What does the perineum look like after childbirth. What does the vagina look like after childbirth? The norm for the genitals and deviations. Causes of physiological changes

Even during pregnancy, every expectant mother is worried about what the vagina will be like after childbirth. Global changes are taking place that affect the condition of a woman and her intimate life in the initial period after childbirth. Everyone takes a different amount of time to recover.

There is no need to worry that these changes are irreversible. There are exercises that will shorten the recovery period, maintain health, quality of life and intimate relationships.

Most women who have given birth experience vaginal enlargement after childbirth. That is why they are looking for an answer, how to return their body to a normal state.

Why the size of the vagina becomes larger after childbirth is easily explained by the volume of the baby's head. The baby goes through the birth canal and stretches the muscles, thus making his way into the light. Some babies are born with a lot of weight, which puts a huge strain on the pelvic muscles. Oftentimes, doctors do it to avoid tearing.

The first time after childbirth, the vagina remains stretched, the lumen of the cervical canal opens up to two fingers. It recovers for several weeks, and after three months it finally returns to normal. But the vagina before and after childbirth is not always the same picture. If an incision was made, recovery may take longer.

The condition of the vagina in a young mother

Many couples are concerned about how serious the consequences of childbirth are for intimate life. There are many prejudices that actually have nothing to do with the truth. There is no cause for alarm, because even if the vagina is large after childbirth, it can be corrected.

Physical changes

Stretching ... The vagina is a muscular organ, therefore elasticity is lost during the period of the child's passage through the birth canal, but this is a normal process. It will take a few weeks and the size will return to the same size. Even a very wide vagina will return to its normal state, it will simply lose its shape.

Puffiness ... It passes in 3-4 days, the woman does not feel any discomfort because of this.

Cracks and abrasions ... On examination, you can see that the walls of the vagina after childbirth become blue-purple in color, cracks and abrasions are noticeable.After a couple of weeks, everything returns to its normal state. The swelling goes away, the cracks gradually heal, and the color of the vaginal walls becomes pale pink again.

Wall relief ... There is a prejudice that a woman's vagina becomes much larger in size after childbirth. But the point is in its walls. For those who did not give birth, the relief is clearer, and for women who have recently given birth, it is smoothed. Because of this, the organ seems to be enlarged. For men, this can interfere with intercourse, but if you choose a position, it is easy to avoid unpleasant sensations.

Deviation from the norm

It happens that a woman complains of unpleasant symptoms. In order for them not to develop into complications and require treatment, you need to know what to do and how to deal with them.

Rejection Signals

Decreased sensitivity ... This is a temporary factor, don't panic. It is possible that a woman may completely lose sensitivity for a while. The walls of the vagina lose their elasticity, and recovery takes time.
Pain ... Women often complain of discomfort. Moreover, the vagina after childbirth hurts everyone with varying strength. The reason is stretching and, which are subsequently superimposed. Painful sensations arise precisely in the area of suturing, since nerve endings are often affected. Over time, the discomfort ceases to bother.
Dryness ... Some women complain of vaginal dryness after childbirth. This is due to a decrease in estrogen levels and usually affects nursing mothers. Over time, the dryness goes away, and before that, you can use intimate water-based lubricants or special gels to moisturize the vagina. It is advisable not to choose oil-based products, as they create a poorly permeable film.
Itching ... This is a symptom that requires medical attention. The cause may be an allergic reaction to the suture material or antiseptic used during childbirth. It is not worth solving the problem without a specialist - only he can choose the right treatment. Douching is usually prescribed.
Rotten smell from the vagina after childbirth - evidence of inflammation or suppuration of the seam. It is strictly forbidden to treat yourself on your own - you need a specialist consultation and treatment with medications.
Omission ... Sometimes the pelvic floor muscles are so weak that they cannot hold the organs. Descent occurs, which has different stages. The first is partial prolapse, when its walls descend without leaving the vagina. The second is protrusion outward. The third is prolapse, in this case, surgical intervention is necessary.
... After giving birth, they look like mucus mixed with blood - the so-called lochia. At first, they look like menstrual flow, and then the intensity decreases. Two months after giving birth, the lochia should finally stop. Otherwise, you need to see a doctor immediately.

Reconstruction of the vagina after childbirth

It is impossible to determine with accuracy when the vagina is restored after childbirth, since this process takes a different time for each woman. It is generally accepted that the approximate period is 6-8 weeks. Doctors recommend following the rules, thanks to which you can speed up the recovery of the vagina after childbirth.

