How to dilute dioxidine for douching. Treatment of acute endometritis. Complex drops

The drug Dimexide is used quite widely in medicine, including for the treatment of many diseases in gynecology. For this purpose, tampons with Dimexide are made.

Dimexide is a synthetic product for external use that is an antiseptic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drug.

How it works

The anti-inflammatory effect is exerted by suppressing active substances that cause inflammation in the body.

Significantly helps reduce swelling of tissues and discharge from the genital organs. It also has an antimicrobial effect as it perfectly penetrates bacterial cells. Light anesthetic effect, reduces discomfort in the genital area.

Dimexide is absorbed into tissues as deeply as possible, and therefore its use is possible in combination with other medicinal substances. Most often it is Lidaza, Vishnevsky ointment, aloe. Because of this unique ability of Dimexide, the substances instantly act on inflammation, which helps rapid recovery. If you need to quickly relieve pain, tampons soaked in Novocaine and Dimexide are prescribed. If it is a bacterial infection, antibiotics in the form of injection solutions will come to the aid of the remedy.

For what ailments

Dimexide helps in the treatment of diseases that are caused by a number of viruses, all kinds of bacteria and various groups of fungi. These are the following diseases:

erosion;
vulvovaginitis;
cervicitis;
thrush;
inflammation of the genital organs;
postpartum infections
previous operations
malignant neoplasms

In the latter case, only as part of complex therapy, and Dimexide, as an adjuvant for the restoration of the body after therapy with radiation.

How to use

Often, women sometimes have to think about how to make tampons using Dimexide themselves. Pharmacy tampons are not used in this case, since they are already impregnated with a certain substance, and this may result in an undesirable reaction, so you need to prepare sterile tampons yourself from available materials. Absolutely every drug, and Dimexide is no exception, has some contraindications and indications for use.

The correct approach to this drug will only benefit the body. To avoid negative consequences, it is necessary to check the drug for an allergic reaction before use. You may immediately be disturbed by the pungent odor in the form of an unpleasant garlic odor, but you can tolerate it; it is short-lived. It’s better to think about your health, because this is much more important than such minor inconveniences.

Making a tampon yourself

A tampon is initially a hygienic product, so it must be completely sterile. The tampon can be made either round or oblong.

Homemade tampons should be the same shape and size as a regular tampon purchased at the pharmacy. The materials at hand are sterile cotton wool, a sterile bandage and gauze, and threads. Everything should be used only new and clean. Scissors and other necessary equipment are sterilized in hot water or disinfected with alcohol. Hands should be washed with soap or sterile gloves should be used. These are the basic conditions under which a tampon is made.

From the prepared bandage you need to cut a tape of approximately 15-20 centimeters in length. Roll a ball from the existing cotton wool with an approximate diameter of 3 centimeters. Be sure to treat the thread with alcohol.

When making a tampon in the shape of a cylinder, cotton wool is taken, rolled tightly, and the upper part is secured with thread. To ensure that the cotton wool is rolled up neatly, it is wrapped in gauze or a bandage, the edges of which are tightly tied. The part with the tied edges should extend beyond the vagina, which will make it easy to remove the tampon at the end of the procedure. If everything is done correctly, observing the required proportions, there will be no problems with inserting a tampon. The same goes for extracting it.
Making a round tampon is even easier. Take a piece of cotton wool and roll it into a tight ball. The already prepared solution is applied. Placed in layers of gauze or bandage, tied with thread. If the tampon is difficult to insert into the vagina, you can try inserting it with a pencil and then pulling it out.

At the same time, everyone needs to take into account that cotton wool expands when wet and increases in volume. To prevent this from happening, the cotton wool is tightly wrapped in a bandage and tied well with thread. The end of the tampon must also come out. If it is missing, problems may arise during extraction.

During production, you should remember some important points:

You need to roll the bandage so that its edges with protruding threads are turned inward, otherwise the threads will remain in the vagina.
The tampon should not be made too large, as it will be difficult to insert and will cause some discomfort inside. But it shouldn’t be small either, because it won’t fit the required amount of medicine.

Preparation of the solution

When the tampon is completely ready, you can begin diluting the solution.

The most important thing is dilution to the desired concentration. The concentration depends on the type or degree of the disease, which can only be determined by a doctor.

Proportions for diluting Dimexide with water:

Preparation of a 10% solution: 18 ml water + 2 ml of the drug.
Preparation of a 20% solution: 8 ml water + 2 ml of the drug.
Preparation of a 25% solution: 6 ml water + 2 ml of the drug.
Preparation of a 30% solution: water 14 ml + 6 ml of the drug.
Preparation of a 40% solution: 6 ml water + 4 ml of the drug.
Preparation of a 50% solution: water 5 ml + 5 ml of the drug.
Preparation of a 90% solution: water 2 ml + 18 ml of the drug.

It is usually recommended to make a 10% or 30% solution. When diluting the product, only distilled and boiled water is used - this is a prerequisite for dilution. The prepared solution can be stored, but only under the correct storage conditions. It should be tightly closed and located in a place protected from light, perhaps in the refrigerator. But it’s still better to cook fresh every time.

It is important to remember that in each case it is forbidden to use Dimexide in concentrated form, because in this form it is dangerous, as it causes burns to the mucous membranes.

How to enter

The prepared solution is pumped into a syringe without a needle, poured into a tampon and immediately inserted inside. A tampon soaked in diluted Dimexide is inserted into the vagina as deeply as possible. With this method of application, the prepared product will have a full effect on the source of inflammation. Penetrating through the mucous membrane to the affected areas, the medicine has an immediate effect. This procedure is carried out at night and in the morning. You can use this product for no more than 10 hours in a row.

Treatment is carried out for 10 days. After several simple procedures, the woman’s condition immediately noticeably improves.

This method of treatment is quite simple. Each woman will be able to carry out the procedures independently using available, available means.

Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as the opinions of specialist doctors on the use of Dioxidin in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not stated by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Dioxidine in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of wounds and ulcers, sinusitis and boils, as well as inhalations in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Dioxidine is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug from the group of quinoxaline derivatives, has chemotherapeutic activity against infections caused by Proteus vulgaris, dysentery bacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella, staphylococci, streptococci, pathogenic anaerobes (including causative agents of gas gangrene), acts for strains of bacteria resistant to other chemotherapy drugs, including antibiotics.

The development of drug resistance in bacteria is possible. When administered intravenously, it is characterized by a small therapeutic width, and therefore strict adherence to the recommended doses is necessary. Treatment of burn and purulent-necrotic wounds promotes faster cleansing of the wound surface, stimulates reparative regeneration and marginal epithelization, and has a beneficial effect on the course of the wound process.

When applied topically, it is partially absorbed from the wound or burn surface and excreted by the kidneys.

purulent bacterial infections caused by sensitive microflora when other chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective or poorly tolerated.

superficial and deep wounds of various locations;
long-term non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers;
soft tissue phlegmon;
infected burns;
purulent wounds with osteomyelitis.

purulent processes in the chest and abdominal cavity;
for purulent pleurisy, pleural empyema, lung abscesses, peritonitis, cystitis, wounds with deep purulent cavities (soft tissue abscesses, pelvic cellulitis, postoperative wounds of the urinary and biliary tract, purulent mastitis).

Solution in ampoules for inhalation and local, as well as intracavitary use (in the nose) 5 mg/ml and 1%.

Ointment for external use 5%.

Solution for intravenous administration 0.5%.

Instructions for use and usage diagrams

Dioxidin is prescribed in a hospital setting. Apply externally, intracavity.

Dioxidin 1% solution cannot be used for intravenous administration due to the instability of the solution when stored at low temperatures.

Apply 0.1-1% solutions of Dioxidin. To obtain 0.1-0.2% solutions, ampoule solutions of the drug are diluted to the required concentration with sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution or water for injection.

To treat superficial infected purulent wounds, wipes moistened with a 0.5-1% solution of dioxidine are applied to the wound. Deep wounds after treatment are loosely tamponed with tampons moistened with a 1% solution of dioxidine, and if there is a drainage tube, 20 to 100 ml of a 0.5% solution of the drug is injected into the cavity.

For the treatment of deep purulent wounds with osteomyelitis (wounds of the hand, foot), 0.5-1% solutions of the drug are used in the form of baths or special treatment of the wound with a solution of the drug is carried out for a period of minutes (injection of the solution into the wound for this period), followed by the application of bandages with a 1% solution of dioxidine .

Dioxidin in the form of 0.1-0.5% solutions can be used to prevent infection after surgery. According to indications (patients with osteomyelitis) and if well tolerated, treatment can be carried out daily for 1.5-2 months.

Depending on its size, 1% dioxidine solution is injected into the purulent cavity per day. Dioxidine solution is injected into the cavity through a catheter, drainage tube or syringe.

The maximum daily dose for administration into the cavities is 70 ml of a 1% solution.

The drug is usually administered into the cavity once a day. According to indications, it is possible to administer a daily dose in two doses. If well tolerated and indicated, the drug can be administered daily for 3 weeks or more. If necessary, repeat courses are carried out after 1-1.5 months.

headache;
chills;
rising temperatures;
dyspeptic disorders;
convulsive muscle contractions;
allergic reactions;
photosensitizing effect (appearance of pigmented spots on the body when exposed to sunlight);
periwound dermatitis (for external use).

adrenal insufficiency (including history);
pregnancy;
lactation period;
childhood;
hypersensitivity to dioxidine.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

Dioxidin is prescribed only to adults. Before starting the course of treatment, a drug tolerance test is carried out, for which 10 ml of a 1% solution is injected into the cavities. If there are no side effects within 3-6 hours (dizziness, chills, increased body temperature), a course of treatment is started.

Dioxidin is prescribed only for severe forms of infectious diseases or when other antibacterial drugs are ineffective, incl. cephalosporins 2-4 generations, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems.

In case of chronic renal failure, the dose is reduced.

If pigment spots appear, increase the duration of administration of a single dose to 1.5-2 hours, reduce the dose, prescribe antihistamines or discontinue Dioxidin.

If Dioxidin crystals fall out in ampoules with a solution during storage (at temperatures below 15°C), they are dissolved by heating the ampoules in a boiling water bath while shaking until the crystals are completely dissolved (transparent solution). If, when cooled to 36-38°C, the crystals do not fall out again, the drug is suitable for use.

Analogs of the drug Dioxidin

Structural analogues of the active substance:

Dioxidine

Material from Consultation with a gynecologist

Broad-spectrum antibacterial bactericidal drug. Active against Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Friedlander's bacillus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteria spp., Shigella flexneri spp., Shigella boydii spp., Shigella sonnei spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., pathogenic anaerobes ( Clostridium perfringens). Acts on strains of bacteria resistant to other antibacterial agents, including antibiotics. Does not have a local irritating effect. The development of drug resistance in bacteria is possible. When administered intravenously, it is characterized by a small therapeutic width, and therefore strict adherence to the recommended doses is necessary. Treatment of burn and purulent-necrotic wounds promotes faster cleansing of the wound surface, stimulates reparative regeneration and marginal epithelization, and has a beneficial effect on the course of the wound process.

When applied topically, it is partially absorbed from the wound or burn surface, excreted by the kidneys. After intravenous administration, the therapeutic concentration in the blood remains for 4-6 hours. It penetrates well and quickly into all organs and tissues, excreted by the kidneys. The time for the onset of Cmax in the blood is 1-2 hours after a single administration; it does not accumulate with repeated administrations.

Ointment, aerosol: wound and burn infection (superficial and deep purulent wounds of various locations, long-term non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers, soft tissue phlegmon, infected burns; purulent wounds with osteomyelitis, purulent processes in the pelvic tissue). Solution (washing wounds and purulent foci, introducing into cavities): purulent processes in the chest and abdominal cavity: purulent pleurisy, pleural empyema, lung abscess, peritonitis; cystitis, wounds with deep purulent cavities (soft tissue abscesses, pelvic cellulitis, postoperative wounds of the urinary and biliary tract, purulent mastitis). IV administration: septic conditions (including in patients with burn disease), purulent meningitis, purulent-inflammatory processes with symptoms of generalized infection.

