Why acne vulgaris cannot be treated on its own. Acne, acne vulgaris, acne: causes, treatment in Volgograd

Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory process characterized by inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The main cause of the pathology is staphylococci. Most often, an unpleasant phenomenon develops on the skin of adolescents from 10 to 19 years old (during puberty). Guys have a more severe course than females.

Varieties of acne

Pathology can be both inflammatory and non-inflammatory. Its course depends on the activity and role of bacteria in inflammation. There is a mild, moderate and severe phase of the disease. Acne vulgaris themselves are divided into the following types:

• Comedones. They are non-infectious in nature and are fatty plugs that clog the pores of the follicles. They can be black (if dirt and dust gets on the surface) and white. White subcutaneous pimples on the forehead are easily palpable, their diameter varies from one to three millimeters. Black comedones have the same appearance, only with a black head.
• Papules are acne that occurs during the inflammatory process when fatty acids irritate the follicle walls.
• Pustules begin when there is inflammation within the hair follicle
• When fatty acids enter the tissues or the follicle ruptures and the inflammatory process begins, nodules and cysts are formed.
• Globular acne. This form of the disease is considered the most severe. It is often exposed to males. Symptoms: frequent abscesses, sinuses, scars on the skin. Localized on the back, chest, limbs, head and buttocks.
• Acne is fulminant. These are abruptly formed acne, with them abscesses often merge into one affected area. Symptoms of the disease are manifested in the occurrence of soft tissue edema, joint pain and leukocytosis.
• Pyoderma. Pathology most often affects women, characterized by rosacea on the face. The disease is characterized by lesions of the cheeks, nose, forehead and chin area.

Painful sensations are caused only by cystic formations on the skin, the rest of the varieties cause only psychological suffering.

What is the difference between pustules and papules? They have a similar appearance. These are points that resemble a cone, their size varies from two to five millimeters. The accumulation of lymphocytes and neutrophils occurs in the epithelium. After the rupture of the epithelium, a pronounced inflammatory process begins in the dermis. Papules become very inflamed, but do not affect the deep layers of the skin.

The nodules are denser in consistency than papules, similar to cysts, but have a different structure. Cysts are filled with pus and can become infected and form abscesses. After this form of the disease, irregularities appear, the surface of the skin in some areas may sink. Only a specialist can diagnose the disease using laboratory tests.

Acne vulgaris and the causes of the disease

Only every fifth teenager treats the disease, the rest of the parents let everything go by themselves, believing that acne vulgaris will go away on their own. People try to mask them or squeeze the emerging pimples. Such solutions are a temporary measure that aggravates the situation.

Causes of acne vulgaris:

• Problems with the functioning of the sebaceous glands (an increase in the production of sebum or changes in its viscosity);
• Hereditary predisposition;
• The sebaceous glands atrophy;
• Hormonal imbalance.

With the beginning of the restructuring of the body for puberty, the child's body changes: the production of the sex glands increases, the condition of the skin changes, the glands secrete more sebum. Fat changes its viscosity, clogging of pores occurs, followed by inflammation. The skin is "decorated" with acne vulgaris.

They can be caused by a number of other reasons:

• Unbalanced diet;
• Constant stress;
• Increased sweating;
• Acne can cause premenstrual syndrome in women.

Acne treatment

Remember that acne leads to boils if left untreated. There are two directions for treatment:

1. Internal (treatment with drugs).
2. External (ointments, skin care procedures, treatment with special devices).

Often, facial acne vulgaris are signs of other diseases of the body (failure in the endocrine system, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract). Before starting treatment, you should be examined by a gynecologist, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist. If other diseases are identified, then an integrated approach is needed. The main goal of treatment is to normalize the patient's sebum production. For this, it is recommended to treat the skin with drying cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Nutrition for acne vulgaris

Doctors recommend revising your diet. Good reviews from cured patients about vegetarianism. It quickly brings the skin back to normal. It is best to eat something that has a positive effect on the work of the digestive tract. These are herbs added to dishes; porridge; fruits and vegetables.

Therapeutic methods

The most commonly used methods for the treatment of pathology:

• Skin cleansing. This technique works well when the patient has a mild stage of the disease.
• Herbal tinctures. Treats acne calendula, celandine, chamomile. They have a strong bactericidal effect.
• Physiotherapy treatment. These procedures are performed only by a doctor. The patient is prescribed quartz radiation, autohemotherapy and other methods of treatment.
• Antibiotic course. It is used in the severe stage of the disease, when it becomes chronic. These are ointments, creams, pills and even injections.
• A course of procedures with a beautician. This is laser treatment, peeling, skin cleansing.
• Volumizing the face in the salon helps a lot.
• An erbium laser can help in a more gentle way.

Monotherapy

If the patient has a mild illness, then treatment is aimed at eliminating comedones. If pustules or papules have formed, then the doctor prescribes the use of antibiotics, tretinoin, peroxide. Course: from 6 weeks until the symptoms disappear completely. Comedones are treated with tretinoin with increasing concentration. If you are allergic to it, treatment with tazarotene, agents with azelaic, salicylic acid, propylene glycol is used.

Antibiotics

With an average severity of the disease, the doctor prescribes tetracycline, minocycline. Course: 3 months. The dose of medication is gradually reduced. If the disease is complicated or poorly treated, then an increase in the dosage of the drug is possible. To avoid relapses, prophylaxis with drugs should be carried out.

Be aware of side effects before using antibiotics. The patient may be disturbed by the violation of the stool and the work of the gastrointestinal tract. And the use of antibiotics for long-term treatment provokes thrush in female representatives. If the patient has a severe inflammatory process, but it is necessary to refuse antibiotics, then doctors recommend using isotretinoin. It is used once a day for 4-5 weeks, if the drug is poorly tolerated, then the dose of the drug is reduced.

Traditional methods of treatment

Treatment with such remedies for acne vulgaris can be done at home using plant materials. For lotions, rubbing and masks, decoctions from calendula, aloe juice, extracts from St. John's wort, birch leaves and other plants are well suited.

Treatment with decoctions of plants

To prepare according to these recipes, take 500 grams of boiling water, 4 teaspoons of plant materials, insist for an hour, filter. We apply a decoction to clean, fat-free skin, using cotton pads, gauze. Application to the skin is done with gentle movements. They should not injure the skin and remove acne vulgaris.

Lotions with aloe juice, decoction of marshmallow roots, infusion of celandine are recommended. We take a napkin soaked in broth (juice) and hold it on the skin for about half an hour. If the napkin dries quickly, then it must be moistened from time to time.

Compresses

This procedure is carried out once a day. If you are the owner of oily skin, then the procedure is done with hot compresses. If the skin is dry, then the compresses should be kept warm so as not to irritate the damaged skin. Compresses are made on the basis of celandine, liquid honey or ammonia. Ammonium is diluted in the proportion of three drops per 250 grams of water.

Baths

Warm steam baths help to open the pores. They are done no more than once every 7 days. For them, herbs with essential oils are used, which have a disinfecting and disinfecting effect. Before the procedure, we thoroughly cleanse the face without using coarse peels and scrubs.

• We take a wide container with a volume of at least half a liter. We put plant materials on its bottom, fill it with boiling water and let it brew for 10 minutes.
• Hot steam should not be used, so the patient will avoid damage to the skin.
• The recommended water temperature is about 43 degrees.
• We bend over the water and cover our head with a towel on top. If the skin is dry, then it will steam out in 10 minutes. If oily, it will take 20 minutes.
• Don't lean too low in hot water. The optimal distance between water and a person's face is 20-30 cm.
• Do not rub your face when the procedure is over. Just blot it with a clean towel or paper (tissue) napkin.

Yeast mask

Acne vulgaris is afraid of yeast masks. But this technique does not bring quick results. The course should be at least 20 procedures. We take 2 teaspoons of yeast, fill it with warm water and stir until mushy. Apply on face for 20-25 minutes, rinse it off with warm water.

Body-based mask

For white, black and inflamed acne vulgaris, a body mask is used. We mix bodyagu with water until gruel. Apply on inflamed areas for 7-10 minutes. If the skin burns too much, then this treatment is not suitable for you due to the increased sensitivity of the skin.

Infusion on walnut leaves

We take walnut leaves and fill them with vodka. The proportions are 1 to 10. We insist for several hours, moisten the gauze and apply it to the diseased areas of the skin. The method works well for acne vulgaris on the back.

Both sexes equally suffer from such an unpleasant phenomenon as acne. More often than others, the problem pesters adolescents, worsening their appearance, reflecting on their mood, and causing stiffness.