It is important to observe sexual rest. Sex can disrupt or complicate the recovery process. You can get an infection, and if it gets directly on an open wound, there is a risk of provoking endometritis. Doctors advise abstaining from sex for two months after the birth of a child.

Kegel exercises have long been known for their invaluable benefits for those giving birth. All that is required is to tighten and relax the vaginal muscles for 10 seconds. Exercise should be daily. Exercise improves blood circulation and strengthens the vaginal muscles.

If it is dry during proximity, lubricants should be used.

Common myths

There are a number of guesses that are very common but unfounded. Women are already afraid of how the vagina looks after childbirth, not to mention the internal sensations. The most common myths are:

Men are sure that a change in the vagina after childbirth for the worse is inevitable. They believe that before the birth of a child, it is tight and small, and after that it is wide. In fact, it is not the size that changes, but only the relief on the walls. But this is not a problem if you know how to restore the vagina after childbirth. Special exercise techniques or, in extreme cases, plastic, will solve the problem.
Women believe that by exercising

A fairly common problem for a woman in the postpartum period is prolapse of the genitals. In addition to the discomfort caused, this threatens with serious illnesses, therefore it is very important for the health of a young mother, some time after discharge from the hospital, to make an appointment with a gynecologist to find out how the genitals are restored after childbirth.

To understand how the organs of the female reproductive system function, let's delve a little into physiology.

There is a concept - the pelvic floor. This is a kind of muscular membrane that closes the pelvic bones at the bottom and supports all organs in the pelvic region. The area of the pelvic region that is located between the vagina and the coccyx is called the perineum.

The pelvic muscles support the female reproductive organs, as well as the rectum and urethra. Their correct, normal location entirely depends on the state of the supporting muscles of the pelvis, the violation of which leads to the problem of prolapse or prolapse of the genitals.

How do the symptoms appear?

The full picture is clarified at the reception of the gynecologist after examination on the chair. Signs of genital prolapse can manifest in different ways. Basically, women feel soreness and distension in the lower back and lower abdomen, a feeling of heaviness. These signs are manifested in full during the day, and in the lying position they subside or are not so pronounced. Frequent and difficult urination may occur, which, with prolonged inactivity in terms of treatment, can develop into a serious disease - pyelonephritis. This is due to the ingress of infection into the organs of the genitourinary system. Pyelonephritis can manifest itself as dull back pain, slight fever, nausea, difficulty urinating, discoloration and clarity of urine, general weakness and fatigue.

Bladder problems can be accompanied by urinary incontinence, when urine is released uncontrollably when coughing, sneezing or laughing.
The intestine reacts to dysfunction with the occurrence of constipation and colitis, as well as diarrhea alternating with constipation, general malaise, inability to retain feces and gases.

Sexual life at this time also causes dissatisfaction, weak sensations are associated with violations of the elasticity and tone of the vaginal muscles.
Menstruation is prolonged and painful, accompanied by profuse bleeding. This is due to the displacement of the uterus and the obstruction of the outflow of menstrual flow. Such cases sometimes end in infertility.

A slight prolapse of the walls of the vagina sometimes goes unnoticed, starting to develop and progress over the years. This process involves the organs of the urinary and digestive systems, which significantly impairs the quality of life and is fraught with the development of other diseases.

What are the causes of the malfunctioning of the pelvic floor muscles?

Damage and stretching of the pelvic muscles can occur during childbirth. This may be preceded by perineal tears or improperly fused sutures, as well as infection after childbirth. Episiotomy or small tears cannot lead to such consequences, since they do not directly affect the integrity of the muscles.
Even naturally occurring childbirth can lead to a prolapse of the walls of the pelvic organs, this can be explained by muscle stretching, which often leads to disruptions in the work of the sphincter muscles - annular muscles that can hold the anus and urethra in a compressed state, preventing the release of contents.
When forceps are applied or repeated childbirth, the ligamentous apparatus is weakened, in addition, repeated childbirth is more often characterized by the birth of a large fetus. If the passage of the child's head is difficult, and the attempts are ineffective, the obstetrician decides to conduct an episiotomy - an incision in the perineum, so as not to contribute to the weakening of the pelvic floor muscles when they are severely stretched.
The structure of the connective tissue can be inconsistent, which also leads to the prolapse of the internal organs.
Hormonal imbalance.
Diseases with a chronic course, which are accompanied by metabolic disorders: diabetes mellitus, hereditary metabolic diseases, metabolic syndrome.
Increased stress associated with physical labor.

