The report on Fyodor Tyutchev, presented in this article, will tell you about the great Russian poet, a representative of the “golden” age.
Message about Tyutchev
Childhood and teenage years of the future poet
He was born on November 23, 1803 in the village of Ovstug, in the Oryol province. His parents were noble and educated people. Therefore, they wanted to give their son an appropriate education: teacher Semyon Raich taught him at home, who instilled in him a love of poetry. Already at the age of 12, Fyodor was translating the works of Horace and trying to write poems. The boy's talent was amazing. At the age of 14 he was accepted into the staff of the Society of Lovers of Literature. And in 1816 Tyutchev became a volunteer student at Moscow University. In 1819 he entered the Faculty of Philology, which he graduated in just 2 years.
Life abroad
Having received a doctorate in literature, he got a job at the College of Foreign Affairs. In 1822, Tyutchev went to serve in Munich. For a while, Fyodor Ivanovich was forced to abandon his literary activities and devote himself to the diplomatic service. Nevertheless, he continued to write poetry, albeit for himself, without advertising it. He returned to his homeland only in 1825. Returning to Munich, he married Eleanor Peterson, taking custody of her 3 children from his first marriage. The couple also had their own children - 3 beautiful daughters. The city also gave him friendship with the philosopher Schelling and the poet Heine.
In the spring of 1836, Fyodor Ivanovich transferred his lyrical works to St. Petersburg, which were published in Pushkin’s magazine Sovremennik. In general, his German service lasted 15 years. In the spring of 1837, the poet and diplomat received leave and went to St. Petersburg for 3 months.
At the end of his vacation, he was redirected to Turin as first secretary and charge d'affaires of the Russian mission. His wife dies in Italy and a year later he marries Mrs. Ernestine Dernberg again. This was the beginning of the end of his diplomatic career, as he voluntarily went to Switzerland for a wedding.
Fyodor Ivanovich tried for 2 whole years to return to service, but in vain. He was permanently excluded from the list of Ministry officials. After his dismissal, Tyutchev lived for another 4 years in Munich, Germany.
The poet returned to his father's land in 1843. At first he lived in Moscow, then moved to St. Petersburg. In the spring of 1845, he was hired by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His career began to improve. But the poet’s wonderful poems and journalistic articles, although they were published, were never read.
After himself, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev left 24 lyrical works, the article “Russian minor poets ».
- The poet was very amorous. At first he was fond of Countess Amalia, then he married Eleanor Peterson. After her death, Tyutchev again married Ernestina Dernberg. But Fyodor Ivanovich cheated on her for 14 years with Elena Denisyeva, who became his third wife.
- Him there were 9 children from three marriages.
- He dedicated poems to his beloved women.
- The constant activity of a statesman did not allow him to develop as a professional writer.
- He dedicated two of his poems
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev - Russian poet of the 19th century, diplomat and publicist. He also served as a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. More than 400 poems came from his pen. Tyutchev was born on December 5, 1803 in the family estate of Ovstug, located in the Oryol province.
Early years
Young Fedya's parents were of a noble family, so they raised their son accordingly. The future poet received an excellent education at home; by the age of 13 he was well versed in ancient Roman poetry. The boy also knew Latin and could translate the poetry of Horace. His home teacher was the poet and translator S.E. Raich.
At the age of 15, the young man began attending lectures on literature, which took place at Moscow University. He became a student at this educational institution. A year later, Tyutchev was enrolled in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
In 1821, Fedor graduated from the university and went to work at the College of Foreign Affairs. After some time, he had to move to Munich as a diplomat. The poet spent 22 years abroad, where he managed to start a family with Eleanor Peterson. The woman was the greatest love of his life, they had three daughters.
In addition, while working in Munich, Fyodor Ivanovich became interested in German idealist philosophy. He repeatedly communicated with Friedrich Schelling and became friends with Heinrich Heine. It was Tyutchev who became the first translator of his works into Russian.
