When regulating permissible sound pressure in workplaces, the frequency spectrum of noise is divided into nine frequency bands.
The normalized parameters of constant noise are:
sound pressure levelL, dB, in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 31.5; 63; 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; 8000 Hz;
sound levelLa , dBA.
The normalized parameters of non-constant noise are:
- equivalent (energy) sound levelLa eq, dB A,
-maximum sound levelLa max, dB A. Exceeding at least one of the indicated indicators is qualified as non-compliance with these sanitary standards.
In accordance with SanPiN 2.2.4/2.1.8.10-32-2002, maximum permissible noise levels are standardized according to two categories of noise standards: maximum noise levels in workplaces and noise levels in residential, public buildings and residential areas.
For tonal and impulse noise, as well as noise generated indoors by air conditioning, ventilation and air heating installations, MRLs should be taken 5 dB (dBA) less than the values specified in table. 8.4. this paragraph and appendix. 2 to SanPiN 2.2.4/2.1.8.10-32-2002.
The maximum sound level for fluctuating and intermittent noise should not exceed 110 dBA. It is prohibited to stay even briefly in areas with a sound level or sound pressure level in any octave band above 135 dB A (dB).
Noise limits in residential, public buildings and residential areas. Permissible values of sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands of equivalent and maximum sound levels of penetrating noise into the premises of residential and public buildings and noise in residential areas are established in accordance with App. 3 to SanPiN 2.2.4/2.1.8.10-32-2002.
Means and methods of noise protection
The fight against noise at work is carried out comprehensively and includes measures of a technological, sanitary and technical, therapeutic and preventive nature.
The classification of means and methods of noise protection is given in GOST 12.1.029-80 SSBT “Means and methods of noise protection. Classification", SNiP II-12-77 "Noise Protection", which provide for noise protection using the following construction and acoustic methods:
a) sound insulation of enclosing structures, sealing of the vestibules of windows, doors, gates, etc., installation of soundproof cabins for personnel; covering noise sources in casings;
b) installation of sound-absorbing structures and screens in rooms along the path of noise propagation;
c) the use of aerodynamic noise silencers in internal combustion engines and compressors; sound-absorbing linings in the air ducts of ventilation systems;
d) the creation of noise protection zones in various places where people are located, the use of screens and green spaces.
Noise reduction is achieved by using elastic pads under the floor without their rigid connection with the supporting structures of buildings, installing equipment on shock absorbers or specially insulated foundations. Sound absorption means are widely used - mineral wool, felt boards, perforated cardboard, fiber boards, fiberglass, as well as active and reactive silencers.
Silencers aerodynamic noise can be absorption, reactive (reflex) and combined. In absorption
In mufflers, noise attenuation occurs in the pores of the sound-absorbing material. The operating principle of reactive mufflers is based on the effect of sound reflection as a result of the formation of a “wave plug” in the muffler elements. In combined mufflers, both sound absorption and reflection occur.
Soundproofing is one of the most effective and widespread methods of reducing industrial noise along the path of its propagation. With the help of soundproofing devices it is easy to reduce the noise level by 30...40 dB. Effective soundproofing materials are metals, concrete, wood, dense plastics, etc.
To reduce noise in the room, sound-absorbing materials are applied to the internal surfaces, and individual sound absorbers are also placed in the room.
Use of personal noise protection equipment It is advisable in cases where collective protective equipment and other means do not reduce noise to acceptable levels.
PPE allows you to reduce the level of perceived sound by 0...45 dB, and the most significant noise attenuation is observed in the high frequency range, which is the most dangerous for humans.
Personal protective equipment against noise is divided into anti-noise headphones that cover the auricle from the outside; anti-noise earmolds covering or adjacent to the external auditory canal; anti-noise helmets and hard hats; anti-noise suits. Anti-noise earplugs are made from hard, elastic and fibrous materials. They are single-use and multiple-use. Anti-noise helmets cover the entire head, they are used at very high noise levels in combination with headphones, as well as anti-noise suits.