How is the problem treated?

If the abnormalities in the supporting functions of the pelvic muscles are minor, and there are no complaints, treatment is not required. In cases of urinary incontinence, conservative or surgical treatment is performed.

Prolapse of the vaginal walls is treated by excising excess tissue and strengthening the muscles of the perineum by stitching. Subsequent births are performed only by caesarean section.

How to avoid the problem?

As a preventive measure, you can use Kegel exercises, which are aimed at strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor: periodic contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the perineum with a delay in one state for a while.

Even healthy women benefit from these exercises, as they help improve circulation to the pelvic organs and strengthen the vaginal muscles. These exercises will be good in preparation for childbirth, relieving pain, and will also help to enhance the pleasant sensations at the moment of intimacy, they help to learn to control the contractile movements of the pelvic muscles and help to normalize the activity of all internal organs.

What does the vagina look like after childbirth? This is a question that young women often ask themselves during their first pregnancy. Anxiety is usually associated with a possible increase in vaginal volume, which inevitably occurs after childbirth. But more women are worried about sexuality - suddenly such changes will affect their own feelings.

Vaginal transformations start from the beginning of pregnancy, and end only a few months after childbirth. This is a normal physiological process, which ends with a complete restoration of the shape and volume of the organ. To an insufficient extent, it occurs only in women who have given birth to many children (more than three).

There are also pathological conditions in which the vagina does not recover enough after childbirth. These include birth trauma to the mother - tears in the vagina or perineum. But even after them, full recovery is possible - with competent and timely assistance from obstetricians.

To fully understand the changes taking place in a woman's genitals, it is necessary to learn about their anatomy and functions.

Normal structure and function

The vagina has two parts - the outer and the inner. The first is the vestibule - skin formations that delimit the organ from the external environment. They include the labia, clitoris and Bartholin glands. Their role is to protect the soft and delicate mucosa from injury and infection.

The inner part of a woman's genitals is shaped like a tube, which consists of several layers. Since the composition contains muscle tissue, with its normal tone, the vagina from the inside resembles a gap.

In it, the front and back walls are distinguished, which cover the cervix from above. This structure allows you to quickly rebuild these organs by the time of childbirth, creating a channel convenient for the passage of the baby.

The labia majora are located on the sides of the opening of the vagina and look like two folds of skin tucking inward.
Between them are the labia minora, which is the border between the inner and outer parts.
Bartholin's glands secrete a special lubricant - it moisturizes the vaginal mucosa and has an antibacterial effect.
The mucous surface has many folds located in the longitudinal direction. This feature allows you to significantly increase the volume of the vagina during pregnancy and childbirth.
In the muscle layer, the fibers are directed mainly longitudinally and are connected with a similar layer of the uterine wall. Therefore, in a relaxed state, they can stretch well and expand the lumen of the genitals.

In the genitals of a woman, beneficial bacteria live - lactobacilli. They create lactic acid, which creates conditions favorable for the movement of sperm. It also has an antibacterial effect - many microorganisms die in an acidic environment.

Vaginal changes during pregnancy and childbirth

The main role in preparing a woman's reproductive tract for childbirth is played by the hormone progesterone. It is secreted from a special gland (corpus luteum) that develops on the ovaries after ovulation. It reaches its maximum size in the first months of pregnancy, and then gradually decreases.

The action of the hormone is associated with a strong effect on smooth muscle tissue and blood vessels. It causes relaxation of muscles and expansion of the lumen of blood vessels. Due to a decrease in the tone and stagnation of blood, the tissues become softer and more elastic.

Due to the expansion of blood vessels, the muscles of the vagina are filled with blood and soften. Longitudinal muscle fibers gradually increase in size, but by the time of delivery, their tone is minimal. This allows the child to move freely by stretching them.

The mucous membrane becomes darker and more moist, which is associated with improved blood circulation. A large number of folds during childbirth are straightened, moving along with the muscles.
Progesterone affects the properties of connective tissue, reducing the amount of dense collagen fibers in it. Thanks to this, the anterior and posterior adhesions of the vagina (the junction of the labia) become softer and more elastic. This protects them from rupture when the child passes through the vestibule of the genital tract.

Progesterone also has a beneficial effect on the vaginal microflora - lactobacilli. During childbirth, they get on the baby, then populating his intestines. They protect his skin from dangerous bacteria, and also allow him to digest breast milk from the first days.

