraine.
1648 – “Salt riot” in Moscow.
1648–1650 – Uprisings in various cities of Russia.
1649 – The Zemsky Sobor adopted a new set of laws - the “Cathedral Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The final enslavement of the peasants.
OK. 1653–1656 – Reform of Patriarch Nikon. The beginning of the church schism.
1654, January 8. - Pereyaslavskaya Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
1654–1667 – Russia’s war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1662 - “Copper Riot” in Moscow.
1667 – Conclusion of the Truce of Andrusovo between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667 – Introduction of the New Trade Charter.
1667–1671 – Peasant war led by Stepan Razin.
1672, May 30. – Birth of Peter I.
1676–1682 – Board of Fedor Alekseevich.
1682 – Abolition of localism.
1682, 1698 – Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682–1725 – The reign of Peter I (1682–1689 – under the regency of Sophia, until 1696 – together with Ivan V).
1686 - “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687 – Opening of the Slavic Greek Latin Academy.
1695, 1696 – Campaigns of Peter I to Azov.
1697–1698 - “Great Embassy”.
1700–1721 - North War.
1703, May 16. – Founding of St. Petersburg.
1707–1708 – Peasant uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1708, September 28. – Battle of the village of Lesnoy.
1709, June 27. - Battle of Poltava.
1710–1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 – Establishment of the Senate.
1711–1765 – Life and work of M. V. Lomonosov.
1714 – Decree on single inheritance (repealed in 1731).
1714, July 27. – Battle of Cape Gangut.
1718–1721 – Establishment of boards.
1720 – Battle of Grenham Island.
1721 – Peace of Nystadt with Sweden.
1721 – Proclamation of Peter I as emperor. Russia became an empire.
1722 – Adoption of the “Table of Ranks”.
1722 – Signing of the decree on the succession to the throne.
1722–1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 – Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725–1727 – The reign of Catherine I.
1727–1730 – The reign of Peter II.
1730–1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. "Bironovschina."
1741–1761 - The reign of Elizaveta Petrovna.
1755, January 25. – Opening of Moscow University.
1756–1763 - Seven Years' War.
1757 – Foundation of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.
1761–1762 – The reign of Peter III.
1762 - “Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.”
1762–1796 – The reign of Catherine II.
1768–1774 – Russian-Turkish war.
1770 – Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the Battle of Chesma and the Russian ground forces over the Turkish army in the battles of the Larga and Cahul rivers.
1774 – Conclusion of the Kyuchuk Peace of Kaynardzhi following the results of the Russian-Turkish War. The Crimean Khanate came under Russian protectorate. Russia received the territory of the Black Sea region between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, the fortresses of Azov, Kerch, Kinburn, and the right of free passage of Russian merchant ships through the Black Sea straits.
1772, 1793, 1795 – Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The territories of Right Bank Ukraine, Belarus, part of the Baltic states and Poland were transferred to Russia.
1772–1839 – Life and work of M. M. Speransky.
1773–1775 – Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev.
1775 – Implementation of provincial reform in the Russian Empire.
1782 – Opening of the monument to Peter I “The Bronze Horseman” (E. Falcone).
1783 – Crimea joins the Russian Empire. Georgievsky Treaty. Transition of Eastern Georgia under Russian protectorate.
1785 – Publication of letters of grant to the nobility and cities.
1787–1791 – Russian-Turkish War.
1789 – Victories of Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik.
1790 – Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Cape Kaliakria.
1790 – Publication of A. N. Radishchev’s book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.”
1790 - Capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail on the Danube by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov.
1791 – Conclusion of the Treaty of Jassy following the Russian-Turkish War. The annexation of Crimea and Kuban, the territory of the Black Sea region between the Southern Bug and the Dniester, was confirmed to Russia.
1794 – Uprising in Poland led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
1796–1801 – Reign of Paul I.
1797 – Cancellation of the order of succession to the throne established by Peter I. Restoring the order of succession to the throne by primogeniture in the male line.
1797 – Paul I publishes a manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1799 – Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov.
Russia in the 19th century
1801–1825 – Reign of Alexander I.
1802 – Establishment of ministries instead of colleges.
1803 – Decree on “free cultivators”.
1803 – Adoption of a charter introducing the autonomy of universities.
1803–1804 – The first Russian round-the-world expedition led by I. F. Krusenstern and Yu. F. Lisyansky.
1804–1813 – Russian-Iranian war. Ended with the Peace of Gulistan.
1805–1807 – Russia’s participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1805, December. – Defeat of Russian and Austrian troops in the Battle of Austerlitz.
1806–1812 – Russian-Turkish War.
1807 – Defeat of the Russian army near Friedland.
1807 – Conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit between Alexander I and Napoleon Bonaparte (Russia’s accession to the continental blockade of England, Russia’s consent to the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw as a vassal of France).
1808–1809 – Russian-Swedish war. Annexation of Finland to the Russian Empire.
1810 – Creation of the State Council on the initiative of M. M. Speransky.
1812, June–December. – Patriotic War with Napoleon.
1812 – Conclusion of the Peace of Bucharest following the results of the Russian-Turkish War.
1812, August 26. - Battle of Borodino.
1813–1814 – Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1813 – Conclusion of the Treaty of Gulistan following the Russian-Iranian War.
1814–1815 – Vienna Congress of European States. Solving the problems of the structure of Europe after the Napoleonic wars. Annexation of the Duchy of Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland) to Russia.
1815 - Creation of the “Holy Alliance”.
1815 – Granting of the Constitution to the Kingdom of Poland by Alexander I.
1816 – The beginning of the mass creation of military settlements on the initiative of A. A. Arakcheev.
1816–1817 – Activities of the “Union of Salvation”.
1817–1864 - Caucasian War.
1818–1821 – Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820 – Discovery of Antarctica by Russian navigators under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev. 1821–1822 – Formation of the Northern and Southern Decembrist societies.
1821–1881 – Life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky.
1825, December 14. – Decembrist uprising on Senate Square in St. Petersburg.
1825, December 29 – 1826, January 3. – Uprising of the Chernigov regiment.
1825–1855 – The reign of Nicholas I.
1826–1828 – Russian-Iranian war.
1828 – Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace following the Russian-Iranian War. Death of A. S. Griboyedov.
1828–1829 – Russian-Turkish war.
1829 – Conclusion of the Peace of Adrianople following the Russian-Turkish War.
1831–1839 – Activities of N.V. Stankevich’s circle.
1837 - Opening of the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo.
1837–1841 – P.D. Kiselev’s implementation of reforms in the management of state peasants.
1840–1850s – Disputes between Slavophiles and Westerners.
1839–1843 – Monetary reform by E. F. Kankrin.
1840–1893 – Life and work of P. I. Tchaikovsky.
1844–1849 – Activities of the circle of M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1851 – Opening of the Moscow – St. Petersburg railway.
1853–1856 - Crimean War.
1853, November. - Battle of Sinope.
1855–1881 – The reign of Alexander II.
1856 – Paris Congress.
1856 – P. M. Tretyakov founded a collection of Russian art in Moscow.
1858, 1860 – Aigun and Beijing treaties with China.
1861, February 19. – Abolition of serfdom in Russia.
1861–1864 – Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1862 – Formation of the “Mighty Handful” - an association of composers (M. A. Balakirev, T. A. Cui, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky Korsakov, A. P. Borodin).
1864 – Zemstvo, judicial and school reforms.
1864–1885 – Annexation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire.
1867 – Sale of Alaska to the United States.
1869 – Discovery of the Periodic Law of Chemical Elements by D.I. Mendeleev.
