Last article updated: 03/31/2018
The baby’s skin is a very complex and multifunctional organ, interconnected with almost all body systems. Skin is a natural barrier that protects a person from the harmful influences of the external environment. In addition, this is a kind of bioscreen that shows any damage to the internal environments of the body. Allergic rashes in children are something that almost any parent becomes familiar with in the first year of their baby’s life. This article will outline basic information about allergic diseases in children, accompanied by the occurrence of skin rashes. Methods for treating and diagnosing allergic skin rashes will also be covered.
Allergist-immunologist
Over the past decades, the number of people suffering from allergic skin diseases has doubled. The emergence of new, atypical forms of the disease that lead to disability is very alarming. Treatment methods for skin manifestations of atopic diseases in children are constantly being improved. But, despite all the efforts of rapidly developing medicine, coping with this childhood disease is quite difficult.
Why do medications often not help? One of the reasons is the lack of basic knowledge about the characteristics of the disease among relatives of the sick person. After all, sometimes it is very difficult to understand the abundance of information from the Internet and other sources, and besides, it may be unreliable.
At the beginning of this rather difficult topic to understand, it is necessary to understand the basic scientific and medical concepts.
Allergic rashes are allergic diseases characterized by the appearance on the skin of a child of severely itchy rashes, of a permanent or recurrent nature.
Previously, concepts such as “eczema”, “diathesis”, “neurodermatitis” were often used.
Currently, allergic skin diseases include atopic dermatitis, rashes due to drug allergies, urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, and toxicoderma.
The group of toxicermas includes bullous dermatoses, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and Lyell's syndrome.
In fact, there are a huge number of clinical forms of dermatoses.
In this article we will talk about the most common diseases that appear in children.
Why does atopic rash appear in a child?
In babies under one year old, allergic skin rashes appear for many different reasons.
First of all, this is a genetic, that is, hereditary predisposition. When talking with parents, the doctor often finds out that there are relatives in the family who suffer from atopic arthritis, eczema, allergic rhinitis, or drug allergies.
If atopic manifestations of the disease are detected in both parents, the likelihood of an allergic rash in the child increases to 80%.
In addition to hereditary predisposition, the influence of environmental factors in which the child grows up plays an important role.
Risk factors for allergy symptoms in children:
- unfavorable course of pregnancy. We all know the fact that smoking, alcohol, and occupational hazards in the workplace that an expectant mother encounters while carrying a child negatively affect the baby’s health. The background for the development of atopy in children is often toxicosis of pregnancy, latent bacterial and viral intrauterine infections;
- poor nutrition of pregnant and nursing mothers. Expectant mothers often have manifestations of many forms of allergic diseases. An excessively increasing appetite while carrying a child encourages a woman to eat high-calorie and often allergenic foods - chocolate, coffee, smoked meats, spices, cakes. As a result, the fetus is exposed to a powerful attack of allergens. During the entire period of lactation, violations in the diet often provoke the appearance of disorders of the unprepared digestive system in the infant, which leads to a decrease in the absorption of food and the development of allergies in the infant;
- unjustified transfer to feeding with milk formulas. For various reasons, the baby is transferred to formula milk. This may be either the mother’s reluctance to breastfeed or the baby’s health condition.
All formulas are only an adapted version of mother's milk. Most often, an unreasonably early transition to artificial feeding creates food hypersensitivity to cow's milk proteins;
In children under one year old, food allergens come to the fore - cow's milk proteins, cereals, eggs.
In children after two years of age The appearance of a rash can be caused by:- epidermal and household allergens (house dust mites);
- animal allergens (epithelium, fur, secretions);
- pollen of wind-pollinated plants;
- fungi;
- Staphylococcus allergens.
Examination of a small patient with symptoms of an allergic rash
What can an allergist offer you if you suspect an atopic rash in a child? First of all, this is skin testing with allergens. But in case of a pronounced skin process and exacerbation of the disease, it would be advisable to perform a blood test for antibodies to causally significant allergens - specific immunoglobulins E.
The Internet contains a huge number of photographs of various rashes in children with allergies. If you know the main types of morphological elements in various atopic rashes, you can easily suspect an allergic process.
With atopic dermatitis, before the age of 2, the rash takes on the character of bubbles with liquid and is often accompanied by weeping. Subsequently, a crust forms. The rash spreads over the entire surface of the body.
In some cases, the baby's skin becomes rough with the formation of cracks.
After 2 years of age, the rash moves to the folds, behind the ears, and on the flexor surfaces of the hands. The child is bothered by severe itching. The skin in the area of the rash becomes lumpy and uneven. From the age of 10, the elements of the rash take on the character of nodules. The area around the mouth and eyes is involved. The skin is dry, scratchy.
Features of rashes with urticaria
With urticaria, the rash looks like blisters surrounded by an area of redness. Most often they are accompanied by severe itching and burning.
Allergic dermatitis
The rash is bright and itchy. The largest number of them is located at the site of exposure to the allergen. More often you can observe the presence of bubbles.
Toxidermy
The nature of the rash is characterized by a variety of elements - blisters, papules, vesicles, spots, redness of the skin. But the manifestations are often fixed.
Basic methods of treating allergic rashes in children
Before treating skin manifestations of allergies, it is simply necessary to eliminate the child’s interaction with possible allergens around him.
So first Eliminate household respiratory allergens:
- If you are sensitized (allergic) to various household allergens, it is forbidden to place upholstered furniture, carpets, or heavy curtains in the baby’s bedroom.
- It would be better if the floors were wooden or covered with laminate. Furniture should be easy to clean; curtains should be in the form of blinds.
- Items stored in closets must be packed in plastic boxes and vacuum bags.
- Wet cleaning is done daily. It is better to use washing vacuum cleaners.
- Pillows should only be made of synthetic anti-allergic materials. Pillows and bed linen must be washed every week at temperatures above 60 ºC.
- Mattresses must be packed in zippered covers.
- It is better to replace soft toys with plastic or wooden ones.
- The presence of animals in the house is unacceptable.
- It is better to remove indoor plants because they are dust collectors and fungi can live on them.
- Shelves must be glazed.
- It is prohibited to use air fresheners, chlorine-containing household chemicals, and deodorants.
- It is better to install an air conditioner and an air purification device. This will reduce the allergen content in the air.
- Optimal air humidity is recommended within 35 - 50%.
Eliminating pet allergens
Any animal can cause allergies. Therefore, it is better to refuse them. After parting with your pets, you need to do some general cleaning.
Even after removing the animal from the apartment, allergens persist for up to six months.
What to do if your child has a food allergy?
Parents should take into account the so-called obligate food allergens, that is, the foods that most often provoke the appearance of a rash in an allergic person. These are dairy and fermented milk products, wheat, coffee, spices, and smoked meats.
What medications are used to treat allergic rashes in children. Features of therapy
Help eliminate itching, swelling, and redness at the site of rashes.
Modern effective drugs include drugs such as desloratadine (Erius), ceterizine (Zyrtec), loratadine (Claritin). The drugs have an effect for 24 hours and are prescribed once a day.