Hypersensitivity, adrenal insufficiency, pregnancy, lactation.

Locally, intracavitary, i.v. Apply napkins soaked in solution to the wounds. Deep wounds are packed or irrigated with a 0.5% solution. The solution is injected into the cavity through a drainage tube, catheter or syringe, ml of a 1% solution. In the form of an aerosol: 1.5-3 g of foam (when you press the nozzle all the way for 1-2 seconds, a cubic cm comes out of the balloon) is applied evenly (the thickness of the foam layer is 1-1.5 cm) on the wound surface, previously cleaned of purulent-necrotic masses , daily or every other day, depending on the condition of the burn wound and the course of the wound process. The maximum daily dose is 2.5 g. Duration of treatment is 3 weeks. In severe septic conditions, intravenous drip, 0.5% injection solution, previously diluted in a 5% glucose solution or in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution to a concentration of 0.1-0.2%. The highest single dose is 300 mg, daily dose is 600 mg.

After IV and intracavitary administration, headache, chills, hyperthermia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsive muscle twitching; local reactions, periwound dermatitis.

Dioxidin, instructions for use

General information about the drug

The drug was developed in Moscow, at the All-Union Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, according to the classification it belongs to the derivatives of quinoxaline di-N-oxide. In 1976, it was allowed to be used in medical practice. The production of the medicine is carried out only on the territory of the Russian Federation. Research on Dioxidin lasted 15 years, they showed a wide spectrum of antibiotic action. The medicine is available in the form of 0.5 and 1% solution in ampoules containing 10 or 5 ml. Used externally, intracavitarily or intravenously. It is a yellowish liquid, odorless, but bitter in taste. There is a 5% ointment packaged in tubes or jars of 100, 50, 25, 30 grams. Dioxidin is also included in the ointment called “Dioxikol” and the antibacterial soap “Effect”.

What properties does Dioxidin have?

The drug is a synthetic antimicrobial agent that can have a bactericidal effect. Dioxidin selectively inhibits the formation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in microbial cells, without in any way affecting the formation of protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA). In this case, the structure of the microbial cell membrane is disrupted. In the absence of oxygen, the effectiveness of the drug increases even more. This increase in activity is characteristic only of quinoxaline di-N-oxide derivatives, which have antibacterial properties. Dioxidin manages to stimulate the formation of reactive oxygen species in an infected organism. When treating burn and wound surfaces with Dioxidin, no local irritation occurs. The wound cleanses very well, and then tissue restoration proceeds better. The greatest therapeutic effectiveness of the drug is achieved in the destruction of anaerobes that are sensitive to diatomic oxygen, they are also called obligate. It also destroys aerobic bacteria, which are the culprits of purulent infectious pathologies. Can treat shigellosis, salmonellosis, cholera, pseudotuberculosis. Dioxidin has shown in studies that it can destroy gram-negative microbes: Shigella, Salmonella, Neisseria, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Clepsiella. Shows activity against meningococci, staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris. The drug has been shown to be effective against a bacterium that is considered the culprit of tuberculosis, called Koch's bacillus.

When is Dioxidin prescribed?

The drug is used in surgery (neurosurgery), dentistry, urology, otorhinolaryngology for various types and forms of purulent infection. Diseases for which Dioxidin is prescribed:

lung abscess, pleural empyema, purulent pleurisy;
secondary purulent meningitis, brain abscess;
purulent mastitis, cystitis, peritonitis, sepsis;
phlegmon, skin abscess, trophic ulcers, burns, postoperative, post-traumatic wounds (superficial and deep);
pustules on the skin;
inflamed wounds due to osteomyelitis.

ENT doctors prescribe instillation of the solution for rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis.

It is administered into a vein only in inpatient settings as a backup drug for severe infections or when other antibacterial drugs are ineffective.

How is Dioxidin used?

The drug is used externally in a concentration of 0.1-1%. If a small concentration is needed, then take an ampoule solution of 0.5 or 1% and dilute it with isotonic sodium chloride solution (sterile) or water for injection (sold in pharmacies). Sterile wipes, previously moistened with the solution, are carefully applied to the wounds. If the wounds are deep, then sometimes they are loosely packed. If a drainage tube is present, then from 20 to 100 ml of the drug (0.5%) is injected into the infected cavity. Wounds with osteomyelitis are treated for 15 minutes, after which a bandage is applied, wetting the napkin in a stronger solution (1%). The ointment is applied to the surface of the wound, cleared of necrotic (dead) tissue and pus, in a thin layer, and then a bandage is applied to this area. If the patient tolerates the treatment well, it lasts from 15 to 25 days. The drug is administered inside the cavity using a catheter, syringe or drainage tube - take from 10 to 50 ml of a solution at a concentration of 1%. The procedure is done once a day or two, if the medicine is well tolerated, then treatment can last 3 weeks.

When an ENT doctor (or even a pediatrician) prescribed medicine to be dripped into the nose, then this should be done. Make a notch on the ampoule with a special file and then open it. Take a small amount of solution into a clean pipette (usually a 0.5% concentration) and drop the required amount of the drug into both nostrils. Before the procedure, the patient must blow his nose so that the nose is cleared of mucus and crusts and tilt his head back slightly - this way the medicine will enter the nasal cavity and be well distributed there. The medicine should be poured into a clean bottle with a cap for ease of use. Or use cotton wool instead of a cap and cover the hole in the ampoule with it. The drug should be stored in the refrigerator. It must be removed from there shortly before burial. Before instillation, the solution should already be at room temperature. Adults need to put 3 drops into each nasal passage, while children need 1-2 drops three times a day. Treatment lasts from 3 to 7 days. The manufacturer writes in the instructions that the drug is only for adults, but doctors prescribe it intranasally for children - there will be no harm, no negative consequences have been found over many years of use. Recently, even for ease of use, they began to produce it in 10 ml bottles, which come with a dropper for instillation into the nose or ears.

But this drug is administered intravenously only in a hospital using a dropper under the supervision of a medical professional. Strict adherence to doses and control of tests are required. The drug gives good positive results, but it is toxic when the dosage is exceeded, so it is classified as a reserve drug.

Sometimes crystals form in the solution when stored in a cool room; this is normal. Then you should heat the solution in a water bath so that all the crystals dissolve. Periodic shaking will speed up the process.

About contraindications and side effects

The medicine should not be used for:

pregnancy and breastfeeding;
dysfunction of the adrenal glands;
childhood, up to 12 years (this applies to intravenous and intracavitary administration);
individual intolerance.

When administered intravenously into the body, studies have revealed a number of side effects:

rash, hyperthermia, appearance of pigmented spots on the skin when exposed to sunlight;
headache, cramps;
dyspepsia, abdominal pain, chills, diarrhea, vomiting.

These adverse events occur in 8-10% of all patients.

A good advantage of Dioxidin is the absence of toxic effects on the kidneys, liver, and hearing.

Local treatment with Dioxidin is usually well tolerated.

Extensive experience has been accumulated in the use of Dioxidin for various purulent infections; it is often used topically. But intracavitary or intravenous, due to the risk of overdose and the narrow therapeutic breadth of action, doctors prescribe it less often, since many other safer antibiotics have appeared.

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Dioxidine

Description current as of 01/13/2015

Latin name: Dioxydin
ATX code: J01XX
Active ingredient: Hydroxymethylchinoxalindioxydum
Manufacturer: JSC “Biosintez”, Nizhpharm, Novosibkhimpharm, Moskhimfarmpreparaty im. ON THE. Semashko, Russian Federation PJSC “Farmak”, Ukraine

Compound

One milliliter of a 1% solution for external and intracavitary use includes 10 mg of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide, as well as water for injection in a volume of up to 1 ml.

A milliliter of 0.5 percent solution for local, intravenous and intracavitary use contains 5 mg of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide and water for injection as an excipient (in a volume of up to 1 ml).

A gram of Dioxidin ointment contains 50 mg, as well as excipient substances: polyethylene oxide 400, polyethylene oxide 1500, nipagin, propyl ester of paraoxybenzoic acid.

Release form

The drug has the following dosage forms:

Dioxidin solution 1% for intracavitary and local use;
Dioxidin solution 0.5% for local, intravenous and intracavitary use;
Dioxidin ointment 5%.

A one percent solution is available in 10 ml colorless glass ampoules, 10 ampoules in one package; a 0.5% solution is supplied to pharmacies in colorless glass ampoules of 10 and 20 ml; The ointment is packaged in tubes of 25, 30, 50, 60 and 100 grams.

pharmachologic effect

Dioxidin is a product from the group of synthetic antibacterial bactericidal drugs. The active substance of the drug belongs to the group of quinoxaline derivatives and is characterized by a wide range of pharmacological activity.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The mechanism of action of Dioxidin is associated with the damaging effect of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide on the cell walls of microorganisms, which ultimately suppresses their vital activity and leads to their death.

The drug is active against Proteus vulgaris, Friedlander's bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pathogens of bacterial dysentery from the genus Shigella (Shigella dysenteria, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei), salmonella, which is the most common causative agent of acute diarrhea (Salmonella spp.), Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli), staphylococci (Staphylococcus spp.), streptococci (Streptococcus spp.), which are the causative agents of food toxic infections of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria Clostridium perfringens.

Dioxidin is capable of affecting bacterial strains resistant to other antimicrobial agents (including antibiotics). In this case, the product does not cause local irritation.

The possibility of development of drug resistance of microflora to the drug cannot be excluded.

When administered into a vein, it has a small therapeutic breadth of action, which in turn presupposes strict adherence to the dosage regimen specified in the instructions.

Treatment of burned areas of the body with the drug, as well as purulent-necrotic wounds, allows you to accelerate the healing process of the wound surface, reparative (restorative) tissue regeneration, as well as their marginal epithelization, and has a beneficial effect on the course of the wound process.

Experimental studies have established that the drug is capable of having teratogenic, mutagenic and embryotoxic effects.

When used as a local remedy, it is partially absorbed from the wound or burned surface treated with it. It is eliminated from the body by the kidneys.

After injection into a vein, the therapeutic concentration of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide in the blood remains for the next 4-6 hours. Plasma concentration after a single injection of the solution reaches a maximum after approximately 1-2 hours.

The active substance quickly and easily penetrates into all tissues and internal organs and is excreted by the kidneys. With repeated administrations it does not accumulate in the body.

Indications for use

Indications for IV administration of Dioxidin are:

septic conditions (including conditions developing against the background of burn disease);
purulent meningitis (purulent-inflammatory damage to the membranes of the brain);
purulent-inflammatory processes accompanied by symptoms of generalization.

Intracavitary administration of Dioxidin in ampoules is indicated for purulent-inflammatory processes occurring in the chest or abdominal cavity, including:

purulent pleurisy (pleural empyema);
peritonitis (an inflammatory process affecting the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum);
cystitis (inflammation of the bladder);
empyema of the gallbladder (acute purulent inflammation of the gallbladder).

Intracavitary injections can also be prescribed for prophylactic purposes to prevent the development of infectious complications after bladder catheterization.

Dioxidin is used as an external and local remedy:

for the treatment of burns, trophic ulcers and wounds (including deep and superficial, of various locations, infected and purulent, difficult and long-term healing);
for the treatment of wounds that are characterized by the presence of deep purulent cavities (for example, purulent pleurisy, soft tissue abscesses, phlegmon and pelvic abscesses, postoperative wounds on the organs of the urinary and biliary system, purulent mastitis, etc.);
for the treatment of infectious skin lesions (pyoderma) caused by the activity of streptococci or staphylococci.