1870 – Reform of city government.
1870–1923 – Activities of the “Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions”.
1873 – Creation of the “Union of Three Emperors”.
1874 - Carrying out military reform - the introduction of universal military service.
1874, 1876 – The Narodniks’ “walking among the people.”
1876–1879 – Activities of the new organization “Land and Freedom”.
1877–1878 – Russian-Turkish war.
1878 – Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 – Berlin Congress.
1879 – Split of the “Land and Freedom” organization. The emergence of the organizations “People's Will” and “Black Redistribution”.
1879–1881 – Activities of the organization “People's Will”.
1879–1882 - Formation of the Triple Alliance.
1881, March 1st. – Murder of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya.
1881–1894 – Reign of Alexander III.
1882 – Abolition of the temporarily obliged position of peasants. Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1883–1903 – Activities of the “Liberation of Labor” group.
1885 - Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T. S. Morozov in Orekhovo Zuevo (Morozov strike).
1887 – Adoption of the circular “on cook’s children.”
1889 – Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs”.
1891–1893 - Formation of the Franco-Russian Union.
1891–1905 – Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
1892 – P. M. Tretyakov donated his collection of Russian art to the city of Moscow.
1894–1917 – The reign of Nicholas II.
1895 – Invention of radio communications by A. S. Popov.
1895 – Creation of the “Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.”
1897 – The first general census of Russia.
1897 – Monetary reform by S. Yu. Witte.
1898 – 1st Congress of the RSDLP.
1899 – The Hague Peace Conference of 26 powers on disarmament issues, convened at the initiative of Russia.
Russia in the 20th century
1901–1902 – Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) as a result of the unification of neo-populist circles.
1903 – II Congress of the RSDLP. Creation of a party.
1903 – Creation of the “Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists”.
1904–1905 – Russian-Japanese War.
1904, August. - Battle of Liaoyang City.
1904, September. – Battle on the Shahe River.
1905, January 9. - “Bloody Sunday.” The beginning of the first Russian revolution.
1905–1907 – The first Russian revolution.
1905, February. – Defeat of the Russian army near the city of Mukden.
1905, May. – The death of the Russian fleet near the island of Tsushima.
1905, June. – Uprising on the battleship “Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky”.
1905, August. – Conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty following the Russian-Japanese War. Russia ceded to Japan the southern part of Sakhalin, lease rights to the Liaodong Peninsula and the South Manchurian Railway.
1905, October 17. – Publication of the Manifesto “On the Improvement of State Order.”
1905, November. – Creation of the “Union of the Russian People”.
1905, December. – Armed uprising in Moscow and a number of other cities.
1906, April–July. – Activities of the First State Duma.
1906, November 9. - Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community. The beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform.
1907, February – June. – Activities of the Second State Duma.
1907, June 3. – Dissolution of the Second State Duma. Adoption of a new electoral law (June 3rd coup).
1907–1912 – Activities of the III State Duma.
1907, August - Russian-English agreement on the delimitation of zones of influence in Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet. The final formation of the Entente alliance.
1912 – Lena execution.
1912–1917 – Activities of the IV State Duma.
1914, August 1 – 1918, November 9. - World War I.
1915, August. – Creation of a Progressive block.
1916, May. - “Brusilovsky breakthrough.”
1917, February. – February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia.
1917, March 2. – Nicholas II's abdication of the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government.
1917, May. – Formation of the 1st coalition Provisional Government.
1917, June. – Activities of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, July. – Formation of the 2nd coalition Provisional Government.
1917, August. - Kornilov rebellion.
1917, September 1. – Proclamation of Russia as a republic.
1917, October 24–26. – Armed uprising in Petrograd. Overthrow of the Provisional Government. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (Proclamation of Russia as a Republic of Soviets.). Adoption of decrees on peace and land. 1918, January. – Convocation and dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.
1918, March 3. – Conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty between Soviet Russia and Germany. Russia lost Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Finland, Ukraine, part of Belarus, Kars, Ardagan and Batum. The treaty was annulled in November 1918 after the revolution in Germany.
1918–1920 – Civil war in Russia.
1918 – Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR.
1918–1921, March. – The Soviet government’s implementation of the policy of “war communism.”
1918, July - Execution of the royal family in Yekaterinburg.
1920–1921 – Anti-Bolshevik peasant uprisings in the Tambov and Voronezh regions (“Antonovschina”), Ukraine, the Volga region, Western Siberia.
1921, March - Conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland. The territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus went to Poland.
1921, February – March. – Uprising of sailors and soldiers in Kronstadt against the policy of “war communism.”
1921, March. – X Congress of the RCP(b). Transition to NEP.
1922 – Genoa Conference.
1922, December 30. – Education of the USSR.
1924 – Adoption of the USSR Constitution.
1925, December – XIV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Proclamation of a course towards industrialization of the country. The defeat of the “Trotskyist-Zinoviev opposition.”
1927, December – XV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Proclamation of the course towards collectivization of agriculture.
1928–1932 – The first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1929 – Beginning of complete collectivization.
1930 – Completion of construction of Turksib.
1933–1937 – The second five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1934 – Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations.
1934, December 1. – Murder of S. M. Kirov. The beginning of mass repressions.
1936 – Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR (“victorious socialism”).
1939, August 23. – Signing of a non-aggression pact with Germany.
1939, September 1 – 1945, September 2. - The Second World War.
1939, November - 1940, March. – Soviet-Finnish War.
1941, June 22 – 1945, May 9. - The Great Patriotic War.
1941, July–September. - Battle of Smolensk.
1941, December 5–6 – Counter-offensive of the Red Army near Moscow.
1942, November 19 – 1943, February 2. – Counter-offensive of the Red Army at Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, July–August. - Battle of Kursk.
1943, September – December. – Battle of the Dnieper. Liberation of Kyiv. Completion of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, November 28 – December 1. – Tehran Conference of Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1944, January. – Final liquidation of the siege of Leningrad.
1944, January – February. – Korsun Shevchenko operation.
1944, June – August – Operation for the liberation of Belarus (“Bagration”).
1944, July – August – Lvov-Sandomierz operation.
1944, August – Iasi-Kishinev operation.
1945, January - February - Vistula-Oder operation.
1945, February 4–11 – Crimean (Yalta) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, April - May - Berlin operation.
1945, April 25 – Meeting on the river. Elbe near Torgau advanced Soviet and American troops.
1945, May 8 – Surrender of Germany.
1945, July 17 – August 2 – Berlin (Potsdam) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, August - September - Defeat of Japan. Signing of the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces. The end of World War II.
1946 – The Cold War begins.
1948 – Severance of diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
1949 – Start of a campaign to combat “cosmopolitanism.”
1949 – Creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
1949 – Creation of nuclear weapons in the USSR.
1953, March 5. – Death of I.S. Stalin.
1953, August. – Report on the testing of a hydrogen bomb in the USSR.
1953, September – 1964, October. – Election of N. S. Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Removed from his posts in October 1964.
1954 – Obninsk NPP was put into operation.
1955 – Formation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO).
1956, February. – XX Congress of the CPSU. Report by N. S. Khrushchev “On the cult of personality and its consequences.”
1956, October–November. – Uprising in Hungary; suppressed by Soviet troops.
1957, October 4. – Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR.
1961, April 12. – Yu. A. Gagarin’s flight into space.
1961, October. – XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption of a new Party Program - the program for building communism. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis.
1962, June. – Strike at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant; shooting of a workers' demonstration.
1963, August. – Signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR, the USA and England banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, under water and outer space.
