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You will learn
When did the keepers of the legend appear, who are they? priests.
What role did the sages play in Judaism? rabbis).
What's happened hierarchy in a Christian church.
What does the Muslim community look like?
About Buddhist sangha and Buddhist teachers ( lamah).
Basic Concepts
Priest Rabbi Apostle Bishop Priest Deacon Hierarchy Umma Imam Hafiz Sangha Lama
Who are the priests? As soon as ancient religions arose, those who kept religious traditions, rituals, and legends also appeared. Often only they could perform sacred actions and connect their fellow tribesmen with the world of spirits and gods. In ancient religions, such people were usually called priests, that is, servants.
Sages of the Jews. The Bible tells: when the ancient Jews entered into a covenant with the One God, they separated one family, which was to perform all sacred rites in the Jerusalem Temple. Later, the sages began to play an increasingly important role in the life of the Jewish community, explaining the Holy Scriptures to the people, interpreting the commandments and regulations of the law. Believing Jews began to call such knowledgeable people rabbi, that is, teacher.
Christian priests. Jesus Christ founded the Church, that is, the collection of all believers in Christ who form one big family. Together they preserve the memory of Christ and His teaching, but from the first days of the Church’s existence there were different ministries in it. Thus, close disciples of Christ in various countries told their contemporaries about Him. They began to be called apostles - “messengers”. In those cities where new communities of Christians appeared, the apostles left bishops, which translated from Greek means “overseeing.” Bishops performed divine services, preached, and cared for their communities. Later, the ministries of priests and deacons arose to assist the bishops. ??? deacons to bishops
In the Christian Church, bishops, priests and deacons form a hierarchy. On its top step there is a bishop, on the bottom – a deacon. You can only climb the steps of the hierarchy sequentially: first you need to become a deacon, then a priest, and only then a bishop.
Muslim community. There is no church organization in Islam. All Muslims are a large single community - the Ummah (community). She is the collective bearer and custodian of the Islamic religion. Most Muslims trust their most competent representatives - imams (literally translated - “leader”) to lead prayers. Since Muslims especially reverence their Holy Scripture, the Koran, people who remember it by heart (hafiz), as well as those who can read the Koran according to specially established rules, are highly respected among them.
Buddhist community. In Buddhism, the Buddhist community, the sangha (assembly), plays an important role. Sometimes all Buddhist believers are called this, but more often only the community of Buddhist monks is called sangha, that is, people who have renounced family and property, wear special orange robes and live on donations. According to legend, the first sangha was organized by the Buddha himself and his 18 closest disciples. Later, among Buddhist monks, lamas (from the word “highest”) - authoritative teachers who lead believers along the path indicated by the Buddha - began to enjoy special honor.
This is interesting
The ancient inhabitants of Europe - the Celts - had a special group of priests - the Druids. The Druids were the keepers of heroic legends and poems, which they passed down orally from generation to generation. But they kept their most secret knowledge within only their closed group. Anyone who wanted to become a Druid had to study for many years, know the Celtic calendar and rituals, know how to use plants to perform these rituals and to heal the sick, and much more, about which knowledge has now been lost. New age
Questions and tasks
What were the servants called in ancient religions?
Who and why are called sages in Judaism?
What levels of hierarchy do church ministers go through in Christianity?
Which people and why do Muslims especially honor them?
Who can be called the guardians of religion in Buddhism?
Find out from your parents and elders if they know about religions in which there are no special people who would keep its traditions and legends.
Man in the religious traditions of the world
You will learn
What is prayer?
Basic Concepts
Prayer Sacraments Namaz Mantra
We said that religion is the connection between man and God, man and the spiritual world. A person’s place in the world and his actions are always an integral part of religious ideas. It was to people that the founders of world religions, their messengers and prophets addressed themselves. What should a person do? It depends on how a given religion understands the world and man.
We remember that in the biblical picture of the world, man is called to restore a broken connection with God. The actions he must perform are also aimed at this. One of the central actions is prayer.
In Christianity, prayer is a natural way to communicate with God, a conversation with Him. For a believer, it is a need, not an obligation. Just as a person who loves another person values communication with him and strives to meet and talk with him more often, so a person who believes in God and loves Him strives to communicate with God in prayer.