The vagina after childbirth is normal

In the normal course of pregnancy (in antenatal clinics) and childbirth, complications are extremely rare. Their main reason is the discrepancy between the size of the child and the female genital tract. Normally, small damage to the mucous membrane is possible - cracks, abrasions, bruises.

Due to the change in hormonal levels at the end of pregnancy and after childbirth, normal muscle tone and blood circulation are restored. There comes a period of release of a new hormone - prolactin. It is opposite in action to progesterone and is aimed at stimulating the formation of milk in the mother.

All recovery processes take no more than three months, and much depends on the individual capabilities of the mother - on the age and number of previous births. If the girl is not more than 25 years old and is the first to give birth, then the vagina will take on a normal shape in two weeks.

Changes

The main transformations during pregnancy concern the uterus - it takes the longest to recover and requires careful medical supervision over this process. In the external genitalia, this occurs imperceptibly from the outside. But with the return to sexual activity, partners note a change in sensations.

Women usually complain of decreased sensitivity and decreased libido. And men note an increase in a woman's organs in size and a decrease in her elasticity. Often these problems are associated with an early return to intimacy, while the restoration of the vagina has not yet been completed.
After childbirth, the vagina slightly changes its shape - this is due to stretching of the muscles and mucous membrane. Unlike injuries, the muscle layer does not break, but its fibers stretch slightly and diverge in the transverse direction.

The most noticeable changes appear after the first pregnancy - the mucous membrane is significantly stretched, and then forms many folds. The vagina changes from a slit to a fusiform (wide in the center, narrowed at the edges). In multiparous, it gradually acquires the shape of a cylinder, which is associated with stretching of the ligamentous apparatus.
Small abrasions, cracks and hemorrhages heal within the first day after childbirth. This is facilitated by a change in the hormonal background, which enhances the ability of the mucous membrane to recover.
During the first week, smearing mucous discharge from the vagina is possible. They are associated with increased activity of the glands of the genital tract and a sharp decrease in the size of the uterus.
The muscles and skin of the perineum are restored the fastest - after two weeks their tone returns to normal. It is these formations that play the main role in maintaining a normal form. If you train them after pregnancy, then you can achieve the same shape of the genitals.

Prolactin also affects a woman's emotional state, directing her attention to the care and protection of the child. With this dominant, he inhibits libido, while simultaneously suppressing ovulation in a woman. Therefore, while the young mother is in the feeding period, she will not have the desire to have sex.

Recovery methods

After childbirth, the vagina takes on its previous forms rather quickly - defects in the mucous membrane and muscles are eliminated within the first week. Therefore, the main activities are aimed at strengthening the perineum. Gymnastics and physiotherapy exercises are used, as well as vitamin therapy.

During the first week, when it is still difficult for a woman to do any exercises, dosed walks can be used. Half an hour of calm walking a day is enough to improve blood circulation in the perineum. Normal blood flow provides an increase in perineal muscle tone, which strengthens the vaginal walls. It will be much more useful to take a walk in the fresh air.
Gymnastics can be started depending on how you feel, but no later than two weeks. The exercise is one and extremely simple - alternating tension and relaxation of the muscles of the perineum is performed. The woman puts her feet shoulder-width apart and makes such movements with her buttocks. On the day of such procedures, it is necessary from 3 to 5 (at least twenty squeezes-unclenches in each).
Physiotherapy exercises begins two weeks after childbirth. It includes a set of various exercises for the muscles of the lower extremities. They start with stretching - it will strengthen the ligaments and increase the tone of the perineum.
Swimming will be useful - it evenly develops the muscles of the body. Unlike other types of exercise, it does not increase pressure on the pelvic organs. Two workouts per week are enough to get the desired effect.
Vitamin E and ascorbic acid are antioxidants and are good for vaginal recovery after childbirth. They improve metabolic processes in the connective tissue, which allows you to quickly eliminate small defects in the walls of the genital organs.

The main problem of women in the postpartum period is the reassessment of their condition. Therefore, instead of worries, it is better to direct your energies to eliminating these small shortcomings.

Injury to the genitals during childbirth

Since all the soft tissues of the perineum are subjected to significant pressure, tears occur if they lack elasticity. They are characteristic of those giving birth for the first time - women are often not ready for childbirth mentally and physically. On average, every sixth birth is accompanied by soft tissue injuries.

Responsibility for ruptures always lies with the doctors, since timely assistance was not provided. The reason is always the discrepancy between the size of the birth canal and the child moving along them. Small injuries are not dangerous and heal on their own within the first week after delivery.