1965 – The beginning of the economic reform of A.N. Kosygina.
1968 – The entry of troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia.
1972, May. – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 1) between the USSR and the USA.
1975 – Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1979 – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 2) between the USSR and the USA.
1979–1989 – “Undeclared war” in Afghanistan.
1980, July–August. – Olympic Games in Moscow.
1985, March. – Election of M. S. Gorbachev as General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
1986, April 26. - The Chernobyl accident.
1987 – Conclusion of an agreement between the USSR and the USA on the elimination of intermediate- and shorter-range missiles.
1988 – XIX Party Conference. Proclamation of a course for reform of the political system.
1989, May–June. – First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
1990, March. – Election of M. S. Gorbachev as President of the USSR at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Exception from the Constitution of Article 6.
1990, June 12 - The Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR was adopted.
1991 June 12. – Election of B. N. Yeltsin as President of the RSFSR.
1991, July. – Signing of the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 1).
1991, August 19–21. – Attempted coup d'état (GKChP).
1991, December 8. – Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the USSR and the creation of the CIS.
1991, December 25. – M. S. Gorbachev resigns from the powers of the President of the USSR.
1992 - The beginning of the radical economic reform of E. T. Gaidar.
1993, January. – Signing of the Treaty between Russia and the United States on the Reduction of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 2).
1993, October 3–4. – Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
1993, December 12. – Elections to the Federal Assembly – the State Duma and the Federation Council and a referendum on the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1994 – Russia joins the NATO Partnership for Peace program.
1994, December. – The beginning of large-scale actions against Chechen separatists.
1996 – Russia’s accession to the Council of Europe.
1996, July. – Election of B. N. Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
1997 – Creation of the state TV channel “Culture” on the initiative of D. S. Likhachev.
1998, August. – Financial crisis in Russia (default).
1999, September. – Beginning of the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
2000, March. – Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation.
2000 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to Zh. I. Alferov for fundamental research in the field of information and telecommunication technologies.
2002 – Agreement between Russia and the United States on the mutual reduction of nuclear warheads.
2003 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to A. A. Abrikosov and V. L. Ginzburg for work in the field of quantum physics, in particular for research into superconductivity and superfluidity.
2004, March. – Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
2005 – Creation of the Public Chamber.
2006 – Launch of a program of national projects in the fields of agriculture, housing, health and education.
2008, March - Election of D. A. Medvedev as President of the Russian Federation.
2008, August - Invasion of Georgian troops into South Ossetia. Conducting an operation by the Russian army to force Georgia to peace. Russian recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
2008, November - Adoption of a law on increasing the term of office of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation (5 and 6 years, respectively).
A lot, right? Don't despair: follow these simple tips for better memory.
1. Create vivid images. If you can associate vivid images with dates, you will remember them much easier. The weirder, stupider and more ridiculous image you come up with, the better!
Imagine a man dressed as George Washington tossing a stack of dollar bills (exactly 1,732 pieces), each of which, of course, has a portrait of George Washington on it.
2. Use your body's memory. When memorizing data, you can create very strong associations using your body. Rhythmic steps as you memorize, gestures, and even singing dates to familiar tunes can all improve your memory. For example, here's what you can do:
When remembering the date 44 BC. Raise your hand like an ancient Roman orator - this year the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar was killed. Or sing your favorite song, inserting dates instead of the original words.
3. Organize information. If you can somehow categorize all the dates you need to remember, you'll have a much better chance of learning everything. It is very difficult to remember unstructured data. Don't spend day after day trying to remember random dates; instead, try first dividing them into groups with common features. For example:
If you are memorizing the dates of important historical events, first put them in order. This will help you organize dates and find logical connections between them. The more you contextualize dates, the more meaningful they become. And you remember them better and better.
4 . You can also associate each number in dates with a letter. Associating letters with numbers can improve your memory. For example, you might remember the dates "1066" (Battle of Hastings), "1215" (creation of the Magna Carta), or "1776" (signing of the Declaration of Independence) as sequences of the letters "TOBB", "TGT" and "TOYOB", in according to the following diagram:
- 0 = O, because the letter "O" and the number "0" are very similar
- 1 = T because both the number 1 and the letter T have a vertical bar
- 2 = G because the letter "G" written in italics (g) resembles the number "2"
- 3 = Z, because the letter “Z” and the number “3” are written almost identically
- 4 = H, because the number 4 is similar to the letter “H”, and the word “four” begins with this letter
- 5 = b, because if we add to the letter “b” a horizontal dash left over from the letter “T”, which we associated with “1”, we get the letter “yat”, which no longer exists in our alphabet.
- 6 = b, because the letter "B" and the number "6" are very similar
- 7 = E, because “E” is the seventh letter of the alphabet
- 8 = B because the letter "B" and the number "8" are very similar
- 9 = D, because in writing the lowercase letter “d” (with a squiggle at the bottom) resembles a nine
5. Come up with detailed associations. Dates will come to mind on their own if you can come up with detailed and memorable associations for them. One way is to use the previous method to expand the resulting associations into funny and memorable phrases, for example:
Preparation for the Unified State Exam Physics Expert
Preview:
Russia from antiquity to the end of the 16th century. (beginning of the 17th century)
9th century – Formation of the Old Russian state.
862 - “Calling of the Varangians” to Rus'.
862–879 - The reign of Rurik in Novgorod.
879–912 – The reign of Oleg in Kyiv.
882 – Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv into a single state under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 – Oleg’s campaigns to Constantinople. Treaties with the Greeks.
912–945 – The reign of Igor in Kyiv.
945 – Revolt of the Drevlyans.
945–962 - The reign of Princess Olga during the early childhood of her son Prince Svyatoslav.
957 – Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople.
962–972 - The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
964–972 – Military campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.
980–1015 – The reign of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich the Holy.
988 – Adoption of Christianity in Rus'.
1019–1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1037 – Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.
1045 – Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Novgorod the Great.
OK. 1072 – Final design of the “Russian Truth” (“The Truth of the Yaroslavichs”).
1097 – Congress of princes in Lyubech. Consolidation of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
1113–1125 – The Great Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1125–1157 – Reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky in Vladimir.
1136 – Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 – The first mention of Moscow in the chronicle.
1157–1174 – The reign of Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky.
1165 – Construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
1185 – Campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod Seversky against the Polovtsians. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign."
1199 – Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.
1202 – Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1237–1240 – Invasion of the Mongol Tatars led by Khan Batu into Rus'.
1237 – Unification of the Teutonic Order with the Order of the Sword. Formation of the Livonian Order.
1240, July 15. - Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish knights on the Neva River by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich. Nicknamed Nevsky.
1240 – Defeat of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars.
1242, April 5. - Battle on the Ice. The defeat of the crusaders on Lake Peipus by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky.
1243 – Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1252–1263 - The reign of Alexander Nevsky on the Grand Duke's throne of Vladimir.
1264 – Collapse of the Galician-Volyn principality under the blows of the Horde.
1276 – Formation of an independent Moscow principality.
1325–1340 – The reign of Prince Ivan Kalita in Moscow.
1326 - Transfer of the residence of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church - the Metropolitan - from Vladimir to Moscow, turning Moscow into an all-Russian religious center.
1327 – Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1359–1389 – The reign of Prince (from 1362 – Grand Duke) Dmitry Ivanovich (after 1380 – Donskoy) in Moscow.
OK. 1360–1430 – Life and work of Andrei Rublev.
1378 – Battle of the Vozha River.
1382 – Defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1389–1425 – The reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich.