An equally important part of a Christian’s life is reading (for some people, daily) the Bible and especially the Gospel. Because the Gospel records the actions and words of Christ, the Savior, which the believer always strives to follow.
Also in the Christian Church there are special sacred actions through which believers can spiritually touch Christ and feel His presence. These actions are called sacraments. Since the time of the preaching of the apostles, two of them have been known - Baptism and Eucharist (from the Greek “thanksgiving”). Ordination? During baptism, which is usually accomplished by three times immersion in water, a person enters the Church. In the sacrament of the Eucharist, bread and wine are consecrated, which are then distributed to the believers, and by eating them they are united with Christ.
From the point of view of Judaism, the main religious purpose of the Jewish people and the people who belong to them is to keep the Covenant with God. Therefore, great importance is given to prayer, reading the Holy Scriptures, as well as strict observance of religious instructions and commandments. One of the main commandments is to keep the Sabbath (you will learn about this in fifth grade).
This is interesting
In some groups of Jewish believers, it is customary to devote at least several hours a day to reading the Holy Scriptures and its interpretations.
In Islam, it is believed that man was created by God (Allah) as a confirmation of His omnipotence. Everything around was created for the sake of man, and he must obey God and do His will. God directly prescribed forms of service to himself in the Koran, so a Muslim tries to fulfill them scrupulously every day. Five prayers a day (namaz), fasting (abstaining from food) in the month of Ramadan, once a year the allocation of zakat - purifying alms, etc. Responsibilities not fulfilled on time can be replenished later as soon as possible; the fulfillment of many responsibilities is made easier depending on the circumstances.
In Buddhism, prayer or mantra (literally, “saying”) is understood differently than in religions associated with the biblical tradition. The mantra, strictly speaking, is not addressed to God, whom Buddhism does not know. It serves to properly “tune” a person’s consciousness, to remove him from dependence on everything transitory and vain. Meanwhile, Buddhists can also perform prayers themselves, addressed to people who have already achieved enlightenment, nirvana, or to the spirits who are the patrons of Buddhism. Symbolic gifts are also sometimes brought to the spirits - pieces of food, water, strips of beautiful fabrics.
Let's discuss it together
What sacraments of the Christian church do you know?
Questions and tasks
How do you understand what prayer is in Christianity?
Why do you think “reading” is an important part of the Christian life?
What is the main religious purpose of the Jewish people and people?
What duties should a Muslim perform every day?
What is the purpose of prayer in Buddhism?
Sacred structures
You will learn
What are sacred structures and what are they intended for?
What is a synagogue and how do Jews pray?
What is the main thing in Christian churches?
What are icons .
Basic Concepts
Synagogue Church Altar Icon Fresco
What are sacred buildings for? Believers perform joint ritual actions in structures specially created for this purpose, which become sacred to them. These structures can be completely different in their external and internal appearance, but their purpose is always the same - joint participation in rituals.
Already in ancient times, people began to gather together to pray to their gods and make sacrifices to them. They did not yet know how to build houses, so sometimes a portable tent served them for these purposes (for example, among the ancient Jews it was called a tabernacle), did the Jews not know how to build houses? This is after centuries of making bricks in Egypt, sometimes stones were collected together and placed in a certain order. And now the remains of these stone structures are still being found. The largest of them is located in England and is called Stonehenge (“stone” means stone in English).
Later, people began to build temples. In Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, and Japan, people built temples dedicated to their gods.
Sacred buildings of Judaism. When the ancient Jews believed in One God, not then but later they built the famous Temple of Jerusalem. Their whole life was concentrated around the Temple, which was the only one for them. The Jews perceived its destruction as a terrible tragedy. But their joint prayers did not stop. Having settled in different countries, groups of Jews began to use “meeting houses” - synagogues - for joint prayers and reading the Holy Scriptures. Synagogues are the main sacred buildings for Jews today.