Any type of rash on the body is not just an age-related nuisance, but a dermatological disease. The disease requires treatment, but first, it is useful to understand what acne vulgaris is. They are considered one of the most severe types and are often mistaken for common acne.

In Latin, the ailment is called Acne vulgaris, is a chronic disease of the human skin, often at the stage of puberty (puberty). Almost all of the skin is covered with barely visible hair, although in some places it is clearly visible. A network of sebaceous glands is located under the skin, it is called subcutaneous fatty tissue. It contains hair follicles, in which a hair shaft is formed, which emerges on the surface of the epidermis (upper skin layer).

When the work of the glands is disrupted, their ducts become clogged, sebum accumulates and follicles are compacted, which leads to purulent inflammation, provoking the appearance of a skin disorder. In addition, the following aspects are called the causes of the inflammatory disease of the epidermis:

• Fat imbalance due to hormonal changes
• a hereditary predisposition to acne
• genetically determined pathologies of the endocrine system
• instability of a psychological or emotional state, stress
• gynecological and androgenic disorders

In fact, there are many more reasons. In adolescence, pimples are the result of a thickening of the secretion produced by the sebaceous glands. The thick sebum clogs the ducts, forming plugs that form the heads of acne vulgaris. In this case, the pores on the surface of the skin are clogged with a dead layer of the epithelium.

If a teenager's body, weakened by the maturation process, is exposed to a bacterial attack, Acne vulgaris appears, the symptoms of which differ in appearance and degree of inflammation.

Non inflammatory acne

Inflammatory rash

The attachment of a bacterial infection to the already existing comedones gives rise to the inflammatory process. In this case, acne vulgaris becomes an inflamed lesion that has different names.

Papules	Their appearance is associated with the production of fatty acids at the site of inflammation, which leads to irritation of the follicle wall. This is a superficial inflammation.
Pustules	They appear when a bacterial infection is attached to papular inflammation. The result is the onset of a purulent process, especially after squeezing out the red cone-shaped points
Nodules	The formation is formed after violation of the integrity of the pustule surface. Tissue rupture can be caused by mechanical damage or fatty acids entering the bloodstream.
Acne vulgaris	The problem of acne is faced by adolescents during puberty. Acne, including acne vulgaris, is considered the result of poor hygiene or poor nutrition. This results in constant inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
Round eels	The appearance of globular acne indicates a staphylococcal infection. The disease leads to the formation of knotty bulges on the lateral surfaces of the neck, as well as the back, sometimes cheeks. After the treatment of the nodes, scars remain. A frequent site of localization is the back and chest, rarely on the head
Cysts	Inflammatory reaction of the highest stage, accompanied by a particular soreness of acne
Acne fulminant	They arise suddenly, are characterized by merging abscesses, which ends in hemorrhagic necrosis. Acne rosacea in the center of the face, as a consequence of fulminant acne, can lead to pyoderma
Acne medicated	This is a type of allergy to the action of drugs, the ailment manifests itself as red spots or abscesses

Features of the course of the disease

Clinical manifestations are quite varied. The inflammatory process usually affects those areas of the epidermis where there are large accumulations of glands. Acne vulgaris most often inseminates the face, chest and back.

• If at the initial stage the infiltrate looks like a small reddish nodule, then when the inflammation intensifies due to the addition of a bacterial infection, the pimple increases in size, and pus accumulates at its top
• A few days later, a spontaneous opening of the pustular capsule occurs with the release of pus to the outside.
• The top of the wound is covered with a drying crust, after which a scar may remain.

First, Acne vulgari should be differentiated from seborrheic pathologies, drug-induced acne. Sometimes, due to the mild severity of the disease, it is confused with the physiological state that accompanies age-related changes in the body. They turn to a dermatologist for help only in the most severe cases, but therapy should be done at any degree of its manifestation.

With deep suppuration of the skin, when the process affects the subcutaneous fatty tissue, abscesses may begin. The disease progresses with large purulent foci formed by pimples merging with each other. The disease turns into a kind of chronic process, and comedones can become necrotic acne, leaving traces of smallpox scars.

Treatment principles

The treatment of the disease is carried out by a dermatologist, who must prescribe an examination to determine the type of acne. To determine the cause of the development of pathology, as well as to make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to analyze the bacterial flora, study the hormonal map, biochemical blood test, ultrasound diagnostics of internal organs.

Before treating acne vulgaris, it is important to understand some rules of conduct:

• Be sure to be examined by specialists: endocrinologist, dermatologist, gynecologist, which will help healing
• Correct the hormonal background so that new formations do not appear, and the condition stabilizes
• Undergo a gentle epidermis cleansing procedure in a cosmetology clinic
• Take medications prescribed by a specialist, use cosmetic complexes and medicines
• Balance the daily diet, consume a minimum of sugar, replace complex carbohydrates with plant fiber, and give up carcinogenic foods

It is dangerous to remove any rash on the skin on your own. The way to get rid of any type of comedone depends on the severity of the disease. The main goal of therapy is to reduce the production of sebum in order to slow down the spread of infection.

Treatment for acne vulgaris

In the pharmacy network there is a wide selection of remedies for acne, but not any drug will alleviate the condition in each case. It is more correct to entrust the treatment to a specialist dermatologist or cosmetologist. The doctor, depending on the severity of the disease, prescribes methods of external skin care in conjunction with the internal administration of drugs for a complicated form of the disease.

1. The group of retinoids includes drugs derived from vitamin A. The use of retinoic acid stops follicular hyperkeratosis, preventing the formation of plugs in the skin pores. Means that reduce the manifestations of infection are produced in the form of gels, lotions, creams
2. Preparations with azelaic acid in the composition demonstrate an antibacterial effect, promote exfoliation of dead cells of the epidermis. Prescribing creams and gels with azelaic acid that relieve irritation are guided by skin type.
3. Medicines based on salicylic acid in various concentrations are also intended for external use. But the effect of salicylic acid on the affected skin turns into redness and peeling of the integument, pigment spots may appear

With hormonal disorders, contraceptive pills cannot be dispensed with; they are prescribed to women with severe inflammation of acne before menstruation. External cleansing of the skin is performed with milk, foams, gel.

If a certain pathology has become the cause of acne vulgaris, it is treated according to the scheme prescribed by a specialist of the appropriate profile.

Antibiotic connection

Antibiotic treatment is not always advisable because acne vulgaris does not necessarily have an infection. In the course of local therapy, antibacterial drugs, if necessary, are combined with retinoids, as well as with benzene peroxide, which has an anti-inflammatory and exfoliating effect.

With a strong infection, the antibiotic is prescribed for oral administration in short courses, so as not to provoke an imbalance in the intestinal microflora.

Treatment for severe acne vulgaris?

When the problem worsens, medications containing the drug isotretinoin are prescribed. The products are intended for both external and internal use. This is the most effective drug, since the substance blocks bacterial infection, effectively relieves the inflammatory response, and prevents the production of sebum. Self-medication with medication is unacceptable, it has a number of contraindications, therefore, medical supervision is necessary.
Squeezing out acne, as well as mechanical (home) cleaning of the face is strictly prohibited in case of a complicated acne problem. Violation of the integrity of the epidermis when the comedone is squeezed out leads to the spread of infection, followed by suppuration.

The result of the rupture of the membrane of the bag with fat and the ingress of fat into the soft tissues is the spread of the purulent process in the deep layers of the dermis

What are you allowed to use?

For the treatment of acne vulgaris, you can use lotions and talkers made from decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs in consultation with your doctor. It is allowed to make masks and compresses with the addition of aloe juice, infusions of marshmallow root or celandine, honey, ammonia, but they should be applied carefully. It is important to remember that phytotherapy techniques are effective only at the initial stage of the problem.

Physiotherapy is not prohibited, if the doctor prescribes regular cleaning of the epidermis, then it should be entrusted to a professional cosmetologist. In the case of severe acne, the help of cosmetic procedures is not excluded - methods of laser therapy, chemical peeling, mesotherapy, reflexology.

An important role is given to nutrition with the inclusion of foods that stabilize the intestines, which improves the condition of the skin. The diet should be enriched with cereals, fresh vegetables and fruits, not forgetting about fermented milk products and bread products made from wholemeal flour. It is better to refuse meat, eggs, salt, sugar, so that the appearance and internal state of the body does not bring problems.

Acne vulgaris (acne vulgaris) is the result of an inflammatory process in the structures of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Common causes of the appearance of abscesses: staphylococcal infection and microtrauma on the surface of the skin.

The pathogenic agent enters the human body through the follicular orifice, after which it begins to replicate intensively, provoking a rash.