1425–1453 – Dynastic war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1439 – Florentine Church Union about the unification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Pope. The act of union was signed by the Russian Metropolitan Isidore, for which he was deposed.
1448 – Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and All Rus'. Establishment of autocephaly (independence) of the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium.
1453 – Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462–1505 – The reign of Ivan III.
1463 – Yaroslavl annexed to Moscow.
1469–1472 – Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471 – Battle of the Moscow and Novgorod troops on the Sheloni River.
1478 – Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - “Standing on the Ugra River.” Elimination of the Horde yoke.
1484–1508 – Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485 – Tver annexed to Moscow.
1497 – Compilation of the Code of Laws of Ivan III. Establishing uniform norms of criminal liability and judicial procedural norms for the entire country, limiting the right of peasants to transfer from one feudal lord to another - the week before and the week after November 26 (St. George's Day in the fall).
End of the 15th – beginning of the 16th centuries. – Completion of the process of formation of the Russian centralized state.
1503 - Controversy between Nil Sorsky (the leader of the non-acquisitive people, who preached the refusal of the church from all property) and Abbot Joseph of Volotsky (the leader of the acquisitive people, a supporter of the preservation of church land ownership). Condemnation of the views of non-possessors at the Church Council.
1503 – Annexation of the Southwestern Russian lands to Moscow.
1505–1533 – Reign of Vasily III.
1510 – Pskov joins Moscow.
1514 – Smolensk joins Moscow.
1521 – Ryazan annexed to Moscow.
1533–1584 – The reign of Grand Duke Ivan IV the Terrible.
1547 – Crowning of Ivan IV the Terrible to the throne.
1549 – Beginning of the convening of Zemsky Sobors.
1550 – Adoption of the Code of Laws of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1551 - “Stoglavy Cathedral” of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1552 – Kazan annexed to Moscow.
1555–1560 – Construction of the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow (St. Basil's Cathedral).
1556 – Astrakhan annexed to Moscow.
1556 – Adoption of the “Code of Service”.
1558–1583 - Livonian War.
1561 – Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 – Book printing begins in Rus'. Publication by Ivan Fedorov of “The Apostle” - the first printed book with a set date.
1565–1572 – Oprichnina of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1569 - Conclusion of the Union of Lublin on the unification of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1581 – First mention of the “reserved years”.
1581 – Ermak’s campaign to Siberia.
1582 – Signing of Yam Zapolsky truce between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1583 – Conclusion of the Truce of Plus with Sweden.
1584–1598 - The reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.
1589 – Establishment of the patriarchate in Rus'. Patriarch Job.
1597 - Decree on “pre-school years” (a five-year period for searching for runaway peasants).
1598–1605 - Board of Boris Godunov.
1603 – Revolt of peasants and serfs led by Cotton.
1605–1606 – Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606–1607 – Peasant uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov.
1606–1610 – The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.
1607–1610 – Attempt of False Dmitry II to seize power in Russia. The existence of the “Tushino camp”.
1609–1611 - Defense of Smolensk.
1610–1613 - “Seven Boyars”.
1611, March–June. – The first militia against Polish troops led by P. Lyapunov.
1612 – The second militia under the leadership of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin.
1612, October 26. – Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders by the Second Militia.
1613 – Election of Mikhail Romanov to the throne by the Zemsky Sobor. The beginning of the Romanov dynasty. 1613–1645 – The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.
1617 – Conclusion of the Stolbovo “eternal peace” with Sweden.
1618 – Deulino truce with Poland.
1632–1634 – Smolensk War between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Russia in the XVII–XVIII centuries.
1645–1676 - The reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648 – Expedition of Semyon Dezhnev along the Kolyma River and the Arctic Ocean.
1648 – Beginning of the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Ukraine.
1648 – “Salt riot” in Moscow.
1648–1650 – Uprisings in various cities of Russia.
1649 – The Zemsky Sobor adopted a new set of laws - the “Cathedral Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The final enslavement of the peasants.
OK. 1653–1656 – Reform of Patriarch Nikon. The beginning of the church schism.
1654–1667 – Russia’s war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1662 - “Copper Riot” in Moscow.
1667 – Conclusion of the Truce of Andrusovo between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667 – Introduction of the New Trade Charter.
1667–1671 – Peasant war led by Stepan Razin.
1676–1682 – Board of Fedor Alekseevich.
1682 – Abolition of localism.
1682, 1698 – Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682–1725 – The reign of Peter I (1682–1689 – under the regency of Sophia, until 1696 – together with Ivan V).
1686 - “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687 – Opening of the Slavic Greek Latin Academy.
1695, 1696 – Campaigns of Peter I to Azov.
1697–1698 - “Great Embassy”.
1700–1721 - North War.
1707–1708 – Peasant uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1710–1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 – Establishment of the Senate.
1711–1765 – Life and work of M. V. Lomonosov.
1714 – Decree on single inheritance (repealed in 1731).
1718–1721 – Establishment of boards.
1720 – Battle of Grenham Island.
1721 – Peace of Nystadt with Sweden.
1721 – Proclamation of Peter I as emperor. Russia became an empire.
1722 – Adoption of the “Table of Ranks”.
1722 – Signing of the decree on the succession to the throne.
1722–1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 – Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725–1727 – The reign of Catherine I.
1727–1730 – The reign of Peter II.
1730–1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. "Bironovschina."
1741–1761 - The reign of Elizaveta Petrovna.
1756–1763 - Seven Years' War.
1757 – Foundation of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.
1761–1762 – The reign of Peter III.
1762 - “Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.”
1762–1796 – The reign of Catherine II.
1768–1774 – Russian-Turkish war.
1770 – Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the Battle of Chesma and the Russian ground forces over the Turkish army in the battles of the Larga and Cahul rivers.
1774 – Conclusion of the Kyuchuk Peace of Kaynardzhi following the results of the Russian-Turkish War. The Crimean Khanate came under Russian protectorate. Russia received the territory of the Black Sea region between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, the fortresses of Azov, Kerch, Kinburn, and the right of free passage of Russian merchant ships through the Black Sea straits.
1772, 1793, 1795 – Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The territories of Right Bank Ukraine, Belarus, part of the Baltic states and Poland were transferred to Russia.
1772–1839 – Life and work of M. M. Speransky.
1773–1775 – Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev.
1775 – Implementation of provincial reform in the Russian Empire.
1782 – Opening of the monument to Peter I “The Bronze Horseman” (E. Falcone).
1783 – Crimea joins the Russian Empire. Georgievsky Treaty. Transition of Eastern Georgia under Russian protectorate.
1785 – Publication of letters of grant to the nobility and cities.
1787–1791 – Russian-Turkish War.
1789 – Victories of Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik.
1790 – Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Cape Kaliakria.
1790 – Publication of A. N. Radishchev’s book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.”
1790 - Capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail on the Danube by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov.
1791 – Conclusion of the Treaty of Jassy following the Russian-Turkish War. The annexation of Crimea and Kuban, the territory of the Black Sea region between the Southern Bug and the Dniester, was confirmed to Russia.
1794 – Uprising in Poland led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
1796–1801 – Reign of Paul I.
1797 – Cancellation of the order of succession to the throne established by Peter I. Restoring the order of succession to the throne by primogeniture in the male line.
1797 – Paul I publishes a manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1799 – Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov.
Russia in the 19th century
1801–1825 – Reign of Alexander I.
1802 – Establishment of ministries instead of colleges.
1803 – Decree on “free cultivators”.
1803 – Adoption of a charter introducing the autonomy of universities.
1803–1804 – The first Russian round-the-world expedition led by I. F. Krusenstern and Yu. F. Lisyansky.