Externally, synagogues may look different, but inside their structure is always subject to certain rules. At one of the walls of the prayer hall there is a special casket in which a Torah scroll is kept. According to tradition, the text of the Torah intended to be read during worship must be handwritten. In the center of the synagogue there is a platform from which the Torah is read. Above the cabinet there is a lamp - a menorah, which should always have seven wicks. Next to the lamp is usually placed a stone slab or bronze plaque, with the Ten Commandments engraved on it, which God once gave to Moses.
Christian churches. Christian temples (churches) began to emerge soon after the death of Christ. The external forms of these temples are very diverse. But there are common features for all Christian churches.
The altar is the most sacred place in a Christian church. Sometimes the altar is separated from the rest of the temple by a barrier - the iconostasis. Icons are placed on the iconostasis - images of Christ and saints. Christian churches also use wall paintings, a technique called frescoes.
There are no seats in Russian Orthodox churches; believers stand during services. Only sick or old people can sit down for a short time. Men, entering the temple, must remove their headdress, and women, on the contrary, are supposed to cover their heads.
This is interesting
Men and women attending services in the synagogue must sit separately; for this purpose, separate rooms have been arranged for them. During prayer, men put on tefillin - special boxes that are attached to the head and right hand with straps. They contain certain passages from the Torah, handwritten on parchment. A man's head, as a sign of humility before God, should always be covered - this could be a small round cap on the back of his head - a kippah, a wide-brimmed hat or a fur hat. During prayer, men also cover their heads with a tallit - a prayer shawl.
This is interesting
In Catholic and Protestant churches, the area around the altar is open. In Catholic churches, in addition to icons, there are also sculptural images, but in Protestant churches, very often there are no images. In Catholic and Protestant churches there are benches on which believers sit during services, getting up only during the most solemn moments.
Questions and tasks
Why did people start creating sacred structures? Could they do without them?
Why is the synagogue not considered a temple among the Jews? What are the rules for setting up a synagogue?
Using illustrations and personal experience, describe the structure of a Christian church.
How are Orthodox and Catholic churches different? Iconostasis and benches?
What is an icon? “icon – image of Christ” That’s it?
Sacred structures
You will learn
How prayer goes and how to behave in a Muslim mosque .
How are Buddhist temples arranged?
Basic Concepts
Mosque Minaret Stupa Pagoda
Mosques. Believers must enter a Muslim mosque - a building of prayer in Islam - without shoes, because??? the floor there is covered with mats and carpets. It is believed that before prayer, believers should wash themselves (especially thoroughly wash their feet) and put on clean clothes. Therefore, there is usually a pond in the courtyard of the mosque. Women's clothing must cover their entire body except the face and hands.
The structure of the mosque was already established during the time of the first successors of Muhammad. Most mosques have a special tower - a minaret, from which believers are called to prayer. Every mosque must have a niche; it always faces Mecca, the holy city for Muslims. This niche indicates where Muslims should face during prayer. There is also a platform in the mosque on which the preacher stands.
The prayer in the mosque is led by the imam (which means “standing in front”). During prayer, believers stand in rows behind the imam. Women should be located on the balcony or at the end of the hall behind the curtain.
The mosque is not consecrated and there are not only no icons or sculptures, but also no images of people or wildlife at all. The mosque is decorated only with special inscriptions (usually verses from the Koran) and various ornaments.
Buddhist temples. As you already know, the Buddha’s body was burned on a funeral pyre, and his ashes were placed by his disciples in special structures - stupas. Initially there were eight stupas, and they became the object of worship for Buddhists. Then stupas began to be built not only to store ashes, but also to store other relics, and in honor of memorable events in the history of Buddhism. Initially, the stupas consisted of three parts - a stepped base, a massive central part and a roof in the form of a multi-tiered umbrella. But then they began to build more and more complex stupas, they turned into tall multi-tiered buildings called pagodas. Pagodas are often used as temples.
The inside of a Buddhist temple is usually a large rectangular hall.
In front of the images of deities, an altar is installed - a table covered with cloth, on which various ritual objects are placed. Above the platform, where Buddhist monks sit during services, multi-colored ribbons, fabric cylinders, silk scarves, umbrellas, balls filled with aromatic herbs and lanterns of various shapes and colors hang from the ceiling.