Membrane stabilizing agents
Prevents the development of an immune reaction. The effect is noticeable after 10 days from the start of use. The drugs are excellent at relieving inflammation. Such medications include montelukast (Singulair).
Corticosteroid ointments. Modern ones are good at eliminating weeping, burning, discomfort and redness in the affected area.
In pediatric practice, Lokoid, Elokom, and Advantan are more often used. Ointments are prescribed in a short course for 5 - 7 days.
Pay attention to the drug prescription form. When the process is acute, emulsions, lotions, and aerosols are used. For sluggish flow - lipocrem, ointment, fatty ointment.
External therapy options:
- Step therapy. Glucocorticosteroid drugs are applied to different affected areas.
- Tandem therapy. Combined use of hormonal creams and skin care products.
- Descending therapy. We start with strong drugs (Elocom) and end with weak ones (hydrocortisone ointment).
Key questions for parents:
- Is there an alternative to hormonal ointments? The answer to this question is yes. Calcineurin inhibitors have been used for two decades. A representative of this class of drugs is Protopic, used in children from 2 years of age. The drug is famous for the fact that it does not have systemic side effects and can be used in the remission phase 2 times a week for a long time.
- How to care for your skin? The skin must be moisturized using medicinal cosmetics.
Hygiene and skin care products with a softening effect are called emollients.
Various infectious lesions often lead to similar problems. In order to avoid possible complications, you should consult a doctor. The location of the rash may vary. Any part of the body can fall into the zone of active rashes.
1.Rash in a child in the form of red dots most often provoked by allergic reactions. First of all, this is the diet, as well as clothing that fits the body. Often the rash is expressed by dotted oval or round spots. Its elevation above other parts of the body is not observed. The rash is only noticeable because of its color. The appearance of characteristic points occurs due to strong blood filling; they sometimes have edges and edges, and they can also be solid. The problem is divided into two main types:
- roseola - the specificity of this species is considered to be small in size from 3-30 mm;
- erythema - this subspecies is distinguished by its significant size, which starts from 3 cm.
They are most often located in the chest area and have a characteristic bright scarlet color.
2. Pimple-like rash- this is the main reaction to various internal or external environmental factors. They arise due to allergies, as well as infectious diseases. This problem has different types and forms. It can be represented by pustules that rise above the skin level and create a rounded void. Their sizes are quite large, about 1-1.5 mm in height. The main cause is considered to be an allergic reaction, accompanied by redness and itching. A similar rash in a child can also be associated with a hereditary factor. This disease is often transmitted from mother to child. Stress also often provokes a similar skin reaction.
Dermatologists divide pathology into 4 categories:
- Dry rashes- the formation of such redness occurs in the winter season, most often they are formed due to compaction of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Treatment is carried out with cosmetics that remove dead particles and moisturize the skin.
- Watery - their appearance can be caused by various reasons (consumption of poor-quality nutrition, diathesis, use of bad cosmetics - creams, shampoos, foams, soaps). They are accompanied by severe itching. They are often symptoms of chickenpox, rubella, measles, scabies and dyshidrosis.
- Ulcers - a similar rash in the form of acne in a child may initially look like small red dots, but after a few days changes begin to form. Regular spots fill with pus. This problem is often caused by streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. You need to undergo a clinical blood and urine test, and then consult a doctor. It is necessary to give up sweets so as not to create an active environment for the proliferation of pathogens.
- Subcutaneous pimples - they arise due to blockage of the ducts with plugs that form from the sebaceous glands. Most often, this phenomenon goes away on its own, but if there are no changes, then it is still worth contacting a specialist.
3. Blistering rash- its manifestation can lead to a number of serious diseases.
- Pemphigus - it can be fatal. Damage to the immune system begins to occur when the body fights healthy and strong cells.
- Dermatitis herpetiformis is considered an autoimmune disease. This disease manifests itself in the form of blisters and blisters on the skin.
Similar types of infectious rashes in children can take two forms: they occupy about 50% of the child’s body or form on different parts of it. Often appear in a separate area and form only small itchy, round redness. Often occur due to systemic, skin or infectious diseases, as well as allergic reactions. After healing, the bubble will disappear and leave no traces. To begin therapy, it is necessary to identify the underlying cause and stage of the disease; for this, you must go to see a doctor.
4. Rash in the form of spots- represented by small redness of various colors. The color will depend on the pigment of the skin. If melanin is present, then, accordingly, the spots will be darker.
This type of skin rash in children is characteristic of such ailments as rubella, measles, scarlet fever, various diseases and skin tumors. The formation can be caused by various pathogens. This type of rash tends to merge into large spots. The lesion often worsens in the chest area. It should also be noted that pimples can appear due to contact, food and drug allergies.
Photos of the main elements of the rash
There are the following types of rashes in a child:
Characteristic location
Different types of skin rashes in children have their own locations. The rash can be located on almost any part of the body, causing itching, irritation and even severe pain.
- a rash forms on the elbow and arms, wrists, forearms;
- can form on the legs, more often on the inside, the main reason for this is an allergic reaction to food, but more serious cases also occur;
- the rash affects the face, and the cheeks are considered the focal point;
- The torso also undergoes this process; often rashes form in the chest area, and also in the scapular area.
Causes
The types of rash can be different, and the factor behind their appearance can be the same or different, so you need to determine why it occurred. For a child’s body, such a phenomenon is considered normal, since it is a reaction to external factors. There are main reasons why various rashes may appear:
1. Allergic reaction is the most common factor and is most often caused by food, pollen, pet dander, cosmetics, clothing, medications and insect bites. It is necessary to treat types of allergic rashes in children under the supervision of a doctor, since an uncontrolled reaction can develop into Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.
2. Severe stress- there are cases when the baby becomes covered with significant spots due to intense experiences. After time, they disappear on their own.
3. Insect bites- Even if a child does not have any type of allergy, a mosquito bite can leave unpleasant spots that are very itchy. Parents need time to notice the wound and treat it correctly. This type of rash goes away on its own after some time. If uncharacteristic large spots are noticed on the baby after a bite, it means that there is an allergic reaction.
4. Mechanical damage- various types of rashes in a child without fever can form due to tight and tight clothing, and they go away on their own after a certain time.
5. Infectious diseases- small spots on the body may indicate infection with rubella, chickenpox, scarlet fever, measles and even meningitis.
6. Bleeding disorder- the baby's skin begins to become covered with small bruises and bruises.
7. Allergy to sun or cold- it is recommended to consider this category separately, since the mechanism of such a reaction differs significantly from the standard reaction to cats or citrus fruits. This ailment can be attributed to seasonal problems.
When to call a doctor
Sometimes there may be little time to determine the type of rash in children, since the child may have a high fever, so you need to call a doctor immediately. In addition, the main danger factors include severe shortness of breath, swelling of the tongue and face, incredible headache, drowsiness, loss of consciousness and vomiting. If the rash turns brown, maroon or black in color, its elements are located deep in the skin and do not turn pale when pressed, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Viral infections
Photos of the types of rashes in children that are caused by viruses are different, and they can be considered further. Such pathologies include the following diseases.
