Symptoms of a brain tumor in the early stages in adults and children. Symptoms of a brain tumor in the early stages in adults and children Antigrippin pharmacy instructions for use

- Helps to get on your feet with colds and SARS

Advantages: Efficiency, simplicity, availability, price.

Disadvantages: Has a hypnotic effect

Greetings to all readers!

In the season of colds, I always think about which medicine to give preference to. I want a spectacular and at the same time inexpensive ...

So, just in case, I bought an antigrippin pharmaceutical. And now I didn't have to wait long, the cold took me by surprise.

Inside there are capsules in two colors, white and green.

At a time, you should drink two capsules at once, since they complement each other's action.

The shelf life of the capsules is quite long, so you can buy them just in case, as I did. I think such medicines should always be in the medicine cabinet.

Antigrippin has a long instruction, but the most important is its pharmacological property and for what symptoms it can be taken.

Everything is standard here. Now about how they effectively treat or rather relieve the symptoms of the disease and whether it is worth spending money on them.

Thank God I didn't have a fever, but I had a headache and great weakness. It is recommended to drink capsules 2-3 times a day, depending on the severity of the disease. I made the decision to drink 3 times a day.

Relief comes about 30 minutes after taking, the head stops hurting. But I noticed one nuance, after taking the capsules, I wanted to sleep wildly, I felt like a sleepy fly. It seems, on the one hand, this is good, during sleep, recovery is faster. On the other hand, if there is no way to stay at home and have to work, then these capsules will be like a test "The main thing is not to fall asleep."

Therefore, before buying, consider your activity. And since the medicine works well, so I recommend it!

The combined preparation has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, angioprotective, anti-congestive action.
The pharmacological activity of the drug is due to the properties of the active substances that make up its composition.
Acetylsalicylic acid suppresses pro-inflammatory factors, exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation due to inhibition of COX, inhibits synthesis or inactivates inflammatory mediators. Has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits platelet aggregation.
Ascorbic acid takes part in many types of redox reactions in the body, inhibits the processes of peroxidation of lipids, proteins and other cell components, thereby protecting it from damage. Ascorbic acid increases the concentration of interferon in the blood, which is associated with its membrane-stabilizing effect and immunomodulatory effect. Ascorbic acid is able to accumulate in leukocytes, increasing their phagocytic activity, which increases antimicrobial and antiviral protection. It activates the biosynthesis of corticoid hormones in the adrenal cortex and thereby stimulates the body's adaptive processes under stress.
Rutoside. Angioprotective agent. Belongs to the group of bioflavonoids that can be used to build biologically important compounds in the cell, in particular ubiquinone. It is able to reduce capillary bleeding by strengthening the walls of blood vessels, the permeability of which increases during a viral infection. Rutoside has a beneficial effect on maintaining a normal level of the immune system.
Metamizole sodium. An analgesic non-narcotic agent, a pyrazolone derivative, non-selectively blocks COX and reduces the formation of PG from arachidonic acid. It prevents the conduction of pain impulses, increases the excitability threshold of thalamic centers of pain sensitivity, increases heat transfer. It has analgesic, antipyretic and some antispasmodic (in relation to smooth muscles of the urinary and biliary tract) action.
Diphenhydramine. Competitive blocker of H1-histamine receptors. It has a pronounced antihistamine activity (weakens the body's response to endogenous and exogenous histamine). In addition, it has a local anesthetic effect, relaxes smooth muscles as a result of a direct antispasmodic effect, and blocks the cholinergic receptors of autonomic nerve nodes to a moderate extent. Reduces capillary permeability, prevents histamine tissue edema and histamine hypotension and thereby reduces vascular permeability, eliminates swelling and hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, sore throat, allergic reactions from the upper respiratory tract.
An important feature of diphenhydramine is its sedative effect.
Calcium gluconate. Ca2 + -containing preparation. Calcium ions are necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses, the contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles, the activity of the heart muscle, the formation of bone tissue, and blood coagulation. Calcium ions reduce the permeability of cells and the vascular wall, prevent the development of inflammatory reactions, and increase the body's resistance to infections.