Speaking about the clinical picture of acne, mention should be made of its diversity. The inflammation usually affects those areas of the skin where there are a large number of sebaceous glands, for example, there are a lot of acne on the face, chest and back.

At the initial stage, they look like comedones or blackheads, the mouth of the hair follicle is blocked by a plug of sebum and horny masses. Later, a secondary infection joins and infiltration appears at the base of the plug.

Education becomes very painful.

Initially, eel vulgaris looks like a small red nodule. As the inflammatory process intensifies, the infiltrate will become larger, and pus will begin to accumulate at the top of the formation.

After a few days, the pustular capsule spontaneously opens, pus comes out, forming a drying crust in place of the apex. After the wound has healed, scars may remain.

If you do not treat pinpoint inflammation, then the process can spread deeper and involve nearby glands. Then a pustule with a compacted base is formed.

The causes of rosacea

acne vulgaris in the photo

This dermatological disease is considered to be quite common and occurs in a large number of inhabitants of the world. Only 20% of all sick people seek medical help from a doctor.

As a rule, patients from this number have a complicated form of skin lesions. The rest are treating acne at home, getting rid of acne with improvised means, or using pharmacy medicines without a doctor's prescription.

In newborns and children, whose age has not yet reached the age of 12, acne vulgaris is extremely rare.

The likelihood of contracting this dermatological ailment increases when boys and girls enter puberty. At risk are children aged 14-16 and young people leading an active lifestyle, whose sebaceous glands are in intensive work every day with the release of large volumes of sebum.

By themselves, acne vulgaris resembles a large accumulation of inflamed acne, inside which there is a pustule with purulent contents. Due to the weakened local immunity inside the affected skin areas, the presence of a bacterial infection is often diagnosed, which only aggravates the course of the inflammatory process.

The reasons for the appearance of acne vulgaris in a completely healthy person may be the presence of one or several negative factors at once. They can be as follows:

It is no coincidence that rashes appear at the age of 15-24 years. The period of puberty is characterized by "hormonal storms", intensive growth of the body, restructuring of all systems. It is not surprising that all glitches are reflected in the skin.

The main causes of acne and blackheads are:

• increased activity of the sebaceous glands, excess sebum;
• blockage of the sebaceous ducts, inflammation of the hair follicles;
• the activity of propionobacteria in case of imbalance in the body;
• hereditary predisposition (type of secretion of the sebaceous glands);
• poor skin hygiene;
• excess of cosmetics (foundation, powder, fat cream) that clog the skin ducts;
• frequent touching of the face with unwashed hands;
• follicular hyperkeratosis.

Provoking factors in girls:

• increased levels of male sex hormones;
• violation of the menstrual cycle after taking anabolic hormones;
• hypersensitivity of the sebaceous glands, hair follicles to androgens.

Find out all about hemangioma in newborns on our website. How to get rid of oily skin on the face? This article has the answer!

The initial stage of acne is comedones, or so-called blackheads. The mouth of the hair follicle is closed by a plug formed by the secretions of the sebaceous glands and particles of the keratinized upper layer of the epidermis.

The next stage in the development of the disease is the addition of a secondary infection. At the base of the sebaceous plug, an infiltrative process begins.

The inflamed area becomes painful.

So, why do acne on the face appear, and what causes acne to form in the skin pores, and then acne in their place? What does acne on the face mean for the body and what processes are they associated with? Acne with two main processes:

1. Strengthening the function of the sebaceous glands around the hair follicles –
   as a result, the volume of sebum increases, which is formed by the sebaceous glands and is removed to the surface of the skin. This usually happens during puberty against the background of hormonal changes - an increase in the production of androgens (both in young people and girls).
2. An increase in the number of desquamated cells in the lumen of the follicle –
   hair follicles are covered from the inside with a layer of epithelial cells. Gradually, cells die off and are replaced by new ones. However, with keratosis of the epithelium (i.e., in violation of the process of keratinization of epithelial cells), there is a sharp increase in the number of desquamated epithelial cells in the lumen of the hair follicle.

The increase in sebum production and the number of desquamated cells leads to the formation of plugs (acne). At the same time, the sebaceous glands still secrete sebum, but which can no longer come to the surface of the skin (Scheme 10b).

Therefore, sebum accumulates in the lumen of the hair follicle, thereby stretching its walls. Sebum and confined spaces are excellent conditions for bacteria to thrive.

As a result, either a papule or a pustule develops in the space bounded by the walls of the hair follicle.

What factors exacerbate the appearance of acne -

Increased hormone production in adolescents and keratosis of the epithelium of hair follicles are not the only factors that can affect the development of acne. The reasons for the appearance of acne on the face can be hidden in the details. Acne development is promoted by:

• Using oily cosmetics –
  Some cosmetics and skin care products, like sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands, can clog your pores. This will be the case in cases where such products are made on a fat basis. Any cosmetics for you should be only water-based.

• Birth control pills and hormonal changes –
  some birth control pills can cause acne. This is typical for preparations containing pure progesterone. Also, in the premenstrual period, hormonal changes occur, and therefore you can regularly observe the deterioration of your acne once a month.

• Medicines –
  drugs such as prednisone, steroid hormones, drugs with lithium, anticonvulsants, iodides, bromides can stimulate the appearance of acne.

• Active sweating –
  many people sweat frequently. This may be due to increased physical exertion, stress, simply due to physiology or working conditions. Keep in mind that increased sweating also contributes to acne. Therefore, such people need to take even more careful care of their skin.

Types of acne

There are the following types of acne:

There is also deep subcutaneous acne that affects the lower layers of the skin. It is more difficult to heal and leaves behind scars or scars.

Acne forms and stages of development

Therapy for vulgar acne should be based on the principle of individual selection of a treatment course for each patient separately. In general, the treatment consists of the following stages, the observance of which is mandatory in order for the drug removal of acne to be successful:

1. Providing normal nutrition to the hair follicle. For this, the patient is prescribed a premium of vitamin-mineral complexes containing in their composition a sufficient amount of useful substances that can ensure the normal development of the hairline and hair roots.
2. Antibacterial therapy. During the diagnostic examination, the type of bacterial microflora that is present on the surface of the skin affected by acne vulgaris is determined. In case of detection of pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotics are prescribed, to which the infectious pathogen does not have a stable natural immunity. The antibacterial drug is selected on an individual basis.
3. Anti-inflammatory treatments. To achieve an anti-inflammatory effect, external agents are used in the form of Zovirax ointments, Salicylic-zinc, 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, Chlorhexidine. Ointments are applied in the morning and in the evening to the affected area of ​​the skin. The drug is evenly distributed over the surface of acne vulgaris, so that all inflamed areas of the epidermal tissues are evenly covered. Hydrogen peroxide used to wipe the skin. Antiseptic treatment with this medicine is performed once a day.
4. Washing your face. In this case, we are talking about using antibacterial and anti-inflammatory tar soap, making baths of chamomile broths and washing the skin during water procedures.

If necessary, the attending dermatologist may prescribe the use of cosmetic masks with the addition of essential oils of medicinal plants and other components to their composition, which will help improve the health of the affected skin areas and accelerate the patient's recovery.

Like any disease, acne comes in varying degrees of severity. Mild acne (blackheads or clogged pores) only needs to be treated with special products.

Symptoms depend on several factors.

Types of facial acne:

• inflammatory;
• non-inflammatory.

According to the degree of location on the skin, acne are:

The majority of young people suffer from non-inflammatory forms of acne. Vulgar (youthful) acne is familiar to many. The weaker the body, the more provoking factors, the more extensive the rash.

Development of juvenile acne:

• the activity of the sebaceous glands increases;
• the ducts are clogged;
• comendones appear on the skin;
• formations resemble tubercles;
• color - deep red, size - up to 5 mm, often there is an abscess in the center;
• after healing, pigmented areas remain on the skin, occasionally - shallow scars;
• at the same time the hair grows greasy, occasionally thinning of the hair is observed.

Note! The main locations of superficial acne are the face, less often the upper chest, back.

Severe forms of acne

Unfortunately, for many young people, rashes do not go away as quickly as they would like.

What do acne symptoms look like?

The appearance of acne vulgaris is characterized by a whole list of symptoms, which are extremely difficult to confuse. The first signs of acne formation on the skin are as follows:

• a small red spot appears, which has a swollen appearance with clear signs of puffiness;
• the inflamed neoplasm begins to itch, and becomes painful on palpation;
• on the 2nd day from the moment of appearance, the affected area of ​​the skin becomes elastic and more and more acquires the shape of an eel;
• inside the pimple, biological fluid begins to accumulate in the form of lymph and blood;
• as the inflammatory process develops, the pimple fills with purulent contents, swells, turns red and becomes very painful.