When entering a Buddhist temple, people must remove their hats. In the temple you can sit on benches or on the floor. It is believed that during the service it is best to walk around the temple in the direction of the sun, that is, from left to right, while trying not to turn your back to the altar.
This is interesting
Buddhist temples are often the centers of monasteries. They are surrounded by a fence shaped like a regular rectangle. At the corners of the fence, on high poles, multi-colored pieces of material with magical texts written on them flutter, which are designed to ward off evil forces from the monastery. On both sides of the fence there are rows of prayer wheels, which are metal cylinders mounted on a vertical axis and filled with prayer texts. Before entering the monastery, believers walk around the fence and rotate these cylinders. It is believed that one turn of the cylinder is equivalent to reading all the prayers contained in it.
Questions and tasks
How should a Muslim behave in a mosque?
Write a description of the interior of the mosque.
How did Buddhist temples originate?
Write a description of the interior of a Buddhist temple.
Lesson 12 – 13
Art in religious culture
You will learn
What role does art play in different religions?
Basic Concepts
Icon Calligraphy Arabesque Seven Candlesticks
Art in the religious culture of Christianity. We remember that the basis of Christianity is the belief that the Son of God, Jesus Christ, was born on earth. Since Christ lived among us, He can not only be written about in a book, but He can be depicted. Very soon, images of Christ, His Mother, Mary and saints became widespread among Christians. These images began to be called icons (from the Greek “image”, “image”). Today, the icon is often perceived as one of the characteristic features of Christian art. It is believed that in an icon image, made according to all the rules, the one who is depicted on it is invisibly present - the Savior or the saints??? That's why??? they pray in front of the icons, bow before them, but at the same time believers bow not to the boards and paints, but to the one who is depicted on the icon - Jesus Christ, the Mother of God, the saints.
Art in the religious culture of Islam. Islam prohibits the depiction of people and animals for fear of idolatry. At the same time, Muslims attach great importance to their Holy Scripture - the Koran. Therefore, the art of calligraphy has received great development among Muslims. It has its origins in the idea that the Quran is the direct speech of God. His words, captured on paper or other media, of course, had to be beautiful in appearance. However, despite the prohibition of images, sometimes calligraphers convey certain phrases on paper in such a way that they take on the appearance of a man bowed in prayer or a brave lion. The calligrapher is considered to be superior to all other artists because he depicts God's Word in the best possible way. In conditions of limited images, decorative and ornamental art turned out to be especially in demand. Muslims developed the art of arabesque, an ornament characterized by the stylization of animal and plant forms, the endless repetition of geometric shapes echoing each other, and the continuity of decor. As a rule, many elements of the decoration of mosques, Muslim religious schools, etc. are very richly decorated.
Art in the religious culture of Judaism. Works of artistic creativity decorate the center of Jewish religious life - the synagogue. The main shrine kept in any synagogue is the Torah scroll. The crown of the Torah is placed on the rods that hold the scroll as a sign that Scripture is the ruler of the people. Together with or instead of a crown, luxurious tops are sometimes placed on the rods, symbolizing the fruits of the tree of paradise. The scroll is dressed in special embroidered clothes, which are surrounded by a belt. As a bookmark, which helps you immediately find the place you need to read, a torashild - a shield made of precious metals - serves. When reading, you cannot move your hand over the text, so special pointers are used - poisons. The synagogue is decorated with lamps. In the synagogue there is a seven-branched candlestick, reminiscent of the seven-branched candlestick of the Jerusalem Temple.
At home, ritual silver products accompany the most important holidays. To welcome the Sabbath, Shabbat candlesticks and a kiddush glass are needed; to see off the Sabbath, aromatics (bsamim) and a specially shaped candlestick, with a drawer for spices and a rising cup. Every home has a Hanukkah lamp with eight wicks for Hanukkah and a silver box-casket for storing the etrog for the holiday of Sukkot. A Jewish home can be immediately identified by the mezuzah attached to the doorpost.