1. Measles- it causes a small rash, initially crimson-red in the mouth, and then throughout the body. A phenomenon often observed is the merging of elements that create irregularly shaped foci of influence. She experiences a high fever. Very rarely, but still the disease can be quite severe and lead to death. In the absence of vaccination, measles is very easily transmitted from person to person.
2. Rubella manifests itself as pink-red small spotty rashes that initially form on the head and then spread throughout the baby’s body. There may be complaints of sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, nasal congestion, fever and chills.
3. Chickenpox- spreads, as a rule, from top to bottom, initially on the scalp, and then observed on the chest, back and other areas. It appears as bright red small spots, which later degenerate into bubbles, and then burst and gradually dry out, forming crusts. If the case is advanced and severe, scars may remain. Accompanied by slight itching.
4. Herpes- manifests itself in the form of grouped blistering rashes inside the mouth or on the lips, which linger for several weeks. It also happens that this virus penetrates the nuclei of nerve cells, and the rash becomes chronic.
5. Infectious mononucleosis - is expressed in the form of densely located light red or pink spots with a diameter of 6-15 mm, with this disease they most often become painful. And then the occipital and cervical lymph nodes also enlarge. A sore throat almost always occurs; sometimes severe weakness, migraine, cough and fatigue begin to bother you.
6. Enteroviruses- appear as bubbles and are distributed throughout the body.
7. Roseola- these are pink spots that do not begin to appear immediately, but after the temperature has normalized. This usually occurs on days 4-5. Children aged 6 months to 3 years are most often affected.
Bacterial infections
Photos of the types of rashes in children who have a similar infection are presented below.
1. Scarlet fever- manifests itself in the form of minor millet-like rashes, with increased coloring in the folds of the skin. Everything is accompanied by slight itching, and as the rash subsides, plastic peeling forms. The disease is characterized by a pronounced change in the pharynx, a crimson-red tongue and acute pain in the throat.
2. Meningococcal infection- quite quickly forms small “blots” of red and blue color that resemble stars. There is always a high temperature.
3. Fungal infections of the epidermis(trichophytosis, ringworm, dermatomycosis). A clear sign of its presence is a ring-shaped formation that itches. Dandruff begins to form on the hair, and patchy baldness is possible.
4. Streptoderma- at the moment of illness, large blisters begin to appear, containing purulent contents, often with a yellowish-brown dry crust.
Allergic reactions
There are various types of rashes in children on the hands and throughout the body, which are provoked by poor diet, natural ingredients or things, such diseases include the following ailments.
1. Hives- similar in appearance to nettle burns, manifests itself as protruding bright red or pale pink blisters that suddenly appear and also subside. They present with severe itching and may experience extensive swelling.
2.Atopic dermatitis(diathesis, childhood eczema, neurodermatitis) - this type of rash appears in children on the elbows, neck, face, and also occurs on the legs, under the knees. The epidermis turns red and begins to peel, and sometimes weeping crusts are observed.
Other reasons
Very often, various rashes indicate problems in the functioning of internal organs. This:
- vascular ailments;
- changes in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
- renal failure.
Infant acne- the problem occurs in the first year of life in breastfed babies. It is a consequence of the activity of the sebaceous glands, and the cause is an increase in the level of maternal hormones.
Milia (whiteheads) - look like tiny “pearls” and form more often in infants. They pass by themselves, as they are of a physiological nature.
Erythema toxicum of the newborn- these are yellow blisters that can appear 2-5 days after birth. Typically, no action needs to be taken.
Scabies- expressed by pairs of dots, most often in the interdigital areas. There is severe itching, the source is mites that infect the skin.
Types of rashes in children under one year of age
In small children who are wrapped tightly or improperly bathed, heat rash can often be found. It appears as a scattering of small, non-itchy, red blisters that are concentrated in the natural folds of the skin.
Against the background of a tendency to allergies and immunodeficiency, diaper rash is formed, which is an area with a bright red, moist and swollen surface. Often located in the folds of the neck, buttocks and groin.
Often diaper rash turns into gluteal erythema - this is a concentration of bright red erosions and nodules.
Often, children's rash occurs due to an allergic factor; such ailments include urticaria and various dermatitis.
Toxic erythema, which forms in the first year of a child’s life, is considered completely harmless. This is a mixed rash consisting of papules and blisters. The rash will go away on its own within a few weeks.
Pemphigus of a newborn is a rather dangerous disease caused by staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or streptococci. After slight redness, bubbles with cloudy content begin to appear, which burst and form erosions. Often found on the thighs and around the navel.
Among the infectious diseases that cause a rash, one can distinguish congenital syphilis, the main symptom of which is considered to be syphilitic pemphigus. In this case, the rashes are presented in the form of dense blisters filled with a clear liquid, which becomes cloudy over time. Inflammations are very often present on the torso, face and almost always on the palms and soles.
Urgent Care
It is already known what types of rashes children have, now you need to figure out what to do to help your baby.
When, in addition to redness, the following symptoms are present, you should immediately call a doctor:
- significant and sudden increase in temperature;
- the child has difficulty breathing;
- there is a hemorrhagic stellate rash;
- rashes cover the entire body and cause significant itching;
- loss of consciousness and vomiting begins.
Prevention
In order to protect your baby from infection, you need to vaccinate him on time. To avoid an allergic reaction, you need to introduce complementary foods correctly and not rush into new products. It is necessary to accustom your child to a healthy diet and harden it. This will help set up children's immunity in the right way and the child will not have such problems.
If a rash is noticed on your body, do not panic and call the doctor immediately. It is necessary to figure out whether the case is really critical or whether it is just a reaction caused by eating a chocolate bar or an insect bite. For bathing, it is better to use herbal decoctions, and buy clothes made of cotton fabric. Dyes also often cause reactions on the body.
When an epidemic of rubella or chickenpox begins in a kindergarten, it is recommended to leave the baby at home, since the disease spreads very quickly from contaminated sources.
In summer, it is necessary to ventilate the room, and then use a fumigator.
Children should not be allowed to squeeze pimples or pop them. This often provokes the spread of infection.
Every parent is required to know the types of rashes and the causes of rashes in children in order to provide timely help to the child.
If your baby has a fever, you should definitely call a doctor.
- Rash
- On the face
- On the body
- On the stomach
- On the back
- On the neck
- On the buttocks
- On foot
Parents always perceive the appearance of a rash on a child’s skin with alarm, because everyone knows that the condition of the skin reflects the condition of the entire organism. Is a child's rash always a cause for concern? We will tell you in this article how to understand what is happening to the child and how to help him.
Features of children's skin
Children's skin is different from adult skin. Babies are born with very thin skin - the dermis of newborns is approximately two times thinner than the middle skin layer of adults. The outer layer, the epidermis, thickens gradually as the baby grows older.