Contraindications

The use of Dioxidin is contraindicated:

Side effects

Intracavitary administration and administration of Dioxidin into a vein may be accompanied by:

When Dioxidin is applied topically, periwound dermatitis and itching may occur in the area of the body treated with the drug.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin (Method and dosage)

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in ampoules

Dioxidin is administered intravenously by drip. In severe purulent-septic conditions, the solution before administration is pre-diluted with an isotonic solution (5% dextrose solution or 9% NaCl solution) to obtain a concentration of 0.1-0.1%.

The maximum permissible single dose is 0.3 grams, daily dose is 0.6 grams.

In cases where the patient is indicated for external use of Dioxidin, the drug is used to pack deep wounds, as well as to irrigate affected areas of the body.

After preliminary cleaning and treatment, deep wounds are recommended to be loosely tamponed with tampons soaked in a 1% solution.

If the patient has a drainage tube, he is advised to administer 20 to 100 ml of a 0.5% solution into the cavity.

Therapy of deep purulent wounds on the hands or feet with osteomyelitis involves the use of Dioxidin solutions (0.5 or 1%, as indicated by the attending physician) in the form of baths.

Special treatment of the wound surface within minutes is also allowed: the drug is injected into the wound for a specified time, after which a bandage with a 1% solution of the drug is applied to the affected area of the body.

Treatment of superficial infected purulent wounds involves applying wipes soaked in a 0.5 or 1% solution to the wound surface.

It is recommended to repeat the procedure daily or every other day (the frequency of applications depends on the condition of the wound and the characteristics of the wound process). The highest daily dose is 2.5 grams. Treatment with Dioxidin is usually continued for up to 3 weeks.

For patients with osteomyelitis, as well as if the drug is well tolerated, in some cases treatment can be continued for 1.5-2 months.

If intracavitary administration of the drug is necessary, the patient should inject 10 to 50 ml of a 1% solution into the cavity daily through a catheter or drainage tube. The drug is administered using a syringe, usually once. In some cases, Dioxidin may be administered in 2 doses according to indications.

The course of treatment lasts from 3 weeks. If appropriate, it is repeated after 1-1.5 months.

The highest daily dose for intracavitary administration is 70 ml.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in the ear

To treat otitis media, it is usually customary to use antibiotics and vasoconstrictor drugs. However, in cases where they are not effective, Dioxidin becomes the drug of choice, a feature of which is its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria.

Before instilling the medicine, it is recommended to clean the ear canal from wax using a cotton swab soaked in a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution or special cotton swabs (for convenience, the auricle is slightly pulled back). If the ear is very dirty, leave the tampon with peroxide in it for about 5 minutes.

In case of purulent otitis media, which is often accompanied by perforation of the eardrum and discharge of pus, all purulent contents are first removed from the ear canal before instillation.

For otitis, Dioxidin should be injected simultaneously into the nose and into the ear canal. The solution effectively sanitizes the nasal cavity and stops the inflammatory process in it, and since the nose is connected to the ear by the Eustachian tube, relieving the inflammatory process in the nose has a beneficial effect on the situation as a whole.

The dose and frequency of instillations are selected individually in each specific case and exclusively by the attending physician.

According to the instructions for use, Dioxidin drops are prohibited from being prescribed to patients under 18 years of age. However, in some situations, when it is not possible to achieve an effect using other means, pediatricians prescribe the medicine even to small children.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in the nose

Prescription of Dioxidna in ampoules into the nose is used when it is necessary to treat certain forms of rhinitis, as well as for sinusitis.

For the treatment of adult patients, the drug should be pre-diluted with NaCl solution, hydrocortisone or water for injection before instillation. Dosage in the nose for an adult is from 2 drops to ⅓ pipette. Dioxdin drops are dripped into the nose 3 to 5 times a day. More precisely, the dose and the required frequency of procedures are determined by the attending physician.

The maximum duration of treatment should not exceed 7 days. If after this period the patient does not show improvement, he requires careful examination and, based on his results, appropriate treatment.

There are no official instructions for the use of Dioxidin in the nose for children. However, if appropriate, doctors also use the drug to treat children. Before instilling Dioxidin into the nose, the solution should be diluted to a concentration of 0.1-0.2%. As in the situation with adults, the doctor selects the treatment regimen individually.

As a rule, Dioxidin is administered to a child’s nose 1-2 drops 2 or 3 times a day for 3-5 (maximum 7) days.

Inhalations with Dioxidin for adults

Inhalation therapy is one of the main types of treatment for respiratory tract diseases.

To prepare a solution for inhalation, the medicine is diluted with physiological solution in a ratio of 1:4 for a drug with a concentration of 1% and in a ratio of 1:2 for a drug with a concentration of 0.5%.

For one procedure, 3 to 4 ml of the resulting solution is used. The frequency of procedures is 2 times a day.

Dioxidin ointment: instructions for use

Overdose

In case of an overdose of Dioxidin, acute adrenal insufficiency may develop, which requires immediate discontinuation of the drug and the appointment of appropriate hormone replacement therapy.

Interaction

For patients with hypersensitivity to hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide, Dioxidin is prescribed in combination with antihistamines or calcium preparations.

Terms of sale

Storage conditions

Best before date

special instructions

Prescription of Dioxidin is resorted to only in cases where the use of other antimicrobial drugs (including carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins of the II-IV generations) did not produce the expected effect.

For patients with chronic renal failure, the dosage regimen should be revised towards a lower dose.

When administered intravenously, Dioxidin has a narrow therapeutic range, which requires constant monitoring of compliance with the recommended dosage regimen.

To prevent the development of side effects, treatment with Dioxidin is supplemented with the prescription of antihistamines and calcium supplements. If adverse reactions do occur, the dose is reduced and the patient is prescribed antihistamines.

In some cases, the occurrence of adverse reactions is a reason to discontinue the drug.

If pigment spots appear on the skin, the dose should be reduced, while increasing the duration of its administration (a single dose is administered over one and a half to two hours) and supplementing the therapy with antihistamines.

If crystals appear in ampoules with the drug during storage (usually if the temperature drops below 15°C), it is recommended to dissolve them by heating the ampoules in a water bath (the water should boil) and shaking them periodically until the crystals are completely dissolved.

The solution should be completely transparent. If, after cooling it to 36-38°C, crystals do not form, Dioxidin is considered suitable for use.

During the period of treatment with the drug, care should be taken when driving vehicles, engaging in activities that are potentially hazardous to health and life, as well as performing work that requires a high speed of psychomotor reactions.

Analogues

Dioxidin for children

The drug is not intended for the treatment of children and adolescents under 18 years of age. This contraindication is mainly due to the possible toxic effect of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide.

However, in certain situations, when the expected benefit to the child outweighs the potential risks, the doctor may neglect this limitation. If Dioxidin is prescribed, treatment should be carried out in a hospital setting or under the constant supervision of the attending physician.

In pediatrics, Dioxidin solution is most often used to treat ENT diseases, mainly purulent forms of rhinitis or sinusitis. It is considered most appropriate to use a medicine with a concentration of the active substance of 0.5%.

In addition, the solution and ointment can be used to treat wound surfaces. A solution with a concentration of 0.5% is prescribed if the patient has deep lesions.

However, Dioxidin with such a dosage of the active substance should not be used for a long time. Therefore, as the condition of the wound improves, they switch to a 0.1% solution or ointment.

Dioxidin for a runny nose

The drug is not available in the form of nasal drops, therefore, before dripping Dioxidin into the child’s nose, the contents of the ampoule are diluted with a hypertonic solution to obtain a solution with a concentration of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide of 0.1-0.2%.

It is recommended to administer nasal drops for children three times a day, one or two in each nostril, best after instilling vasoconstrictor drugs that reduce tissue swelling and facilitate nasal breathing. When carrying out the instillation procedure, the patient should tilt his head back so that the medicine penetrates as deeply as possible into the nasal passages.

It should be remembered that after opening the ampoule with the medicine, the solution is considered suitable for use within 24 hours. The maximum permissible duration of treatment for a runny nose is 1 week. However, most pediatricians recommend limiting it to 3-4 days.

Dioxidine in the ear

Dioxidin instillation into the ear is indicated for severe forms of acute inflammation of the middle ear, in cases where the antibiotics prescribed to the child do not give the desired effect.

The solution in ampoules is instilled into the ear twice a day. Moreover, for otitis media, the procedures are also supplemented with nasal drops.

The drug is not ototoxic and does not affect the auditory nerve.

Dioxidin for sinusitis

Dioxidine in ampoules is often used in the treatment of infectious processes localized in the paranasal sinuses. For sinusitis, the solution is used in the form of inhalations or as nasal drops. Drops are administered two or three into each nasal passage. The procedures are repeated 2 times a day.

To treat sinusitis, complex drops can also be used, which are prepared using solutions of dioxidine, adrenaline and hydrocortisone. Complex drops are administered one into each nasal passage 4-5 times during the day.

Compound drops are prepared according to a prescription prescribed by a doctor in a pharmacy or at home.

One milliliter of a 1 percent solution for external and intracavitary use contains 10 mg , as well as water for injection in a volume of up to 1 ml.

A milliliter of 0.5 percent solution for local, intravenous and intracavitary use contains 5 mg hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide and water for injection as an excipient (in a volume of up to 1 ml).

A gram of Dioxidin ointment contains 50 mg, as well as excipient substances: polyethylene oxide 400, polyethylene oxide 1500, nipagin, propyl ester of paraoxybenzoic acid.

Release form

The drug has the following dosage forms:

Dioxidin solution 1% for intracavitary and local use;
Dioxidin solution 0.5% for local, intravenous and intracavitary use;
Dioxidin ointment 5%.

pharmachologic effect

Dioxidin is a drug from the group synthetic antibacterial bactericidal drugs . The active substance of the drug belongs to the group of derivatives quinoxaline and is characterized by a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The mechanism of action of Dioxidin is associated with damaging effects hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide on cell walls microorganisms , which ultimately suppresses their vital activity and leads to their death.

The drug is active against Proteus vulgaris (Proteus vulgaris), Friedlander sticks , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), the causative agent of bacterial dysentery from sort of shigella (Shigella dysenteria, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei), salmonella , which is the most common causative agent of acute (Salmonella spp.), coli (Escherichia coli), staphylococci (Staphylococcus spp.), streptococci (Streptococcus spp.), which are causative agents of food toxic infections of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria Clostridium perfringens.

Dioxidine is able to affect resistant to other antimicrobial agents (including but not limited to) strains of bacteria. In this case, the product does not cause local irritation.

The possibility of developing drug resistance to the drug cannot be ruled out.

When administered into a vein, it has a small therapeutic breadth of action, which in turn presupposes strict adherence to the dosage regimen specified in the instructions.

Treatment of burned areas of the body with the drug, as well as purulent-necrotic wounds , allows you to accelerate the healing process of the wound surface, reparative (restorative) tissue regeneration, as well as their marginal epithelization, has a beneficial effect on the course of the wound process.

Experimental studies have established that the drug is capable of providing teratogenic , mutagenic And embryotoxic action.

When used as a local remedy, it is partially absorbed from the wound or burned surface treated with it. It is eliminated from the body by the kidneys.

After injection into a vein, the therapeutic concentration hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide persists for the next 4-6 hours. Plasma concentration after a single injection of the solution reaches a maximum after approximately 1-2 hours.

The active substance quickly and easily penetrates into all tissues and internal organs and is excreted by the kidneys. With repeated administrations it does not accumulate in the body.

Indications for use

Indications for IV administration of Dioxidin are:

septic conditions (including conditions developing against the background of burn disease);
purulent (purulent-inflammatory damage to the membranes of the brain);
accompanied by symptoms of generalization purulent-inflammatory processes .