Debut as a poet
As a teenager, Tyutchev wrote several poems, but they were not popular with critics and readers. In addition, the young man did not like publicity; he rarely published his works. The period of his work from 1810 to 1820 was extremely archaic. The poems were reminiscent of the poetry of the last century. Among them are works such as “Summer Evening”, “Insomnia”, “Vision”, published in the pages of Rajic’s magazine “Galatea”.
The poet's full-fledged debut took place in 1836 thanks to A.S. Pushkin, who accidentally received his notebook with poems. The classic was able to appreciate the talent of Fyodor Ivanovich and published 16 of his poems in his magazine Sovremennik. At this time, he began to improve his style and used some forms of European romanticism. Tyutchev skillfully combined them with Russian lyrics, thanks to which his original poems were remembered by readers.
Nevertheless, even recognition from Pushkin did not bring popularity to Fedor. He managed to become famous only after returning to his homeland, when a separate collection of poems was published in 1854. Then an additional cycle of poems was released, dedicated to Tyutchev’s mistress Elena Denisyeva.
At this time, Afanasy Fet, Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Ivan Turgenev admired the poet’s talent. Nikolai Nekrasov even writes an article dedicated to Tyutchev’s work and publishes it in the Sovremennik magazine. Thanks to this, his works are successful, and Fyodor Ivanovich gains fame.
Return to Russian lands
In 1837, Fedor was appointed first secretary of the Russian mission in Turin. His wife dies there. She could not stand the constant betrayal on the part of her husband, in addition, Eleanor often complained about her health. In 1839, the poet married his mistress; for the sake of the wedding, he left for Switzerland without the consent of his superiors.
Because of this, Tyutchev’s career as a diplomat ended. For the next five years he lived in Munich without official status while trying to regain his position. Fedor was unable to do this, so he had to go back to Russia. Since 1848, Fyodor Ivanovich became senior censor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, he does not stop writing and participates in Belinsky’s circle. The poet constantly communicated with creative people. Among them were such writers as Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Nekrasov, Ivan Goncharov and others.
In the 50s, the next stage in Tyutchev's poetry began. At this time, he wrote mainly on political topics, but did not publish his poems. From 1843 to 1850, Fedor spoke with political articles about the utopian future of the “all-Slavic empire” and the inevitable collision of Russia with the whole world. In 1858, the poet became chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee. It is noteworthy that he repeatedly defended the persecuted publications.
In 1848-1850 the writer creates several beautiful poems, completely immersed in political themes. These include such poetry as “To a Russian Woman,” “Reluctantly and timidly...” and “When in a circle of murderous worries...”.
The year 1864 became a turning point in the poet’s life. First, his beloved Elena Denisyeva dies of consumption, and a year later their children together die. The decisive blow was the death of Fedor's mother. The published collection did not gain popularity; difficult times came in Fedor’s life. Due to numerous problems, his health deteriorated significantly. On July 15, 1873, the poet died in Tsarskoye Selo. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Until the end of his life, the poet remained in public service, never becoming a professional writer. His last years were marked by the writing of political poems. Among them are the works “When the Decrepit Forces ...” and “To the Slavs”.
Stormy personal life
Fyodor Ivanovich was an incredibly amorous person. It is noteworthy that the poet dedicated poems to all his women. In addition, he had 9 children from different marriages. In his youth, Tyutchev was in a romantic relationship with Countess Amalia. Shortly after this, the poet married Eleanor Peterson, whom he repeatedly called the main woman in his life. He was broken when his beloved died. Tyutchev spent the night at her coffin, the next morning he became completely gray.
But after some time, the poet found solace in the arms of Ernestina Dernberg. Their romance began much earlier; it was this betrayal that undermined Eleanor’s health, coupled with a shipwreck in Turin. A year after the death of his wife, Tyutchev got married again.
One wife was not enough for Fyodor Ivanovich, so he soon began to cheat on her too. Elena Denisyeva became the publicist’s mistress; their relationship lasted more than 14 years. All my friends were against this connection due to the age difference. The girl was the same age as the writer’s daughter.