Currently, the operation of the vast majority of technological equipment and power plants is inevitably associated with the occurrence of noise and vibration of varying frequencies and intensities, which have an adverse effect on the human body. Prolonged exposure to noise and vibration reduces performance and can lead to the development of occupational diseases.
Noise, as a hygienic factor, is a set of sounds that adversely affect the human body, interfering with his work and rest. Noise is a wave-like propagating oscillatory movement of particles of an elastic (gas, liquid or solid) medium. Typically noise is a combination of sounds of varying frequencies and intensities.
Intense noise with daily exposure leads to the occurrence of an occupational disease - hearing loss, the main symptom of which is a gradual loss of hearing in both ears, initially lying in the high frequency region (4000 Hz), with subsequent spread to lower frequencies that determine the ability to perceive speech. At very high sound pressure, the eardrum can rupture.
In addition to the direct impact on the organ of hearing, noise affects various parts of the brain, changing the normal processes of higher nervous activity. Typical complaints include increased fatigue, general weakness, irritability, apathy, memory loss, insomnia, etc. Noise reduces labor productivity, increases defects in work, and can be an indirect cause of industrial injury.
Depending on the nature of the harmful effects on the human body, noise is divided into disturbing, irritating, harmful and traumatic.
Interfering is noise that interferes with speech communication (conversations, human movements). Annoying noise - causing nervous tension, decreased performance (the hum of a faulty fluorescent lamp in the room, the slamming of a door, etc.). Harmful noise - causing chronic diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems (various types of industrial noise). Traumatic noise sharply disrupts the physiological functions of the human body.
The degree of noise harmfulness is characterized by its strength, frequency, duration and regularity of exposure.
Noise regulation is carried out in two directions: hygienic regulation and regulation of the noise characteristics of machines and equipment.
The current noise standards in workplaces are regulated by SN 9-86-98 “Noise in workplaces. Guidelines" and GOST 12.1.003-83 SSBT. "Noise. General safety requirements."
According to these documents, production noise is divided into:
- noise spectrum: broadband and tonal;
- temporary characteristics: permanent and non-permanent.
In turn, non-constant noises are: fluctuating in time (howling), intermittent, pulsed (following each other with an interval of more than 1 second).
For an approximate assessment of noise, the sound level is taken, determined according to the so-called A scale of the sound level meter in decibels - dBA.
Standards establish permissible noise levels in work areas for various purposes. At the same time, areas with sound levels above 85 dBA must be marked with special signs; those working in these areas must be provided with personal protective equipment. The basis of measures to reduce industrial noise is technical regulation.
In accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83, two methods are used for noise standardization:
- according to the maximum noise spectrum;
- normalization of the sound level in dB on the A scale of a sound level meter that has different sensitivity to different sound frequencies (copies the sensitivity of the human ear).
The first method is the main one for constant noise. The second method is used to provide an approximate estimate of constant and intermittent noise.
The standard prohibits even short-term stay of people in areas with sound pressure levels above 135 dB.
Sound level meters of various modifications are used for measurements.
Permissible noise levels in workplaces are determined by sanitary standards.
In rooms for mental work without noise sources (offices, design offices, health centers) - 50 dB.
In office work areas with noise sources (PC keyboards, teletype machines, etc.) - 60 dB.
In workplaces of industrial premises and on the territory of industrial enterprises - 85 dB.
In residential areas in an urban area, 2 m from residential buildings and the boundaries of recreation areas - 40 dB.
To make a preliminary noise determination (without a device), you can use approximate data. For example, the noise level of turbochargers is set at 118 dB, for centrifugal fans - 114 dB, for a motorcycle without a muffler - 105 dB, when riveting large tanks - 125-135 dB, etc.
Prevention of the harmful effects of noise on the human body begins with its regulation. Noise regulation consists of establishing safe sound levels, exceeding which poses a threat to the life and health of the population, since it creates a risk of developing diseases associated with the adverse effects of noise.
It is normalized according to the following indicators:
- sound level (for constant noise);
- equivalent sound level (this indicator equates the sound level of intermittent noise over a certain period of time to a certain sound level of constant broadband noise);
- maximum sound level (for intermittent noise);
- sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 31.5 Hz, 63 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 8000 Hz.