Intracavitary administration of Dioxidin in ampoules is indicated for leaks in the chest or abdominal cavity purulent-inflammatory processes , including when:

purulent pleurisy (pleural empyema);
peritonitis (inflammatory process affecting the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum);
(inflammation of the bladder);
empyema of the gallbladder (acute purulent inflammation of the gallbladder).

Intracavitary injections can also be prescribed for prophylactic purposes to prevent the development of infectious complications after bladder catheterization .

Dioxidin is used as an external and local remedy:

For burn treatment , trophic ulcers And wounds (including deep and superficial, of various locations, infected and purulent, difficult and long-term healing);
for the treatment of wounds characterized by the presence deep purulent cavities (For example, purulent pleurisy , soft tissue abscesses , phlegmon And pelvic abscesses , postoperative wounds on the organs of the urinary and biliary system, purulent mastitis etc.);
for the treatment of those provoked by activity streptococci or staphylococci infectious skin lesions (pyoderma).

Contraindications

The use of Dioxidin is contraindicated:

at hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
at adrenal insufficiency (including if it is noted in the anamnesis);
at ;
at ;
V pediatric practice .

The drug should be prescribed with caution to patients with chronic .

Side effects

Intracavitary administration and administration of Dioxidin into a vein may be accompanied by:

chills ;
dyspeptic disorders , which are expressed in the form nausea, diarrhea And vomiting ;
increased body temperature;
unexpected convulsive muscle twitching ;
photosensitizing effect (the appearance of pigmented spots on the body when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays);

When Dioxidin is applied topically, there may be near-wound and on the area of the body treated with the drug.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin (Method and dosage)

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in ampoules

Dioxidin is administered intravenously by drip. At severe purulent-septic conditions Before administration, the solution is pre-diluted with an isotonic solution (5% dextrose solution or 9% NaCl solution) to obtain a concentration of 0.1-0.1%.

The maximum permissible single dose is 0.3 grams, daily dose is 0.6 grams.

In cases where the patient is indicated for external use of Dioxidin, the drug is used to pack deep wounds, as well as to irrigate affected areas of the body.

After preliminary cleaning and treatment, deep wounds are recommended to be loosely tamponed with tampons soaked in a 1% solution.

If the patient has a drainage tube, he is advised to administer 20 to 100 ml of a 0.5% solution into the cavity.

Therapy deep purulent wounds on the hands or feet involves the use of Dioxidine solutions (0.5 or 1%, as indicated by the attending physician) in the form of baths.

Special treatment of the wound surface for 15-20 minutes is also allowed: the drug is injected into the wound for the specified time, after which a bandage with a 1% solution of the drug is applied to the affected area of the body.

Treatment of superficial infected purulent wounds involves applying wipes soaked in a 0.5 or 1% solution to the wound surface.

Patients with osteomyelitis , and if the drug is well tolerated, in some cases treatment can be continued for 1.5-2 months.

The course of treatment lasts from 3 weeks. If appropriate, it is repeated after 1-1.5 months.

The highest daily dose for intracavitary administration is 70 ml.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in the ear

For treatment of otitis It is usually customary to use vasoconstrictor drugs . However, in cases where they are not effective, Dioxidin becomes the drug of choice, a feature of which is its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria .

Before instilling the medicine, it is recommended to clean the ear canal from wax using a cotton swab soaked in a 3% solution or special cotton swabs (for convenience, the auricle is slightly pulled back). If the ear is very dirty, leave the tampon with peroxide in it for about 5 minutes.

At purulent otitis , which is often accompanied by perforation of the eardrum and discharge of pus, all purulent contents are first removed from the ear canal before instillation.

At otitis Dioxidine should be injected simultaneously into the nose and ear canal. The solution effectively sanitizes the nasal cavity and stops the inflammatory process in it, and since the nose is connected to the ear by the Eustachian tube, relieving the inflammatory process in the nose has a beneficial effect on the situation as a whole.

The dose and frequency of instillations are selected individually in each specific case and exclusively by the attending physician.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in the nose

For the treatment of adult patients, the drug should be pre-diluted with NaCl solution, hydrocortisone or water for injection before instillation. Dosage in the nose for an adult - from 2 drops to ⅓ pipette. Dioxdin drops are dripped into the nose 3 to 5 times a day. More precisely, the dose and the required frequency of procedures are determined by the attending physician.

As a rule, Dioxidin is administered to a child’s nose 1-2 drops 2 or 3 times a day for 3-5 (maximum 7) days.

Inhalations with Dioxidin for adults

Inhalation therapy is one of the main types treatment of respiratory tract diseases .

For one procedure, 3 to 4 ml of the resulting solution is used. The frequency of procedures is 2 times a day.

Dioxidin ointment: instructions for use

Overdose

In case of an overdose of Dioxidin, it is possible development of acute adrenal insufficiency , which involves immediate discontinuation of the drug and the appointment of appropriate hormone replacement therapy.

Interaction

Patients with hypersensitivity to hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide , Dioxidin is prescribed in combination with antihistamines or calcium supplements.

Terms of sale

On prescription.

Storage conditions

Best before date

24 months.

special instructions

Prescription of Dioxidin is resorted to only in cases where the use of other antimicrobial drugs (including carbapenems , fluoroquinolones , cephalosporins of II-IV generations ) did not give the expected effect.

For patients with chronic renal failure, the dosage regimen should be revised towards a lower dose.

When administered intravenously, Dioxidin has a narrow therapeutic range, which requires constant monitoring of compliance with the recommended dosage regimen.

To prevent the development of side effects, treatment with Dioxidin is supplemented with prescription antihistamines And calcium preparations . If adverse reactions do occur, the dose is reduced and the patient is prescribed antihistamines .

In some cases, the occurrence of adverse reactions is a reason to discontinue the drug.

The solution should be completely transparent. If, after cooling it to 36-38°C, crystals do not form, Dioxidin is considered suitable for use.

In pediatrics, Dioxidin solution is most often used to treat ENT diseases , mainly, purulent forms of rhinitis or sinusitis . It is considered most appropriate to use a medicine with a concentration of the active substance of 0.5%.

In addition, the solution and ointment can be used to treat wound surfaces. A solution with a concentration of 0.5% is prescribed if the patient has deep lesions.

However, Dioxidin with such a dosage of the active substance should not be used for a long time. Therefore, as the condition of the wound improves, they switch to a 0.1% solution or ointment.

Dioxidin for a runny nose

Dioxidine in the ear

Insertion of Dioxidin into the ear is indicated for severe forms acute inflammation of the middle ear , in cases where prescribed to a child antibiotics do not give the desired effect.

The solution in ampoules is instilled into the ear twice a day. Moreover, for otitis media, the procedures are also supplemented with nasal drops.

The drug is not ototoxic and does not affect the auditory nerve.

Dioxidin for sinusitis

Dioxidine in ampoules is often used in the treatment of infectious processes localized in the paranasal sinuses. At sinusitis the solution is used in the form of inhalations or as nasal drops. Drops are administered two or three into each nasal passage. The procedures are repeated 2 times a day.

For treatment sinusitis Complex drops can also be used, which are prepared using solutions of dioxidine, and. Complex drops are administered one into each nasal passage 4-5 times during the day.

Compound drops are prepared according to a prescription prescribed by a doctor in a pharmacy or at home.

The drug is used in surgery (neurosurgery), dentistry, urology, otorhinolaryngology for various types and forms of purulent infection. Diseases for which Dioxidin helps:

pustules on the skin;
lung abscess, pleural empyema, purulent pleurisy;
secondary purulent meningitis, brain abscess;
purulent mastitis, cystitis, peritonitis, sepsis;
inflamed wounds due to osteomyelitis;
phlegmon, skin abscess, trophic ulcers, burns, postoperative, post-traumatic wounds (superficial and deep);

ENT doctors prescribe instillation of the solution for rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis.

A. A. Ivanov, otorhinolaryngologist, Perm.

I often prescribe this drug to my patients during exacerbation of chronic otitis media and purulent sinusitis. The product is inexpensive, helps quickly and effectively even in cases where the use of other topical antibiotics does not bring a positive result. However, I do not recommend using it without a doctor’s prescription, since it is highly toxic and can cause the development of adverse reactions.

Elena, 29 years old, Moscow.

She has treated her son for chronic otitis more than once with Dioxidine. To get rid of the disease, you only need 1 ampoule for the entire course of treatment, so it’s inexpensive. Within a week of using the solution, all symptoms of purulent inflammation can be eliminated.

Lisa, 31 years old, Yekaterinburg.

I have known about Dioxidin since childhood - my mother always treated my sinusitis with it. Great help. Now sometimes I use it myself when my daughter gets green snot because of her adenoids. It helps quickly and effectively, but for some reason not always.

Dioxidin (INN) is an effective antibacterial drug from the group of quinoxaline derivatives. The drug has high bactericidal activity against streptococcus, staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Proteus vulgaris, etc. Often used when the main groups of antibiotics do not show the desired effect.

Dimexide is found under various trade names, but it is based on one active ingredient - hydroxymethylquinoxaline dimexide (dosage from 5 to 50 mg). The medicine has a wide range of uses and should be present in every family's medicine cabinet. Used to treat complex wounds, in the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, septic conditions, meningitis, etc.

What is the price?

This is one of the cheapest drugs with antibacterial activity. Its average price in a pharmacy is about 40 rubles. Excellent therapeutic effect, both local and systemic use, minimal side effects and contraindications - this is one of the best drugs for treating wounds.

What it helps with, indications for use

Very often, dimexide is used when drugs from the main groups (fluoroquinolones, macrolides and cephalosporins) do not have the desired effect. The pharmacological drug can be used locally as an external antiseptic (rinse, compress, lotions, etc.), as well as systemically to prevent generalized infections.

List of main indications (source Wikipedia):

septic conditions;
local purulent-inflammatory processes;
with osteomyelitis;
purulent sinusitis;
wash and rinse the ears and eyes;
for washing wounds;
pustular skin diseases;
after opening phlegmon, etc.;
for sore throat and adenoids;
for treating the face and ears;
in cosmetology for acne and to improve hair growth.

Its use is not limited to the indications described above. The product can be used if there is any inflammatory process caused by an infection, pathogenic microorganism (bacterium), etc.

The package with the medicine contains an annotation that describes the dosage regimen, percentage composition, how to dilute and use the medicine. According to the recommendation of doctors, a 1% solution of Dimexide should be diluted in 100 ml of NACL or dextrose - intravenous route of administration.

Dioxidin drops

In addition to the main forms, the manufacturer presented the solution in the form of drops in the ears, throat and nose. They are used in cases of purulent diseases of the nasal cavity, conjunctivitis and other diseases. Drop 1-2 drops into the open palpebral fissure or nasal passage several times a day. For problems with the throat, gargles are performed. The dosage is identical - 1-2 drops per 100 ml of water.

In more severe conditions, in particular, purulent-inflammatory diseases of the sinuses and nasal cavity, dimexide in ampoules can be used as a combination therapy (dexamethasone, naphthyzin, Nazivin). Adults are given injections of a 1% solution intramuscularly 2 times a day. The course of treatment is carried out within 10 days.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

In the early stages of pregnancy, as well as during breastfeeding (during lactation), it is not recommended to use dimexide in gynecology, as it can cause a teratogenic effect on the fetus.

Application for children

Dioxidin is often used in the daily practice of a pediatrician. So, for children a nebulizer with Dimexide is used. Most often with chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and sore throat. Inhalation proportion with Dimexide for children: per 10 ml of water 1 ml of 0.5% Dimexide.

The drug has been used in medicine for several decades and has proven itself as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. The most sensitive to it are Proteus, many varieties of Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli, pseudomonas, staphylo- and streptococci, salmonella (especially insensitive to other groups of antibiotics). Resistance to it in bacteria develops quite slowly.