In the first month of life, the skin may be red or purple. This is due to the fact that the blood vessels in babies are located close to the surface, and there is not enough subcutaneous tissue, which is why the skin may look “transparent”. This is especially noticeable when the newborn is cold - a marbled vascular network appears on the skin.
The skin of babies loses moisture faster, it is more vulnerable to bacteria, viruses, fungi and mechanical stress. It begins to thicken only at 2-3 years and this process lasts up to 7 years. The skin of younger schoolchildren is already beginning to resemble the skin of adults in its characteristics and functionality. But after 10 years, children's skin faces a new test - this time, puberty.
It is not surprising that thin children’s skin reacts to any external influence or internal processes with rashes of various sizes, colors and structures. And not every childhood rash can be considered harmless.
It is important to understand that there is no causeless rash in children; any pimple or change in pigmentation has a reason, sometimes pathological.
What is a rash?
In medicine, a rash is considered to be a variety of rashes on the skin that in one way or another change the appearance of the skin in color or texture. For parents, all rashes are approximately the same, but doctors always distinguish between primary rashes, which formed first, and secondary ones, those that formed later, at the site of the primary ones or nearby.
Different childhood diseases are characterized by different combinations of primary and secondary elements.
hormonal.
Causes
The reasons that cause the development of skin rashes can be varied. A lot depends on the age and general condition of the child.
In newborns and children up to one year old
In newborns and babies in the first year of life, the rash is quite often physiological, which should not cause any particular concern on the part of adults. The baby’s skin adapts to its new habitat – waterless, and this process is often difficult for the baby. Therefore, any adverse effect can cause rashes all over the body.
The most common rash at this age is acne hormonal, in which white or yellow pimples may appear on the face and neck. This phenomenon is caused by the maternal hormones estrogen, which the child received in the last months of the mother’s pregnancy. Gradually, their influence on the body decreases, hormones leave the child’s body. By six months, not a trace of such pimples remains.
Breasts react very often allergic rash on unsuitable food products, substances, medicines and even household chemicals that mother uses to wash linen and bedding, wash floors and dishes.
Another common cause of rashes in infancy is diaper rash and prickly heat. A rash on the body, head, arms and legs at an early age appears due to infectious diseases, as well as due to violations of hygiene rules.
Too dry air in the room where the baby lives, heat, excessive diligent washing of the skin with soap and other detergents provoke drying of the skin, which only contributes to the development of various types of rashes.
Slight dryness of the skin in the first 3-4 weeks after birth is a variant of the physiological norm.
From birth, a baby’s skin is covered with a lipid “mantle,” the so-called fatty protective layer. The “mantle” is gradually washed off and washed away. With proper care, this temporary natural dryness is easily compensated by the child's body - the sebaceous glands gradually begin to produce the required amount of protective lubricant.
In children over 1 year of age
There are not many physiological reasons for the appearance of a rash after a year. In rare cases, hormonal imbalances caused by exposure to maternal sex hormones persist. All other cases mostly have pathological causes. In preschool age, the incidence of viral infections, which are characterized by a rash, increases in children. These are chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever and other childhood diseases.
In a one-year-old child, who has not yet started attending kindergarten and organized children's groups, the risks of contracting herpes or other viral infections are lower than in children aged 3 to 7 years. Local immunity at this age begins to work better than in infants, for this reason many bacterial skin ailments can be successfully avoided.
Up to 3 years the impact of allergens on the child’s body is still strong, and therefore the appearance of a rash on different parts of the body - on the face, head, stomach, elbows and even on the eyelids and ears - is a fairly common occurrence after eating a product containing an allergen, one or another medicinal product, contact with pollen, animal hair, household chemicals.
And here acne in preschool age is rare. And even if it does occur, then we are most likely talking about metabolic disorders, lack of vitamins, minerals, and diseases of the internal secretion organs.
For children over 10 years old
After 10 years, children have only one type of physiological rash - teenage acne. Under the influence of sex hormones, which begin to be produced in the bodies of girls and boys, the sebaceous glands are activated.
Excessive production of sebum leads to blockage of the gland ducts and the gland itself and the hair follicle become inflamed.
The immunity of children is already sufficiently developed, preventive vaccinations have not left their mark on the body, and therefore the risk of contracting “childhood diseases” in adolescence is much lower. Many children have already had them before.
A rash in 15-16 year old teenagers can also be a symptom of a sexually transmitted disease, since quite a lot of boys and girls at this age begin to be sexually active. Rashes on the skin of the face and upper body can also be a consequence of taking steroids, with the help of which boys, and sometimes girls, try to create a “beautiful, sculpted” body during fitness classes.
Allergic rashes in adolescence are not as common as in younger children. Usually, if a teenager is allergic, the parents know about it and the appearance of rashes will not surprise or frighten them at all, since they already have a good idea of how to deal with it.
At any age, the cause of a rash can be metabolic disorders, lack of vitamins A, E, C, PP, as well as dysbacteriosis, disruption of the stomach, intestines, and kidneys.
Diagnostics and self-diagnosis
A pediatrician, allergist, gastroenterologist and infectious disease specialist can understand the causes of the rash.
For diagnosis, standard methods are used - blood, urine, and stool tests. Quite often, skin scrapings and samples of the contents of vesicles and pustules are taken for analysis. This makes it possible to establish not only an accurate diagnosis, but also the type and type of pathogen, if we are talking about an infection, as well as what drugs the pathogens are sensitive to.
Self-diagnosis includes a set of simple actions to assess the situation.
Parents should undress the child, examine the skin, note the nature of the rash (vesicles, pustules, papules, etc.), its extent. After which you should measure the child’s body temperature, examine the throat and tonsils, note other symptoms, if any, and decide to call a doctor.
Small red
On the body
A small rash without suppuration on the stomach, back, buttocks can be a clear and characteristic symptom of allergy. In children under one year old, a small red rash under the armpits, on the shoulders, on the buttocks and in the perineum may also indicate the presence of prickly heat or diaper rash.
If red skin rashes cover a large area of the body, you should think about erythema toxicum.
It is important to remember and analyze what preceded the appearance of bodily rashes.
If the child felt sick, vomited, or had diarrhea, then we can talk about gastrointestinal pathologies; if the rash appeared after a fever and it is red-pink, then it is probably a herpes virus that causes childhood exanthema.
In most cases, the appearance of a small red rash on the body is a sign of an infectious disease, such as rubella.
On the face
Such a rash on the face may indicate an allergic reaction to food, medicine or cosmetics. The rashes themselves in case of allergies do not have purulent cavities or blisters.
Most often, in young children, an allergic rash is localized on the chin, cheeks and behind the ears, and in older children - on the forehead, eyebrows, neck, and nose. Rarely do allergic rashes affect only the face; usually the rash is found on other parts of the body.
A red rash appears on the face due to some viral diseases. If the child has not eaten anything suspicious or new, has not taken medications, and has led a normal lifestyle, then if there is a rash on the face, you must take the temperature and call a doctor. The temperature usually rises, and the doctor diagnoses chickenpox, measles, or another infection.