Dosage Form: & nbspcapsules Composition:

For one capsule:

Capsule A

active ingredients: ascorbic acid 300 mg, acetylsalicylic acid 250 mg, rutoside trihydrate (in terms of rutoside) 20 mg.

Excipients: calcium stearate 1.0 mg, potato starch 9.0 mg;

hard gelatin capsule: gelatin 90.723 mg, dye azorubin (E 122) 0.003 mg, brilliant black dye (E 151) 0.184 mg, patented blue dye (E 131) or brilliant blue dye (E 133) 0.315 mg, quinoline yellow dye (E 104) 2.207 mg , titanium dioxide (E 171) 2.560 mg.

Capsule B

active ingredients: metamizole sodium monohydrate 250 mg, calcium gluconate monohydrate 100 mg, diphenhydramine hydrochloride 20 mg;

Excipients: calcium stearate 3.8 mg, potato starch 6.2 mg;

hard gelatin capsule: gelatin 91.944 mg, titanium dioxide (E 171) 4,055 mg.

Description:

Capsules A - hard gelatinous No. 0 green. The contents of the capsules are a mixture of crystalline and amorphous powder from light yellow to yellow with a greenish tint, the presence of lumps and single inclusions of a darker color is allowed.

Capsules B - hard gelatinous No. 0 white. The contents of the capsules are a mixture of powder and granules of white or white with a yellowish tinge, the presence of lumps is allowed.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:ARI and "cold" symptoms remedy ATX: & nbsp

Other combination drugs used for colds

Pharmacodynamics:

The combined preparation has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, angioprotective, anti-congestive action. The pharmacological activity of the drug is due to the properties of the active substances that make up its composition.

Acetylsalicylic acid suppresses anti-inflammatory factors, exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation due to inhibition of cyclogenase, inhibits synthesis or inactivates inflammatory mediators. Has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits platelet aggregation.

Vitamin C takes part in many types of redox reactions in the body, inhibits the processes of peroxidation of lipids, proteins and other components of the cell, which protects it from damage. increases the concentration of interferon in the blood, this is associated with its membrane-stabilizing effect and immunomodulatory effect. is able to accumulate in leukocytes, increasing their phagocytic activity, which increases antimicrobial and antiviral protection. It activates the biosynthesis of corticoid hormones in the adrenal cortex and thereby stimulates the body's adaptive processes under stress.

Rutoside angioprotective agent. Belongs to the group of bioflavonoids that can be used to build biologically important compounds in the cell, in particular ubiquinone. It is able to reduce capillary bleeding by strengthening the walls of blood vessels, the permeability of which increases during a viral infection. favorably affects the maintenance of the normal level of the immune system.

Metamizole sodium- an analgesic non-narcotic agent, a pyrazolone derivative, non-selectively blocks COX (cyclooxygenase) and reduces the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. It prevents the conduction of pain impulses, increases the excitability threshold of thalamic centers of pain sensitivity, increases heat transfer. It has analgesic, antipyretic and some antispasmodic (in relation to smooth muscles of the urinary and biliary tract) action.

Diphenhydramine - a competitive blocker of H 1 -histamine receptors. It has a pronounced antihistamine activity (weakens the body's response to endogenous and exogenous histamine). In addition, it has a local anesthetic effect, relaxes smooth muscles as a result of a direct antispasmodic effect, and blocks the cholinergic receptors of autonomic nerve nodes to a moderate extent. Reduces capillary permeability, prevents histamine tissue edema and histamine hypotension and thereby reduces vascular permeability, eliminates swelling and hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, sore throat, allergic reactions from the upper respiratory tract. An important feature of diphenhydramine is its sedative effect.

Calcium gluconate - Ca 2+ -containing preparation. Calcium ions are necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses, the contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles, the activity of the heart muscle, the formation of bone tissue, and blood coagulation. Calcium ions reduce the permeability of cells and the vascular wall, prevent the development of inflammatory reactions, and increase the body's resistance to infections.