The active substance - hydroxymethylquinoxylin dioxide - destroys pathogenic microorganisms by introducing into them and blocking DNA biosynthesis. As a result, the cell is not able to divide, and irreversible destructive processes occur in the structure of its cytoplasm and nucleotide. This is made possible by two special NO groups that activate free radicals under anaerobic conditions. However, this same property also has negative consequences for the macroorganism, which causes the high toxicity of the drug.

Dioxidine release form

The drug is produced by several Russian and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises from yellowish powdery raw materials. The following dosage forms can be purchased in pharmacies:

An ointment intended for topical use, produced by Penza JSC Biosintez. The concentration of hydroxymethylquinoxyline dioxide is 5%.
Solution (used for infusion and topically) 5 mg/ml – product of Shchelkovsky OJSC “Valenta Pharmaceuticals”. Sold in pharmacy chains in five- or ten-milliliter glass ampoules, 3, 5 or 10 pieces in each package.
Dioxidine solution 10 mg/ml is 1 percent of the active ingredient in the drug. Produced by the companies “Valenta Pharmaceuticals”, OJSC “Novosibkhimpharm”, LLC “FERMENT” in ampoules of 5 or 10 ml, used for intracavitary administration and topically.

The solution contains, in addition to hydroxymethylquinoxylin dioxide, which makes up 0.5 or 1 percent of the total volume, water for injection. The latter is sterile distilled water, which serves as a universal solvent for many medicines.

Indications

As mentioned above, Dioxidin is especially effective against anaerobic strains of pathogenic bacteria. Clinical studies that lasted a decade and a half have revealed the high effectiveness of the drug in antibiotic therapy for the following pathologies:

Cellulitis, pyothorax, peritonitis, pleurisy, abscesses of the lungs and mediastinum, in which the solution can be administered either intravenously or directly into the body cavity.
Trophic and purulent skin ulcers, wound infection, burns. In the latter case, the drug is especially effective in helping to avoid sepsis and speeds up healing.
Osteomyelitis.
Inflammation of organs urinary systems (cystitis, for example).
Inflammatory processes in the mammary glands.

All of these diseases are treated in a hospital, but Dioxidin can also be used on an outpatient basis, but only on the recommendation of the attending physician. Typically, the medicine in this case is used for antibiotic therapy of chronic or complicated bacterial rhinitis, which does not respond to treatment with other antibiotics for a long time, and sinusitis. In this case, bacterial culture is done, which identifies the specific cause (type of pathogen).

Dioxidin in the nose for an adult: regimen and dosage

You can do rinsing yourself at home. For sinusitis or a runny nose, this method helps to quickly get rid of painful symptoms. It is recommended to use a solution for intracavitary administration (i.e. 0.5%) without dilution. The 1% drug is diluted with water in a one to one ratio.

Before rinsing, you should remove existing nasal congestion. If it is impossible to do this mechanically, you need to use special vasoconstrictor drops (for example, naphthyzine). It is also advisable to rinse the nasal passages with a saline solution, which thins the accumulated mucus.

When the nose is completely clean, you can begin treatment. To do this, Dioxidin is drawn from the ampoule into a syringe, the needle is removed and the product is injected into the nasal passages one by one. The best option is to tilt your head over the sink so that one nostril is on top and inject the medicine into it. Then turn your face the other way so that the solution flows out of the second nostril.

Dioxidin can also be dripped into the nose of an adult. This method is more convenient and effective than washing. The solution prescribed is the same as in the previous case (0.5%), it does not need to be diluted. The treatment regimen is as follows: three times a day, after preliminary cleaning of the nasal passages, 2 drops of medicine are instilled into each of them.

general information

For more than 30 years, an antibacterial agent has been successfully used in Russian hospitals

Data from experiments and clinical trials on dioxidin have been collected for more than 15 years. The drug has a high antimicrobial effect, a wide spectrum of effects (especially against anaerobes), and is effective in the treatment of severe purulent-infectious processes. However, the drug is toxic, which limits its use in pediatrics as a systemic medication.

At medical forums and congresses, mixed opinions about dioxidine are expressed. It is assessed as an extremely popular and necessary drug on the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation, however, many experts speak sharply negatively about dioxidine, pointing out its unsafety and small therapeutic breadth.

Considering the wide variety and rapid development of chemotherapeutic drugs, it is necessary to highlight the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the scope of application of dioxidine. The advantages and disadvantages of the drug depend on its structure, physical and biochemical characteristics. Dioxidine is a derivative of quinoxaline di-N-oxide.

Derivatives of this substance have an antibacterial effect. They are characterized by increased reaction properties and also easily enter into redox reactions. These characteristics determine the characteristics of antibacterial activity and a number of other biochemical properties of the above substances, incl. toxicity.

Derivatives of quinoxaline di-N-oxide have been actively studied since the 60-80s of the 20th century. In Western countries, a number of drugs were developed based on these compounds, which had high antibacterial activity and a wide spectrum of bactericidal action (Quindoxin, Temadox, etc.). These drugs are used only in veterinary practice - in the treatment and prevention of salmonella infections and other pathogenic bacteria.

Dioxidin was developed at the All-Union Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research Institute in Moscow, based on observations of the biochemical characteristics of more than two hundred substances of this series. In addition, another medicine was obtained - quinoxidine, which is essentially a medicinal form of dioxidine for oral use, because The main active substance of quinoxidine is dioxidine. Dioxidin is produced only on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The reason for the development of dioxidine as a medicine was its increased chemotherapeutic effect, revealed during clinical trials on experimental infectious pathologies similar in pathogenesis to certain human infectious diseases (purulent meningitis, pyelonephritis, etc.

) and caused by resistant aerobic microorganisms (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). The effectiveness of the drug against anaerobes further determined the demand for the drug in clinical practice. Studies have demonstrated a wide range of antibiotic effects of the drug.

The greatest effectiveness of the drug is achieved in the destruction of anaerobic bacteria sensitive to diatomic oxygen (obligate anaerobes). Dioxidin is also effective in destroying aerobic microorganisms - causative agents of purulent infection, as well as in the treatment of certain diseases caused by obligate bacteria (salmonellosis, shigellosis, cholera, pseudotuberculosis).

During experiments with aerobic bacteria, dioxidin demonstrated the greatest effectiveness in destroying gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria meningitidis, salmonella, shigella, Vibrio cholerae, E. Coli, Klebsiella. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci and streptococci showed greater resistance to the drug. The drug is also effective against Koch's bacillus (the bacterium that causes tuberculosis).

Instructions for use

The duration of therapy and dosage are determined by the doctor based on the severity of the disease, the patient’s age and the individual characteristics of the body.

First, the doctor conducts a test to determine sensitivity to the components of the medicine. To do this, Dimexide is diluted with water, and the resulting composition is applied to the inside of the forearm. The absence of a reaction within 10 minutes indicates that the drug is safe for the patient.

Features of the use of the drug:

Candles. The medicine is prescribed as part of complex therapy.
Compresses. As prescribed by the doctor, lidase, antibiotics, novocaine and aloe are additionally used. A clean cloth soaked in the medicine is applied to the site of inflammation. The compress covers diseased and healthy tissues.
Tampons. To prepare them, take sterile cotton wool and soak it with Dimexide solution. The resulting tampons are inserted into the vagina. It is not recommended to use the method during menstruation, as there is a possibility of unwanted chemical reactions.
Electrophoresis. Dimexide is also prescribed as part of physiotherapy. In this way, the medicine penetrates the tissues better, and the therapeutic effect is enhanced.

How to make tampons at home - video

Dioxidin solution according to the instructions for use is prescribed in a hospital setting. Apply externally, intracavity. Dioxidin 1% solution cannot be used for intravenous administration, due to the instability of the solution when stored at low temperatures.

Intracavitary administration:

The drug is usually administered into the cavity 1 time/day. According to indications, it is possible to administer a daily dose in two doses. If well tolerated and indicated, the drug can be administered daily for 3 weeks or more. If necessary, repeat courses are carried out after 1-1.5 months.
Depending on its size, 10-50 ml of 1% dioxidine solution/day is injected into the purulent cavity. Dioxidine solution is injected into the cavity through a catheter, drainage tube or syringe.
The maximum daily dose for administration into the cavities is 70 ml of a 1% solution.

How to dilute for the nose:

Before you begin treatment, find out how to dilute dioxidin for nasal rinsing. Learn to maintain proper concentration and no complications will arise. For an adult, a medicine with a concentration of 0.5% is practically harmless. One percent dioxidine will have to be mixed with water in equal proportions. If you have to treat a child, dilute the 0.5% antibiotic with water in a 2:1 ratio. To prepare a solution of a medicine with a concentration of 1% for 1 part of the medicine, use 3-4 parts of water.

External use:

Apply 0.1-1% solutions of Dioxidin. To obtain 0.1-0.2% solutions, ampoule solutions of the drug are diluted to the required concentration with sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution or water for injection.
For the treatment of deep purulent wounds with osteomyelitis (wounds of the hand, foot), use 0.5-1% solutions of the drug in the form of baths or carry out a special treatment of the wound with a solution of the drug for 15-20 minutes (injection of the solution into the wound for this period), followed by application of bandages with 1% dioxidine solution.
To treat superficial infected purulent wounds, wipes moistened with a 0.5-1% solution of dioxidine are applied to the wound. Deep wounds after treatment are loosely tamponed with tampons moistened with a 1% solution of dioxidine, and if there is a drainage tube, 20 to 100 ml of a 0.5% solution of the drug is injected into the cavity.
Dioxidin in the form of 0.1-0.5% solutions can be used to prevent infection after surgery. According to indications (patients with osteomyelitis) and if well tolerated, treatment can be carried out daily for 1.5-2 months.

How to do inhalations:

To properly prepare a solution for inhalation, you need to monitor the proportion of the drug. If you are prescribed dioxidin for sinusitis or sore throat, use a solution of 0.25% concentration. To do this, mix one part of 0.5% medicine with two parts of water. Dioxidin with a concentration of 1% is diluted in double the volume of liquid. For one inhalation, no more than 4 ml of solution is used.

If we are talking about treating a child, when preparing the solution for inhalation, use one and a half times more water (3:1 for a medicine with a concentration of 0.5% and 6:1 for a medicine with a concentration of 1%). The maximum volume of solution for one inhalation procedure is 3 ml. Calculate the concentration with extreme care, otherwise you may damage the mucous membranes.

The concentrate in its pure form is never used, as it can cause burns to the mucous membranes and skin. It must be diluted with water for injection, or with plain boiled water (this dilution is used at home). The required concentration for each disease is determined by the attending physician.

Various compresses, applications, and vaginal tampons are made with Dimexide.

When administering the drug intravaginally, it is best to use homemade tampons; it is not recommended to use store-bought ones, since they consist of synthetic materials and are often impregnated with special substances that retain moisture. Self-production, as a rule, does not cause difficulties for patients.

All you need for this is sterile cotton wool and a bandage. The finished tampon is well impregnated with the drug of the required concentration, lightly wrung out and inserted into the vagina as deeply as possible. In addition, other medicinal drugs can be added to Dimexide, for example, painkillers or antibiotics.

Application of compresses and applications is mainly used for lesions of the external genitalia (vulva area, labia majora and minora, vaginal vestibule, perianal area). It is also advisable to use sterile cotton wool and bandages. They are well soaked in the solution or generously lubricated with gel for external use and applied to the affected area for a certain time. This method is used in the same way as tampons, twice a day.

In addition to this effect, Dimexide is also used during physiotherapy. The most commonly used procedure in gynecological practice using Dimexide is electrophoresis. With its help, the drug can penetrate through the skin into organs that need treatment. Thanks to this effect, inflammation is relieved and pain is eliminated. This is how infectious and inflammatory diseases of the fallopian tubes and ovaries are treated.