In this case, the child exhibits signs of ARVI - malaise, headache, runny nose, cough.
On arms and legs
In children of the first year of life, a reddish small rash on the extremities can be a sign of an allergy (like urticaria), as well as a consequence of overheating and violation of hygiene rules - diaper rash.
The rash is usually located in the folds of the skin - under the knees, on the inside of the elbow, in the groin area.
A red rash of various sizes and types can affect the arms and legs of a child due to viral and bacterial infections, scarlet fever, and leukemia. With measles, the rash appears on the palms and soles of the feet. The appearance of red rashes on the limbs is always a reason to call a doctor at home.
On the head
The scalp usually becomes covered with a red rash due to allergic reactions, including to hair care products and soap. In children, the most likely cause of the rash is different - prickly heat. Since babies use their scalp to regulate thermoregulation, it is the scalp that reacts to overheating and sweating. This symptom may also indicate a viral infection.
Colorless
It can be difficult for parents to notice a colorless rash, but this is a fixable matter, since any colorless rash will sooner or later manifest itself more clearly. Most often, a rash without a distinct color signals the starting stage of an allergy.
On the body. An almost imperceptible rash without a specific color or very pale that appears on the body can cause a feeling of rough “goose bumps” when touched. It looks like goosebumps that “run” across the skin when scared or chilled. The rashes are located close to each other and sometimes are massive. There is an assumption that such a rash is a consequence of hormonal “bursts”.
On the head. A rough, colorless rash usually appears on the face and head due to lactose deficiency. This is usually accompanied by intestinal disorders; the child often has foamy, greenish, liquid stools with an unpleasant odor.
Watery
A watery rash can be a clear symptom of a herpes infection, as well as impetigo, streptococcal angulitis, and even sunburn.
On the body. If fluid-filled blisters appear on the sides and limbs, there is a chance that the child has bullous impetigo. Long exposure to the sun will also cause blistering skin lesions in children, but the skin will appear red and somewhat swollen. Blisters may appear on the stomach and back with chickenpox.
Often blisters on the body occur as a result of an allergic reaction, as well as insect bites.
- On the face. Watery rashes on the face manifest themselves as herpes diseases. In the nasolabial triangle, around the lips, and in the nose, the herpes simplex virus appears. Streptoderma and erysipelas can manifest themselves in a similar way.
Infectious bacterial
A pustular rash caused by pathogenic bacteria is treated with antibiotics and antiseptics. Moreover, antibiotics are selected after a culture test, when the doctor has clear information about which bacteria caused the suppuration and to which antibacterial agents they demonstrate sensitivity.
Usually children are prescribed penicillins, less often cephalosporins. For mild infections, local treatment with ointments that have an antimicrobial effect is sufficient - Levomekol, Baneocin, erythromycin ointment, gentamicin ointment, tetracycline ointment.
In some cases, for widespread and severe infection or an infection that risks spreading to internal organs, it is prescribed antibiotics orally - for children in the form of a suspension, for preschoolers and adolescents - in tablets or injections.
Preference is given to broad-spectrum drugs, usually of the penicillin group - “Amoxiclav”, “Amosin”, “Amoxicillin”, “Flemoxin Solutab”. If drugs in this group are ineffective, cephalosporin antibiotics or macrolides may be prescribed.
As antiseptics Well-known aniline dyes are often used - a solution of brilliant green (brilliant green) for staphylococcal infections or "Fukortsin" for streptococcus. Damaged skin is treated with salicylic alcohol.
Along with antibiotics, if they are prescribed orally, the child is recommended to take drugs that will help avoid the occurrence of dysbacteriosis - “Bifiborm”, “Bifidumbacterin”. It is also useful to start taking vitamin complexes appropriate for the child’s age.
Some purulent rashes, such as boils and carbuncles, may require surgical intervention, during which the formation is incised crosswise under local anesthesia, the cavity is cleaned out and treated with antiseptics and antibiotics. There is no need to be afraid of such a mini-operation.
The consequences of refusing it can be very dire, because staphylococcal infection can lead to sepsis and death.
Heat rash and diaper rash
If a baby develops prickly heat, this is a signal for parents to change the conditions in which the child lives. The temperature should be at 20-21 degrees Celsius. The heat only makes the prickly heat worse. Irritation from sweat, although it gives the child a lot of excruciating sensations and pain, can be treated fairly quickly.
The main cure for this is cleanliness and fresh air. The child should be washed with warm water without soap or other detergents. Several times a day you need to give your baby naked air baths. You should not wrap your child up, but if he does get sweaty, for example, while walking outside in a warm overall in winter, then immediately upon returning home, bathe the child in the shower and change into clean and dry clothes.
For severe diaper rash, damaged skin is treated 2-3 times a day. Most carefully and thoroughly - after daily evening bathing. After it, Bepanten, Desitin, and Sudocrem are applied to still damp skin with signs of prickly heat. Use the powder with great care, since talc dries out the skin very much.
Baby cream or any other greasy creams or ointments should not be applied to the skin of a child with heat rash, as they moisturize and do not dry out. You should also avoid getting massage oil on diaper rash during evening restorative procedures.
Allergic
If the rash is allergic, treatment will involve finding and eliminating the child's exposure to the allergenic substance that caused the rash. To do this, the allegologist performs a series of special tests using test strips with allergens. If it is possible to find the protein that caused the rash, the doctor gives recommendations on eliminating everything that contains such a substance.
If the antigen protein cannot be found (and this happens often), then parents will have to try and exclude from the child’s life everything that poses a potential threat - pollen, food (nuts, whole milk, chicken eggs, red berries and fruits, some types of fresh herbs and even some types of fish, plenty of sweets).
You will have to be especially careful when using baby skin care products.
Usually, eliminating the allergen is more than enough for the allergy to stop and the rash to disappear without a trace. If this does not happen, or in case of severe allergies, the doctor prescribes antihistamines (“Tavegil”, “Cetrin”, “Suprastin”, “Loratadine” and others).
It is advisable to take them simultaneously calcium supplements and vitamins. Locally, if necessary, the child is given hormonal ointments - Advantan, for example. Severe forms of allergies, in which, in addition to a skin rash, there are pronounced respiratory manifestations, as well as internal pathologies, the child is treated as an inpatient.
Fungal infections
Fungal infections are very contagious, so the child must be isolated. The children are treated as inpatients. Older children will be admitted to the infectious diseases hospital in case of moderate to severe illness. Prescribed as local treatment antifungal ointments- “Lamisil”, “Clotrimazole”, “Fluconazole” and others.
In case of extensive damage, when colonies of fungi have “settled” not only on the limbs, wrist, legs or neck, but also on the back of the head in the scalp, the child is prescribed in addition to ointments antifungal agents in tablets or injections.
At the same time, doctors recommend taking immunomodulators, as well as antihistamines, since waste products of fungal colonies quite often cause an allergic reaction. Treatment for fungi is the longest, after the first course, which lasts from 10 to 14 days, a second, “control” course is required, which must be carried out after a short break.