The principles of noise regulation in residential and public buildings and workplaces differ from each other.
Noise regulation in residential and public buildings and in their surrounding areas
Permissible noise levels have been established for residential premises and premises in public buildings and institutions.
The permissible noise level is a level that does not cause significant disturbance to a person and does not cause significant changes in the functional state of systems and analyzers that are sensitive to noise.
In other words, such noise is not only not noticeable to humans, but also will not cause absolutely any physiological effects on the body. The human body does not have to adapt to such noise, which means it is not a stressor.
Let me remind you that the criterion for the “visibility” of noise, i.e. its subjective perception, in itself cannot determine any noise standards, since a person gets used to the subjective perception of even fairly high levels of noise, but getting used to noise in a physiological sense does not occur. Fatigue and physiological effects caused by noise accumulate over time and can result in various functional disorders and diseases, which is why the ability of noise at certain levels to cause such effects determines noise standards along with its subjective perception.
If the permissible noise level is not exceeded, it does not bother people in such an environment, creates a comfortable atmosphere for performing everyday activities, does not cause fatigue and promotes active or relaxing rest.
When rationing noise, various human conditions are also taken into account, both physiological and caused by various diseases, for example, noise that is unnoticeable to a waking person, especially if he is having fun or engaging in active recreation, will disturb a person who is trying to fall asleep, which means will interfere with the normal flow of sleep and rest of the body, which is fraught with consequences for its health. Therefore, for premises in which people can stay around the clock, different standards have been established for daytime (from 7 to 23 o’clock) and for night time (from 11 o’clock to 7 o’clock).
Likewise, noise that does not disturb a healthy person may cause discomfort for a sick person. Therefore, for residential premises, and for premises equivalent to them, noise standards are slightly higher than for wards of hospitals and sanatoriums.
In classrooms, permissible noise levels are comparable to the standards for residential premises, since in order to concentrate on the educational process, there is absolutely no need for any distractions.
For public institutions where people have fun, make purchases, or receive any services, noise levels are higher than for residential premises, educational and medical institutions.
Permissible noise levels have also been established for public areas.
Where are noise standards established for residential and public premises?
Permissible noise levels are established in special regulatory documents that regulate the criteria for the safety and harmlessness to human health of various environmental factors and the requirements that provide favorable conditions for human life. Such documents are: sanitary rules (SP), sanitary-epidemiological rules and regulations (SanPiN), sanitary standards (SN).
All of the listed types of documents are mandatory for the fulfillment of their requirements by citizens, individual entrepreneurs, and legal entities, regardless of their affiliation and type of ownership.
Failure to comply with the mandatory requirements of the above regulatory documents is subject to civil, administrative and criminal liability.
The main document establishing permissible noise levels is SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 “Noise in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas.”
In addition to this, noise standards are regulated in specialized SPs and SanPiNs, for example, SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises”, SP 2.1.2.2844-11 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, equipment and maintenance of dormitories for employees of organizations and students of educational institutions,” etc.
Since the harmful effects of noise also depend on its frequency composition, the threshold will be different for different noises. The thresholds for the harmful effects of noise are taken as noise standards, i.e., as the maximum permissible noise levels in production. As such, the Main Sanitary Inspectorate of the USSR adopted the following standards on 9/11 1956: for low-frequency - 90-100 dB, for medium-frequency - 85-90 dB, for high-frequency - 75-85 dB.
As an addition to noise measurement, and perhaps as a reliable control over the correctness of measurement of noise parameters, an additional criterion has been introduced for judging whether noise exceeds permissible levels. This criterion is the intelligibility of perception of speech pronounced at normal volume in a working workshop at a distance of 1.5 m from the subject. Good intelligibility is considered to be the correct repetition of at least 40 out of 50 multi-digit numbers (22, 44, 78, etc.).
The permissible levels of industrial noise approved in 1956 undoubtedly represented a big step forward in the fight against occupational hearing loss, and not because it is easy to reduce noise to these standards in the vast majority of existing industries. It turned out to be important that technical thought and initiative were aimed at finding methods and means of reducing noise at the designed enterprises. Even more important was that in relation to workers who come into contact with noise exceeding permissible levels, a number of preventive measures began to be applied - extending the next vacation, annual audiometric monitoring and transferring, in case of high vulnerability of hearing, to quiet work and, finally, attributing the developed severe hearing loss to an occupational disease during examination.