Dioxidin drops

Application for children

Indications

Contraindications of Dioxidine and its side effects

The pharmacodynamic features make the drug quite toxic and require some caution when using it (especially in patients with chronic kidney failure). The instructions for use strictly prohibit treatment with all forms of the drug for the following persons:

under the age of 18;
pregnant and lactating women;
having hypersensitivity to quinoxalines;
with a history of adrenal insufficiency.

The development of side effects is quite high, especially with intravenous and intracavitary administration. In these cases, there may be an increase in temperature accompanied by chills, headache, dyspepsia (nausea, vomiting, digestive disorders), photosensitivity and allergic reactions. If the drug is used topically, itching and periwound dermatitis are likely to occur.

Dioxidin during pregnancy

The effect of hydroxymethylquinoxylin dioxide on the body has been studied over many years of research. As a result, its mutagenic and teratogenic effects were reliably established. Women at any stage of pregnancy should not be prescribed this drug, and not only intravenously or into the body cavity. Even local use in the form of ointments, compresses or nasal drops ensures the penetration of the active substance into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes and skin.

The instructions for use indicate that Dioxidin is most often used in hospital settings. A 1% solution of the drug is usually not used for intravenous injection (due to the instability of the drug when stored at low temperatures). Use 0.1-1% solutions, for which the drug is diluted with water for injection or sodium chloride solution.

External use of Dioxidin:

When treating superficial infected purulent wounds, wipes soaked in a 0.5-1% solution of Dioxidin are applied to the wound. When treating deep wounds, they are loosely tamponed with tampons pre-moistened in a 1% solution. If there is a drainage tube, a 0.5% solution, from 20 to 100 ml, is injected into the cavity.
For the treatment of deep purulent wounds with osteomyelitis - in the form of baths with a 0.5-1% solution. Less often, special treatment of the wound is carried out by injecting the drug for 15-20 minutes, then a bandage is applied with a 1% solution of Dioxidine. If the drug is well tolerated, treatment can be carried out daily for 1.5-2 months.

For intracavitary administration, a catheter, syringe or drainage tube is used. A 1% solution of the drug is injected into the purulent cavity, the dose depends on the size of the cavity, usually 10-15 ml per day. Usually the drug is administered once a day. The maximum daily dose is 70 ml. Treatment can be continued for three weeks or more if indicated and well tolerated.

For the treatment of deep purulent wounds with osteomyelitis - in the form of baths with a 0.5-1% solution. Less often, special treatment of the wound is carried out by injecting the drug for 15-20 minutes, then a bandage is applied with a 1% solution of Dioxidine. If the drug is well tolerated, treatment can be carried out daily for 1.5-2 months;
When treating superficial infected purulent wounds, wipes soaked in a 0.5-1% solution of Dioxidin are applied to the wound. When treating deep wounds, they are loosely tamponed with tampons pre-moistened in a 1% solution. If there is a drainage tube, a 0.5% solution, from 20 to 100 ml, is injected into the cavity;
To prevent infections after operations, Dioxidin is used in the form of a 0.1-0.5% solution.

Pharmacological properties

Dioxidin is a synthetic bactericidal antimicrobial drug with a wide spectrum of effects. Used to treat purulent infectious pathologies. It is used externally, intracavitarily and intravenously. The dioxidine solution has a yellowish color, a bitter taste, and is odorless.

Dioxidin is a bactericidal drug. Selectively inhibits the formation of DNA in the cell of a microorganism without affecting the formation of RNA and protein. It provokes structural disturbances of the cell membrane and nucleotide of the microorganism, inhibits the action of bacterial nuclease and toxins. The effectiveness of the drug increases in the absence of oxygen due to stimulation of the release of reactive oxygen species. The mechanism of action of the drug remains not fully understood.

Increased activity under conditions of anaerobiosis is characteristic of all quinoxaline di-N-oxide derivatives with antibacterial properties, and was not observed in other classes of antibacterial agents. This is the fundamental difference between the pharmacokinetics of dioxidine and the pharmacokinetics of other antibacterial agents.

A study of the activity of dioxidin in animal experiments demonstrated that the drug releases virtually no metabolites. Dioxidin directly determines antibacterial activity. In the urine of the animals participating in the experiment, only one metabolic product of dioxidin was found, which did not have antibacterial properties.

The drug freely penetrates the blood-brain barrier, entering the brain. Dioxidine solution or ointment is effectively absorbed from the surface of the wound (which must be taken into account when using the medication externally). It is eliminated from the body mainly through the urinary system. After intravenous infusion, it is found in the urine for a long time. With repeated infusions, it does not accumulate in the body.

The mechanism of action of dioxidin when it enters the body on various experimental strains allows it to be classified as a chemotherapy agent.

Cross-resistance between dioxidine and other bactericidal agents was not observed. However, the possibility of development of resistance of microorganisms to the drug is not denied.

Dioxidin does not cause local irritation. When treating burns and festering wounds, the drug effectively cleanses the surface of the wound and stimulates the process of tissue repair.

“Dioxidin” is a synthetic antimicrobial drug with a wide spectrum of action. Its effectiveness is due to the ability to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and enzymes in microbial cells, which leads to their death. The bactericidal effect of the drug is also manifested in its destructive effect on the microbial walls of pathogens.

The drug has antibacterial activity against infections caused by Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, staphylococci, streptococci, pathogenic anaerobes - clostridia, opportunistic lacto- and bifidobacteria, peptostreptococci, as well as actinomycetes. When using Dioxidin, no cross-resistance was observed (resistance of microorganisms to the effects of antibiotics of the same group or similar molecular structure).

When treating purulent wounds, damage to the integrity of the skin with severe exudation (wetting surface of the wound, most often found in burns), the Dioxidine solution accelerates wound cleansing, stimulates regeneration, and has a positive effect on the further course of the process.

Well absorbed from the surface of the skin and mucous membranes when applied topically. Does not bind to blood proteins and is excreted unchanged through the kidneys in the urine. Reaches maximum concentration 2 hours after administration. When administered intravenously, it does not have a broad therapeutic effect. Does not have the ability to accumulate (accumulate) in organs and tissues.

The drug Dioxidin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, a derivative of quinoxaline. The active substance of the solution has pronounced chemotherapeutic activity against infectious processes caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, dysentery bacillus, salmonella, staphylococcus, streptococcus, gas gangrene pathogens, and Klebsiella. The drug is active even against those bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs.

With prolonged use of the solution, bacteria can develop immunity and become resistant. When administering the drug intravenously, the dose prescribed by the doctor should be strictly followed. When used externally as a means for treating wounds and purulent foci, it promotes rapid cleansing of the pathological surface from crusts and purulent contents, stimulates the processes of regeneration and epithelization of damaged tissues.

Analogues

The pharmacy chain sells Dioxikol ointment, the main active ingredient of which is dioxidin. The dioxidine content in this ointment is only 1 percent. This does not reduce the antimicrobial effect of the ointment; in addition, when applied to extensive burns or wounds, it reduces the likelihood of side effects caused by absorption of the drug.

There is an analogue of dioxidine - Quinoxidine, produced in the form of tablets for oral use only. The active component of quinoxidine is dioxidine. In essence, quinoxidine is a dosage form of dioxidine for oral use. The likelihood of side effects from the digestive tract is high.

The drug is indicated only for multidrug-resistant forms of urinary tract infection, and only in adults and with normal tolerance. Clinical practice in the treatment of urinary tract infections has shown that quinoxidine has no advantages over more modern antibacterial drugs, in particular fluoroquinolones.

How can you replace Dimexide - gallery

Drugs that are similar in their action or contain the same active ingredient:

Dioxysept;
Diquinoxide;
5-NOK;
Galenophyllipt;
Monural;
Utrotravenol;
Hexamethylenetetramine and others.

Attention: the use of analogues must be agreed with the attending physician.

Analogues of antibacterial medications include:

Dioxykol (ointment);
Dioxysept (solution for droppers and intracavitary administration);
Voskopran (ointment bandage impregnated with Dioxidin ointment);
Diquinoxide (powder for the preparation of ointment and injection solution);
Dixin (solution).

Before making any adjustments to your treatment regimen, it is recommended to consult your doctor. Thus, pharmacies offer many analogues, the cost of which is comparable to Dimexide, these are: Alor, Alsagan, Bishofite, Dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.

Darnitsa, UkrainePrice from 120 to 250 rubles.

Antibacterial liquid containing dioxidin and lidocaine. A wide spectrum of antimicrobial effects allows its use for the treatment of wounds complicated by superinfection (infection of the wound surface by several types of pathogenic agents simultaneously).

Good analgesic effect due to the presence of lidocaine
Release form in the form of a ready-made solution - no need to dilute to a certain concentration
Longer shelf life compared to Dioxidin

Limited use - used only in the treatment of wounds and burns
Frequent allergic reactions to the second component of the drug - lidocaine.

What analogues of Dioxidin can be found in pharmacies?

Dioxysept. Identical to Dioxidin in all respects: action, method of application, indications, side effects.
Dioxicol. Available in the form of an ointment. In addition to Dioxidin, it contains Trimecain, Methyluracil, and Polyethylene oxide. It is well tolerated and causes virtually no side effects.
Urotravenol. Consists of Dioxidine, Glycine and water. Supplied in sterile 10 liter containers. Used in hospitals for intracavitary administration.
Quinoxidine. Essentially, this drug is a tablet form of Dioxidin. Prescribed for multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections. It is characterized by a high frequency of side effects from the digestive system.

Before using analogues, consult your doctor.

Gatifloxacin;
Ofloxin;
Trinephron.

Before replacing a prescribed drug with its analogue, the patient should definitely consult a doctor, since not all of these drugs have the same therapeutic activity as Dioxidin solution.

Dosage

Dioxidin can only be used by adults.

Intravenously (dropper) Dioxidin is administered intravenously only under the supervision of a physician. Administration of the drug without a dropper is contraindicated. Tolerance tests should be performed before infusion. For severe sepsis, a 0.5% solution is infused, mixed with a 5% glucose solution or a 0.9% sodium salt solution to a dicosidine concentration of 0.1-0.2%. The maximum dose of the drug is 0.3 g, the maximum daily dose is 0.6 g.

Intracavitary, intrabronchial In the cavity, the drug solution is poured through a drainage, catheter or syringe - 0.01-0.05 l of a one percent solution. The maximum dose of the drug is 0.5 g, the maximum daily dose is 0.7 g.

Externally, tampons soaked in a one percent solution of the drug are fixed on the surface of the wound, cleaned of pus and dead tissue. Tampons are changed daily or every other day, depending on the condition of the damaged surface and the rate of healing. Deep wounds are treated with a 0.5% solution of the drug.

For prolonged treatment of wounds, 0.1-0.2% solutions of dioxidine are used. The maximum dose of the drug is 2.5 g. The duration of the course is no more than 20 days. The ointment is applied in a thin layer directly to the surface of the wound or burn, previously cleaned of pus and dead tissue. Tampons lubricated with ointment are inserted into the purulent cavities.

For one dressing you need up to 30 g of ointment. Bandages with ointment are replaced daily or every other day, depending on the condition of the damaged surface and the rate of healing. The maximum amount of ointment used per day is 0.1 kg. The duration of the course is determined by the severity of the disease, the effectiveness of treatment and tolerability of the drug. With normal tolerance, treatment lasts 15-25 days. If necessary, the course can be repeated after 30-45 days.

Crystals may form in dioxidine solution at temperatures below 15 degrees. Before using the solution, the crystals must be dissolved by heating it in a water bath.

With intravenous administration, headaches, chills, fever, dyspeptic disorders, muscle contractions, allergic reactions, and a photosensitizing effect (the appearance of pigmented spots on the body when exposed to sunlight) are possible.

With prolonged use of high doses of the drug, acute adrenal insufficiency (hypocorticism) may develop. In this case, the drug is immediately stopped and drug therapy using hormonal agents is carried out as quickly as possible.