Indications:

Symptomatic treatment in adults for "colds", acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, accompanied by fever, headache, chills, nasal congestion.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; erosive and ulcerative lesions (in the acute phase) of the gastrointestinal tract; gastrointestinal bleeding; increased tendency to bleeding; oppression of hematopoiesis (agranulocytosis, neutropenia, leukopenia); hereditary hemolytic anemia associated with a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; hemorrhagic diathesis (hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, telangiectasia, thrombocytopenic purpura); hypoprothrombinemia; thrombocytopenia; vitamin K deficiency; bronchial asthma; diseases accompanied by bronchospasm; "aspirin asthma": severe impairment of liver or kidney function; hypercalcemia (the concentration of calcium ions should not exceed 12 mg% or 6 mEq / l); nephrolithiasis (calcium); calciuria; sarcoidosis; simultaneous intake of cardiac glycosides (risk of arrhythmias); dissecting aortic aneurysm; portal hypertension; deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pregnancy and breastfeeding, children and adolescents up to 18 years.

Carefully:

Hyperuricemia, urate nephrolithiasis, gout, gastric ulcer and / or duodenal ulcer (in history), decompensated heart failure.

Pregnancy and lactation:

The use of the drug during pregnancy is contraindicated.

If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, the issue of stopping breastfeeding should be resolved.

Method of administration and dosage:

Inside, after meals, with water, 2-3 times a day for 3-5 days until the symptoms of the disease disappear.

Adults appoint 2 capsules per reception: 1 green capsule (from blister A) and 1 white capsule (from blister B).

If there is no improvement in well-being after five days of use, the drug should be discontinued and a doctor should be consulted.

Side effects:

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, gastralgia, diarrhea, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic and / or renal failure, increased blood pressure, tachycardia.

Allergic reactions: skin rash, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm.

With prolonged use (more than 7 days) - dizziness, headache, visual disturbances, tinnitus, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis; with a tendency to bronchospasm, it is possible to provoke an attack; decreased platelet aggregation, hypocoagulation, hemorrhagic syndrome (nosebleeds, bleeding gums, purpura, etc.), kidney damage with papillary necrosis; deafness; anaphylactic shock, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome). Reye's syndrome (hyperpyrexia, metabolic acidosis, disorders of the nervous system and psyche, vomiting, liver dysfunction).

Possible renal dysfunction, oliguria, anuria, proteinuria, interstitial nephritis, urine staining red due to the release of the metabolite.

All side (unusual) effects, including those not mentioned above, should be reported to the attending physician and the drug should be stopped.

Overdose:

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, sweating, pallor of the skin, tachycardia. With mild intoxication - ringing in the ears; severe intoxication - drowsiness, collapse, convulsions, bronchospasm, shortness of breath, anuria, bleeding, progressive respiratory paralysis and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, causing respiratory acidosis.

If you suspect poisoning, you should immediately seek medical help.

Treatment: induce vomiting, make a gastric lavage, take saline laxatives,. In a hospital setting - forced diuresis, hemodialysis, with the development of convulsive syndrome - intravenous diazepam and barbiturates.

Interaction:

If you need to take it together with other drugs, consult your doctor first.

Enhances the action of heparin, oral oh an ticoagulants, reserpine, steroid hormones and hypoglycemic agents.

Reduces the effectiveness of spironolactone, furosemide, antihypertensive drugs, anti-gout drugs that promote the excretion of uric acid.

It enhances the side effects of glucocorticosteroids, sulfonylurea derivatives, methotrexate, non-narcotic analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Avoid the combination of the drug with barbiturates, antiepileptic drugs, zidovudine, rifampicin and alcohol-containing drugs (increases p and sc hepatotox ichskogoO effect).

Ascorbic acid improves intestinal absorption of iron preparations.

Tricyclic antidepressants, oral contraceptives and disrupt the metabolism of metamizole in the liver and increase its toxicity.

Metamizole sodium enhances the effects of alcoholic beverages.

Radiopaque contrast agents, colloidal blood substitutes and penicillin should not be used during treatment with metamizole sodium.

The simultaneous use of metamizole sodium with cyclosporine reduces the level of the latter in the blood.