Severe ruptures are accompanied by simultaneous damage to neighboring organs - the urethra and rectum. Such injuries require immediate surgery, as they directly threaten the life of the mother. After them, repeated births through natural routes are rarely feasible, as their cicatricial deformation occurs.

Treatment of ruptures is usually prompt - immediately after childbirth, large defects are sutured under local anesthesia. The most cosmetic damage to the vagina - outwardly the seam will not be visible, since the scars dissolve on the mucous membrane. If there was an injury to the skin of the perineum, then in any case there will be a scar that will eventually become invisible.

To prevent ruptures, a woman in labor needs to learn how to push and relax correctly. For this, methods of breathing exercises are used - this allows you to regulate the pressure on the perineum.

The vagina (vagina / colpos) refers to the internal female genital organs, it is a tube about ten centimeters long that connects the external genitalia and the cervix, forming four vaults. Its wall has three layers - mucous, smooth muscle, connective tissue. Together they are about four millimeters thick. Throughout life, the organ undergoes physiological changes. What happens to the vagina after a natural birth? What is considered the norm, how does pathology manifest itself?

The mucous membrane of the genital tract is covered with stratified squamous epithelium that does not have glands. In puberty, transverse folds form on it, the number of which decreases in proportion to the increase in the number of births. The smooth muscle layer has a median location, well stretchable. External - consists of connective tissue, located adjacent to the bladder, urethra, rectum.

Of greatest importance in maintaining the position of the vagina is the perineum, especially the inner layer of the pelvic floor. It compresses the pubic part of the levator anus muscle, which is quite often injured during the passage of the fetal head. The condition of the vagina after childbirth depends on the quality of restoring the integrity of this levator muscle.

What is the function of the vagina?

The genital tract constantly interacts with the external environment, the likelihood of ingress of pathogenic microbial flora is high. An obstacle to the colonization of pathogenic bacteria is the physiological tone of the muscles of the perineum, self-cleaning of the vagina due to cyclic hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.

The mucous membrane undergoes restructuring within a month - its layer grows in the first phase of the cycle and is rejected in the second. In addition, it produces protective immunoglobulin A, maintains a stable environment for the reproduction of beneficial bacteria (lactobacilli) and is uncomfortable for pathogens.

Lactic acid fermentation sticks form a protective film on the walls of the vagina and produce antibiotic-like substances. A decrease in levels during pregnancy leads to a decrease in the amount of nutrients necessary for the normal functioning of lactobacilli. Against this background, the likelihood of colonization of pathogenic microbes and viruses increases.

Recovery stages

During pregnancy and childbirth, the vagina / colpos undergoes restructuring, returning to its original state within three weeks. How does the vagina change during this period?

narrows;
getting shorter;
redness and swelling of the walls disappear;
the mucous membrane is restored.

It looks a little wider, with a slightly open entrance, fewer transverse folds. After the second birth, there are even fewer of them. The muscles of the perineum acquire a normal tone by the end of the second week. From the first day on the continuation of six weeks, lochiae are released from the genital tract, which have a bloody appearance during the first three days, gradually turning into sacral and mucous discharge.

The postpartum period is called puerperia, at which time the woman's body is at risk of infections. Immediately after childbirth, the surface of the uterus is a wide wound, the cervix, and the vagina are often injured. Remains of membranes, blood clots represent a favorable environment for the reproduction of microbes, tissue resistance and the number of lactobacilli are reduced.

In such conditions, postpartum ulcers can develop. Predisposing factors are vaginal rupture, emptied, drained hematoma. In the absence of complications after three weeks, the situation changes - the number of lactic acid fermentation sticks returns to normal. In the analysis of the discharge one month after childbirth, no differences are found, it corresponds to a smear of nulliparous healthy women.

The lumen of the vagina in primiparous does not return to its original state, it becomes somewhat wider. The capacity of the organ decreases, swelling, redness, small abrasions gradually disappear over four days.

The normal course of the puerperal period involves recovery within a month. Why the process can be delayed, what are the reasons?

Manifestation of pathology

In case of deviations from the natural course of labor, the recovery period may last longer. Anxiety is caused by the symptoms that accompany diseases of the genital area, are obstetric complications. Women may be bothered by:

dryness of the vagina;
pain;
unpleasant odor;
edema;
omission of the walls;
profuse discharge.