It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question of how to dilute Dimexide. For each disease, each doctor has his own prescription. What is clear is that if you make tampons with Dimexide in its pure form, you can get a burn to the vaginal mucosa. Doctors usually recommend making a 10-30% solution of this remedy.

Tampons are prepared independently. It is not recommended to use store-bought ones. For production you need sterile cotton wool and a bandage. A tampon soaked in Dimexide diluted to the required proportion is inserted into the vagina quite deeply. With this method of application, the drug will act on the source of inflammation itself.

If you need to quickly relieve pain, then tampons with Novocaine and Dimexide are prescribed. In case of severe bacterial infection, antibiotics in the form of injection solutions can also act as a companion to this medicine. There are also suppositories with this medicinal substance.

Usually a course of 7-10 procedures is prescribed. In this case, tampons with Dimexide should be placed in the morning and evening. In addition to being used as tampons, it is used for physiotherapeutic procedures such as electrophoresis. Thanks to the action of a weak current, the medicine quickly and deeply penetrates the skin, reaching the site of inflammation. This is how adnexitis and salpingo-oophoritis are treated.

Overdose is characterized by increased side effects, the frequency of their occurrence increases. With prolonged use, damage to the adrenal glands is possible. In this case, the drug is discontinued, treatment is symptomatic.

Symptoms of overdose include both excessive symptoms from the list of side effects and acute insufficiency of adrenal cortex function:

To cope with the difficulty of synthesizing corticosteroids (stress hormones), therapy must be stopped.
For other manifestations of overdose, therapeutic methods are selected - symptomatic treatment.

Hormone replacement therapy is allowed - in the form of doses of glucocorticosteroids determined by the doctor (normally - up to 1 mg per kilogram of the patient’s weight).

The drug Dioxidin is usually prescribed to patients in hospital settings. The drug is used in many areas of medicine - externally and internally.

If intravenous administration is necessary, the contents of the ampoule with Dioxidin are diluted to the required concentration with sterile physiological sodium hydrochloride solution. The dose and duration of drug therapy is determined by the doctor depending on the diagnosis and severity of clinical symptoms.

With prolonged use of the solution intravenously or inside the cavity, overdose symptoms may develop, which are expressed in suppression of kidney function and disruption of the functioning of vital organs. If too large doses of the drug are accidentally administered orally, the patient should remain under the supervision of specialists with monitoring of important vital parameters. If necessary, symptomatic treatment is carried out.

If the allergic reactions described above develop, the patient is prescribed antihistamines, the dose of Dioxidine is reduced or therapy is stopped completely.

Side effects

Despite the obvious positive effect of the drug in the treatment of purulent-microbial pathologies, the high toxicity of dioxidin has determined it to be a reserve drug, especially for intravenous infusions.

The drug has a mutagenic effect (changes the structure of the cell's DNA). Mutagenicity applies to both bacteria and cells of the human body, and depends on the dosage. There is a connection between the mutagenicity of dioxidine and the effect of stimulating the formation of free radicals. Special studies have proven that medications that block free radicals and other antimutagens (eg.

As a result of experiments on animals, the main disadvantage of the drug was revealed - the damaging effect on the adrenal glands. The results of these experiments confirmed the narrow therapeutic range of dioxidine. When the drug was administered to experimental animals in an amount 10 times higher than the normal dose for humans, the development of dystrophy of the adrenal cortex was observed.

With increasing dosage or repeated infusions, complete destruction of zona fasciculata cells is possible and, as a result, a serious disruption in the production of glucocorticosteroids. The effect is directly proportional to the amount of the drug administered. Thus, in case of an overdose of the drug in humans, adverse reactions associated with a pathological change in the production of glucocorticosteroids should be expected. In this situation, it is urgent to stop dioxidine injections and receive a course of hormonal therapy.

Given the toxicity of the drug, it is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance, dysfunction of the adrenal glands, pregnancy and lactation, as well as children.

At the same time, the analysis of the tolerability of the drug in clinical practice and the frequency of side effects based on the results of the above studies are of interest.

Frequency of occurrence of the above

depended both on the dose and on individual tolerability of the drug, and was recorded on average in 8-10% of patients. If the correct dosage was observed and the drug was administered through an IV, side effects developed much less frequently or did not develop at all. Clinical practice has shown the advisability of using dioxidine in patients with intolerance (incl.

Particular attention should be paid to cramps of striated muscles. The factors and pathogenesis of the development of this symptom are still unknown, but there are versions that its development may be due to an increase in the amount of free radicals in the patient’s body, or the effect of the drug on the adrenal glands. An important advantage of dioxide is the absence of toxic effects on

and hearing organs.

In all experiments and clinical trials, dioxidin was well tolerated when applied topically.

Dioxidin is contraindicated for children. However, there are known attempts to carry out systemic therapy in children based on clinical indications, incl. in newborns and infants. In some cases, the drug was used during surgical operations in children 5-7 years old. To eliminate the mutagenic effect, the drug was used in premature and newborns simultaneously with antimutagenic agents (Metaprot) for generalized infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.

It is generally accepted that at the moment the use of dioxidine in children, especially premature and infants, as a systemic therapy drug is inappropriate. This is due to the narrow therapeutic window, high likelihood of overdose (dosage for children has not been developed) and toxic effects on the adrenal glands.

Today, there are effective and safe antimicrobial medications with a wide spectrum of action, effective in severe forms of infectious diseases and tested in pediatric practice. In particularly severe forms of infected suppurating wounds and burns, in osteomyelitis, severe forms of urinary tract infections, in cases of infection of the abdominal cavity, the use of dioxidine is possible only locally or intracavitarily. The question of prescribing dioxidine should be decided solely on the basis of a consultation, and be based on data from microbiological tests.

Dioxidin is not recommended for use in generalized infectious diseases caused by obligate microorganisms, in particular salmonella and shigella. When administered orally, it often causes pathological reactions in the digestive tract, so the dosage form of dioxidine for oral use has not received the approval of doctors.

In case of renal failure, the dosage should be reduced. The age factor must be taken into account, since people over 60 often experience decreased kidney function.

Dimexide is a painkiller for external use, but is also suitable for eliminating female diseases.

The positive effects of the drug include the following:

elimination of edema;
reducing the intensity of itching;
reduction of discharge.

The use of Dimexide may be accompanied by some side effects, which disappear after discontinuation of the drug. The drug also has a number of contraindications for use.

Dimexide is prohibited for use when:

pregnancy;
during breastfeeding;
renal or liver failure;
severe damage to the organs of vision (glaucoma, cataracts, etc.);
strokes;
pathologies accompanied by the development of comatose states;
cardiovascular diseases (including a history);
intolerance to the active and auxiliary components of the drug;
under the age of twelve and after sixty years.

Dimexide can cause some side effects that go away when it is discontinued. These include:

various allergic reactions;
dry skin;
burning sensation upon contact with the product;
contact dermatitis;
rashes on the integument of an erythematous form;
intolerance to the smell of the drug with developing nausea and vomiting;
a garlic odor may appear in the exhaled air.

Dimexide is a fairly potent drug. Therefore, it must be used strictly as prescribed by a doctor. There can be no talk of any self-medication with this substance. Before using tampons with Dimexide, you need to conduct a test to determine the body's reaction to this drug.

If redness, swelling or itching appears, you should definitely notify your doctor. He will prescribe another medicine. The following side effects may occur when using this drug:

insomnia;
dizziness;
swelling;
dermatitis;
bowel disorders;
bronchospasm;
nausea and vomiting.

This drug has a number of contraindications. These include:

cardiac ischemia;
kidney disease;
cerebrovascular accidents;
ophthalmological problems (such as glaucoma and cataracts);
pregnancy and lactation period.

Dimexide has a strong mutagenic effect, so its use by pregnant women is strictly prohibited. This drug should not be used by children under 15 years of age or the elderly. Before using the drug, be sure to consult your doctor.

Side effects are quite rare and usually appear as:

Redness on the skin, small rash
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract - vomiting, changes in stool, nausea
Headache, dizziness
Hyperemia of the skin.

Dioxidin is a synthetic bactericidal agent that is used in the treatment of purulent and infectious pathologies. Usually the drug is used externally, however, if necessary, intracavitary lavage and intravenous administration are allowed.

Dioxidin has a detrimental effect on pathogenic cells by inhibiting the formation of DNA, but does not affect the production of RNA and protein. Also, the main active ingredient destroys the microbiological structure (shell and nucleotides, which play an important role in the formation of intracellular energy).

The drug is widely used in medicine due to its effective suppression of pathogenic flora in anoxic conditions.

Dioxidin when administered intracavitarily can cause:

dyspeptic disorders;
convulsive muscle contractions;
allergic reactions;
headache;
chills;
rising temperatures;
photosensitizing effect (appearance of pigmented spots on the body when exposed to sunlight);
periwound dermatitis (for external use).

When used externally, Dioxidin can cause periwound dermatitis.

Conditions of release and storage

Store in a dark place, out of reach of children, at a temperature of 5-25 degrees.

Shelf life – 24 months.

The drug is available in pharmacies only with a doctor's prescription.

List B. Store out of the reach of children, protected from light at a temperature of 18° to 25°C. Shelf life – 2 years.

List B. Store out of the reach of children, protected from light at a temperature of 18° to 25°C. Shelf life: 2 years.

The manufacturer indicates the following shelf life of the drug:

solution - 2 years;
ointment - 3 years.

After opening, a glass container with liquid medicine can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 7 days. This restriction does not apply to ointment.

Store in original cardboard packaging, protected from light, away from children. An open ampoule can be stored for no more than a day in a cool place. If a precipitate forms, the solution must be heated in a water bath before use. Do not use after expiration date.

On average, the drug has a long shelf life (3 years), less often – 24 months. Any form (ointment, ampoules) is available only with a prescription. Storage conditions:

in a safe place, out of reach of children;
at a temperature of 18-25 degrees;
in a dry place protected from light.

The drug is sold only with a prescription from a doctor. It is recommended to store the solution in a cool, dark place out of reach of children. The expiration date is indicated on the packaging; when it expires, the medicine should be thrown away.

If the integrity of the ampoule is damaged or the solution becomes cloudy, the medicine cannot be used!

Dioxidin is available by prescription. Shelf life – 2 years. Should be stored at a temperature between 18° and 25°C. If crystals of the active substance fall out during storage of the drug, the ampoules are heated in a water bath and shaken until completely dissolved. If, as it cools to 36-38°C, crystals do not fall out, then the drug can be used.

Sincerely,

Clinical trials

Each drug needs to be evaluated based on data from experimental and clinical practice. This is especially true for antibacterial drugs, since microorganisms tend to develop protection against them. In addition, the results of long-term clinical use of certain medications (eg.

Or fluoroquinolones) indicate that rare side effects are discovered only during the widespread use of the drug after the end of clinical trials. Therefore, the data from these tests must be regularly reviewed, re-evaluated, supplemented or modified.

Clinical trials of the therapeutic effectiveness of dioxidin were carried out in 24 hospitals of various profiles. Tests were carried out on various purulent-infectious pathologies related to urological, surgical and otolaryngological practice. More than 6 thousand patients participated in the trials.

Clinical data based on test results indicate the effectiveness of dioxidin when used externally, intracavitarily, intrabronchially and intravenously. These data are given in full in print. The method of using the medication depended on the characteristics of the disease. First of all, the drug was indicated for persons with severe purulent-infectious pathologies, when the microorganism was unresponsive to other antibacterial drugs, and intravenous infusion - when standard antibiotic treatment was ineffective or inappropriate.

The use of the drug externally in the form of 0.1, 0.5 and 1% solutions was tested on 1126 patients with purulent-infectious pathologies of the urinary tract, infected wounds and burns, osteomyelitis, suppuration of the lungs, and diseases of the otolaryngological organs. The effectiveness of dioxidin was 75-91% of cases.