The standards established in the USSR, known in foreign literature as “Slavinsky” (I.I. Slavin, 1955), are the lowest, including those proposed by the International Committee “Acoustics-43”. It should be emphasized that when developing noise standards, the authors set as their goal the preservation of the perception of sounds of speech frequencies and getting rid of the unpleasant sensations associated with the effects of noise.
Experimental histological studies by G. N. Krivitskaya (1964) showed that in response to short-term sound stimulation (six times exposure to sound intensity of 80-130 dB), changes in the structures of the central parts of the auditory analyzer develop in white rats, which precede pathology in the peripheral Corti receptor organ. The author emphasizes that some changes reflect the functional state of neurons, those parts of the auditory analyzer that function intensively. With prolonged acoustic stimulation, various parts of many analyzers are involved in the process, morphological changes appear - disturbances in all parts of the neuron (nucleus, synapses, dendrites, etc.). One of the characteristic changes in the neuron is the depletion of the Nisslev substance, which the author considers as the cause of fatigue. Of course, there is little similarity in the reaction of humans and experimental animals to intense noise. Nevertheless, the facts identified by the author deserve attention.
In this regard, the physiological studies of T. A. Orlova (1965) on humans are of interest. She found that changes in higher nervous activity and autonomic reactivity can precede stable hearing loss. Based on this, she believes that when rationing noise, it is necessary to take into account not only its harmful effect on auditory function. By the way, other authors, as will be discussed below, found autonomic disorders in people working in a noisy environment, regarding them as the earliest reaction to exposure to noise. The question raised is somewhat beyond the scope of our topic, but it is closely related to it. Unfortunately, we cannot dwell on it in more detail. We will touch on the other side of the issue, which directly relates to audiology - to what extent the methods used by the authors for noise standardization can be considered accurate and comprehensive. It seems to us that the diversity in standards in itself already indicates that the methods cannot be considered fully consistent with the tasks set when regulating noise.
GOST12.1.003-83
UDC534.835.46:658.382.3:006.354 Group T58
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Occupational Safety Standards System
General safety requirements
Occupational safety standards system
Noise. General safety requirements
Date of introduction 01.07 84
INFORMATION DATA
1 DEVELOPED by the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, the USSR State Committee for Construction, the Ministry of Railways, the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy, the USSR Ministry of Agriculture, the Ukrainian SSR Ministry of Health, the RSFSR Ministry of Health, the USSR State Committee for Standards, the USSR Academy of Sciences
DEVELOPERS
B.A. Dvoryanchikov; Yu.M. Vasiliev, Ph.D. tech. sciences; L.F. Lagunov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences: L.N. Pyatachkova, Ph.D. tech. sciences; IN AND. Kopylov; G.L. Osipov, Doctor of Engineering. Sciences;M.A. Porozhenko; E.Ya. Yudin, Doctor of Engineering. sciences; K.F. Kalmakhelidze, Ph.D. tech. Sciences; Yu.P. Chepulsky, Ph.D. tech. sciences; G.A. Suvorov, Dr. med. sciences; L.N. Shkarinov, Dr. med. sciences; E.I. Denisov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; L.N. Klyachko, Ph.D. tech. Sciences; D.B. Chekhomova, Ph.D. tech. sciences; A.I. Ponomarev, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.E. Skibinsky; V.Z. Kleimenov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.V. Myasnikov; G.P. Saversky; T.A. Kochinashvili, Ph.D. tech. sciences; A.M. Nikolaishvili; N.I. Borodin, Ph.D. sciences; V.F. Drobyshevskaya; G.I. Varnashov; A.A. Menshov, Dr. med. sciences; V.N.Soga; Yu.P. Paltsev, Ph.D. honey. sciences; A.V. Kolesnikova, Ph.D. honey, sciences; Sh.L.Zlotnik, Ph.D. tech. sciences; L.A. Potanin; N.P. Benevolenskaya, Dr. med. Sciences;V.A. Shcherbakov; Yu.N. Kamensky, Ph.D. honey. sciences; A.I. Tsysar, Ph.D. honey. Sci.