Art in the religious culture of Buddhism. Buddha images occupy a place in Buddhist fine art. He is depicted in three ways: in the image of the Teacher - sitting with his right hand raised, Triumphant - sitting with his hands down, and “sleeping” - the reclining figure of Buddha going into nirvana. All details of the image of the Buddha are subject to the “thirty-two iconographic signs of a great personality,” which are set out in detail in the canonical texts. There are also various images of calm and formidable “deities” - the patrons of Buddhism.
This is interesting
Under the influence of Buddhism it developed garden art. In Japan, there are still “rock gardens” that were made in order to create favorable conditions for the spiritual exercises of Buddhist monks. Also in Buddhism?? there was a special tea ceremony. Because for Buddhist monks, tea was a special drink: they drank it during meditation and offered it to Buddha.
Questions and tasks
What does the word "icon" mean?
Why has the art of calligraphy become highly developed among Muslims?
What rules exist when reading the Torah?
What image is the main one in the religious culture of Buddhism?
The keeper
- The keeper
- A person who keeps, protects someone, protects something.
- There are different opinions about the role of priests in the life of Ancient Egypt. Thus, some believe that the control of the priests had a negative impact on the life of the Egyptians and on the development of the state. According to others, priests - guardians of sacred traditions - played a positive role in the history and culture of Ancient Egypt. The priesthood of Egypt played an important role in the formation and prosperity of the state, the development of the spiritual health of the nation, and the preservation of historical and cultural values. (Judaism)
- RABBI is a title awarded upon receipt of a higher Jewish religious education, which gives the right to lead a community, teach and be a member of a religious court.
- In a word Rav(literally 'big', 'great', also 'lord') are called teachers of the law.
- In Russia. According to the Regulations on the Jews, the Jews of the Russian Empire retained the right to choose rabbis, but the appointment to this position was approved by the provincial authorities. Rabbis were elected for three years and received a salary from the community, but they were prohibited from charging special fees for performing rituals. In an effort to spread general education among Jews, the authorities warned that from 1812 only someone who knew Russian, Polish or German could become a rabbi.
- Apostle (Greek gr. άπóστολος from the verb άποστέλλω “to send”): a follower of Christ, called to the service of bringing the Good News (Gospel) to all nations;
- Twelve Apostles
- Most often, the apostles are understood as the twelve closest disciples of Christ, called by Christ so that they could be with Him, proclaim the Gospel with Him, cast out demons, and speak in His name. Christ endows the apostles with his authority: “He who receives you receives Me, and he who receives Me receives him who sent Me.” By virtue of this power, the apostles, after the Resurrection of Christ and the descent of the Holy Spirit on them (Pentecost), become the head of the Christian Church.
- Bishop (Greek ἐπίσκοπος - “supervisor”, “supervisor”) in the modern Church is a person who has the third, highest degree of priesthood, otherwise a bishop.
- Originally, in apostolic times, the term “bishop,” as used in the letters of the Apostle Paul, denoted the senior leader of a particular community of followers of Jesus Christ. Bishops oversaw the Christians of a particular city or province, unlike the apostles. Subsequently, the term takes on a more specific meaning of the highest degree of priesthood.
- With the advent of various honorary episcopal degrees (archbishop, metropolitan, etc.), the term in Russian also became a designation for the youngest of them, although it did not lose a more general meaning, for which the term is also used bishop. In the Greek Church the general term is usually hierarch(“priest leader”).
- Priest - in the common meaning, a minister of a religious cult. It has a special meaning in historical Judaism; now there are no priests in Judaism and it is wrong to use this term in relation to rabbis).
- In the Roman Catholic, Orthodox and a number of other Christian denominations that recognize the traditional understanding of the priesthood, a priest is a clergyman who has the 2nd degree: below a bishop and above a deacon (in Orthodoxy also called a presbyter). To use the term “priest” in relation to a person holding an episcopal rank is terminologically incorrect.
- Deacon (lit. form; colloquial deacon; ancient Greek διάκονος - minister) - a person serving in church service at the first, lowest degree of priesthood. A woman who has the office of deacon is called a deaconess (deaconess).