The greatest effectiveness was obtained in the treatment of severe burns, severe open fractures with purulent-infectious processes, and trophic non-healing ulcers. Quick disinfection and cleaning of the wound, stopping purulent processes and stimulating healing made it possible to carry out skin grafting with greater efficiency.

There was a decrease in the frequency of purulent complications and suppuration of transplanted tissue after external use of the drug. When treating festering wounds, the best effect was achieved using a 1% solution of dioxidine. With long-term regular treatment of wounds in patients suffering from osteomyelitis, the greatest effectiveness was observed when using 0.1 and 0.2% solutions.

When using 5% dioxidin ointment, significant improvements (60-79% of patients) were noted in the treatment of severe extensive purulently infected burns, festering necrotic wounds, inflammatory purulent processes, incl. in the area of the upper jaw. Also, dioxidine ointment showed high efficiency in the external treatment of infected wounds in the 1st phase of the wound process - positive results of biological and morphological tests were noted in 158 patients. Biological samples from 523 patients with extensive burns showed complete recovery.

The systemic effect of dioxidin was achieved through intravenous infusions, which were indicated for severe purulent-infectious pathologies when the use of other antimicrobial drugs was inappropriate. Intravenous infusions were practiced both as monotherapy and in combination with other antimicrobial medications.

Treatment of severe purulent-bacterial pathologies of the lungs, pleural cavity, festering wounds (including trophic non-healing ulcers) and sepsis through intravenous, intracavitary, local and intrabronchial use of dioxidin allowed to obtain a therapeutic effect in 812 patients. In 210 patients with inflammation of the pleura, the drug was infused directly into the pleural cavity (after preliminary cleansing). For accumulations of pus in the pleural cavity, dioxidin showed high effectiveness in 88% of cases.

Local therapy with the drug in 26 patients with general peritonitis allowed to obtain a therapeutic effect in 23 cases. 28 patients with acute cholecystitis and allergies to antibiotics received intracavitary (into the gallbladder) infusions of a 0.5% solution of the drug. The effectiveness of treatment was noted in 100% of patients. However, the study authors consider the use of a 1% solution to be more adequate, since this reduces the amount of fluid administered.

Intravenous infusions were performed in 134 patients with severe sepsis, incl. in combination with other antibacterial agents. Of the 76 patients in whom a high therapeutic effect of the drug was registered, 47 patients received combination therapy. Side effects recorded in 1.8% of patients during intravenous infusion (dizziness, headache, increased heart rate, nausea) did not require any measures and disappeared after cessation of therapy.

With intrabronchial infusions, a high effect was noted in 35 patients, satisfactory in 39, insignificant in 21. Intrabronchial infusion, especially in patients with asthma, should be under constant medical supervision, since bronchospasm may occur.

The All-Russian Surgery Center has also accumulated extensive experience in using the drug. Data were collected on the use of dioxidine in 1460 patients. Dioxidin was used in the prevention and treatment of purulent and inflammatory pathologies during surgical operations on internal organs, arteries, the abdominal cavity, as well as during kidney transplantation.

The indications for the use of the drug were clearly defined: infection with gram-negative bacteria, prevention of infection during coronary artery replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting when connected to a heart-lung machine. The authors of the study note that when using dioxidine, the effectiveness of treatment increased, and the percentage of purulent and inflammatory complications decreased.

In patients with purulent inflammation of the mediastinum, dialysis was successfully performed using a solution of dioxidine and nitrofural. Good tolerability was recorded. Of the 1460 patients who received dioxidin in one form or another, side effects (headache, nausea, vomiting, calf cramps) were recorded in 32 patients only with intravenous infusion of the drug: in 7 after surgery on the liver, in 6 on the stomach, in 7 – on the heart muscle, in 7 – on arteries (veins), in 5 – after a kidney transplant.

Institute of Neurosurgery named after N.N. Burdenko also has extensive experience in the use of dioxidin. Publications pay special attention to the use of the drug for infectious pathologies of the central nervous system (attention is drawn to the successful experience of endolumbar infusions). It does not provoke seizures when it enters the brain, which is important in the treatment of purulent pathologies of brain tissue.

The results of clinical practice in the treatment of infectious diseases in cancer patients indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of using dioxidine.

Attention should be paid to the successful use of the drug in urology. Positive results have been obtained with external use to prevent infection when a catheter is inserted into the bladder, and for the treatment of festering wounds during kidney surgery. Practice shows the high effectiveness of the drug for prolonged irrigation of suppurating tissues with a 0.25-1% solution for osteomyelitis, as well as for tamponing fistulous tracts with a 1% solution.

Minasyan Margarita

According to statistics, gynecological diseases occur in more than 65% of women. Pathogenic microorganisms entering the vagina cause inflammation, burning, itching, pain, and may disrupt the menstrual cycle. Often, unusual medicinal tampons are used to solve such problems. Tampons with Dimexide in gynecology are successfully used as part of complex therapy for sexually transmitted infections, since the main component has anti-inflammatory properties. The medication eliminates bacteria, viruses, fungi, relieves inflammation, and relieves pain.

Dimexide - basic information

Dimexide is a clear or light yellow liquid with a slight aroma similar to the smell of garlic. The concentrate consists of dimethyl sulfoxide. The solution is usually packaged in bottles of 50 and 100 ml.

The drug has the following properties:

Anti-inflammatory effect. Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which provoke inflammation. As a result, redness, swelling, itching, and burning disappear.
Analgesic effect. It blocks the sensitivity of nerve endings, as a result of which mild pain disappears or the severity of severe pain decreases.
Disinfecting effect. Destroys harmful microorganisms on damaged mucous membranes of the genital organs.
Thrombolytic effect. Dissolves fibrin plaque in the source of infection, accelerates the healing of damaged tissue.

If side effects occur, you should consult a gynecologist.

Indications for use

Dimexide is used in gynecology due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, moderate analgesic effect. To treat inflammatory diseases, tampons or compresses soaked in medicine are used. The decision on choosing the method of using the drug is made by the attending physician.

Tampons with dimexide are used to treat various gynecological diseases:

Erosive lesion of the cervix.
Inflammation of the vagina and vulva.
Different types of ovarian cysts (follicular, endometrioid, paraovarian, etc.).
Inflammation of the cervix.
Candidiasis.
Infectious complications after childbirth.
The rehabilitation period after genital surgery.
Restorative treatment in the presence of oncological tumors on the genital organs (complex therapy).

Tampons with Dimexide are no less effective than tablets, but not as aggressive as injections. Local treatment is used in the early stages of diseases or to prevent sexually transmitted infections. The medication is also used for chronic inflammatory diseases together with other drugs.

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Tampon making technique

How to make medicated tampons at home? You need to make a tampon yourself from sterile materials. It is not recommended to use ready-made tampons, as they are already impregnated with other substances that can cause side effects.

To make a tampon you need to stock up on cotton wool, bandage or gauze and thread. All materials must be sterile. The instruments used to make a therapeutic tampon must be sterilized or treated with medical alcohol. Hands are cleaned with antibacterial soap or sterile gloves are worn.
There are two ways to make tampons with Dimexide:

Technique for creating an oblong tampon:

Cut a piece of bandage 15 to 20 cm long.
Tightly roll a piece of cotton wool, 3 cm in diameter, so that it resembles a cylinder shape.
Secure the tampon on top with a thread treated with alcohol, wrap it in a bandage, tie the edges tightly so that a “tail” is formed that will extend beyond the vagina to easily remove the product.

A round tampon is made as follows:

A piece of cotton wool is rolled into a tight ball.
The bundle is soaked in a pre-diluted solution and lightly squeezed.
The sanitary product is wrapped in a bandage so that the edge is turned inward, and it is tightened with thread.

After getting wet, the size of the remedy increases. To avoid this, you need to wrap the cotton wool tightly with a bandage and secure it with a thread. In addition, do not forget about the “tail” of the tampon, which ensures easy removal of the bundle from the vagina. Only after checking these points can you insert a tampon.

Read in our article why and.

Dilution of the solution

How to dilute Dimexide before use? The drug should not be used in its pure form, as it will cause a burn to the inner lining of the vagina. The concentration of the solution depends on the symptoms.

To properly dilute Dimexide with water, you must observe the following proportions:

10% solution – 18 ml water/2 ml concentrate;
20% solution – 8 ml water/2 ml medicine;
25% - 6 ml of water/2 ml of drug;
30% - 14 ml/6 ml;
40% - 6 ml/4 ml;
50% - the volume of water is equal to the amount of the drug (5ml/5ml);
90% - 2 ml water/18 ml concentrate.

Dimexide for tampons is a 10% or 30% solution. For dilution, use only boiled water.

How long can the diluted solution be stored? The product is stored in a cool, dark place in a glass container under a hermetically sealed lid for up to 3 days, although doctors recommend preparing fresh medicine each time.

Important! Before determining the right proportion of the product for yourself, be sure to consult a gynecologist.

Tampons with dimexide and other drugs

The drug increases tissue permeability to other medications. For this reason, an antiseptic solution is often combined with other drugs.

With Vishnevsky ointment

Eliminate inflammation, accelerate recovery and Lidase. In addition, the drug is combined with painkillers and antibacterial solutions (for example, Novocain or Dioxidin).

Tampons with Dimexide and Vishnevsky ointment destroy pathogens, relieve inflammation, and reduce pain. A similar mixture is used for inflammation of the ovaries, erosive lesions of the cervix, cysts, thrush, etc.

With Novacoin

A hygiene product soaked in a solution of Dimexide with Novocaine is used to quickly eliminate painful sensations.

With Lidaza

Tampons with Dimexide and Lidaza are prescribed when the likelihood of adhesions increases. A hygienic bundle soaked in Dimexide with Lidaza normalizes blood circulation in the pelvis, promotes cell renewal, and restores damaged tissue.

With antibiotics

To treat inflammatory diseases of a bacterial nature, Dimexide and antibiotics in the form of a solution (for example, Gentamicin) are used.

How are tampons with dimexide used in gynecology?

How to properly insert tampons with dimexide into the vagina? The finished medicine is taken with a syringe and poured into a homemade hygiene product. After this, it can be inserted deep into the vagina, so that the free edge is on the outside.

How long should you use tampons? The hygienic product is used twice a day, each package is removed from the vagina after 10 hours. This will be the daily dose of the drug.

How many days should I use medicated tampons? The duration of the course is determined by the doctor for each woman individually. But on average, therapy lasts 10 days.

If bloody discharge appears after using a therapeutic tampon, you should immediately stop therapy and consult a doctor.

special instructions

Tampons with Dimexide are prohibited from being used in the following cases:

Hypersensitivity to dimethyl sulfate oxide.
Poor blood circulation in the brain.
Myocardial ischemia.
Impaired kidney or liver function
Ophthalmological diseases (for example, glaucoma).
Pregnant and lactating women

Can medicated tampons be used during menstruation? It is not recommended to treat with Dimexide during menstruation, as the likelihood of adverse reactions increases. The use of the medicinal product is allowed only to persons over 15 years of age. After 60 years, therapeutic tampons are used under the supervision of a doctor.

The main component may cause an allergic reaction, so before using the medication you need to conduct a sensitivity test. To do this, apply a couple of drops of the solution to the elbow. If after 30 minutes there is no reaction, then the medicine can be used according to the instructions.

Side effects

If there are contraindications or an independent increase in the dosage of the solution, negative effects are possible:

narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi, shortness of breath;
itching, swelling and burning in the posterior vaginal vault;
dizziness;
dryness, inflammation of the skin;
nausea, vomiting;
constipation or diarrhea;
sleep disorders;
increased skin pigmentation;
saliva, urine, sweat smell like garlic.

If such symptoms occur, you need to stop taking the medication and consult a gynecologist.