2 APPROVED AND PUSHED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated 06.06.83 No. 2473
3. The standard corresponds to ST CMEA 1930-79 in terms of permissible values of sound pressure levels and sound levels at workplaces of manufacturing enterprises and their measurements.
4. INSTEAD GOST 12.1.003-76
5 REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
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Item number, application |
Item number, application |
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GOST 12.1.020-79 |
GOST 12.4.026-76 |
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GOST 12.1.023-80 |
GOST 12.4.051-87 |
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GOST 12.1.024-81 |
GOST 12.4.095-80 |
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GOST 12.1.025-81 |
GOST 17187-81 |
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GOST 12.1.026-80 |
GOST 20296-81 |
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GOST 12.1.027-80 |
GOST 23941-79 |
4.2, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2 |
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GOST 12.1.028—80 |
GOST 27435-87 |
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GOST 12.1.029-80 |
GOST 27436-87 |
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GOST 12.1.050-86 |
5.1, Appendix 1 |
ST SEV 541—77 |
Annex 1 |
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GOST 12.2.002-91 |
6 The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 3-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 5-6-93)
7 REPUBLICATION (September 1999) with Change No. 1, approved in December 1988 (IUS 3-89)
The standard establishes noise classification, characteristics and permissible noise levels in workplaces, general requirements for noise protection in workplaces, noise characteristics of machines, mechanisms, vehicles and other equipment (hereinafter referred to as machines) and noise measurements.
1. CLASSIFICATION
1.1. The nature of the noise spectrum should be divided into:
- broadband with a continuous spectrum more than one octave wide;
- tonal, in the spectrum of which there are pronounced discrete tones. The tonal nature of noise for practical purposes (when monitoring its parameters at workplaces) is established by measuring in one-third octave frequency bands by the excess of the sound pressure level in one band over neighboring ones by at least 10 dB.
1.2. Time-based noise characteristics should be divided into:
- constant, the sound level of which during an 8-hour working day (work shift) changes over time by no more than 5 dB A when measured on the time characteristic of a “slow” sound level meter according to GOST 17187;
- unstable, the sound level of which during an 8-hour working day (work shift) changes over time by more than 5 dB A when measured on the time characteristic of a “slow” sound level meter according to GOST 17187.
1.3. Intermittent noise should be divided into:
- time-fluctuating, the sound level of which continuously changes over time;
- intermittent, the sound level of which changes stepwise (by 5 dB A or more), and the duration of the intervals during which the level remains constant is 1 s or more;
- pulse, consisting of one or more sound signals, each lasting less than 1 s, while the sound levels measured in dB AI and dB A, respectively, on the “pulse” and “slow” time characteristics of the sound level meter according to GOST 17187, differ by no less than 7 dB.
2. CHARACTERISTICS AND PERMISSIBLE NOISE LEVELS AT WORKPLACES
2.1. Characteristics of constant noise in workplaces are the sound pressure levels L in dB in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz, determined by the formula
where p is the root mean square value of sound pressure, Pa;
p0 is the initial sound pressure value. In air p0 = 2?10-5Pa.
Note: For an approximate assessment (for example, when checking by supervisory authorities, identifying the need for noise suppression measures, etc.), it is allowed to take the sound level in dB A as a characteristic of constant broadband noise in workplaces, measured using the time characteristic of the “slow” sound meter according to GOST 17187 and determined by the formula
where pA is the root mean square value of sound pressure taking into account the correction “A” of the sound level meter, Pa.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1)
2.2. A characteristic of non-constant noise in workplaces is the integral criterion - the equivalent (in energy) sound level in dB A, determined in accordance with reference Appendix 2.
Additionally, for time-varying and intermittent noise, the maximum sound levels in dB A, measured on the “slow” time characteristic, are limited, and for impulsive noise, the maximum sound level in dB AI, measured on the “impulse” time characteristic.