- Umma- Arabic word meaning " community" or " nation" IN Islam word umma denotes the community of believers, that is, the whole Islamic world. Phrase Ummah Wahida(“one community”) in Koran stands for the united Arab world. On the other hand, in Arabic the word umma can also be used in Western meaning nation, For example ( United Nations).
- IMAM (Arabic) - means “standing in front,” more broadly, “one who leads the prayer.”
- In Sunni Islam, any devout Muslim who knows the Koran well, regardless of his social status, can lead the prayer.
- In village mosques, the most respectable and theologically versed person, often without any special theological education, is usually selected for the position of imam.
- Hafiz (Arabic "learner by heart", "guardian") - a person who knows Koran by heart.
- This is also called Tajik And Uzbek singers performing traditional music.
- Sangha, Samgha,(“collection, multitude”) - name Buddhist communities. This term may be used to denote religious brotherhood as a whole. In a narrower sense - host creatures that have reached a certain degree enlightenment.
- In the broad sense of the “Buddhist community,” the term “fourfold sangha” is used: a community of monks, nuns, laymen and laywomen. This is a community, the presence of which, for example, indicates the prevalence of the Buddha’s teachings in a country or region.
- In a narrow sense, for example when accepting Refuges, by Sangha it is recommended to understand the Liberated Sangha, the community of saints freed from the illusion of “ego” beings.
- Lama (and in Buryat and Kalmyk pronunciation the emphasis is on the last syllable Lama) ( Tib. Wiley:bla ma) - V Tibetan Buddhism- religious teacher.
- This name is similar Sanskrit concept " guru" and can be used as a respectful address to monk(nun) in order to emphasize their level of spiritual perfection and mastery, or may be an integral part of title in the religious hierarchy of Tibetan lamas, such as: Dalai Lama, Panchen Lama (Tulku).
- Perhaps due to the mixed reception of Tibetan Buddhism by Western scholars, the term lama historically and often erroneously used to refer to all Tibetan monks. Likewise, Tibetan Buddhism has often been called Lamaism, since Western scholars and travelers did not perceive Tibetan Buddhism as a form of Buddhism in general. Currently the concept lamaism is considered incorrect.
And white sleeves.
The imam leads the congregation in prayer. Cairo, Egypt, 1865.
Caliph(Arabic: خليفة, governor, deputy) - the name of the highest title among Muslims. At different times, views on its content were different. Word caliphate(Arabic: خليفة - Khalifah- “heir”, “representative”) - means both the title of caliph and the vast state created after Muhammad by the conquering Arabs under the leadership of his “caliphs” (viceroys). Era of existence Arab Caliphate(630-1258), together with several subsequent centuries of the flourishing of pan-Islamic science and culture, are called in Western historiography The Golden Age of Islam. For the Umayyads and Abbasids, caliph is the hereditary title of a ruler who combines unlimited supreme spiritual and temporal power. In the Mamluk Sultanate, the caliphs were exclusively spiritual leaders, leaving secular rule to the sultans.
Mullah(Arabic المُلَّا /al-mullah/ from Arabic. مَوْلَى “viceroy; guardian; master”; Persian ملّا, Tur. Molla, Chech. Molla, Uzbek. Mulla, Indon. Mullah) - Arabic Muslim spiritual the title of theologian (ulema), learned man and jurist, usually well aware of the Koran (sometimes even by heart, that is, hafiz), hadith and Sharia norms. Among Sunnis it is often used as a synonym for the title of imam, the elected head of the community of believers. Among the Shiites, the rank of mullah is lower than the rank of imam (see. twelve imams). Such a mullah does not participate in secular government; his competence is only the interpretation of the Koran and matters of faith. In the Caucasus, muezzins, “everyday” imams and other lower clergy are also called mullah, while the “Friday” imam, qadi and sheikh-ul-Islam are called Mullah-akhund (among Shiites) or Mullah-effendi (among Sunnis).
Mullahs at a reception with Shah Safavi
The system of rabbinical positions forms a hierarchy, the highest level being the Ashkenazi and Sephardic chief rabbis; they are followed by judges ( we give) Supreme Court of Appeal, then - we give regional batey-din, numerous rabbis (overseeing kashrut, mikvahs, etc.), regional rabbis appointed by local religious councils, and finally synagogue rabbis.