At home, all clothes and bedding of a sick child must be thoroughly washed and ironed. He himself cannot be bathed during treatment.
The time has passed when the treatment of such diseases was quite painful. There is no need to sprinkle lice dust on your head or smear your skin with kerosene.
Most children's lice and nit treatments only require one application. The most effective in pediatric practice are products based on permethrin.
It is important to follow safety precautions during treatment. Almost all products are toxic; they should not be allowed to get into the baby’s eyes and ears, mouth or mucous membranes.
Worm infestations
The doctor decides what exactly to treat for giardiasis, roundworms or pinworms. Not all drugs that are effective in adolescence are suitable for treating children and primary schoolchildren. The most commonly prescribed drugs are Pyrantel, Albendazole, Levamisole and Piperazine.
Acne in teenagers
It is impossible to cure teenage acne, but you can alleviate its symptoms. To do this, parents must explain to their teenage child that pimples cannot be squeezed out and that treating them with alcohol or lotions is also undesirable.
Pubertal acne is treated comprehensively by changing the child’s diet, excluding fatty, fried, smoked and pickled foods, and fast food. Skin affected by acne is lubricated twice a day with salicylic alcohol and one of the modern products in the form of a cream or ointment.
Zinc ointment and “Zinerit” are very effective. If acne is complicated by a purulent bacterial infection, antibiotic ointments are used - chloramphenicol, erythromycin.
Baby cream and other fatty creams should never be used on skin with acne.
Other effective drugs for teenage rashes on the face, back and chest are Baziron AS, Adapalene, Skinoren. In some cases, the doctor may recommend hormonal ointments - Advantan, Triderm. This is true for deep and very severe rashes.
At the same time, vitamins A and E are prescribed in an oil solution or as part of vitamin-mineral complexes. Treatment of pubertal acne takes a very long time. If you follow all the dermatologist's recommendations, it sometimes takes from 2 to 6 months to achieve the effect.
Neonatal hormonal rash
Newborn acne or three-week rash does not require treatment. All skin rashes will disappear after the baby’s hormonal levels return to normal. This usually takes about a month or two. It is useful to wash the child with a decoction of chamomile, apply baby cream to pimples on the face and neck, and sprinkle them with powder. Trying to squeeze or burn with alcohol is strictly prohibited.
Prevention
Since a child’s skin needs special care and protection, proper hygiene and an understanding of the approach to treating dermatological ailments in children will be an excellent prevention of the appearance of pathological rashes.
A home microclimate that is favorable for skin health will help you avoid 90% of skin problems. The air temperature should be no higher than 21 degrees Celsius, and the air humidity should be 50-70%. Such conditions will not allow the child’s skin to dry out or crack, which means there will be fewer prerequisites for the development of severe bacterial infections. It is especially important to follow this rule if there is a small child in the house.
All preventive vaccinations required by the child’s age should be completed in a timely manner. This will help protect him from dangerous infectious diseases - measles, diphtheria and a number of others. Vaccination is not a guarantee that the child will not get this infection at all, but it does guarantee that if the child does get sick, the illness will be easier and with fewer health consequences.
- When going to the sea, it is important to ensure that your child's skin is protected. To do this, you need to buy a sunscreen that is appropriate for your age and skin type. And in order to protect your baby from rotavirus, it makes sense to get a vaccination at a paid clinic, which is not included in the list of mandatory ones - a vaccination against rotavirus infection.
Proper hygiene– the key to healthy children’s skin at any age. It is a mistake to wash your baby rarely, but it is equally a mistake to wash him too often. You should use soap for infants no more than once every 4-5 days; it is better not to use shampoos at all for up to a year.
It is important to choose care products for your child that are created specifically for children and are hypoallergenic. Antibacterial soap kills not only pathogenic bacteria, but also beneficial ones, and therefore its use without the need is generally not justified.
Children's skin should not be exposed to hard washcloths, bath brushes, or brooms. After bathing, the skin should not be wiped, but blotted with a soft towel; this will keep the skin intact and sufficiently moisturized.
Clean your baby when changing a diaper It is necessary only under running water, and not in a basin or in the bathroom, to avoid intestinal microbes getting on the skin, external genitalia and urinary tract. Girls are washed in the direction from the pubis to the anus.
When a rash appears You cannot self-medicate.
In a house where children grow up, should never be in the public domain chemicals, acids and alkalis, aggressive household cleaning products.
Young children should buy bed linen and clothes only from natural fabrics. Let them look more modest and discreet, but there will be no irritating effect on the skin of synthetic fabrics, seams and textile dyes, which are used to color bright and alluring children's things.
For healthy skin in a child's diet, always There should be enough vitamins A and E. From childhood, you need to teach your son and daughter to eat fresh orange and red vegetables, greens, sea fish, lean meat, dairy products with sufficient fat content, butter, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge.
From early childhood, the child's skin should be Protect from excessive exposure to strong winds, frost, and direct sunlight. All these factors dry her out, dehydrate her, as a result she becomes more vulnerable and susceptible to various infections.
No crusts, pustules or blisters on the child’s skin cannot be mechanically removed or opened at home, far from sterile. Most of the cases where an infection is attached to a seemingly harmless rash are associated precisely with parents’ attempts to rid the child of pimples or vesicles on their own. On the neck
In the last decade, the number of children suffering from allergies has increased significantly. Babies react to food, environment and other factors. Pathology most often manifests itself on the skin. As the baby grows, symptoms also change. Gradually, the respiratory tract is exposed to the brunt of the attack, which can negatively affect overall health.
What types of allergies do children have, and why does pathology occur? How dangerous is the problem for the baby, and what consequences can it lead to? How to treat an allergic reaction at different ages? What prevention will be the most effective? Let's figure it out together.
It is impossible to raise a child without encountering any type of rash.Causes of the disease
The immune response to an irritant occurs for many reasons. It is impossible to 100% determine the factors that caused the allergy, but there is a list of the most possible causes.
Allergies in children most often manifest themselves in the following cases:
The response appears not only on the skin, the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, and mucous membranes are involved. Along with the rash, coughing, runny nose, sneezing, nausea, vomiting, swelling of the tongue or other symptoms may occur.
Characteristic signs on the skin:
- burning, itching, pain;
- redness of the skin;
- dryness, flaking;
- tissue swelling;
- rash (bubbles, blisters, nodular seals, vesicles, etc.).
All parts of the body are susceptible to rash, especially the face, scalp, neck, limbs, buttocks, and abdomen. Visible symptoms appear some time after contact with the irritant.
Types of allergic reactions in children by type of origin
An allergy is a response of the immune system to an external or internal irritant to which the immune system is hypersensitive. Pathology has many types and forms.
Food allergies often occur to red berries Classification by type of origin:
- Food. It often affects children in the first year of life. Often it gradually goes away on its own. However, some people are allergic to certain foods forever. Allergens can be: red berries, fruits and vegetables, citrus fruits, legumes, nuts, milk, seafood.
- Aeroallergy. It occurs due to inhalation of an irritant that enters the lungs and settles on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.