Thiamazole and increase the risk of developing leukopenia.

Sedatives and tranquilizers enhance the analgesic effect of metamizole sodium.

Special instructions:

Since it has an antiaggregatory effect, the patient, if he is to undergo surgery, must warn the doctor in advance about taking the drug.

Acetylsalicylic acid in low doses reduces the excretion of uric acid. This can in some cases provoke a gout attack.

During treatment, you should stop drinking alcoholic beverages (increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding).

Due to the stimulating effect of ascorbic acid on the synthesis of corticosteroid hormones, it is necessary to monitor renal function and blood pressure.

Prescribing ascorbic acid to patients with rapidly proliferating and intensely metastatic tumors may aggravate the process.

Ascorbic acid, as a reducing agent, can distort the results of various laboratory tests (blood glucose, bilirubin, hepatic transaminase activity, LDH).

In patients suffering from bronchial asthma and pollinosis, hypersensitivity reactions may develop.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles. Wed and fur .:

During the use of the drug, care should be taken when driving transport and when engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Release form / dosage:Capsules. Package:

Capsules A

Capsules B... 10 capsules in a blister strip packaging.

2 blisters (one with green capsules A, the second with white capsules B) together with instructions for use in a cardboard box. Storage conditions:

In a dry, dark place at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life:

2 years.

Do not use after the expiration date printed on the package.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies: Over the counter Registration number: LP-002908 Registration date: 13.03.2015 Expiration date: 13.03.2020 Marketing Authorization Holder:PharmFirma SOTEKS, CJSC Russia Manufacturer: & nbsp Representative office: & nbspPharmFirma SOTEX ZAO Russia Date of information update: & nbsp 06.09.2017 Illustrated instructions

Primary tumors arise from different tissues in the brain. The reason for the uncontrolled multiplication of cells has not been established. Secondary neoplasms are the result of a cancerous process of any other localization with metastases to the brain. Among the factors that increase the likelihood of the appearance of malignant neoplasms are:

• some types of formations (for example, medulloblastomas) develop, as a rule, in children, but most other brain tumors are recorded after 45 years;
• the effect of radiation;
• the impact on the body of various chemical compounds;
• burdened family history;
• in women, the risk of tumors in the brain increases when taking hormonal drugs and after stimulating the formation of eggs during the IVF procedure.

Depending on which cells began to divide uncontrollably, the following types of tumors are distinguished:

• from neuroepithelial tissues;
• tumors of the cranial or spiral nerves;
• tumor formations of the meninges;
• lymphomas;
• tumors from embryonic cells;
• brushes;
• tumors that develop in the area of ​​the sella turcica;
• formations that grow into the cranial cavity;
• metastatic cancer;
• tumors that are difficult to classify.

More than 50% of brain tumors are neuroectodermal formations. Among them, astrocytoma, ependymoblastoma, pineocytoma, neuroma and sympathoblastoma should be indicated. It is important to note that tumors in the brain can be both benign and malignant. Benign formations reach a certain stage of development, after which they cease their activity and, unlike malignant structures, do not grow into the surrounding tissues.

The classification of cerebellar neoplasms is based on the nature of growth and the quality of the overgrown tissue. So, the benign nature of the tumor implies slow growth and the absence of a pronounced clinic. This type of tumors refers to.

Malignant formations of the cerebellum are characterized by rapid growth and the formation of metastases to various organs. Cancer requires urgent surgery. Medulloblastomas and sarcomas affecting the cerebellum are malignant.

Tumor of the cerebellum of the brain occupies 30% of the entire proportion of neoplasms. Like other tumors of the nervous system, a tumor of the cerebellum can be primary and secondary. In the first case, the source of neoplasms is the brain membrane or nerve cells, and in the second, metastases of a tumor of another localization.

According to the histological structure, the cerebellar tumor of the brain is very diverse and more than 100 different types are distinguished. But in practice, cancer metastases and

gliomas

cerebellum.