Rabbi, illustration by Tatyana Doronina.
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Methodological development of a lesson for the course: “Fundamentals of religious cultures and secular ethics” (module “Fundamentals of world religious cultures”) Developed by: Lyubov Aleksandrovna Makarova, primary school teacher at MBOU “Secondary School No. 5”, Kolchugino, Vladimir Region, 2012.
Topic: Keepers of tradition in the religions of the world. Goal: developing an idea of the keepers of tradition in the religions of the world
Objectives: to form a holistic view of world religions in their unity and diversity; master the skills of semantic reading of text of various genres in accordance with the tasks; develop a willingness to listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue; develop skills in comparing religious events and phenomena; to form a tolerant, respectful attitude towards world religions
Forms and types of educational activities: conversation; commented reading; oral history on a topic; independent work with sources of information; group work. Basic concepts: priest, rabbi, bishop, priest, deacon, hierarchy, umma, imam, hafiz, sangha, lama.
LESSON PROGRESS: Organizational moment. Checking homework: The class is divided into 2 groups (group 1 - option 1, group 2 - option 2.) Each group receives a card with a crossword puzzle, after guessing which the children will receive a key word.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Card No. 1.
questions 1. successor of Muhammad (Caliph) 2. liberation from suffering (nirvana) 3. the holy scripture of the Jews (Tanakh) 4. the holy book of Islam (Koran) 5. the book that describes the life of Jesus and his disciples (Bible) 6. sacred the book of Buddhism (Tipitaka) 7. the most ancient texts in poetic form (Vedas) 8. translated this word means “Good News” (Gospels) 9. among the Jews it is called the Torah (Pentateuch)
Card No. 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
questions disciple of Jesus Christ (apostle) the holy book of Muslims (Koran) translated this word means “Good News” (gospels) tales of the creation of the world (Vedas) the first part of the Bible among the Jews (Torah) the sacred scripture of the Jews (Tanakh) “Three Baskets of Wisdom” "(Tipitaka) The Holy Book of Jews and Christians (Bible)
Setting the lesson goal. Group 1: What word did you get in the yellow cells? What word did it come from? What can you store? What do you keep at home? What can be stored in the religions of the world? Group 2: What word did you get in the yellow cells? How do you understand what legends are? (Associations) Connect the words. Name the topic of our lesson. (keepers of tradition in the religions of the world) And we will also get acquainted with their role in religion.
New material.
Work from the textbook p. 22 (Reading the introductory article) Brief conversation. When did the keepers of legends appear? What do they store? Who are the priests? Do you know who the Druids are? Teacher's story about the Druids. Do you think all religions have guardians?
Work in groups. The rules for working in a group are repeated. (children take one card at a time, match the name to a particular religion, thereby forming groups: 1. Jewish community 2. Christian community 3. Muslim community 4. Buddhist community Work in the group is carried out according to the group’s work plan.
Group work plan: Read the textbook article that matches the name of your community. 2. Identify the keepers of tradition in religion and talk about them. 3. Create a slide layout. (Define the meaning of the concept, choose a picture of the holy book and the keeper of the tradition) 4. Discuss the question: What would change if there were no guardians of religions?
Group presentation with slide presentation. Questions for groups: 1gr. Which subjects did you guess? What is this rabbi? 2 gr. Make a “pyramid” forming a hierarchy. 3gr. Who are the Hafiz? 4gr.What are the features of the Buddhist Sangha?
WORK IN THE NOTEBOOK Orthodox culture Jewish culture Islamic culture Buddhist culture Fill out the table. Peer review.
Reflection What I liked most about the lesson was... 2. What I didn’t like about the lesson was... 3. What I remember from the lesson was... 4. I wanted to know more about...
Thank you for your attention!
Preview:
Lesson No. 8 “Keepers of Tradition in the Religions of the World”
Module “Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures”
Course “Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia”
Textbook “Fundamentals of world religious cultures” 4-5 grades, Moscow, ed. "Enlightenment" 2012
Compiled by: Makarova L.A.,
primary school teacher MBOU “Secondary School No. 5”, Kolchugino, Vladimir Region
Lesson topic : "Keepers of Tradition in the World's Religions."