Dryness should not be a concern. This phenomenon can be explained by a temporary physiological decrease in estrogen levels. Feelings are more pronounced in women who are breastfeeding, they pass on their own. Unpleasant discomfort during sexual activity is reduced with the help of special lubricants purchased from pharmacies.

Rectovaginal fistulas

An unpleasant odor from the vagina after childbirth can cause fistulas - pathological messages between organs that are not provided for by the normal anatomical structure. The reason for this condition can be the third degree. The disease is manifested by involuntary discharge of gases and feces from the genital tract, burning, itching, discharge.

In case of failure of the seams, it is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, perineum, and an increase in body temperature. Fistula openings are located on the back or lateral wall of the vagina, communicate with the lumen of the rectum, can have pinpoint dimensions or be more than one centimeter in diameter.

The disease is diagnosed during a gynecological examination using mirrors, sigmoidoscopy. There are conservative and surgical methods for treating fistulas. The choice of tactics depends on the location, size, condition of the surrounding tissues, pelvic floor muscles, concomitant pathology. Apply ointment tampons, sanitation, strengthening therapy, enemas with herbal decoctions.

Genitourinary fistula

Involuntary leakage of urine from the genital tract is a symptom of the disease. Pathology arises as a result of obstetric trauma during the emergency extraction of the fetus, prolonged standing of the head in one plane of the pelvis. In this situation, a three-tampon test, vaginography, cystoscopy, sonography of the kidneys and bladder, gynecological examination are used for diagnosis. In most cases, surgical treatment is performed.

Painful sensations

Vaginal pain can occur after external and internal sutures are placed on the perineum. The sutured mucosa returns to normal - in a few days the edema disappears, the suture material in its thickness dissolves within a month. The tissues should heal anatomically, without gross cicatricial changes. This period does not always go smoothly - the seams can diverge, the wound becomes infected, which is accompanied by pain, discharge with an unpleasant odor.

Depending on the situation, medical treatment or secondary sutures are applied. Narrowing of the vagina after inadequate suturing results in painful intercourse.

Colpitis

Itching in the vagina in the postpartum period occurs with inflammatory processes, allergic reactions,. Gynecologists can sort out the problem during the examination. These diseases are characterized by vaginal edema, hyperemia, pathological discharge from the genital tract. This symptom is a reason for going to a doctor, examining secretions for flora and antibiotic sensitivity.

Based on the examination data and test results, the gynecologist prescribes treatment. With the allergic nature of the process, antihistamines are prescribed. Yeast colpitis is treated with antifungal agents, inflammation of bacterial etiology - with antibiotics.

Position anomalies

Pathological childbirth with a large fetus, twins, vaginal delivery operations, perineal ruptures can be complicated by the prolapse of the vaginal walls, its prolapse. The cause of the anomaly is:

excessive pressure on normal anatomical structures;
muscle weakness even with normal exposure strength;
the presence of defects in the connective tissue fascia - pubic-cervical and rectovaginal.

The location of the defect determines which walls will fall out. The disorder occupies 28% in the structure of gynecological diseases, appears in reproductive age, and progresses over time. Synonyms for anomalies are prolapse, prolapse. Risk factors are the failure of the ligamentous apparatus in congenital dysplasia of the connective tissue, hypoestrogenism, birth traumatism, metabolic disorders, age-related changes.

Development options:

The prolapse of the anterior wall leads to a prolapse of the bladder, called cystocele.
The descent of the posterior wall is called rectocele, since the anterior rectum wall (rectum) descends along with the vagina.
Descent of the posterior fornix - enterocele.

Prolapse can be felt as a foreign body in the vagina, accompanied by urination disorders, bowel movement disorders, and a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen. On examination, the mucous membrane of the genital tract looks edematous, with a bluish tinge, has a dry, thin appearance.

Hair loss treatment

Vaginal prolapse has three stages of development - partial prolapse without going beyond the genital slit, external protrusion, prolapse. For minor disorders, it is treated with the help of special therapeutic exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor, physiotherapy exercises, and wearing a pessary. In severe cases, surgical treatment is recommended.

During surgical correction, vaginal plastic is performed - anterior colporrhaphy, colpoperineolevatoroplasty, colpopexy; synthetic prostheses are used to completely restore the damaged pelvic fascia.

Anterior colporrhaphy is done when the anterior wall of the vagina is lowered - a flap of excess tissue is cut out with subsequent suturing of the defect. Its fascia is isolated, on which separate sutures are applied. The intervention helps to reduce the size of the organ, strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

In colpoperineolevatoroplasty, excess tissue is removed from the posterior wall, and the musculo-connective tissue frame of the pelvic floor is restored. Particular attention is paid to the allocation and stitching of levators - muscles that raise the anus.