To prevent the transformation of acne at any stage of its development, it is necessary to use drug therapy. Correctly selected medicines will help not only eliminate unpleasant symptoms, but also speed up the process of complete cleansing of the skin from a dermatological ailment.

The disease develops gradually - first, under the influence of various environmental factors (stay in hot shops, in the sun), skin vasodilation appears, which disappears after the action of the unfavorable factor ceases.

Then the vessels of the facial skin lose their elasticity, expand and red streaks, spider veins and rashes appear. Patients with acne rosacea complain of periodic hot flashes to the face.

Thus, the main symptoms are:

• redness of the face, in rare cases, redness may spread to the back and chest;

• expansion of skin vessels and the appearance of a pronounced vascular network;
• the appearance of rashes against the background of redness of the skin of the face: pink bumps (papules), when infected, pustules are formed (with purulent contents). Gradually, a papular-pustular rash spreads, the skin becomes swollen, porous, and bumpy. For rosacea, a purple-cyanotic hue is characteristic. With rosacea, there may be sensations of burning, tightening and itching of the skin.
• in the late stage of the disease - facial skin tightening;
• thickening of the skin of the nose, the appearance of a knobby formation due to hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands - rhinophyma;
• thickening of the skin of the forehead, ears and chin, deformation of the eyelids;
• eye damage - redness, dryness, foreign body sensation, pain, inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea.

In most cases, the doctor can make a diagnosis by the characteristic appearance of the patient, however, a study of the state of the vessels of the face and the microflora of the skin may be required.

Treatment of acne vulgaris: starting with the diagnosis

"Acne vulgaris" is a diagnosis, and the disease requires professional treatment with antibiotics, hormonal drugs, ointments, talkers and other substances.

To make a diagnosis, the dermatologist will send you for tests (you may need to consult a urologist, gynecologist, endocrinologist).

To make a diagnosis, you will need to be examined and set the level:

After that, the dermatologist sends for flushing from the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, as well as for flushing ("scraping") of the affected skin. This is necessary in order to confirm or deny gram-negative folliculitis.

Drug treatment

In addition to the drug approach to the treatment of acne vulgaris, a dermatologist can prescribe cosmetic procedures, scrubs, masks, peels.

Only a dermatologist can know how to get rid of acne vulgaris, so if you suspect a skin problem, quickly go to the hospital, because the initial stage is much easier to cure. The doctor can suggest both local treatment and the use of medications.

Local therapy is used only in the case of mild to moderate acne lesions. A specialist may prescribe an ointment for acne vulgaris, lotion, creams, and other remedies for acne on the face. Vidal's milk helps to cope well with acne.

Such agents most often include the following components: Retinoids or a vitamin A derivative. Helps to reduce swelling, flushing and reduces the formation of comedones and rosacea.

Azelaic acid - acts as an antibacterial agent and relieves inflammation. Azithromycin or Erythromycin is an antibiotic used for inflammatory acne.

Benzene peroxide - in addition to relieving inflammation, exfoliates dead skin well. With local treatment, the doctor often prescribes a combination therapy, which also includes medications.

General drug treatment occurs in severe advanced cases, and the following drugs are used: Antibacterial agents. The course and duration of treatment is selected only by the attending physician.

They contribute to the destruction of the pathogen, reduce inflammation. There should be no uncontrolled reception.

Contraceptives - before taking you should visit a gynecologist, are prescribed for hormonal disorders. Isotretinoin - reduces sebum production, relieves inflammation and fights bacteria.

Acne vulgaris treatment, which is not easy, requires patience and effort. In addition to the drug approach, a dermatologist can prescribe cosmetic procedures, masks for acne (black acne mask is very popular and effective), gentle peeling to remove acne from the face.

Homemade face masks and creams can get rid of acne

To get rid of acne permanently, home treatment is one of the most effective ways.

The main methods used at home: Compress with viburnum juice. Using a blender, grind a small amount of berries, squeeze the juice out of them.

In the resulting liquid, moisten a small towel or piece of gauze and apply to the inflamed areas for 15 minutes. Aloe compress is a good acne remedy.

Thanks to its properties, pus from acne can be completely removed, even from the deepest comedones. To have an effect, carry out the procedure daily for a month.

For daily use by teenagers, propolis infusion is suitable. Wipe your face at night and wash your face during the day.

This method will reduce the production of fat and reduce inflammation. A very oily face can be rubbed twice a day with a slice of lemon.

It dries out the skin and relieves inflammation.

How to get rid of acne with salicylic acid, read the article. The main methods of dealing with acne on the forehead are described in the article.

Herbal tinctures will also help: Chamomile, an infusion from which it is easy to prepare at home. For this you will need 1 tsp.

l flowers and a glass of hot water, let it brew for half an hour. Next, strain and moisten with gauze, wipe the affected areas, if acne is on the body, you can take chamomile baths.

Dandelion infusion. Cook in the same way as in the previous recipe.

After cooking, strain and take a third of a glass internally three times a day before meals.

In the photo: a map of the formation of acne and its causes

In combination, the treatment will be more effective and faster. Listen to your doctor's recommendations and do not run your health.

The diet prescribes taking care of the cells and tissues of your body, avoiding dairy, fatty, store-bought smoked meats, sweets, confectionery (especially those created on an industrial scale in factories and factories).

We'll have to give up alcoholic beverages, "artificial" store juices.

It has been proven that fatty foods create a favorable environment for the development of acne vulgaris: sausage, ham, meat, store-bought smoked meats (therefore, they will also have to be abandoned).

The diet should include fresh vegetables and fruits, low-fat foods, cereals (semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat), cereals. The duration is the same as for the treatment.

Be careful with oatmeal, too much oatmeal can cause a large number of red spots on the forehead, cheeks, neck and other areas of the skin.

The selection of therapy and treatment for acne depends on:

• the depth of the location of the abscesses;
• the nature of acne;
• the presence or absence of an inflammatory process.

The choice of treatment methods is influenced by:

• reasons provoking factors that caused acne;
• the severity of damage to various layers of the skin;
• activity of the sebaceous glands.

Important! Sebum production cannot be controlled by external agents alone. Ointments, creams, masks only temporarily reduce the fat content of the epidermis.

Combination therapy is effective. Treatment result:

Cosmetologists call this form "problem skin". The nature of the skin lesion is superficial, the course of the disease is mild. It is observed mainly in adolescents. The main focus is on local funds.

How to get rid of acne? Effective drugs:

• Azelaic acid;
• Tretinoin;
• Adapalen;
• Boric acid ;
• products that contain sulfur;
• salicylic acid preparations;
• Isotretinoin;
• Retinol palmitate.

Note. Tretinoin and azelaic acid received the largest number of positive reviews.

If you are intolerant to the first drug, use azelaic acid. It does not cause side effects in most patients.

The course of treatment is at least three to four months to achieve a stable remission.

Treatment for acne vulgaris should be built depending on the cause of the problem and the severity of the disease. For mild acne, your doctor may prescribe medications containing ichthyol, sulfur, or lemon juice.

For oily skin, adolescents can use lotions Oxy-5, Clerasil, Cleaskin. These agents have a bacteriostatic effect, cleanse pores from comedones and dry them.

Skinoren cream also showed effectiveness. It contains azelaic acid.

It inhibits bacterial growth and reduces free fatty acids in hair follicles, helping to reduce inflammation. Some dermatologists recommend treating mild acne with topical antibiotics such as erythromycin or tetracycline.

Remedies for acne on the face -

Treatment of acne with medicinal herbs, home methods will complement the use of medications. Most folk remedies have no contraindications. Choose several recipes, check with your doctor if they are right for you.

Proven recipes:

• decoction with the rhizome of the burnet. A tablespoon of raw materials, half a liter of water, cook for 10 minutes. Use daily for wet-dry dressings;
• infusion of celandine leaves. Take 2 tbsp. l. vegetable raw materials, 3 glasses of purified water, boil for 3-5 minutes. After 8 hours, the lotion is ready;
• rowan fruit juice. Mash fresh berries, extract the juice. Moisten gauze, napkin, apply to face for a quarter of an hour. Make compresses every other day. Course - 20 procedures;
• decoction of chamomile. A universal anti-inflammatory agent. A tablespoon of flowers, half a liter of boiling water. Boil, leave for 30 minutes. Wipe the affected area with a cotton swab;
• infusion of raspberries. Pour boiling water over the dried berries. Proportions 1:10. Wait half an hour, strain. Apply 15-minute compresses daily, after 10 days - three times a week;
• cabbage juice. Perfectly relieves inflammation. Chop the cabbage, squeeze out the juice. Keep the lotions on your face for a quarter of an hour. Number of procedures - 20, interval - every other day;
• wet-drying dressings with calendula tincture. Dilute the pharmacy composition - a teaspoon in a glass of water. The duration of the procedure is half an hour;
• yeast mask. Mash fresh yeast with water or chamomile tea. Keep the mass on your face for no more than twenty minutes. Do the mask twice a week. (You can also find out about other remedies for acne on our website. For example, about laundry soap for acne is written here, and about zinc ointment in this article).