It is allowed to use noise dose or relative noise dose as a characteristic of non-constant noise in accordance with reference Appendix 2.
2.3. Permissible sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, sound levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces should be accepted:
for broadband constant and non-constant (except for impulse) noise - see the table;
for tonal and impulse noise - 5 dB less than the values indicated in the table
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Type of work activity, jobs |
Sound pressure levels, dB, in composite bands with geometric mean frequencies, Hz |
Sound levels and equivalent sound levels, dBA |
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Enterprises, institutions and organizations |
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1 Creative activity, leadership work with increased requirements, scientific activity, design and engineering, programming, teaching and learning, medical activity: |
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workplaces in the premises - directorate, design bureaus; calculators, computer programmers, in laboratories for theoretical work and data processing, receiving patients at health centers |
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2 Highly skilled work requiring concentration, administrative and management activities, measurement and analytical work in the laboratory: |
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workplaces in the premises of the shop management apparatus, in the workrooms of office premises, laboratories |
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3 Work performed with frequently received instructions and acoustic signals, work requiring constant auditory control, operator work on a precise schedule with instructions, dispatch work: |
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workplaces in dispatch service premises, offices and observation and remote control rooms with voice communication by telephone, typing bureaus, in precision assembly areas, in telephone and telegraph stations, in the premises of foremen, in information processing rooms on computers |
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4 Work that requires concentration, work with increased requirements for monitoring processes and remote control of production cycles: |
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workstations at consoles in observation and remote control booths without voice communication by telephone; in laboratories with noisy equipment, in rooms for placing noisy computer units |
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5 Performing all types of work (except for those listed in paragraphs 1-4 and similar ones) at permanent work sites in production premises and on the territory of enterprises |
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Railway rolling stock |
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6 Workplaces in the driver’s cabins of diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, metro trains, diesel trains and railcars |
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7 Workplaces in the driver’s cabins of high-speed and suburban electric trains |
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8 Premises for personnel of long-distance train cars, service departments of refrigerated sections, power station cars, rest rooms in baggage and post offices |
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9 Service rooms of baggage and mail cars, dining cars |
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Sea, river, fishing and other vessels |
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10 Work area in the premises of the power department of sea vessels with a permanent watch (rooms in which the main power plant, boilers, engines and mechanisms that generate energy and ensure the operation of various systems and devices are installed) |
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11 Working areas in the central control posts (CCP) of sea vessels (soundproof), rooms separated from the power department, in which control devices, indicating devices, controls for the main power plant and auxiliary mechanisms are installed |
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12 Working areas in the service rooms of sea vessels (helms, navigation, baggermaster's rooms, radio rooms, etc.) |
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13 Production and technological premises on fishing industry vessels (premises for processing fish, seafood, etc.) |
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Tractors, self-propelled chassis, self-propelled, trailed and mounted agricultural machines, road construction, earth-moving, land reclamation and other similar types of machines |
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14 Workplaces for drivers and vehicle maintenance personnel |
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15 Workplaces for drivers and maintenance personnel (passengers) of passenger cars |
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16 Workplaces for drivers and maintenance personnel of self-propelled chassis tractors, trailed and mounted agricultural machines, road construction and other similar machines |
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17 Workplaces in cockpits and interiors of airplanes and helicopters |
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Notes:
1 It is allowed in industry documentation to establish more stringent standards for certain types of work activities, taking into account the intensity of work in accordance with Appendix 3.
2 Even short-term stay in areas with octave sound pressure levels above 135 dB in any octave band is prohibited.
for noise generated in premises by air conditioning, ventilation and air heating installations - 5 dB less than the actual noise levels in these premises (measured or determined by calculation), if the latter do not exceed the values specified in the table (the correction for tonal and impulse noise in this case should not be accepted ), in other cases - 5 dB less than the values indicated in the table.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.4. In addition to the requirements of clause 2.3, the maximum sound level of non-constant noise in workplaces according to clauses. 6 and 13 of the table should not exceed 110 dB A when measured on the “slow” time characteristic, and the maximum sound level of impulse noise in workplaces according to clause 6 of the table should not exceed 125 dB AI when measured on the “impulse” time characteristic.