The latter occupy about 70% of the total number of neoplasms in the posterior cranial fossa. In young children, they appear as medulloblastomas, and in middle-aged and mature people, they appear as astrocytomas and angioreticulomas. In elderly patients, cancer metastases and glioblastomas are most often diagnosed.

The degree of its danger and the principle of medical action depend on the type of neoplasia. Therefore, it is so important to identify its features. Types of cerebellar tumors are distinguished according to different principles.

Their histological structure is also heterogeneous. More than a hundred varieties are known.

Cerebellar gliomas are the most common. They make up about 70% of all neoplasms of the cranial posterior fossa:

• in childhood, histologically, tumors are more likely to be medulloblastomas;
• at an older age, angioreticulomas and astrocytomas are more often formed;
• in adulthood, glioblastomas and cancer metastases are at the top of the list.

Tumors of the benign cerebellum are characterized by slow growth. They are located in parts of the brain far from healthy tissues, but they can infiltrate neighboring tissues by themselves, and this is already unfavorable.

Cerebellar tumors are classified as benign or malignant. A neoplasm of a benign nature weakly manifests itself, it grows slowly. The neoplasm develops from the cells of the cerebellum. It resembles a small knot around which a cystic cavity of large volumes is formed. Most cases of benign tumors are hemangioblastomas, astrocytomas.

Malignant neoplasms are more often medulloblastomas, sarcomas, astroblastomas. Such brain lesions are characterized by instantaneous growth, rapid spread to other parts of the meninges. The tumor affects the cerebellar worm, the brain stem, which greatly affects the patient's life. Cerebellar cancer often affects young patients. Without proper treatment for the tumor, the patient's life quickly becomes painful and death ensues.

A dangerous condition is the damage by cancer cells to other membranes of the brain, it is difficult for fluid to exit from the ventricular system. This occurs at the last stage of cancer, doctors recognize the patient's hopelessness, the impossibility of surgery.

The nature of the tumor is also subdivided into primary and secondary. The first case is benign and malignant, the second is only of malignant origin. Primary tumors develop exclusively from cells of the cerebellar region, localizing in this section, but are able to spread to other brain structures. Secondary tumors begin in other systems of the body, spreading metastases to the brain, affecting the cerebellum.

Regardless of the nature of the tumor, the formation increases, affecting other meninges, which worsens the patient's quality of life. Pathological formations of the brain require the earliest possible identification of the cause and treatment of the disease.

The brain is divided into 3 parts:

• the front part is divided into two large hemispheres, they contain the center for controlling the actions of the central nervous system. Each part of the brain directs the work of the opposite side;
• the middle one is located in the central region of the skull, regulates the central reflexes of control (sleep, movement, steps, hunger, balancing the presence of fluid);
• the posterior is located behind the skull, has a center that controls blood pressure, respiratory movements, heart rate, and the medulla oblongata.

A tumor can affect any function and reflex, forming in any part of the brain. In a benign course, the tumor develops from mature cells of various tissues. The malignant course begins with immature brain cells that have entered it with the blood stream (metastasis).

The causes of a brain tumor are associated with genetics, racial predisposition, age criterion. Sometimes there are certain congenital abnormalities in the structure of genes, which in the future contribute to the occurrence of brain cancer:

• autosomal dominant Gorlin's syndrome (basal cell carcinoma);
• neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen syndrome);
• formation of a tumor suppressor gene;
• Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Most often, glioma in babies can be detected - a low-grade astrocytoma. It appears due to the presence of Recklinghausen syndrome. The abnormal development of a child of non-congenital etiology is common. The structure of DNA changes in the early period through the influence of multiple causes in the external environment or internal state of the body. Genetic predisposition increases the likelihood of developing malignant brain cancer.

To identify this neoplasm of the brain, it is necessary to conduct a thorough neurological examination. An examination of the ophthalmological point of view, as well as the condition of the fundus, plays an important role here. The use of modern radiation methods allows specialists to obtain the most accurate results.

When making this diagnosis, the manifestations of the disease are taken into account. Also, the patient should consult a neurologist.

From instrumental techniques, MRI, computed tomography and additional methods are used.