Advice! Perform treatments regularly. The effect will definitely appear.

How to remove acne from the face quickly and without complications? The most difficult thing here is to choose the right drug or combination of drugs, to choose the treatment regimen.

Only a dermatologist (sometimes a cosmetologist) can professionally treat acne on the face. Unfortunately, in most cases, people seek the advice of a specialist late, and this leads to complications - the appearance of superficial scars and age spots that form during the healing of deep acne and cysts.

Acne treatment will be different in the following situations -

• when you have both acne and pimples at the same time,
• when there is only acne,
• with cystic acne (i.e. when there are large purulent cavities).

How to get rid of acne quickly: a diagram compiled by a dermatologist

Below we will look at all the types of drugs that are indicated in this scheme.

1. Benzoyl peroxide -

This is the best acne remedy. We can say - the gold standard of therapy.

Benzoyl peroxide is a bactericidal agent that kills bacteria that lead to the formation of pus inside hair follicles. In addition, benzoyl peroxide has a slight exfoliating effect, which will also help loosen pores.

Benzoyl peroxide can be found in gels, lotions, or creams at a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 10%. It is optimal to use a concentration of 2.5% for the first month, and then use 5% funds.

For dry skin, forms in the form of creams are more suitable, for oily skin - in the form of gels. Lotions are suitable for all skin types.

Monocomponent preparations of benzoyl peroxide are extremely high-quality products made in the USA: Persa-gel 10, Proactive, Desquam, Proderm-cream, in addition, there are cool products under the brands - Neutrogena and Mary Kay.

French production - Eklaran cream, Baziron gel. And also Benzakne-gel (Poland), Benzoyl Peroxide Gel (India), Oxygel (India).

Combinations of benzoyl peroxide — there are drugs where benzoyl peroxide is combined with an antibiotic or retinoid. Examples of combination drugs:

They are used in the following situations –1) If you have only acne (no acne), and you have undergone a course of treatment with pure benzoyl peroxide, but the effect was not sufficient.

In this case, you need benzoyl peroxide + antibiotic. 2) If you have a mixed form of the disease (acne + pimples) or cystic acne, you need the drug "benzoyl peroxide + retinoid".

Scheme of application - the drug is applied 1-2 times a day only to areas of the skin prone to inflammation. Before each treatment, cleanse your face with only mild cleansers (such as Dove or Neutrogena).

The effect of the drug will be noticeable within 5-6 days. But for that.

to achieve lasting improvement, you will need to complete a full 6 week course of treatment.

Potential Side Effects - Be aware that itching, burning sensation, dryness, tension, redness or flaking of the skin are possible after application. But usually these effects are not pronounced.

And at the end of the application - they immediately pass. If you use the drug during an active sunny period, be sure to use a sunscreen, because Benzoyl peroxide makes the skin more sensitive to sunlight.

2. Retinoids -

Preparations of the Retinoid group are prescribed when there is only acne, with a mixed form of "acne + pimples", as well as with cystic acne. Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives.

They help to remove blackheads and pores, as well as prevent their appearance. Retinoids also have an exfoliating effect, removing dead skin cells.

Examples of monocomponent retinoids -

• Retin-A (Fig. 15), Lokatsid, Ayrol - contain Tretinoin,
• Differin (Fig. 16), Klenzit, Deriva - contain Adapalen,
• Tazret-gel, Zorak - contain Tazarotene.

Examples of combined retinoids are for acne + acne and cystic acne. In these forms of the disease, such drugs will be much more effective than monocomponent drugs. Examples of drugs:

• "Epiduo" (Fig. 17) - contains adapalene + benzoyl peroxide,
• "Deriva-S", "Klenzit-S" - contain adapalene together with the antibiotic clindamycin,
• "Isotrexin" - contains the retinoid Isotretinoin + the antibiotic erythromycin.

How to treat acne on the face with retinoids - a drug with a retinoid should be applied once a day before bedtime. The full course of treatment will be at least 3 months, but a noticeable result will be visible in 6-7 weeks.

To make the skin get used to it and not get very irritated, start using the drug 3 times a week. Change to daily use after 1-2 weeks.

Before applying the retinoid, wash your face with a mild cleanser. Forms of retinoids in the form of lotions will be the most effective, in the form of creams - the least.

3. Antibacterial drugs -

How to treat acne on your face with antibiotics? In most cases, antibiotics for acne are prescribed only topically (as part of gels and creams). The use of antibiotics in the form of ointments is strictly prohibited, since the fatty components of the ointments will clog the pores and aggravate acne.

• Tableted oral antibiotics –
  antibiotics in tablets are prescribed immediately (as basic therapy) only for cystic acne. For acne + pimples and only for acne - oral antibiotics are prescribed only when the use of basic drugs has not been successful.

4. Azelaic acid -

Azelaic acid is commonly used as an alternative to benzoyl peroxide. has less irritating effect. This acid has both antibacterial effect and the effect of exfoliating the surface dead skin cells.

Examples of drugs: Skinoren (Germany), Azogel (Russia), Acne-derma (Poland).

Application features - gels with azelaic acid are applied 2 times a day. The minimum course of treatment will be 1 month (this is the time during which you will see the desired effect), the standard course of application is 3 months.

Unlike benzoyl peroxide, this drug can be used in active sun and without the use of sunscreens, because Azelaic acid does not increase the skin's sensitivity to the sun.

In cystic acne, azelaic acid has the effect of preventing the appearance of post-inflammatory skin pigmentation.

4. Isotretinoin -

Acne on the face how to get rid of the most severe forms of this disease? For this, there are systemic retinoids, for example, Isotretinoin. It is taken orally in the form of capsules.

Isotretinoin analogues are Aknekutan (Fig. 20), Aknetin and Roaccutane.

This group of drugs is used exclusively for the treatment of cystic acne. The drug has impressive efficacy, but it has many side effects.

The course of the disease and complications of rosacea

The course of the disease is wave-like: the manifestations may disappear for a while, and then rosacea (rosacea) appears again. Exacerbation can cause hypothermia and overheating of the skin, prolonged exposure to the wind, the sun, the use of hot foods, and emotional outbursts.

Gradually, the duration of remission is reduced, and exacerbations become more frequent.

Rosacea (rosacea) progresses and passes into severe stages that are difficult to treat, complications appear. Rosacea cause eye diseases - keratitis, chalazion, blepharitis, which lead to visual impairment.

Rhinophyma, which is also a complication, disfigures the appearance and sometimes surgical intervention is required to get rid of this deficiency.

In this regard, when an ailment appears, it is necessary to consult a dermatologist in order to prevent the progression of the disease in a timely manner. Acne rosacea, the symptoms of which are varied, do not go away on their own.

Treatment should be comprehensive, it depends on the stage of the disease and is selected individually.

Prevention of rosacea

For the prevention of the disease, dermatologists recommend protecting the skin of the face from excess insolation in the summer, from frost in the winter, since radiation, overheating and hypothermia contribute to the appearance of rosacea (rosacea).

The elimination of occupational hazards (work on construction, in hot shops and at the stove) is of great importance in the prevention of this disease.

The use of modern techniques, drug treatment, recipes of traditional medicine allows you to gradually get rid of pustular rashes of any severity. The process is long, the success of the treatment depends on many factors.

No two cases are alike, each patient requires an individual approach. Sometimes the rash persists on the skin for several years.

With a mild form, it is possible to get rid of acne vulgaris in 2-3 months. Many suffer from acne before the end of puberty.

The therapy is designed to:

• reduce the manifestations of the disease;
• reduce the number of rashes;
• return (as far as possible) a pleasant appearance to the skin.

Stick to the rules:

• strengthen the immune system;
• eat right;
• carefully monitor the hygiene of the face and body;
• avoid stressful situations;
• touch your face less with your hands;
• observe the daily routine.

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Acne (acne, acne vulgaris, acne vulgaris, and in the people just pimples) is a chronic recurrent disease in which the sebaceous glands and hair follicles are affected. Acne affects about 80% of the population aged 12 to 25 years. Acne appears in childhood, adolescence, adolescence, and later life, but acne most often appears during puberty between the ages of 14 and 16 in men. 30% of them need serious and long-term treatment by specialists.