- For pets. The opinion that wool is the main allergen is erroneous. Children react negatively to animal proteins contained in saliva and toxic substances excreted in the urine. In addition, dogs bring dirt from the street, and along with it bacteria and fungi.
- For medications. It appears at a younger age, less often in adolescence. Antibiotics (especially penicillin), anesthetics, and some vitamins have a negative effect.
- For house dust. Dust mites are microscopic, easily inhaled and often cause a negative immune response.
- For chemicals. This includes cleaning products, harsh chemicals, air fresheners or artificial synthetic fibers (low-quality clothing, soft toys).
- On natural factors. These could be bee, wasp, mosquito or bumblebee stings. Touching some plants results in burns. In some cases, allergies to cold or sun occur (we recommend reading:).
- Hay fever. A seasonal phenomenon when there is a high concentration of pollen from flowering plants in the air. Both adults and children are susceptible to the problem.
Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis Types of allergies according to the nature of the rash
Externally, allergies manifest themselves in different ways, as can be seen by looking at the photos of patients with descriptions. The same type of problem may differ in different children, for example, food allergies cause both urticaria and angioedema (depending on the level of immune sensitivity).
The most common types of disease according to the nature of the skin rash:
- contact dermatitis;
- atopic dermatitis;
- eczema;
- urticaria (we recommend reading:);
- neurodermatitis;
- Quincke's edema;
- Lyell's syndrome.
Contract dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is a disease that affects the upper layers of the skin (epidermis). It appears as a result of exposure to an irritating allergen on the immune system and the body as a whole. Infants, one-year-old children and older children are susceptible to pathology.
Contractual dermatitis most often affects the arms, legs, back and neck (appears extremely rarely on the face) Contact dermatitis for a young child is a common occurrence, since the immune system is not fully formed. It can appear for any reason, even a minor one. The environment plays an important role. Dirt in the house and irregular personal hygiene greatly increase the chances of illness.
External manifestations:
- skin redness, swelling;
- the appearance of keratinized areas prone to severe peeling;
- painful vesicles filled with clear fluid or pus;
- burning, itching (sometimes the pain is almost unbearable).
An unpleasant rash usually affects places where clothing always adheres (legs, arms, back, neck). Less often it appears on the face.
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is an acute skin reaction to an irritant or toxin, which is characterized by an inflammatory process. The disease is difficult to treat, prone to relapses and becoming chronic.
Depending on the age group of the patient, the pathology is characterized by different localization of foci of inflammation: in children under 1 year of age - this is the face, bends of the arms and legs; starting from 3 years of age, rashes often appear in the folds of the skin, on the feet or palms.
Atopic dermatitis on the face of a child The seborrheic type (not to be confused with seborrhea) affects the scalp. Atopy may appear on the genitals or mucous membranes (gastrointestinal tract, nasopharynx).
Symptoms of the disease:
- significant swelling;
- redness;
- peeling;
- nodular rash filled with exudate;
- burning, itching and pain;
- dry and cracked skin;
- formation of crusts that leave deep scars.
Food allergies are one of the most common causes of the disease. However, pets, dust or unsuitable hygiene products also often trigger dermatitis.
Pediatricians note that pathology rarely occurs on its own. In combination, the child has gastrointestinal diseases or other systemic disorders.
Eczema
Eczema is an inflammatory process of the upper layers of the skin. It is chronic in nature with periodic remissions and relapses, and often develops in parallel with atopic dermatitis.
The main source of the problem is an allergic reaction, especially if the baby has a genetic predisposition. Eczema appears under the influence of several factors - allergies and disorders of the body (immune system, gastrointestinal tract).
Characteristic features:
- redness;
- severe itching and burning;
- many small blisters that gradually merge into one continuous focus of inflammation;
- after their opening, an ulcerative lesion appears and exudate is released;
- As the wounds heal, they become covered with crusts.
Hives
Urticaria is a dermatological disease of allergic origin. At an early age it is characterized by acute short-term attacks, over time it becomes chronic.
Hives all over the body in a child The disease looks like many blisters, differing in shape and size. Their color varies from transparent to bright red. Each blister is surrounded by a swollen border. The rash is very itchy, causing the blisters to burst or merge into continuous erosion.
Skin pathology that is neuro-allergic in nature. The disease appears after 2 years. Frequent diathesis may be a prerequisite. It is distinguished by a long course, when acute relapses are replaced by periods of relative rest.
Neurodermatitis looks like a cluster of small light pink nodules. When combing, they can come together. The skin becomes red without defined boundaries. Scales, compactions, and hyperpigmentation appear.
Quincke's edema
Quincke's edema is a sudden acute reaction of the body to natural or chemical factors, most often caused by allergies. This is a serious pathology that requires urgent first aid and a full medical examination.
Quincke's edema
Quincke's edema is characterized by a significant increase in the soft tissues of the face (lips, cheeks, eyelids), neck, hands and feet or mucous membranes (swelling of the pharynx is very dangerous). The swelling can last from several minutes to several days. Swelling in the mouth makes it difficult to speak and prevents you from eating normally. There is no burning or itching. Touching the swelling does not cause pain.
Lyell's syndrome
Lyell's syndrome is a very serious and severe disease characterized by allergic origin. It is accompanied by a strong deterioration in the general condition of the patient, damage to the entire skin and mucous membranes. Externally, the disease resembles second-degree burns. The body becomes blistered, swollen and inflamed.
Typically, such a reaction occurs after taking allergen medications. At the first symptoms, you should consult a doctor, which will increase the chances of recovery. Prognosis for cure is disappointing (death occurs in 30% of cases). Fortunately, Lyell's syndrome accounts for only 0.3% of all allergic reactions to medications. After anaphylactic shock, it ranks second in terms of danger to the patient’s life.
Diagnosis of allergies
After the examination, a qualified specialist will prescribe a series of tests that will help accurately identify allergens. At the initial appointment, parents must inform:
- how the baby eats (what he ate recently before the rash appeared);
- mothers of infants - about their diet and introduced complementary foods;
- Are there any allergies in the family?
- Do pets live?
- what plants predominate near the house, etc.
Necessary tests:
- blood test for immunoglobulin;
- allergy tests (cutaneous, application, provocative);
- general detailed blood test.
To determine the etiology of an allergic rash, a general blood test will be required. Treatment with medications
Proper treatment of allergies is mandatory; it will relieve complications and further health problems. It is important to protect the child from allergens and irritants and provide drug therapy. The course of treatment differs for patients of different age categories. It is common to take antihistamines and local skin treatment. Medicines are prescribed exclusively by a specialist.
In case of food allergies, doctors always prescribe the enterosorbent Enterosgel in a course to remove allergens. The drug is a gel soaked in water. It gently envelops the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, collects allergens from them and removes them from the body. An important advantage of Enterosgel is that allergens are firmly bound to the gel and are not released in the lower intestines. Enterosgel, like a porous sponge, absorbs mainly harmful substances without interacting with beneficial microflora and microelements, so it can be taken for more than 2 weeks.