1804–1813 – Russian-Iranian war. Ended with the Peace of Gulistan.
1805–1807 – Russia’s participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1805, December. – Defeat of Russian and Austrian troops in the Battle of Austerlitz.
1806–1812 – Russian-Turkish War.
1807 – Defeat of the Russian army near Friedland.
1807 – Conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit between Alexander I and Napoleon Bonaparte (Russia’s accession to the continental blockade of England, Russia’s consent to the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw as a vassal of France).
1808–1809 – Russian-Swedish war. Annexation of Finland to the Russian Empire.
1810 – Creation of the State Council on the initiative of M. M. Speransky.
1812 – Conclusion of the Peace of Bucharest following the results of the Russian-Turkish War.
1813–1814 – Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1813 – Conclusion of the Treaty of Gulistan following the Russian-Iranian War.
1814–1815 – Vienna Congress of European States. Solving the problems of the structure of Europe after the Napoleonic wars. Annexation of the Duchy of Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland) to Russia.
1815 - Creation of the “Holy Alliance”.
1815 – Granting of the Constitution to the Kingdom of Poland by Alexander I.
1816 – The beginning of the mass creation of military settlements on the initiative of A. A. Arakcheev.
1816–1817 – Activities of the “Union of Salvation”.
1817–1864 - Caucasian War.
1818–1821 – Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820 – Discovery of Antarctica by Russian navigators under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev. 1821–1822 – Formation of the Northern and Southern Decembrist societies.
1821–1881 – Life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky.
1825, December 14. – Decembrist uprising on Senate Square in St. Petersburg.
1825–1855 – The reign of Nicholas I.
1826–1828 – Russian-Iranian war.
1828 – Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace following the Russian-Iranian War. Death of A. S. Griboyedov.
1828–1829 – Russian-Turkish war.
1829 – Conclusion of the Peace of Adrianople following the Russian-Turkish War.
1831–1839 – Activities of N.V. Stankevich’s circle.
1837 - Opening of the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo.
1837–1841 – P.D. Kiselev’s implementation of reforms in the management of state peasants.
1840–1850s – Disputes between Slavophiles and Westerners.
1839–1843 – Monetary reform by E. F. Kankrin.
1840–1893 – Life and work of P. I. Tchaikovsky.
1844–1849 – Activities of the circle of M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1851 – Opening of the Moscow – St. Petersburg railway.
1853–1856 - Crimean War.
1855–1881 – The reign of Alexander II.
1856 – Paris Congress.
1856 – P. M. Tretyakov founded a collection of Russian art in Moscow.
1858, 1860 – Aigun and Beijing treaties with China.
1861–1864 – Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1862 – Formation of the “Mighty Handful” - an association of composers (M. A. Balakirev, T. A. Cui, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky Korsakov, A. P. Borodin).
1864 – Zemstvo, judicial and school reforms.
1864–1885 – Annexation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire.
1867 – Sale of Alaska to the United States.
1869 – Discovery of the Periodic Law of Chemical Elements by D.I. Mendeleev.
1870 – Reform of city government.
1870–1923 – Activities of the “Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions”.
1873 – Creation of the “Union of Three Emperors”.
1874 - Carrying out military reform - the introduction of universal military service.
1874, 1876 – The Narodniks’ “walking among the people.”
1876–1879 – Activities of the new organization “Land and Freedom”.
1877–1878 – Russian-Turkish war.
1878 – Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 – Berlin Congress.
1879 – Split of the “Land and Freedom” organization. The emergence of the organizations “People's Will” and “Black Redistribution”.
1879–1881 – Activities of the organization “People's Will”.
1879–1882 - Formation of the Triple Alliance.
1881–1894 – Reign of Alexander III.
1882 – Abolition of the temporarily obliged position of peasants. Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1883–1903 – Activities of the “Liberation of Labor” group.
1885 - Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T. S. Morozov in Orekhovo Zuevo (Morozov strike).
1887 – Adoption of the circular “on cook’s children.”
1889 – Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs”.
1891–1893 - Formation of the Franco-Russian Union.
1891–1905 – Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
1892 – P. M. Tretyakov donated his collection of Russian art to the city of Moscow.
1894–1917 – The reign of Nicholas II.
1895 – Invention of radio communications by A. S. Popov.
1895 – Creation of the “Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.”
1897 – The first general census of Russia.
1897 – Monetary reform by S. Yu. Witte.
1898 – 1st Congress of the RSDLP.
1899 – The Hague Peace Conference of 26 powers on disarmament issues, convened at the initiative of Russia.
Russia in the 20th century
1901–1902 – Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) as a result of the unification of neo-populist circles.
1903 – II Congress of the RSDLP. Creation of a party.
1903 – Creation of the “Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists”.
1904–1905 – Russian-Japanese War.
1905, January 9. - “Bloody Sunday.” The beginning of the first Russian revolution.
1905–1907 – The first Russian revolution.
1905, August. – Conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty following the Russian-Japanese War. Russia ceded to Japan the southern part of Sakhalin, lease rights to the Liaodong Peninsula and the South Manchurian Railway.
1905, October 17. – Publication of the Manifesto “On the Improvement of State Order.”
1906, November 9. - Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community. The beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform.
1907, June 3. – Dissolution of the Second State Duma. Adoption of a new electoral law (June 3rd coup).
1907–1912 – Activities of the III State Duma.
1907, August - Russian-English agreement on the delimitation of zones of influence in Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet. The final formation of the Entente alliance.
1912 – Lena execution.
1912–1917 – Activities of the IV State Duma.
1917, March 2. – Nicholas II's abdication of the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government.
1917, June. – Activities of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, October 24–26. – Armed uprising in Petrograd. Overthrow of the Provisional Government. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (Proclamation of Russia as a Republic of Soviets.). Adoption of decrees on peace and land. 1918, January. – Convocation and dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.
1918, March 3. – Conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty between Soviet Russia and Germany. Russia lost Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Finland, Ukraine, part of Belarus, Kars, Ardagan and Batum. The treaty was annulled in November 1918 after the revolution in Germany.
1918–1920 – Civil war in Russia.
1918 – Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR.
1918–1921, March. – The Soviet government’s implementation of the policy of “war communism.”
1920–1921 – Anti-Bolshevik peasant uprisings in the Tambov and Voronezh regions (“Antonovschina”), Ukraine, the Volga region, Western Siberia.
1921, March - Conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland. The territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus went to Poland.
1921, February – March. – Uprising of sailors and soldiers in Kronstadt against the policy of “war communism.”
1922 – Genoa Conference.
1924 – Adoption of the USSR Constitution.
1925, December – XIV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Proclamation of a course towards industrialization of the country. The defeat of the “Trotskyist-Zinoviev opposition.”
1927, December – XV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Proclamation of the course towards collectivization of agriculture.
1928–1932 – The first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1929 – Beginning of complete collectivization.
1930 – Completion of construction of Turksib.
1933–1937 – The second five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1934 – Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations.
1936 – Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR (“victorious socialism”).
1942, November 19 – 1943, February 2. – Counter-offensive of the Red Army at Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, September – December. – Battle of the Dnieper. Liberation of Kyiv. Completion of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, November 28 – December 1. – Tehran Conference of Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, February 4–11 – Crimean (Yalta) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, April 25 – Meeting on the river. Elbe near Torgau advanced Soviet and American troops.
1945, July 17 – August 2 – Berlin (Potsdam) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, August - September - Defeat of Japan. Signing of the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces. The end of World War II.
1946 – The Cold War begins.
1948 – Severance of diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
1949 – Start of a campaign to combat “cosmopolitanism.”