Colpopexy involves fixation of the vaginal dome. The operation is performed with a vaginal or abdominal laparoscopic approach. In this case, the dome is fixed to the sacrospinous or the anterior longitudinal ligament of the sacrum, respectively.

The operation to install a synthetic prosthesis is called colpopexy, and also TVM (transvaginal mesh). The essence of the method consists in the elimination of all anatomical defects of the pelvic floor according to the standard technique using mesh prostheses. Located under the connective tissue, the prosthesis duplicates the contour of the vagina, reliably eliminating prolapse without changing the anatomical location of the organ.

Healing exercises

The role of physical therapy (exercise therapy) is important for rehabilitation in the postpartum period. It enables the body to recover faster and improve lactation. With its help, posture disturbed after pregnancy is corrected, the perineum is strengthened. The objectives of remedial gymnastics are:

improving blood circulation in the pelvic organs to prevent blood clots;
elimination of stagnation;
stimulation of uterine contractions for proper involution;
strengthening the muscles and ligaments of the abdominal wall, perineum to ensure the correct position of the internal organs, genital tract;
activation of metabolism, tone;
normalization of the intestines, bladder.

In the normal course of childbirth, classes begin from the first day of the postpartum period. In the early days, it is recommended to pay attention to them for fifteen minutes, doing eight exercises, repeating each four times. First, wiggling fingers, stretching, rotation of the hands with simultaneous deviation of the feet, twists of the body in bed are performed. From the third day, they switch to lifting the pelvis with support on the feet and shoulder blades. Exercises are performed in a horizontal position from the first to the seventh day.

After reducing the size of the uterus, they move to an upright position, add circular movements with the pelvis, turns and tilts of the body, half-squats, and leg lifts. To achieve a stable positive result, the duration of the course should be up to three months of daily classes.

During pregnancy, the entire female body is rebuilt, and, naturally, this happens most of all during the birth of a baby. The biggest transformations occur with the genitals: they change their shape and size. This is a normal natural process through which a baby is born. After the birth of the baby, the vagina is restored to its size, but this does not always happen as quickly as we would like. Let's take a closer look at what changes are taking place and how they are changing. view of the vagina after childbirth.

Vagina before and after childbirth differs in its size. When the baby goes through the paths, they stretch a lot, which is why microtraumas and even ruptures occur. As a result of this, most likely. This usually goes away 3-4 days after the woman's delivery, and everything is completely restored within 6-8 weeks. To speed up recovery, special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the vagina, which we will talk about a little later, will help.

Before a woman gives birth, her body prepares for the birth of a new life. The walls of the vagina are loosened, the muscles become more elastic, new cells begin to grow in the connective tissues, which help to stretch them better. During the permit, a special lubricant is released to make it easier for the baby to be born. But, despite all this, injuries can occur, the capillaries can be damaged, due to which the genital fissure acquires a bluish tint. In fact, this is how it should be, this is normal. If there is no significant damage, the color will soon recover to a normal light pink.

Low activity of the muscles of the genital organs and disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system lead to a decrease in their sensitivity.

The Kegel complex will help to improve the situation.

Decreased estrogen levels (especially in moms who are breastfeeding) can cause dryness vagina women... However, itching that occurs as a result of dryness disappears after the restoration of hormonal levels. To get rid of it, it is recommended to use special lubricants that moisturize the path.

Vagina immediately after childbirth stretches because the relief of the inner surface of the walls of this organ changes. In women who have already given birth, the relief decreases, becomes less pronounced, smoothed.

Such smoothness gives the illusion of being stretched, but often it does not correspond to reality.

Genitals after childbirth will recover on their own in a fairly short period.

Let us now consider the complications that may arise.

Effects

Itching

Naturally, such a complex procedure as the birth of a new life will not take place just like that, leaving no consequences. The most common complication among women in labor is itching. It arises both as a result of hormonal changes, as already mentioned, and because of pathologies.

If itching does not go away over time, and even gets worse, contact your gynecologist to determine the likely disease and further treatment.

If surgery has been performed, scabies can be caused by an allergy to suture threads or antiseptic drugs used in their processing. But if the itching is accompanied by an unpleasant odor, this is a symptom of organ inflammation, such as inflammation of the uterus or rotting of the seam.