After the public became aware of the relationship between Elena and Fyodor, the father disowned the girl. She had to drop out of college and live in a rented apartment. But Denisyeva, in love, was not too interested in this; she wanted to throw herself headlong into the pool of unknown feelings. The girl devoted herself entirely to him and even gave birth to daughters for the poet.
Tyutchev could not stay with any woman for long, Denisyeva was no exception. In 1851, he wrote a poem that uniquely sums up their relationship. Nevertheless, the couple continued to cohabit, they had strong friendships, even if Fedor’s love faded away. In August 1864, Lena died in the arms of her loved one.
Interesting life facts about the creativity and personal life of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev have been little studied, and this is due to the fact that the famous writer, despite his own publicity, did not prefer to talk about himself. Interesting facts about Tyutchev say that he was withdrawn and experienced any trouble alone with himself. As you know, Tyutchev’s biography is silent about many things. But still, interesting facts about this writer can be useful for every fan of his work, and therefore it is important to study them.
1. According to his mother, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is considered a distant relative of Tolstoy.
2. Tyutchev himself did not consider himself a professional.
3. The poet was in poor health.
4. With particular interest, Tyutchev learned many languages, namely: ancient Greek, German, Latin and French.
5. Knowing many foreign languages, Fyodor Ivanovich had to study at the College of Foreign Affairs.
6.Eleanor Peterson is considered Tyutchev’s first wife. At the time she met Fyodor Ivanovich, she already had four children.
7. Tyutchev’s first teacher was Semyon Egorovich Raich.
8. Tyutchev was considered a loving person. Over the years of his life with his beloved wife, he had to cheat.
9. Fyodor Ivanovich was not only a famous poet, but also a diplomat.
10. He received his primary education at home.
11. Tyutchev dedicated poems to each beloved woman.
12. Tyutchev had 9 children from all his marriages.
13. Even Tyutchev’s poems were dedicated to Pushkin.
14. Tyutchev comes from a noble family.
15. Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev wrote his first poem at the age of 11.
16. In 1861, a collection of Tyutchev’s poems was published in German.
17. Fyodor Ivanovich is a classic of Russian literature.
18. This poet preferred to glorify nature and lyrics in poetry.
19. Tyutchev was considered an avid heartthrob.
20. Fyodor Ivanovich’s third wife was 23 years younger than him. Tyutchev had a civil marriage with this woman.
21. Fyodor Ivanovich was able to survive his “last love” for 9 years.
22. The poet was born in the Oryol province.
23. Until the end of his life, Fyodor Ivanovich was interested in the politics of Russia and Europe.
24. The poet’s health failed in 1873: he developed severe headaches, lost his sight, and his left arm became paralyzed.
25. Tyutchev was considered the favorite of all women.
26. In 1822, Tyutchev was appointed as a freelance official in Munich.
27. Researchers called Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev a romantic.
28. Tyutchev was convinced that happiness is the most powerful thing on the whole Earth.
29.The work of Fyodor Ivanovich was of a philosophical nature.
30. Tyutchev spoke with political articles.
31. The outstanding Russian poet was also an excellent political thinker.
32. Tyutchev died in Tsarskoe Selo.
33.Russophobia is the main problem that Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev addressed in his own articles.
34. Misfortunes haunted the poet starting in 1865.
35. Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died in great agony.
Fyodor Tyutchev is a famous Russian poet, a classic, whose works have long been firmly established in the school curriculum. He wrote about everything - about nature, about love and friendship, about political events. Tyutchev can rightfully be called a philosopher - in his poems he not only admired the beauty of Russian nature, but also reflected on the laws of nature, on the frailty of existence. The poet urged his readers to take care of every moment, appreciate life, and be able to find joy in it. He was a unique representative of the golden age of Russian poetry, who gave us entire collections of beautiful poems.
Childhood
Fyodor Tyutchev was born in the village of Ovstug (Oryol province) on November 23, 1803. He was the middle child in the family. Older brother Nikolai was born two years earlier, sister Daria was three years younger than the future poet. Parents, Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna, managed to create a strong, happy family in which the children lived very well and calmly. All representatives of this old noble patriarchal family had a high level of spirituality. From his mother, to whom he was very attached, Fyodor inherited many excellent qualities.