1949 – Creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
1949 – Creation of nuclear weapons in the USSR.
1953, September – 1964, October. – Election of N. S. Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Removed from his posts in October 1964.
1954 – Obninsk NPP was put into operation.
1955 – Formation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO).
1956, February. – XX Congress of the CPSU. Report by N. S. Khrushchev “On the cult of personality and its consequences.”
1956, October–November. – Uprising in Hungary; suppressed by Soviet troops.
1957, October 4. – Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR.
1961, October. – XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption of a new Party Program - the program for building communism. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis.
1962, June. – Strike at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant; shooting of a workers' demonstration.
1963, August. – Signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR, the USA and England banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, under water and outer space.
1965 – The beginning of the economic reform of A.N. Kosygina.
1968 – The entry of troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia.
1972, May. – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 1) between the USSR and the USA.
1975 – Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1979 – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 2) between the USSR and the USA.
1979–1989 – “Undeclared war” in Afghanistan.
1987 – Conclusion of an agreement between the USSR and the USA on the elimination of intermediate- and shorter-range missiles.
1988 – XIX Party Conference. Proclamation of a course for reform of the political system.
1990, March. – Election of M. S. Gorbachev as President of the USSR at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Exception from the Constitution of Article 6.
1991, July. – Signing of the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 1).
1992 - The beginning of the radical economic reform of E. T. Gaidar.
1993, January. – Signing of the Treaty between Russia and the United States on the Reduction of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 2).
1993, October 3–4. – Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
1993, December 12. – Elections to the Federal Assembly – the State Duma and the Federation Council and a referendum on the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1994 – Russia joins the NATO Partnership for Peace program.
1994, December. – The beginning of large-scale actions against Chechen separatists.
1996 – Russia’s accession to the Council of Europe.
1997 – Creation of the state TV channel “Culture” on the initiative of D. S. Likhachev.
2000 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to Zh. I. Alferov for fundamental research in the field of information and telecommunication technologies.
2002 – Agreement between Russia and the United States on the mutual reduction of nuclear warheads.
2003 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to A. A. Abrikosov and V. L. Ginzburg for work in the field of quantum physics, in particular for research into superconductivity and superfluidity.
2005 – Creation of the Public Chamber.
2006 – Launch of a program of national projects in the fields of agriculture, housing, health and education.
2008, August - Invasion of Georgian troops into South Ossetia. Conducting an operation by the Russian army to force Georgia to peace. Russian recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
2008, November - Adoption of a law on increasing the term of office of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation (5 and 6 years, respectively).
In the 11th grade, it is not necessary to know by heart all the dates from the textbook. It is enough to master the mandatory minimum, which, believe me, will be useful not only in the exam, but also in life.
So, your preparation for the OGE and Unified State Examination in History must necessarily include memorizing several of the most important dates in Russian history. Stay up to date with the most important events in Russian history - and to make it easier to master them, you can, for example, write the entire minimum on cards and divide them by century. This simple step will allow you to begin to navigate history by period, and when you write everything on pieces of paper, you will unconsciously remember everything. Your parents and grandparents used a similar method when there was no trace of any Unified State Examination or State Examination.
We can also advise you to say the most important dates in the history of Russia out loud and record it on a voice recorder. Listen to the resulting recordings several times a day, and best of all, in the morning, when the brain has just woken up and has not yet absorbed the usual daily dose of information.
But under no circumstances do we recommend that you try to memorize everything at once. Have pity on yourself, no one has ever managed to master the entire school curriculum on Russian history in a day. The Unified State Examination and the State Examination Test are designed to test how well you know the full course of the subject. So don’t even think about somehow deceiving the system or hoping for the students’ favorite “night before the exam,” as well as various cheat sheets and “answers to the State Examination and Unified State Examination in History 2015,” of which there are so many on the Internet.
With leaves, the last hope of careless schoolchildren, state exams have always been strict, and every year the situation becomes even more difficult. Exams in the 9th and 11th grades are held not only under the strict supervision of experienced teachers, but also under the supervision of video cameras, and you know, it is almost impossible to outsmart the technology.
So get enough sleep, don’t be nervous, develop your memory and memorize 35 most important dates in the history of Russia. Relying on yourself is the best thing that can help you pass the Unified State Exam and State Examination.
- 862 Beginning of the reign of Rurik
- 988 Baptism of Rus'
- 1147 First mention of Moscow
- 1237–1480 Mongol-Tatar yoke
- 1240 Battle of the Neva
- 1380 Battle of Kulikovo
- 1480 Standing on the Ugra River. Fall of the Mongol yoke
- 1547 Ivan the Terrible crowned king
- 1589 Establishment of the Patriarchate in Russia
- 1598-1613 Time of Troubles
- 1613 Election of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the kingdom
- 1654 Pereyaslav Rada.
- 1670–1671 Revolt of Stepan Razin
- 1682–1725 Reign of Peter I
- 1700–1721 Northern War
- 1703 Founding of St. Petersburg
- 1709 Battle of Poltava
- 1755 Foundation of Moscow University
- 1762– 1796 Reign of Catherine II
- 1773– 1775 Peasant War led by E. Pugachev
- 1812– 1813 Patriotic War
- 1812 Battle of Borodino
- 1825 Decembrist Revolt
- 1861 Abolition of serfdom
- 1905– 1907 First Russian Revolution
- 1914 Russia's entry into the First World War
- 1917 February Revolution. Overthrow of the autocracy
- 1917 October Revolution
- 1918– 1920 Civil War
- 1922 Formation of the USSR
- 1941– 1945 Great Patriotic War
- 1957 Launch of the first artificial Earth satellite
- 1961 Flight of Yu.A. Gagarin into space
- 1986 Chernobyl accident
- 1991 Collapse of the USSR
It must necessarily include memorizing several of the most important dates in Russian history. We offer a list to remember the most important of them:
Brief chronology of Russian History.
- VI century n. e., from 530 - Great Migration of the Slavs. The first mention of the Ros/Russians
- 860 - the first Russian campaign against Constantinople
- 862 - The year to which the “Tale of Bygone Years” refers to the “calling of the Norman king” Rurik.
- 911 - The campaign of the Kyiv prince Oleg to Constantinople and the agreement with Byzantium.
- 941 - Campaign of the Kyiv prince Igor to Constantinople.
- 944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
- 945 - 946 - Submission of the Drevlyans to Kyiv
- 957 - Princess Olga's trip to Constantinople
- 964–966 - Svyatoslav’s campaigns against the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yasses and Kasogs
- 967–971 - War of Prince Svyatoslav with Byzantium
- 988–990 - The beginning of the baptism of Rus'
- 1037 - Foundation of the Church of Sophia in Kyiv
- 1043 - Prince Vladimir's campaign against Byzantium
- 1045–1050 - Construction of the Temple of Sophia in Novgorod
- 1073 - “Izbornik” of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
- 1100 - Second congress of princes in Uvetichi (Vitichev)
- 1147 - The first chronicle mention of Moscow
- 1158–1160 - Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma
- 1169 - Capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
- 1170 February 25 - Victory of the Novgorodians over the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
- 1188 - Approximate date of appearance of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”
- 1202 - Founding of the Order of the Sword (Livonian Order)
- 1206 - Temujin is proclaimed “Great Khan” of the Mongols and takes the name Genghis Khan
- 1223 May 31 - Battle of Russian princes and Polovtsians on the river. Kalke
- 1224 - Capture of Yuriev (Tartu) by the Germans
- 1237 - Union of the Order of the Sword and the Teutonic Order
- 1237–1238 - Invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Rus'
- 1238 March 4 - Battle of the river. City
- 1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neve
- 1240 December 6 (or November 19) - Capture of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars
- 1242 April 5 - “Battle of the Ice” on Lake Peipsi
- 1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde.