The skin is affected in those areas where there are a large number of sebaceous glands - the face, back and chest. Acne on the face makes a person's appearance unattractive. After they heal, scars remain. All this causes anxiety and depression in adolescents, and lowers self-esteem. They often have no friends and young people struggle to find work. Acne is more often exacerbated in the autumn-winter period.

Rice. 1. Acne on the face.

Acne causes

Propionobacterium acne ( Propionibacterium acne), epidermal staphylococci ( Staphylococcus epidermidis), pityrosporum oval and orbital ( Pityrosporum ovale and orbiculare) constantly live on the skin of the face. Propionobacteria produce lipase and increase desquamation of the epithelium of the hair follicle orifices, which leads to their blockage.

Many factors contribute to the development of acne:

• One of the reasons for the appearance of acne on the face is the "hormonal surge" in adolescents. Hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands are hypersensitive to androgens. Under their influence, the sebaceous gland begins to produce and secrete an increased amount of sebum.
• The increased amount of male sex hormones can be hereditary. Hereditary predisposition consists in an inadequate response of the sebaceous glands to an increased level of androgenic (male) hormones in the blood.
• Severe acne occurs in men with the XYY karyotype (tall, mildly mentally retarded, and aggressive behavior).
• Promotes the development of acne seborrhea.
• Eating a large amount of carbohydrates and diabetes mellitus create favorable conditions for the development of infection (carbohydrates are a good breeding ground for pyogenic microbes).
• Inconsistency of the thermoregulatory system of the body.
• Long-term use of corticosteroids.
• Prolonged stress and depression.
• Petroleum products, lubricating oils and dioxin, when in contact with the skin, can cause acne.
• Acne is provoked by the use of oral contraceptives, preparations containing bromine, phenytoin, lithium salts.
• Prolonged squeezing of the skin or friction leads to mechanical closure of the follicle ducts and the development of acne.

Rice. 2. In the photo, the structure of the hair follicle. The sebaceous gland is indicated in yellow.

How does acne appear?

Pimples on the skin of the face, chest and back appear in areas where a large number of sebaceous glands are located. In common forms, acne appears on the skin of the shoulders and forearms. The disease can be mild (open comedones), moderate (closed comedones and papules), and severe (pustules).

Stage I: the formation of comedones

In case of disturbances in the exfoliation of the stratum corneum, retention hyperkeratosis (delayed exfoliation) develops. The mouth of the follicle is clogged with horny scales, as a result of which sebum accumulates in the follicle cavity. Microcomedone (milium) is formed, which obstructs (closes) the excretory duct of the sebaceous gland. Over time, open and closed comedones are formed - non-inflammatory elements in acne.

Rice. 3. Microcomedones are formed when sebum accumulates in the ducts of the sebaceous glands and the mouths of the follicles. They look like small hemispherical nodules of a milky color.

Rice. 4. In the photo, comedones are open in the area of ​​the external auditory canal. With open comedones, the mouths of the follicles are open. Under the influence of environmental oxygen, the fats that make up the sebum are oxidized, which gives comedones a black color.

Rice. 5. In the photo there are open comedones on the face.

Rice. 6. In the photo, comedones on the face are closed. With closed comedones, the mouths of the follicles are closed. Horny scales and sebum, having no outlet, remain under the layer of the epithelium.

Rice. 7. In the photo there are elements of acne. Mild - mild. Modtrant is of moderate severity. Severe - severe course - abundant papules and pustules, abscess formation and formation of fistulous passages.

Stage II: development of inflammation

Lack of oxygen, dead horny scales and sebum create conditions for the multiplication of propionobacteria acne - permanent representatives of the skin microflora.

• Propionobacterium acne has the ability to break down sebum and cause inflammation of the surrounding tissues, which leads to the development of papules. With the formation of large inflammatory infiltrates, an indurative form of acne develops.
• When a staphylococcal infection is attached, pustules (abscesses) and microabscesses develop - pustular, abscessing, necrotic and phlegmonous acne. These forms of acne are difficult.
• With necrotizing acne, inflammation develops deep in the follicles. Most often, acne appears on the skin of the forehead and temporal region. Pustules with hemorrhagic contents appear on their tops. After opening them, a scab forms. The disease ends with the development of a smallpox scar.
• With phlegmonous acne, the inflammatory process penetrates and develops in the subcutaneous fatty tissue. When a purulent focus is opened, thick, creamy pus is released. The course of the disease is long. Deep scars remain in place of acne.
• With the development of multiple abscesses, an infiltrate with several fistulous passages (nodular cystic acne) is formed. Extensive infiltrates leave cystic formations after healing.
• The fulminant form of acne is more often recorded in young men 14 - 17 years old and women. The disease is extremely difficult, has a malignant course. Symptoms of intoxication are significantly pronounced, symptoms of arthralgia are noted, the work of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted.

Initially, areas of the skin turn red, edema develops. After a few days, furuncle-like rashes appear on the skin. The pustules can be enormous. Foci of necrosis are formed. After healing, rough scars remain.

Rice. 8. In the photo, acne on the face (papular acne).

Rice. 9. In the photo, acne on the face. When a staphylococcal infection is attached, pustules (abscesses) and microabscesses develop - pustular and abscessing acne.

Rice. 10. On the photo pustular acne.

Rice. 11. The photo shows an indurative form of acne. The inflammatory process affects neighboring areas and penetrates deep into the tissues. The pustules are located on a dense base. Infiltrates are often extensive, their surface is bumpy. The disease leaves rough, disfiguring scars.

Rice. 12. In the photo nodular cystic acne. The nodes are more than 1 cm in diameter, are always painful, protrude deep into the dermis, often merge, forming extensive infiltrates with fistulous passages. When healing, cystic formations remain. Facial skin is most often affected.

Rice. 13. In the photo, cystic acne.

Rice. 14. In the photo, acne on the back and chest conglobata (globular). Nodules, ulcerations, cysts and abscesses are the main elements of inflammation. The diameter of the nodes reaches 1 - 4 cm. Merging, the nodes form sharply painful conglomerates. Abscesses that do not heal for a long time are often formed. Healing occurs with the formation of rough bridging scars. The skin of the trunk and chest is affected, much less often - the face. Acne conglobata occurs in men with an extra Y chromosome, less commonly in women with polycystic ovary disease.

Rice. 15. In the photo excoriated eels. The disease occurs when scratching and squeezing acne. Sometimes this condition turns into a neurosis, which is characterized by abnormal behavior.

Stage III: healing of acne

All types of youthful acne leave scars. When pustules heal, small atrophic (similar to smallpox) scars, sometimes pigmented, remain.

With the healing of spherical, abscessing and phlegmonous acne, hypertrophic, less often keloid scars, disfiguring the skin, remain.

Rice. 16. Atrophic scars form after pustular acne has healed.

Rice. 17. The chronic course of the disease often ends with the formation of scar tissue.

Rice. 18. In the photo, acne-keloid (keloid acne). In the back of the head, dense pink rashes are visible, representing an inflammation of the follicles located on the border of the smooth skin and the scalp. The disease proceeds for a long time, torpid. The affected areas become hardened over time.

Seborrhea and acne

Hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands are hypersensitive to male sex hormones. Under their influence, the sebaceous gland begins to produce and secrete an increased amount of sebum. The more sebum is secreted, the more severe the acne is. The balance between female and male sex hormones is disturbed (in the direction of increasing the latter) in the period of 14 - 25 years.

Increased production of sebum is noted with seborrhea. The seborrheic background is thick, liquid and mixed. Acne develops against the background of a thick or mixed form of oily seborrhea, which is most often recorded in adolescents, less often in boys. Mixed seborrhea appears more often on the skin of the face, dry - on the scalp. Prolonged intake of glucocorticoids, anabolic steroids, testosterone and progesterone, and failures of the autonomic nervous system contribute to the development of seborrhea.

Rice. 19. In the photo, steroid acne. The disease occurs as a result of long-term use of fluorinated and non-fluorinated corticosteroids. There are no comedones. The rashes are of the same type, disappear after the drug is discontinued.

The appearance of acne in an adult is a reason to consult an endocrinologist.

How to get rid of acne on the face at home

How to get rid of acne on your face? This question has been asked and is being asked by 9 out of 10 people in their lives. Acne (acne) occurs in 85% of adolescents and 20% of adults. They appear on the face, back and chest. Half of all women have acne on their face regularly. Acne appears in a person up to 50 years of age.

Acne is located on the skin of the face, chest and back - in the places where the largest number of sebaceous glands are located. The disease can be mild (open comedones), moderate (closed comedones and papules), and severe (pustules).