The middle son of Ekaterina Lvovna was distinguished by his fine spiritual organization, lyricism, and imaginative thinking. In his early years, his parents did not restrict his freedom; the boy received home education. When Fyodor was only four years old, the Tyutchevs recruited Nikolai Afanasyevich Khlopov into the service. This man, a former serf, managed to buy himself out of dependence and got a job with noble gentlemen. He had to look after little Fedya. Nikolai Afanasyevich was a competent, pious man. The gentlemen respected him, and for Fedor he became a real comrade.
It was Khlopov who witnessed the awakening of little Tyutchev’s poetic gift. The boy and his mentor were walking in a grove near a rural cemetery. He noticed a dead dove in the grass and was very sad. An impressionable boy buried the bird, and after that he composed an epitaph in its honor.
When Fedya was seven years old, a pleasant event happened in their family. Ekaterina Lvovna had long dreamed of a spacious mansion in the capital, where she could go during the cold season. In the winter of 1810, her dream came true; Ivan Nikolaevich purchased a good house in Moscow.
Little Fedya really liked life in Moscow. He was settled in a cozy, bright room, where the future poet read poems by Dmitriev, Zhukovsky and Derzhavin from morning to evening.
But two years later the measured life of the capital's nobility was grossly disrupted. The reason for this was the War of 1812. Napoleon's hordes were approaching Moscow. The Tyutchev family hastily leaves the capital and goes to Yaroslavl. After the cessation of hostilities, the family of the future poet returned to their Moscow mansion.
Back in Yaroslavl, parents decided that the time had come for their children to study seriously. It was necessary to select a good teacher who would teach the children the basics of grammar, arithmetic, and introduce them to geography and foreign languages. The choice fell on S.E. Raich, poet and translator. An intelligent and attentive mentor supported Fedor's interest in the exact sciences, classical languages and poetry. Tyutchev already knew Latin well at an early age, and at the age of 12 he independently translated Horace’s odes into Russian.
From the age of 14, the future publicist began attending lectures by A.F. Merzlyakov, the famous literary critic. The professor immediately drew attention to the young volunteer and noticed his extraordinary abilities. In February 1818, at a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, the eminent critic read Tyutchev’s ode “For the New Year 1816.” In March of the same year, the young poet was accepted as a member of the Society. In 1819, Fyodor Tyutchev’s poem “Horace’s Message to Maecenas” was published.
In the fall of 1819, the young man was enrolled at Moscow University. He studied at the Faculty of Literature, where he became closely acquainted with Mikhail Pogodin, Vladimir Odoevsky, and Stepan Shevyrev. The capable young man completed his studies at the university three years earlier and was graduated with a candidate's degree.
At the beginning of February 1822, Fyodor and his father went to the northern capital. Three weeks later, the young man was already enrolled in the College of Foreign Affairs.
An eighteen-year-old young man enters the service with the rank of provincial secretary, and ends it as a privy councilor. Tyutchev settled in the house of a relative, Count Osterman-Tolstoy. After some time, an influential relative obtained the position of freelance attaché for the young man at the Russian diplomatic mission in Bavaria.
Literary career
Once in the capital of Bavaria, Tyutchev regularly fulfills all his official duties. He spends his free time studying romantic poetry, German philosophy, translating works, etc. Fyodor Ivanovich writes poetry, which was published by the Russian magazine “Galatea” and the almanac “Northern Lyre”.
Fedor Tyutchev - Spring thunderstorm I love the thunderstorm at the beginning of May, when the first thunder of spring, as if frolicking and playing, rumbles in the blue sky. Young peals thunder, the rain splashes, the dust flies, rain pearls hang, and the sun gilds the threads. A swift stream runs from the mountain, The din of birds does not remain silent in the forest, And the din of the forest and the noise of the mountains - Everything cheerfully echoes the thunder. You will say: windy Hebe, Feeding Zeus's eagle, spilled a thunderous cup from the sky, laughing, onto the ground.It was in Munich that he wrote his most famous poems. Perhaps this is how homesickness influenced the poet. He wrote “Spring Storm” (1828), “Winter is Angry for No Reason” (1836), “How the Ocean Envelops the Globe” (1830), “Fountain” (1836) and many other works. In 1836, 16 poems by Tyutchev were published in the Sovremennik magazine. They were united by the title - “Poems sent from Germany.” This is how fame came to the poet.