- 1378 - The first victory of Russian troops over the Tatars on the river. Vozhe
- 1380 September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo
- 1382 - Campaign to Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh
- 1395 - Defeat of the Golden Horde by Timur (Tamerlane)
- 1410 July 15 - Battle of Grunwald. The raid of German knights by Polish-Lithuanian-Russian troops
- 1469–1472 - Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India
- 1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni
- 1480 - “Standing” on the river. Eel. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
- 1484–1508 - Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets
- 1507–1508, 1512–1522 - Wars of the Moscow State with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Return of Smolensk and Smolensk land
- 1510 - Pskov annexed to Moscow
- 1547 January 16 - Crowning of Ivan IV to the throne
- 1550 - Code of Law of Ivan the Terrible. Creation of the Streltsy army
- 1550 October 3 - Decree on the placement of the “chosen thousand” in the counties adjacent to Moscow
- 1552 - Capture of Kazan by Russian troops. Annexation of the Kazan Khanate
- 1556 - Astrakhan annexed to Russia
- 1558–1583 - Livonian War
- 1565–1572 - Oprichnina
- 1569 - Union of Lublin. Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- 1582 January 15 - Truce of the Russian state with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Zapolsky Yam
- 1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
- 1590–1593 - War of the Russian state with Sweden
- 1591 May - Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich
- 1595 - Conclusion of the Tyavzin Peace with Sweden
- 1598 January 7 - Death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich and the end of the Rurik dynasty
- October 1604 - Intervention of False Dmitry I into the Russian state
- 1605 June - Overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow. Accession of False Dmitry I
- 1606 - Uprising in Moscow and murder of False Dmitry I
- 1607 - Beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II
- 1609–1618 - Open Polish-Swedish intervention
- 1611 March-April - Creation of a militia against the invaders
- 1611 September-October - Creation of a militia led by Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod
- 1612 October 26 - Capture of the Moscow Kremlin by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky
- 1613 - February 7–21 - Election of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the kingdom by the Zemsky Sobor
- 1633 - Death of Patriarch Filaret, father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich
- 1648 - Uprising in Moscow - “Salt Riot”
- 1649 - “Conciliar Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
- 1649–1652 - Erofei Khabarov’s campaigns to the Daurian land along the Amur
- 1652 - Nikon’s consecration as patriarch
- 1653 - Zemsky Sobor in Moscow and the decision to reunite Ukraine with Russia
- 1654 January 8–9 - Pereyaslav Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia
- 1654–1667 - Russia's war with Poland over Ukraine
- 1667 January 30 - Truce of Andrusovo
- 1670–1671 - Peasant war led by S. Razin
- 1676–1681 - Russia’s war with Turkey and Crimea for Right Bank Ukraine
- 1681 January 3 - Truce of Bakhchisarai
- 1682 - Abolition of localism
- 1682 May - Streltsy uprising in Moscow
- 1686 - "Eternal Peace" with Poland
- 1687–1689 - Crimean campaigns, book. V.V. Golitsyna
- 1689 August 27 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China
- 1689 September - Overthrow of Princess Sophia
- 1695–1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I
- 1696 January 29 - death of Ivan V. Establishment of autocracy of Peter I
- 1697–1698 - “Great Embassy” of Peter I to Western Europe
- 1698 April-June - Streltsy riot
- 1699 December 20 - Decree on the introduction of a new calendar from January 1, 1700.
- 1700 July 13 - Truce of Constantinople with Turkey
- 1700–1721 - Northern War between Russia and Sweden
- 1700 - Death of Patriarch Adrian. Appointment of Stefan Yavorsky as locum tenens of the patriarchal throne
- 1700 November 19 - defeat of Russian troops near Narva
- 1703 - The first stock exchange in Russia (merchant meeting) in St. Petersburg
- 1707–1708 - Uprising on the Don by K. Bulavin
- 1709 June 27 - Defeat of Swedish troops at Poltava
- 1711 - Prut campaign of Peter I
- 1712 - Decree on the establishment of commercial and industrial companies
- 1714 March 23 - Decree on unified inheritance
- 1714 July 27 - Victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish at Gangut
- 1721 August 30 - Peace of Nystad between Russia and Sweden
- 1721 October 22 - Acceptance of the imperial title by Peter I
- 1722 January 24 - Table of Ranks
- 1722–1723 - Persian campaign of Peter I
- 1724 January 28 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 1725 January 28 - Death of Peter I
- 1726 February 8 - Establishment of the Supreme Privy Council
- 1727 May 6 - death of Catherine I
- 1730 January 19 - Death of Peter II
- 1731 - Cancellation of the decree on unified inheritance
- 1735–1739 - Russian-Turkish War
- 1740 from November 8 to 9 - Palace coup, overthrow of regent Biron. Announcement of Regent Anna Leopoldovna
- 1741–1743 - The war between Russia and Sweden
- 1741 November 25 - Palace coup, installation of Elizabeth Petrovna on the throne by the guards
- 1743 June 16 - Peace of Abo with Sweden
- 1755 January 12 - Decree on the founding of Moscow University
- 1756 August 30 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian theater in St. Petersburg (F. Volkov’s troupe)
- 1759 August 1 (12) - Victory of Russian troops at Kunnersdorf
- 1760 September 28 - Capture of Berlin by Russian troops
- 1762 February 18 - Manifesto “On the Liberty of the Nobility”
- 1762 July 6 - Assassination of Peter III and accession to the throne of Catherine II
- 1764 - Establishment of the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg
- 1764 from July 4 to 5 - Attempted coup by V.Ya. Mirovich. The murder of Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg fortress
- 1770 June 24–26 - Defeat of the Turkish fleet in Chesme Bay
- 1773–1775 - First section of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- 1773–1775 - Peasant war led by E.I. Pugacheva
- 1774 July 10 - Peace of Kuchuk-Kainarzhi with Turkey
- 1783 - Annexation of Crimea to Russia 1785 April 21 - Charters granted to the nobility and cities
- 1787–1791 - Russian-Turkish War
- 1788–1790 - Russian-Swedish War 1791 December 29 - Peace of Iasi with Turkey
- 1793 - Second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- 1794 - Polish uprising led by T. Kosciuszko and its suppression
- 1795 - Third partition of Poland
- 1796 - Formation of the Little Russian province 1796–1797. - War with Persia
- 1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns by A.V. Suvorov
- 1801 January 18 - Manifesto on the accession of Georgia to Russia
- 1801 from March 11 to 12 - Palace coup. Assassination of Paul I. Accession to the throne of Alexander I
- 1804–1813 - Russian-Iranian war
- 1805 November 20 - Battle of Austerlitz
- 1806–1812 - Russia's war with Turkey
- 1807 June 25 - Peace of Tilsit
- 1808–1809 - Russian-Swedish war
- 1810 January 1 - Establishment of the State Council
- 1812 - Invasion of Napoleon's Grand Army into Russia. Patriotic War
- 1812 August 26 - Battle of Borodino
- 1813 January 1 - Beginning of the Foreign Campaign of the Russian Army
- 1813 October 16–19 - "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig
- 1814 March 19 - Allied forces enter Paris
- 1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna
- 1825 December 14 - Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg
- 1826–1828 - Russian-Iranian war
- 1827 October 20 - Battle of Navarino Bay
- 1828 February 10 - Turkmanchay peace treaty with Iran
- 1828–1829 - Russian-Turkish War
- 1829 September 2 - Treaty of Adrianople with Turkey
- 1839–1843 - Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kankrina
- 1853–1856 - Crimean War
- 1854 September - 1855 August - Defense of Sevastopol
- 1856 March 18 - Treaty of Paris
- 1860 May 31 - Establishment of the State Bank
- 1861 February 19 - Abolition of serfdom
- 1861 - Establishment of the Council of Ministers
- 1863 June 18 - University Charter
- 1864 November 20 - Decree on judicial reform. "New judicial statutes"
- 1865 - Military judicial reform
- 1875 April 25 - St. Petersburg Treaty between Russia and Japan (on South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
- 1877–1878 - Russian-Turkish War
- 1879 August - Split of “Land and Freedom” into “Black Redistribution” and “People’s Will”
- 1881 March 1 - Assassination of Alexander II by revolutionary populists
- 1885 January 7–18 - Morozov strike
- 1892 - Russian-French secret military convention
- 1896 - Invention of the radiotelegraph by A.S. Popov
- 1896 May 18 - Khodynka tragedy in Moscow during the coronation of Nicholas II
- 1898 March 1–2 - First Congress of the RSDLP
- 1902 - Formation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs)
- 1904–1905 - Russo-Japanese War
- 1905 January 9 - “Bloody Sunday”. The beginning of the first Russian revolution
- April 1905 - Formation of the Russian Monarchist Party and the “Union of the Russian People”.