If you find the initial signs of a brain tumor, you should consult a doctor, he will prescribe a biochemical blood test. In the early stages, an optometrist can detect the problem by examining the fundus. You can go to several specialists to find out the cause of the disease. In order to concretize the diagnosis, carry out:

• angiography of cerebral vessels;
• computed tomography;
• MRI - magnetic resonance imaging;
• spinal tap;
• electroencephalography;
• PEC-CT - tomography using radioactive contrast.

The outcome of treatment directly depends on timely diagnosis. If in the developmental stage the effect is almost 85%, in the advanced case the survival rate after surgery is about 40%.

When characteristic symptoms are found, a complete, comprehensive examination of the brain is carried out, which will include:

1. Examination, consultation of relevant specialists (neuropathologist, neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist). Specialists will conduct a thorough examination of the patient's history after listening to the complaints. The doctor will prescribe a study using neuroimaging methods, conduct an instrumental examination. During the examination, the sensitivity of the facial nerves, the mobility of the limbs, the coordination of movements, the condition of the optic nerves, the fundus are checked, according to the symptoms identified, an appropriate examination is prescribed.
2. Magnetic resonance imaging, CT in neurology. Allows you to see an extensive picture of the disease, localization of pathological education, damage to surrounding tissues, brain structures. The study allows you to determine the nature of the tumor process, which will affect the tactics of further treatment.
3. X-ray examination. Allows you to consider the state of the brain from the side of the tumor, determines the exact localization of the neoplasm.

Tumors of the cerebellum are easy to diagnose, well detected with a qualitative examination. A brain tumor in the cerebellum will be successfully cured if detected early.

To make the correct diagnosis, you need to contact a therapist, then consult a neurologist. The neurologist will carefully listen to the patient's complaints, the history of their appearance and the dynamics of development.

A neurological examination will reveal a cerebellar symptom complex, including the following disorders:

• muscle hypotension;
• high tendon reflexes;
• difficulties in performing coordination tests;
• intellectual impairment.

An ophthalmologist's examination is important, in which stagnation in the fundus and swelling of the optic nerve head is determined. Instrumental neuroimaging methods play the main role in diagnostics. With the help of magnetic resonance imaging, the specialist will not only see the neoplasm of the cerebellar structures, but can also suggest its nature.

So, adenoma and other benign tumors have clear contours and are characterized by slow growth. Malignant neoplasms have blurred boundaries, edema of the surrounding tissues is determined, and they rapidly increase in size. MRI also determines the size of the tumor, its location and the prognosis of the patient's condition with its further growth.

After tomography, targeted stereotaxic intervention is often performed to take a section of altered brain tissue for histological examination.

Diagnosis of a brain tumor can be difficult if it is located in a hard-to-reach place. For this purpose, several different procedures are used at once, the results of which can not only confirm the presence of cancer cells in the patient, but also determine their structure and location.

Taking a general blood test is one of the methods for diagnosing a brain tumor

Among the diagnostic methods, it is worth highlighting:

• Examination by doctors: oncologist, neurosurgeon, neuropathologist;
• General blood and urine tests;
• Radiography. Capable of displaying pathological spots or darkening on images of the brain;
• CT scan. Allows you to display on the screen an image of various areas of the brain in order to identify the tumor focus;
• Magnetic resonance imaging. A more advanced and accurate method for assessing the structure of the tumor;
• Immunography. It is carried out by examining the patient's blood for the presence of pathological indicators;
• Biopsy. Depending on the location of the cancer cells, this procedure is not always possible. This is the most reliable way to diagnose cancer, but if the risk of injury to healthy brain centers during its implementation is too high, it makes sense to choose other methods.

To obtain more accurate results during CT or MRI, the patient is injected with a special dye that improves the visibility of the tumor focus.

Associated factors

Scientists have come to the conclusion that gender and race are the main factors in the onset and further development of a brain tumor. For example, out of the total mass of patients, more males were identified. But when considering the types of tumors separately, several of them can be called "female". Meningioma is a type of tumor that is often determined among the Negroid race, and a sign of brain cancer in the Caucasian race.