In the biography of Fyodor Ivanovich, his acquaintance with Vaclav Hanka was of great importance. This happened in 1841; the figure of the Czech national revival had a great influence on the worldview of the Russian poet. After this acquaintance, the ideas of Slavophilism began to clearly manifest themselves in Tyutchev’s journalism and his political lyrics.
In 1848, Tyutchev took a new position and became senior censor. And although his poems were not published, this did not prevent Fyodor Ivanovich from being a prominent figure in the literary society of St. Petersburg. He highly valued Tyutchev's work; Fet considered his poems to be shining examples of “philosophical poetry.”
Tyutchev dedicated the poetry of recent years to his young lover, Elena Deniseva. This woman was the poet's real Muse.
She died in 1864, Tyutchev took his loss very hard. And only creativity helped him restore his mental strength.
Literary scholars call the poems of the “Denisevsky cycle” the pinnacle of the poet’s love lyrics. These include “All day she lay in oblivion...”, “Oh, this south, oh, this Nice!..”, “There is in the primordial autumn...”, and other, the best works of Tyutchev.
After the end of the Crimean War, Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov was appointed new Minister of Foreign Affairs. This prominent representative of the Russian political elite treated Fyodor Ivanovich with great respect; he respected Tyutchev for his deep intelligence and insight. Friendly relations with the chancellor made it possible for Tyutchev to influence Russian foreign policy.
The poet remained a constant supporter of Slavophile views. But after the defeat in the Crimean War, in the quatrain “Russia cannot be understood with the mind...” (1866), he calls on the people to a different, spiritual unification.
Fyodor Tyutchev - You can’t understand Russia with your mind You can’t understand Russia with your mind, you can’t measure it with a common yardstick: It has become something special - You can only believe in Russia.Fyodor Ivanovich did not consider himself a professional writer; poetry was always for him only a means of expressing thoughts and feelings. Throughout his life he wrote more than 400 poems. Yuri Lotman conventionally divides Tyutchev’s creative biography into three periods. According to his research, until mid-1820, the poet wrote youthful poems, which were largely imitative and close in style to the poetry of the 18th century.
From mid-1820 to 1840, Tyutchev wrote original works in which a fusion of Russian ode, European romanticism and pantheism is felt. After that comes a ten-year break (1840-1850). In the last period, from 1850 to 1970, the poet wrote his piercing “Denisevsky cycle” and many political poems, short, succinct, precise and unusually talented.
Personal life
Like many creative people, the poet drew inspiration from love. There were so many amorous adventures in his biography that the writer’s contemporaries composed real legends about them. A handsome, intelligent, sensual, well-mannered poet, he enjoyed great success with women.
His first love was Amalie Lerchenfeld, the illegitimate daughter of King Frederick William III of Prussia. The incredible beauty of this girl was admired by many men, among whom was Nicholas I, Count Benckendorff. Amalia met Tyutchev when she was only 14 years old. The young lady became very interested in the poet, and Fyodor also fell in love.
But his financial situation left much to be desired, and the demanding Amalia did not like this. She was not satisfied with an admirer who lived at her parents’ expense. Amalia was a rather mercantile person, and instead of love she chose material well-being. In 1825, the beauty married Baron Kründer. Such treachery was a big blow for Fedor; he could not come to his senses for a long time.
To prevent things from coming to a duel, envoy Vorontsov-Dashkov had to resort to some cunning. He sent the would-be groom on vacation, Tyutchev had to obey his boss. This sad story forever left an unhealed wound in the poet’s tender soul. Love, being in love was his natural state, without which he simply could not live and create.