- 1905 May 12-June 1 - General strike in Ivanovo-Voskresensk. Formation of the first Council of Workers' Deputies
- 1905 May 14–15 - Battle of Tsushima
- 1905 June 9–11 - Lodz Uprising
- 1905 June 14–24 - Mutiny on the battleship Potemkin
- 1905 August 23 - Treaty of Portsmouth with Japan
- 1905 October 12–18 - Founding Congress of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets)
- 1905 October 13 - Creation of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies
- 1905 October 17 - Manifesto of Nicholas II
- 1905 November - The emergence of the “Union of October 17” (Octobrists)
- 1905 December 9–19 - Moscow armed uprising
- 1906 April 27-July 8 - I State Duma
- 1906 November 9 - Beginning of the agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin
- 1914 July 19 (August 1) - Germany declares war on Russia. Beginning of the First World War
- 1916 May 22-July 31 - Brusilovsky breakthrough
- 1916 December 17 - Murder of Rasputin
- 1917 February 26 - Beginning of the transition of troops to the side of the revolution
- 1917 February 27 - February Revolution. Overthrow of the autocracy in Russia
- 1917, March 3 - Abdication of the leader. book Mikhail Alexandrovich. Declaration of the Provisional Government
- 1917 June 9–24 - I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
- 1917 August 25-September 1 - Kornilov rebellion
- 1917 October 24–25 - Armed Bolshevik coup. Overthrow of the Provisional Government
- 1917 October 25 - Opening of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets
- 1917 October 26 - Soviet decrees on peace, on land. "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
- 1917 November 12 - Elections to the Constituent Assembly
- 1917 December 7 - Decision of the Council of People's Commissars to create the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for the Fight against Counter-Revolution (VChK)
- 1917 December 14 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the nationalization of banks
- 1917 December 18 - Independence of Finland
- 1918–1922 - Civil war on the territory of the former Russian Empire
- 1918 January 6 - Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly
- 1918 January 26 - Decree on the transition to a new calendar style from February 1 (14)
- 1918 - March 3 - Conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Peace
- 1918 July 10 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR
- 1920 January 16 - Lifting of the blockade of Soviet Russia by the Entente
- 1920 - Soviet-Polish War
- 1921 February 28-March 18 - Kronstadt uprising
- 1921 March 8–16 - X Congress of the RCP(b). Decision on the "New Economic Policy"
- 1921 March 18 - Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland
- 1922 April 10-May 19 - Genoa Conference
- 1922 April 16 - Rappal separate treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
- 1922 December 27 - Formation of the USSR
- 1922 December 30 - I Congress of Soviets of the USSR
- 1924 January 31 - Approval of the Constitution of the USSR
- 1928 October - 1932 December - First Five-Year Plan. The beginning of industrialization in the USSR
- 1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization
- 1933–1937 - Second Five Year Plan
- 1934 December 1 - Murder of S.M. Kirov. The deployment of mass terror in the USSR
- 1936 December 5 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR
- 1939 August 23 - Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
- 1939 September 1 - German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II
- 1939 September 17 - Entry of Soviet troops into Poland
- 1939 September 28 - Soviet-German Treaty of Friendship and Borders
- 1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish War
- 1940 June 28 - Entry of Soviet troops into Bessarabia
- 1940 June-July - Soviet occupation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
- 1941 April 13 - Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty
- 1941 June 22 - Attack of Nazi Germany and its allies on the USSR. Beginning of the Great Patriotic War
- 1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War
- 1945 September 2 - Act of Unconditional Surrender of Japan
- 1945 November 20 - 1946 October 1 - Nuremberg trials
- 1946–1950 - Fourth Five-Year Plan. Restoration of the destroyed national economy
- 1949 January 5–8 - Creation of CMEA
- 1949 August 29 - First test of an atomic bomb in the USSR
- 1954 June 27 - Launch of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk
- 1955 14m; 1st - Creation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO)
- 1955 July 18–23 - Meeting of the heads of government of the USSR, Great Britain, USA and France in Geneva
- 1956 February 14–25 - XX Congress of the CPSU
- 1956 June 30 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union “Overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences”
- 1957 October 4 - Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR
- 1961 April 12 - Flight of Yu.A. Gagarin on the Vostok spacecraft
- 1965 - Reform of the economic management mechanism in the USSR
- 1968 August 21 - Intervention of ATS countries in Czechoslovakia
- 1971, March 30-April 9 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU
- 1972 May 26 - Signing in Moscow of the “Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and the USA.” The beginning of the policy of "détente"
- 1977 October 7 - Adoption of the Constitution of “developed socialism” of the USSR
- 1979 December 24 - Beginning of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan
- 1986 April 26 - Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
- 1987 June-July - The beginning of the policy of “perestroika” in the USSR
- 1988 June 28-July 1 - XIX Conference of the CPSU. The beginning of political reform in the USSR
- 1989 May 25-June 9. - I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, elected on the basis of changes to the Constitution of the USSR
- 1990 March 11 - Adoption of the act of independence of Lithuania.
- 1990 March 12–15 - III Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
- 1990 May 1-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia
- 1991 March 17 - Referendum on preserving the USSR and introducing the post of President of the RSFSR
- 1991 June 12 - Russian presidential elections
- 1991 July 1 - Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact Organization in Prague
- 1991 August 19–21 - Attempted coup in the USSR (Case of the State Emergency Committee)
- 1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the “Commonwealth of Independent States” and the dissolution of the USSR
- 1993 March - VIII and IX Congresses of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
- 1993 April 25 - All-Russian referendum on confidence in the policies of the President of Russia
- 1993 September 21 - Decree of B.N. Yeltsin “On stage-by-stage constitutional reform” and the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation
- 1993 October 3–4 - Demonstrations and armed actions of the pro-communist opposition in Moscow. Storming of the Supreme Council building by troops loyal to the President
- 1993 December 12 - Elections to the State Duma and Federation Council. Referendum on the draft new Constitution of the Russian Federation
- 1994 January 11 - Start of work of the State Duma and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in Moscow
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