Acne is a serious condition. Only a doctor knows how to get rid of acne on the face, back and chest. However, you can do a lot yourself at home.

Conducting clinical and laboratory examination of the patient, finding out the causes of acne and identifying risk factors is the doctor's responsibility before starting treatment.

Treating acne on the face, chest and back is not an easy task. As soon as acne appears, you should immediately consult a doctor. The doctor will help you understand the causes of the disease. Perhaps, together with external therapy, the doctor will recommend general therapy, hyposensitizing, detoxifying and vitamin therapy. Balanced and balanced nutrition is an obligatory component of complex treatment.

• Sexually transmitted infections, polycystic ovary syndrome, gastritis caused by heliobacteria are often associated with early forms of acne.
• Fibroids of the uterus, mastopathy, pelvic inflammatory disease, recurrent candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and other diseases caused by hormonal dysfunction are often combined with late forms of acne.

Medication for acne must be adequate and consistent.

External therapy it is prescribed for mild to moderate acne. It is intended to use creams, gels, ointments and lotions containing substances that:

• prevent the formation of comedones or destroy them,
• reduce sebum production,
• prevent the development of inflammation.

General therapy it is prescribed for the ineffectiveness of local therapy and a severe course of acne and implies the use of:

• antibiotics,
• synthetic derivatives of vitamin A (isotretinoin),
• specific immunotherapy drugs,
• antiandrogens.

Limiting the amount of easily digestible carbohydrates, the amount of animal fats, extractive substances and table salt in the food consumed are the basic principles of dietary nutrition in the treatment of acne.

Skin cleansing is an essential component of daily care

Daily cleansing of the skin is a must when treating acne on the face and other areas of the body. For this purpose, foams, gels and lotions are used. They remove excess grease and do not dry out the skin. It is not recommended to use soap. The frequency of washing your face for acne treatment should not exceed 1 to 2 times a day.

• Gel cleanses the skin well "Cleanance"(France). In this case, the hydrolipid film is not disturbed.
• The cleansing gel is part of the series of medicinal cosmetics "Exfoliac"(France).
• Cleansing lotion and washing gel is part of the series "Clerasil Ultra".
• Facial cleansing gel is part of the series "Setafil", Sebium and Sphingogel.
• Cleansing gel for oily skin is part of the series Zeniak.

Alcohol solutions with antibiotics (5% chloramphenicol alcohol), 2% resorcinol, 1 - 2% salicylic acid solution, 5 - 10% alcoholic solution of camphor are degreased and disinfected the skin.

Frequent washing leads to increased dryness of the skin and a decrease in their protective properties.

Cleansed skin is toned. For acne, preference should be given to tonics, which include keratolytics and comedolytics. These funds have the ability to exfoliate dead cells, prevent the accumulation of sebum and horny scales in the mouths of the follicles, and reduce inflammation.

Rice. 20. In the photo pimples on the face.

Reducing the production of sebum, normalizing the processes of keratinization and death of epidermal cells, suppressing microflora and reducing inflammation are the main principles in the treatment of acne.

Using keratolytics to treat acne at home

In the cells of the epidermis, the process of keratinization constantly occurs, as a result of which the keratin protein and fats are deposited in the stratum corneum, due to which it becomes strong and elastic. With violations of the processes of exfoliation of the stratum corneum, retention hyperkeratosis develops. The mouth of the follicle is clogged with horny scales, as a result of which sebum accumulates in the follicle cavity, forming open and closed microcomedones and comedones.

Keratolytic preparations normalize the processes of keratinization occurring in the follicle orifices, prevent the formation of microcomedones and the conditions for the development of bacteria.

Benzoyl peroxide (Baziron, OHU-5, OHU-10, Clerasil-ultra)

Benzoyl peroxide is an organic compound. The drug has been used in the treatment of acne for many years. Has the ability to kill propionic acid bacteria without causing resistant strains. Its keratolytic and comedolytic action allows the drug to be used not only for the correction of open and closed comedones, but also for the treatment of inflammatory elements of acne. Benzoyl peroxide does not affect sebum production. The drug is available in various forms (cleansing gel, tonic, scrub, corrective drugs), which makes it convenient to use in various environments (at home, at work, on trips, etc.).

Rice. 21. In the photo, Baziron and Retin-A are keratolytics and comedolytics, widely used in the treatment of acne of different localization.

Retinoid group preparations

Preparations of the retinoid group are structurally similar to vitamin A. A representative of the retinoid group is the preparation Retin-A, which contains tretinoin. It has a keratolytic and comedolytic effect, reduces sebum production, has a weak anti-inflammatory effect, and helps to smooth the skin. The drug promotes the opening of closed comedones and their transition to papules, followed by healing without scars.

Adapalene (Klenzit, Differin) is a synthetic analogue of retinoic acid. It is used topically for comedones. Adapalene in combination with an antibiotic (Klenzit-C) is used when inflammatory elements of acne appear. The retinoid isotretinoin (Roaccutane) is prescribed for severe acne.

Rice. 22. In the photo Klenzit and Klenzit-S are synthetic analogs of retinoic acid. The drugs are widely used in the treatment of comedones.

Azeloic acid

Azeloic acid is a part of Skinoren, Azelik, Aziks-Derm preparations. It stops the growth and reproduction of propionic acid bacteria. Under its influence, the fraction of free fatty acids in the surface lipids of the skin decreases, the proliferation of keratinocytes is inhibited. The drug is available in the form of a cream and gel.

Rice. 23. The photo shows Skinoren and Azelik acne remedies for topical application with azeloic acid.

Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid has antimicrobial and keratolytic properties (coagulates proteins, including microbial ones), improves tissue trophism, and reduces pain.

Rice. 24. On the photo is a remedy for acne - salicylic acid (solution for external use).

Resorcinol

Resorcinol is an antiseptic. Coagulating proteins, the drug thereby has a keratolytic effect, has an antipruritic effect.

When using acne remedies, carefully read the instructions for use of the drug and strictly follow its instructions. Stick to the drug use regimen! Talk to your doctor if you experience any unwanted effects and discuss the results of acne treatments with them.

Antimicrobials for home acne treatment

With inflammatory elements of acne in the form of papules and pustules, antibacterial drugs for external use can be used independently, since they do not have a pronounced effectiveness of systemic antibiotic therapy.

Topical preparations suppress bacterial growth:

• Benzoyl peroxide (Baziron AC) gel.
• Azeloic acid (Skinoren) gel and cream.
• Fusidic acid ointment, cream.
• Erythromycin ointment.
• Clindamycin (Dalacin-gel).
• Lincomycin ointment.
• Metronidazole gel.
• Piolysin ointment.
• Sinerit (erythromycin / zinc acetate) powder.
• Zinc hyaluronate (Curiosin) gel.

Alcohol solutions with antibiotics (5% chloramphenicol alcohol), 2% resorcinol, 2 - 5% salicylic acid solution, 5 - 10% alcoholic solution of camphor are degreased and disinfected the skin.

Don't pop pimples! When squeezed out, the infection spreads to the deep layers of the skin and to non-inflamed elements.

Medical cosmetics for acne treatment

Modern medical cosmetics will help get rid of acne. Her choice should be based on the form of acne and the severity of the disease. Medicinal cosmetics preparations should have a keratolytic, sebum-regulating and antibacterial effect, cleanse and moisturize the skin well.

There are many lines of medicated acne treatments on the market today:

• Means of the Exfoliac series (France), including hygiene gel and creams for the treatment of acne of varying severity.
• Medical cosmetics "Aven" of the "Cleanance" line. It has a sebum-regulating and kerato-regulating effect.
• Means of the Klerasil Ultra, Setafil, Zeniak series.

Remedies for acne with sensitive skin are represented by La Roche Pose thermal water, Toleran Fluid protective emulsion, and Rosaliac products.

Efaklar products and Clerasil Ultra treatment series are specially designed for oily skin.

The "Curiosin" and "Mederma" gel, "Piolizin" ointment, "Diacnel" cream with a unique combination of retinaldehyde and glycolic acid prevent the development of scar tissue and even out the skin relief. They help smooth out the skin relief, prevent the formation of scars.

Rice. 25. On the photo are the remedies for acne of the "Clerasil" line.

If you have acne, do not sunbathe. Excessive sun exposure increases sebum production.

General acne therapy

In the case when the use of external therapy for 3 months did not give results, as well as in severe forms of acne, general (systemic) treatment is used, which includes the use of antibiotics, synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, specific immunotherapy and antiandrogens.