The poet's next chosen one was Eleanor Peterson. For some time, the poet feels like an absolutely happy person. His career was going well; his superiors valued his intelligent and insightful official. But it didn't last long. Children appeared in the family, three daughters were born one after another. Expenses increased, but salaries were not enough. After some time, Fyodor Ivanovich lost interest in his wife and began spending a lot of time with friends and ladies from high society.
In 1833, the poet met Baroness Ernestina von Pfeffel at a ball. Soon the entire literary elite was talking loudly about this couple. The wife could not come to terms with this state of affairs and started quarrels and scandals. In the heat of another quarrel, the woman, driven to despair, stabbed herself in the chest with a dagger. The suicide attempt failed. The wound turned out to be not fatal, but even this incident and public censure did not stop Tyutchev. He continued to date Ernestina.
In 1838, the poet’s wife, who became a victim of a shipwreck, died. She experienced severe stress, which had a detrimental effect on her health. Tyutchev became a widower, and after the allotted time he led his beloved down the aisle. Fate took revenge on the baroness by treating her in the same way. Ernestine's happiness was short-lived; the family destroyer experienced all the pangs of jealousy. At the age of fourteen, she, who gave birth to Tyutchev’s three children, had to share her legal husband with his young mistress, Elena Denisyeva.
Tyutchev is one of the outstanding poets of the nineteenth century. His poetry is the embodiment of patriotism and great sincere love for the Motherland. The life and work of Tyutchev is the national heritage of Russia, the pride of the Slavic land and an integral part of the history of the state.
The beginning of the poet's life
The life of Fyodor Tyutchev began on December 5, 1803. The future poet was born in a family estate called Ovstug. Fyodor Ivanovich began receiving home education, studying Latin and ancient Roman poetry. At twelve years old, the boy was already translating Horace’s odes. In 1817 Tyutchev attended lectures at Moscow University (in the department of Literature).
The young man received his graduation certificate in 1821. It was then that he enlisted and was sent to Munich. He returned only in 1844.
Periodization of creative periods
The first period of creativity of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev lasts from the 1810s to the 1820s. At this time, the young poet wrote his first poems, which in style resemble the poetry of the eighteenth century.
The second period begins in the second half of the 1820s and lasts until the 1840s. The poem entitled “Glimmer” already has an original Tyutchev character, which combines Russian odic poetry of the eighteenth century and traditional European romanticism.
The third period covers the 1850s - 1870s. It is characterized by the creation of a number of political poems and civil treatises.
Russia in the works of Tyutchev
Upon returning to his homeland, the poet took the position of senior censor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Almost simultaneously with this, he joined Belinsky’s circle and became an active participant. The poems are being put aside for now, but a number of articles are being published in French. Among the many treatises there are “On Censorship in Russia”, “The Papacy and the Roman Question”. These articles are chapters to a book called “Russia and the West,” which Tyutchev wrote, inspired by the revolution of 1848-1849. This treatise contains the image of the thousand-year-old power of Russia. Tyutchev describes his Motherland with great love, expressing the idea that it is exclusively Orthodox in nature. This work also presents the idea that the whole world consists of revolutionary Europe and conservative Russia.
Poetry also takes on a slogan connotation: “To the Slavs”, “Vatican Anniversary”, “Modern” and other poems.
Many works reflect that which is inseparable from love for the Motherland. Tyutchev had such faith in Russia and its strong inhabitants that he even wrote to his daughter in letters that she could be proud of her people and that she would certainly be happy, if only because she was born Russian.
Turning to nature, Fyodor Ivanovich glorifies his Motherland, describes every dewdrop on the grass so that the reader is imbued with the same tender feelings for his land.
The poet always managed to maintain free thoughts and feelings; he did not submit to secular morality and ignored secular decency. Tyutchev's work is shrouded in love for all of Russia, for every peasant. In his poems, he calls it the European “ark of salvation,” but he blames the king for all the troubles and losses of his great people.
Life and work of Tyutchev
The creative path of Fyodor Ivanovich spans more than half a century. During this time, he wrote many treatises and articles, including in foreign languages. Three hundred poems created by Tyutchev are placed in one book.