Therapy for newborns
Some doctors deny congenital allergies as an independent pathology. It occurs due to the fault of the mother, often unintentionally. This is caused by the consumption of allergens in food, bad habits, and previous diseases. In addition, allergies can appear in the first days or months of life.
First of all, a nursing mother should review her diet, eliminating all possible allergens. For bottle-fed infants, a hypoallergenic or lactose-free formula is selected.
In acute cases of the disease, antihistamines are indicated for children under 1 year of age:
- Fenistil drops (contraindicated for up to 1 month);
- Cetrin drops (from six months);
- Zyrtec drops (from six months) (we recommend reading:).
For a rash, local treatment is prescribed (smear 2 times a day):
- Fenistil gel (relieves itching, soothes the skin);
- Bepanten (moisturizes, improves tissue regeneration);
- Weleda (German cream containing natural ingredients);
- Elidel (an anti-inflammatory drug prescribed after 3 months).
Treatment of babies over 1 year old
After the age of 1 year, the list of approved medications increases slightly. However, up to 3 years of age, therapy should be predominantly preventive in nature (the baby should be protected from the irritant).
Antihistamines:
- Erius (suspension);
- Zodak (drops)
- Parlazin (drops);
- Cetirizine Hexal (drops);
- Fenistil (drops);
- Tavegil (syrup), etc.
For skin rashes, the same ointments are used as for newborns, or as individually prescribed by a doctor. To cleanse the body of toxins, absorbents are taken: Polysorb, Phosphalugel, Enterosgel, Smecta. It is recommended to take vitamins.
In case of prolonged or severe course of the disease, doctors resort to taking hormone-containing drugs (Prednisolone). Immunomodulatory therapy at this age is undesirable. As a last resort, a gentle medicine is selected (for example, Derinat drops).
Elimination of symptoms in children over 3 years of age
Starting from the age of 3, it becomes possible to begin to eliminate the problem itself. Medicines only relieve symptoms, but they cannot cure allergies.
An effective method is specific immunotherapy (SIT). It can be used from the age of 5. The allergen is gradually introduced to the patient in precise doses. As a result, he develops an immune defense and loses sensitivity to the irritant. In parallel with SIT, measures can be taken to increase immune defense, improve blood composition, etc.
To eliminate symptoms, you can add to the above medications:
- Suprastin;
- Diazolin;
- Cetrin;
- Claritin;
- Clemastine.
How long does it take for an allergic reaction to last?
How long can an allergic reaction last? This depends on individual hypersensitivity, health status and duration of contact with the irritant.
On average, it can last from several minutes to several days (4-6 days). Seasonal hay fever takes up the entire flowering period and can last up to a couple of months. It is necessary to protect the baby from exposure to the irritant and carry out symptomatic treatment.
How dangerous is a baby's allergies?
Skin allergies in children are potentially dangerous, especially if there is no proper treatment. You cannot ignore diathesis or dermatitis under the pretext that all children have it.
Risk factors:
- transition of an acute reaction to a chronic form;
- the appearance of prolonged atopic dermatitis or neurodermatitis;
- risk of anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema;
- bronchial asthma.
Rash – the child's body's reaction to various changes: the appearance of allergies, the consequences of acute respiratory viral infections and other inflammatory processes, and more. Below the text will describe the causes of the rash on the child’s body, photos with explanations.
Rash on a child's body
A rash on a child’s body can appear for various reasons. Most often these are consequences or signs of the baby’s painful conditions. It's important to note that the rash can't just appear. To find out the reasons, you need to visit a doctor.
It is for the reasons for the appearance that the types of rash are distinguished. Classification example:
Allergic rash in children photo
An allergic rash in children (pictured) can appear for various reasons: as a reaction to a new product in the child’s diet, or if the child has eaten too much of a product; for flowering of plants and shrubs; for various fragrances or aerosols for the home.
The main difference between an allergic rash and rashes associated with other diseases is general condition of the child's body: fever appears extremely rarely, the child is active, and his appetite does not disappear. In general, the baby feels and behaves as usual.
If an allergic rash appears, you should consult a specialist. And parents also need to remember that something new has been introduced into the child’s life: a new product, some kind of medicine or vitamins, and perhaps they went somewhere on vacation, changed their place of stay. Present all the information to the doctor, and then simply act based on the recommendations for the child. In such cases, most often antihistamines are prescribed. All possible causes of this allergy must be excluded from the child’s life.
A child has a rash all over his body without fever
There can be many reasons for the appearance of this rash. Eg:
All these diseases in most cases are not accompanied by fever. But 99% have a rash. And parents shouldn't panic. A child’s rash all over the body without fever is just the child’s body’s response to the virus inside it.
Also, the cause of the appearance of a rash without fever can be the “classic” one: 
or : 
What is the correct behavior of parents in this case? Firstly, no panic; secondly, immediately call a doctor for examination; thirdly, it is imperative to monitor the child’s condition in the future and transfer everything to a specialist. And lastly, strictly follow all prescribed instructions from your doctor.
The reasons for the appearance of a small rash on a child’s body that looks like goosebumps (pictured):
Treatment for such a rash is prescribed by a specialist, based on the root cause of its appearance.
Rash due to enterovirus infection in children photo
This type of infection is especially dangerous for children. Why? is an infection of “dirty hands”. Namely, children, as you know, put everything “in their mouths”, try everything, and in most cases do not wash their hands. As a result - . In adults, the onset of this disease most often occurs only from an infected person through touch.
The rash in children (pictured) consists of many small and medium-sized bumps collected in small clusters.
The first to be affected are the mucous membranes, for example, the oral cavity. Then the rash spreads to the extremities (palms, hands, heels and ankles), then throughout the body. It is important that with this disease the child may experience vomiting and nausea. And areas of the skin where there is a rash, they itch terribly.
Treatment consists of taking antiviral drugs, of course, on the recommendation of a specialist after the examination. The course of each baby is different. Basically, the illness lasts no more than 5-7 days, then with proper treatment the child recovers and is fully restored.
Rash on a child's back
A rash on the back of a child is a common occurrence. The reasons for the appearance may be the following:
In every case, a rash is a sign of painful changes. The rash may have different character and appearance– small, large, in the form of papules, flattened, purulent or filled with liquid, etc.
Depending on the cause of the appearance, there will be appropriate treatment.
Rash on a child's stomach
The cause of a rash on a child’s stomach can be, like the most common heat rash, an allergic reaction, or the appearance of an infectious disease. So is the result of the course of a serious illness in the baby’s body.
In this case, it is better not to hope that this is just . Better call a pediatrician at home, based on the examination results, the doctor will prescribe treatment. Or he will give general recommendations for child care so that the rash no longer bothers the baby.
Calling an ambulance is necessary in the following cases:
- There is a sharp increase in temperature after the appearance of a rash on the child’s stomach.
- The rash takes on the character of ulcers with discharge.
- The baby becomes lethargic, inactive, and drowsy.
- The appearance of a rash not only in the child, but also in other children or parents.
Loading...