Antibiotic therapy

With acne, the use of macrolide antibiotics and tetracyclines is indicated for 2 to 3 weeks. Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group and gentamicin are indicated for phlegmonous acne.

Synthetic derivatives of vitamin A

The substance isotretinoin is a synthetic derivative of vitamin A. The retinoid isotretinoin (drug Roaccutane) is a dermatoprotector. The drug has anti-inflammatory, anti-acne and anti-seborrheic effects. When applied, the terminal differentiation of cells is normalized, the proliferation of the epithelium of the ducts of the sebaceous glands is inhibited, the formation of detritus is reduced and its evacuation is facilitated, the production of sebum is reduced and the outflow of sebum is facilitated.

Rice. 26. The photo shows the results of acne treatment with Roaccutane.

Antiandrogens

Drugs in this group ( Andokur, Diane-35, Janine, Cyproterone, Spironolactone) reduce sebum production. Antiandrogens are prescribed to women in case of prolonged acne, with ineffectiveness of antibiotic therapy and topical application of isotretinoin. Antiandrogens are used only after consulting a gynecologist and endocrinologist. Oral intake of antiandrogens must be combined with the use of a complex of medicinal cosmetics.

Specific immunotherapy

Specific immunotherapy is indicated for the treatment of phlegmonous acne. Treatment is prescribed and carried out under the supervision of a physician. Toxoid, antifagin, gamma globulin and other drugs are used.

Rice. 27. In the photo, acne on the face. Heavy current. Systemic treatment is required.

Complementary acne treatments

To accelerate the resolution of inflammation in acne, additional treatment methods are used:

• Electrophoresis with ichthyol solution and cryomassage.
• In the case of nodular-cystic acne, the administration of the hormonal drug triamcinolone with the antibiotic gentamicin inside the focus is indicated.
• In severe acne, autohemotherapy is indicated.
• For hyperpigmentation, cicatricial changes and pseudoatrophies, microcrystalline dermabrasion and superficial chemical peels are indicated. Deep resurfacing can lead to a relapse of the disease.

Rice. 28. The photo shows the effect of using a laser in the treatment of acne.

Acne is a serious medical condition. Only a doctor knows how to get rid of acne on the face, back and chest. Acne treatments are mostly done at home.

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The problem of acne often affects adolescents. In this article, we will look at photos of different types of acne, the reasons for their appearance and treatment.

Acne, pimples, acne - all this is the result of improper functioning of the sebaceous glands. They appear in adolescence during puberty, as well as in adulthood. Acne is most common on the face, chest, or back.

Acne can appear as small nodules (papules) or pustules (pustules). If you do not fight them, the inflammations arise again and again, then turn into permanent, persistent rashes and may even remain throughout life, forcing a person to suffer and developing complexes.

Acne can be classified

• Ordinary- this is a mild degree of the disease, there are isolated acne, mainly comedones. Inflammation and pustules can be isolated. Treatment does not take long and can be done at home.

• Comedonal- a moderate degree of the disease, when a noticeable amount of comedones, both open and closed, appears on the skin. They contain sebum. Black dots are open comedones, they got their name due to the interaction of subcutaneous fat with air and darkening (rancidity), as well as dirt and dust, getting into the pores, darkens. White dots are closed comedones, inside of which fat accumulates and is not oxidized by air.

• Papulopustular- the average degree of the disease, rashes can be up to 40 pieces, and a papule appears on the skin, that is, a nodule. Hair follicles are damaged, bacteria penetrate there and pustules appear, otherwise pustules. Such acne should not be squeezed by yourself, otherwise you can get an infection. Treatment can only be carried out by a specialist.

• Nodular-cystic- A rather severe form of acne, which is characterized by comedones, papules and pustules. All these formations can combine with each other and form cysts and painful nodes.

Types of acne on the face: vulgar, pink, steroid

Inflammation in the sebaceous gland, which leads to its blockage, can have a different origin and be of different types:

• Acne rosacea or rosacea. It is most common in people 30 and older. With rosacea, the blood vessels dilate, papules may develop, and these, in turn, become pustules. Most often women are affected. Signs of rosacea: the forehead, nose, chin and cheeks are very red, in more rare cases, the back and chest can be affected. Most often, they begin with ordinary redness of the skin, then turn into rashes, and later the skin becomes denser in places of inflammation, blood vessels dilate, dryness and stinging are noted, it seems that there is sand in the eyes, they turn red and tear. It is very important not to harm the skin even more, that is, not to expose it to excessive hypothermia or the harmful effects of the sun.

• Steroid acne. Most often, their occurrence is associated with the intake of various kinds of hormonal drugs. They do not cause strong harmful effects, but only worsen the appearance of the skin. When the drug is canceled, acne will go away on its own. However, if a person needs hormonal treatment, this can be a problem. Such acne is characterized by small red rashes with pustules. If a person takes hormones by mouth, then the whole body can be affected. If an ointment is used, only a specific area will be affected. A distinctive feature is severe itching and burning.

Video: Details

Acne Treatment - Ointments

Acne needs to be treated.

Let's consider the most popular tools:

1. Aven. Made in France, specially formulated to treat adult acne caused by hormonal imbalance. Also suitable for dry skin. The effect of the ointment is to relieve inflammation, cleanse the pores from dirt and sebum, thereby calming the skin. You need to apply the ointment 1-2 times a day, after cleansing the skin. The duration is individual.
2. Azelik. Russian-made ointment, which has proven itself well at a low price. The result can be seen after just a few hours. Convenience lies in the fact that you can apply the product shortly before going out. The ointment can be used for a long time as it is not addictive. The medicine should be applied to the inflamed areas of the skin 2 times a day, cleaning it before that. With a noticeable improvement in the face, it is necessary to switch to a single application of the drug.
3. Floresan. Inexpensive remedy for acne breakouts. This product has an unusual smell, as well as a not too pleasant consistency. But the remedy is quite effective. There is another drawback: in the heat or increased sweating, the ointment will be visible. The substances included in the composition have a drying effect and remove pus. The medicine is applied for a month in the morning and in the evening, then a break is taken for 2 weeks. If necessary, the course is repeated. Not recommended for dry skin.
4. Himani Boro Plus. The ointment is made in Germany, it is quite greasy in consistency and with a specific odor. A simple salvation for overly dry skin. It is necessary to apply to the affected areas one to three times a day. Thanks to this tool, the skin is filled with vitamins, moisturized by restoring the sebaceous secretion. The drug is suitable for long-term use, as well as for children, as it does not cause addiction.
5. Clerasil. This product is manufactured in the UK. In addition to the cream, there are other skin cleansers in the series. Klerasil is applied to cleansed skin in the morning and evening. It will not be superfluous to do steam baths with herbs to soothe the skin. Recommended for combination skin or oily skin. Addiction is an unfavorable factor in the treatment of this remedy. The effect can be seen already after a week. Once a month, you need to take a weekly break.
6. Zenerite. Produced in Holland, it fights acne quite effectively. This tool is allowed to be used by adolescents during puberty, when the first changes in the skin occur. The medicine can prevent the appearance of repeated rashes on the skin, which means that it is possible to completely get rid of acne. A course of treatment is required for 3 weeks with a break for the same period. The ointment is applied to cleansed skin pointwise. This product has an antibacterial effect, and a special breathable film also appears on the skin.
7. Ichthyol ointment. The remedy is known, it is used for inflammation and suppuration of the skin. It has a good effect on acne, helps the abscesses to open. The smell of the ointment is quite sharp, so it is used only before bedtime. First, we cleanse the face, then the medicine is applied with a thin layer. If there are a lot of rashes, then it is possible to apply the ointment twice. The duration of treatment should not exceed two weeks, then a monthly break is required.
8. Clindovite. An effective remedy for acne and purulent inflammation. Treatment is carried out for no more than 10 days, due to possible addiction to the drug. For mild acne, this remedy is not suitable, it is used rather in severe cases. Sometimes you may be allergic to the medicine. Apply the remedy in the morning and in the evening, applying to inflammation.
9. Retin-A. Quite a common remedy in the fight against acne, it additionally protects from the sun, prevents skin aging. Retin-A is applied once for 3-6 months, then a break of 3 months. At the beginning of use, retinoic acid may cause mild redness and irritation. Everything goes away within a week of use.
10. Curiosin. This remedy is good because it fights both existing rashes, smoothes scars from already healed ones. But it is not able to prevent the appearance of acne. The ointment is applied only once a day. Curiosin should be used with caution, since the drug is based on hormones and a "withdrawal syndrome" is possible, so it can be applied for no more than two weeks. Recommended for all skin types. Forbidden for pregnant and lactating women, as well as for persons under 18 years of age.