Descent of the bosom

Weakened by the birth of a new life, the pelvic muscles are often unable to hold the female bosom, which is why, after the birth of a new man, it sinks down.

There are 3 degrees of severity:

partial lowering of one wall of the vagina, not extending beyond the entrance to it;
lowering both walls outward from the entrance to the bosom;
complete prolapse of the reproductive system to the outside, often accompanied by prolapse of the uterus.

The last degree is the most difficult and requires immediate surgical intervention. For the prevention of such a pathology, it is recommended to perform the Kegel complex, which is convenient to do at any time of the day. By the way, the first degree is easily corrected thanks to this complex, if you do the exercise every day.

Allocations

Watch your labia drainage closely. This is normal for the first two months. At first, they are abundant, with bloody dark clots, but gradually become colorless and decrease in volume. And at the end of the second month they stop altogether.

But if after 8 weeks the discharge has not gone away, it is still abundant, with an unpleasant odor and itching, urgently contact a qualified specialist. It is worth paying attention if the discharge has stopped very quickly, or if blood clots are still in them during the entire period.

Decrease sensitivity

For a while, the lady is likely to lose sensitivity, since it takes time for the organs to recover. But do not worry too much about this, as soon everything will return to normal.

Pain

Very often, mothers experience such discomfort, and it hurts for everyone in different ways. This is due to tears in the perineum and sprains in which sutures are applied. By themselves, the genital tract cannot hurt, but when sutures are applied, the nerve endings are touched. With healing, the pain disappears, but if the pain is accompanied by scabies and an unpleasant odor, this is the first symptom of the inflammatory process.

Kegel exercises

Let's take a closer look at the Kegel complex. It is prescribed by doctors to strengthen and tone the pelvic floor muscles. At the same time, it is very easy to perform and only takes a few minutes a day. Exercise improves tissue blood flow and helps make muscles supple and taut.

Let's get started. For 10-20 seconds, we strain the perineum and vagina, as if trying to stop urination. We relax the muscles for about the same time. We do it 2-4 more times, and gradually increase the number of approaches.

This complex is convenient because it can be performed anywhere: at home, on the street, at work, sitting in front of the TV and in transport, right after sleep or before going to bed.

At first, it will be difficult to maintain a constant muscle tension, but if you exercise regularly, then every time it will turn out better and better. But if you think about increasing the strength of muscle tissue even during pregnancy, you can avoid many pathologies that arise after the birth of a child. It is enough to give yourself to your beloved just a few minutes a day.

Prophylaxis

In addition to this complex, there are several more recommendations for the prevention of the above diseases. The following rules should be observed for the first 2 months:

Abstinence from intimacy. In no case do not resume your intimate life ahead of schedule. Otherwise, it will lead to the introduction of infection into the uterus, which can develop into a serious illness. ... Treatment can put a ban on breastfeeding, and also provoke infertility.
Charger. Again, this is the most effective way not only to raise the reproductive gap, but also to prevent its prolapse, urinary incontinence and organ displacement. You just need to understand which muscles need training. A simple test will help. When urinating, try to hold it back and resume. These muscles need to be trained. Regular execution will quickly restore the size of the vagina after childbirth.
Strong physical activity can cause the walls of the womb to fall out. In pursuit of a beautiful slender body, do not overdo it, overloading your body. Recovery should take place gradually, without severe stress and strain.

When you resume your intimate life, watch the microflora. Use special lubricants for dryness and discomfort. Lubricants should be free of any additives or fragrances. After the restoration of the normal functioning of the endocrine system, the microflora will recover by itself, and the discomfort will go away.

Myths

Many people are often confused about what the vagina looks like after childbirth. Let's dispel some myths:

It is believed that the size of the vagina after childbirth changes forever. But this is not the case, since the vagina is a muscle that contracts, but does not change its size in any way. Only the relief of the walls changes, which creates the illusion of elongation.
Mom is misled by pain in the womb, but it itself cannot hurt, because there are very few nerve endings. Painful sensations arise when the skin is irritated by mechanical or chemical means, or when muscles are contracted.
It is also a myth that dryness and discomfort are abnormal. The statement is true only if the dryness does not go away after the cessation of breastfeeding, that is, after the restoration of normal hormonal levels.

If you don't like it, what does the vagina look like after childbirth, it is better to once again consult your doctor to make sure that everything is in order, or to prevent the development of the disease.

Your life and the life of your child depends on your physical and mental state. Remember to take time for yourself to take care of your health.