Researchers call the poet a late romantic. Tyutchev’s work has a special character also because he lived abroad for a long time, because of this the author felt lost and alienated for many years.
Some historians and literary critics conditionally divide the life of Fyodor Ivanovich into two stages: 1820-1840. and 1850-1860
The first stage is devoted to the study of one’s own “I”, the formation of a worldview and the search for oneself in the Universe. The second stage, on the contrary, is an in-depth study of the inner world of one person. Critics call the “Denisevsky cycle” the main achievement of this period.
The main part of Fyodor Tyutchev's lyrics are poems that are philosophical, landscape-philosophical in nature and, of course, have a love theme. The latter also includes the poet’s letters to his lovers. Tyutchev's creativity also includes civil and political lyrics.
Tyutchev's love lyrics
The 1850s are characterized by the emergence of a new specific character. It becomes a woman. Love in Tyutchev’s work acquired concrete outlines; this is most noticeable in such works as “I Knew My Eyes,” “Oh, How Deadly We Love” and “Last Love.” The poet begins to study female nature, strives to understand her essence and comprehends her fate. Tyutchev's beloved girl is a person who is characterized by sublime feelings along with anger and contradictions. The lyrics are permeated with the pain and torment of the author, there is melancholy and despair. Tyutchev is convinced that happiness is the most fragile thing on earth.
"Denisevsky cycle"
This cycle also has another name - “love-tragedy”. All the poems here are dedicated to one woman - Elena Alexandrovna Deniseva. The poetry of this cycle is characterized by the understanding of love as a real human tragedy. Feelings here act as a fatal force that leads to devastation and subsequent death.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev did not take any part in the formation of this cycle, and therefore there are disputes between literary critics about who the poems are dedicated to - Elena Denisyeva or the poet’s wife - Ernestine.
The similarity between the love lyrics of the Denisyev Cycle, which is confessional in nature, and the painful feelings in the novels of Fyodor Dostoevsky has been repeatedly emphasized. Today, almost one and a half thousand letters written by Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev to his beloved have survived.
Nature theme
Nature in Tyutchev’s works is changeable. She never knows peace, constantly changes and is always in the struggle of opposing forces. Being in a continuous change of day and night, summer and winter, it is so multifaceted. Tyutchev spares no epithets to describe all its colors, sounds, and smells. The poet literally humanizes it, making nature so close and related to every person. In any season, everyone will find features characteristic of them; they will recognize their mood in the weather.
Man and nature are inseparable in creativity, and therefore his lyrics are characterized by a two-part composition: the life of nature is parallel to the life of man.
The peculiarities of Tyutchev’s work lie in the fact that the poet does not try to see the world around him through photographs or paints of artists, he endows it with a soul and tries to discern a living and intelligent being in it.
Philosophical motives
Tyutchev's work is philosophical in nature. From an early age, the poet was convinced that the world contains some incomprehensible truth. In his opinion, words cannot express the secrets of the universe; text cannot describe the mystery of the universe.
He seeks answers to the questions that interest him by drawing parallels between human life and the life of nature. By combining them into a single whole, Tyutchev hopes to learn the secret of the soul.
Other themes of Tyutchev’s work
Tyutchev's worldview has another characteristic feature: the poet perceives the world as a dual substance. Fyodor Ivanovich sees two principles constantly fighting among themselves - the demonic and the ideal. Tyutchev is convinced that the existence of life is impossible in the absence of at least one of these principles. Thus, in the poem “Day and Night” the struggle of opposites is clearly expressed. Here the day is filled with something joyful, vital and infinitely happy, while the night is the opposite.
Life is based on the struggle between good and evil, in the case of Tyutchev's lyrics - the light beginning and the dark. According to the author, there is no winner or loser in this battle. And this is the main truth of life. A similar struggle occurs within a person himself; all his life he strives to learn the truth, which can be hidden both in his bright beginning and in his dark one.
From this we can conclude that Tyutchev’s philosophy is directly related to global problems; the author does not see the existence of the ordinary without the great. In every microparticle he considers the mystery of the universe. Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev reveals all the beauty of the world around us as a divine cosmos.
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