The purpose of the lesson : formation of ideas about the keepers of tradition in the religions of the world
Tasks :to form a holistic view of world religions in their unity and diversity;
Master the skills of semantic reading of text of various genres in accordance with the tasks;
develop a willingness to listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue;
develop skills in comparing religious events and phenomena;
to form a tolerant, respectful attitude towards world religions
Forms and types of educational activities:
Conversation, commented reading, oral narrative on a topic, group work,
Independent work with sources of information, compiling and filling out tables.
Equipment : interactive whiteboard, projector, cards, presentation.
Basic Concepts: rabbi, bishop, priest, deacon, hierarchy, umma, imam, hafiz, sangha,
Lama.
Lesson plan.
Organizing time.
Checking homework.(The class is divided into two groups, each group receives a crossword puzzle)
Card No. 1.
Questions:
1.successor of Muhammad ( x alif)
2.liberation from suffering (neither r vana)
3. the holy scripture of the Jews (tan a x)
4.holy book of Islam (kora n)
5.book that describes the life of Jesus and his disciples (biblical and I)
6.holy book of Buddhism (teepee taka)
7. the most ancient texts in poetic form (in e dy)
8.translated this word means “Good News” (gospel l iya)
9.The Jews call it the Torah (Pentatekn and live)
Card No. 2.
Questions:
- disciple of Jesus Christ (a p ostol)
- holy book of muslims (ko r an)
- translated this word means “Good News” (evang e lia)
- tales about the creation of the world (ve d s)
- the first part of the Jewish Bible (Torah A )
- holy scripture of the Jews (that nah)
- "Three Baskets of Wisdom" (type and so on)
- The Holy Book of Jews and Christians (Bible I )
Conversation:
What names of sacred books did you come across in the crossword puzzle?
Why do you think the sacred books have survived to this day, despite the fact that they have been thousands of years old?
Setting the lesson goal.
1 group
What word did it come from?
What can you store? What do you keep at home?
What can be stored in the religions of the world?
2. group :What word did you get in the yellow cells?
How do you understand what legends are? (Associations)
Connect the words. Name the topic of our lesson. (Keepers of tradition in the religions of the world)
We will also get to know their role in religion.
New material.
Let's find out when the keepers of legends appeared.
Work from the textbook p. 22 (Reading the introductory article)
Brief conversation.
When did the keepers of legends appear?
What do they store?
Who are the priests?
Do you know who the Druids are? Teacher's story about the Druids.
Do you think all religions have guardians?
Work in groups.(Each of the two groups is given cards with names, the children take one at a time, match the names related to a particular religion, thereby forming groups: Tipitaka
Torah
Bible
Allah
stupas
Tanakh
icon
hadiths
Gautama
Messiah
liturgy
Muhammad
Pali
tablets
gospel
Group assignments. Group work plan.
- Read the textbook article that matches the name of your community?
- Identify the tradition keepers of the religion and prepare a story about them.
- Create a slide. (Define the meaning of the concept, choose a picture of the holy book and the keeper of the tradition)
- Discuss the question: What would change if there were no guardians of religion. Write down your thoughts. (4-5 sentences)
Independent work of students
Group presentation with slide presentation.
Questions for groups:
1g. Which subjects did you guess? What is this rabbi?
2 gr. Make a “pyramid” that forms a hierarchy.
3gr. Who are the Hafiz?
4g .What are the characteristics of the Buddhist Sangha?
Everyone . In your opinion, what unites the keepers of traditions of different religions?
Peer review.
Lesson summary.
How do you think. Why are there guardians of tradition in all religions and what is common in the activities of clergy, except for observing traditions and rituals?
Reflection
CONTINUE
Today I met...
The most interesting thing was.....
I do not understand.....
I would also like to know.....
Homework.
Everyone: Tell your loved ones about the keepers of traditions in religions. Find out what your family would like to preserve for posterity.
Optional: Make a crossword puzzle
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