3. PROTECTION AGAINST NOISE
3.1. When developing technological processes, designing, manufacturing and operating machines, industrial buildings and structures, as well as organizing the workplace, all necessary measures should be taken to reduce the noise affecting people in the workplace to values not exceeding the permissible values specified in Section. 2:
- development of noise-proof equipment;
- the use of means and methods of collective protection in accordance with GOST 12.1.029;
- use of personal protective equipment in accordance with GOST 12.4.051.
Note: Construction and acoustic measures provided for in the design of enterprises, buildings and structures for various purposes are in accordance with regulatory and technical documents approved or agreed upon with the State Construction Committee of the USSR.
3.2. Areas with a sound level or equivalent sound level above 80 dB A must be marked with safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026. The administration is obliged to provide workers in these areas with personal protective equipment in accordance with GOST 12.4.051.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.3. Enterprises, organizations and institutions must monitor noise levels in the workplace at least once a year.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF MACHINES
4.1. The standards and (or) technical specifications for machines must establish limit values for the noise characteristics of these machines.
4.2. The noise characteristic should be selected from those provided by GOST 23941.
4.3. The values of the maximum permissible noise characteristics of machines should be set based on the requirements for ensuring permissible noise levels at workplaces in accordance with the main purpose of the machine and the requirements of Section. 2 of this standard. Methods for establishing maximum permissible noise characteristics of stationary machines - according to GOST 12.1.023.
4.4. If the values of the noise characteristics of machines that correspond to the best world achievements of similar equipment exceed the values established in accordance with the requirements of clause 4.3 of this standard, then in the standards and (or) technical specifications for machines it is allowed to establish technically achievable values of the noise characteristics of these machines, agreed upon in the established order.
Technically achievable values of the noise characteristics of machines must be justified:
- the results of measuring the noise characteristics of a representative number of cars using one of the methods according to GOST 23941;
- data on the noise characteristics of the best models of similar machines produced abroad;
- analysis of noise reduction methods and means used in the machine;
- the presence of developed means of protection against noise to the levels established in clause 2.3, and their inclusion in the regulatory and technical documentation for the machine;
- a plan of measures to reduce noise to a level that meets the requirements of clause 4.3 of this standard.
4.5. The noise characteristics of machines or the limit values of noise characteristics must be indicated in their passport, operating manual (instructions) or other accompanying documentation.
5. NOISE MEASUREMENT
5.1. Measuring noise in workplaces: enterprises and institutions - according to GOST 12.1.050 and GOST 23941; agricultural self-propelled machines - according to GOST 12.4.095; tractors and self-propelled chassis - according to GOST 12.2.002; cars, road trains, buses, motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, motorbikes - according to GOST 27435 and GOST 27436; transport aircraft and helicopters - according to GOST 20296; rolling stock of railway transport - according to sanitary standards for limiting noise on rolling stock of railway transport, approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR; for sea river and lake vessels - in accordance with GOST 12.1.020, sanitary noise standards in the premises of river fleet vessels and sanitary noise standards on sea vessels, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.2. The measurement methodology for certain noise characteristics of machines is according to GOST 23941, GOST 12.1.024, GOST 12.1.025, GOST 12.1.026, GOST 12.1.027, GOST 12.1.028.
ANNEX 1
Information
INFORMATION DATA ABOUT COMPLIANCE WITH GOST 12.1.003-83
ST SEV 1930-79
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Requirements |
GOST 12.1.003-83 |
ST SEV 1930-79 |
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Establishment of sound pressure levels, sound levels and equivalent sound levels |
Establishes sound pressure levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces of manufacturing enterprises, depending on the severity and intensity of work in the frequency range 31.5-8000 Hz. |
Sets sound pressure levels, sound levels at workplaces of manufacturing enterprises in the frequency range 63-8000 Hz. |
|
Sound levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces in industrial premises - 80 dB A. |
Sound levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces in industrial premises - 85 dB A. |
|
|
Noise measurement in workplaces |
At workplaces in production premises according to GOST 12.1.050 |
At workplaces in production premises according to ST SEV 541 |
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX 2
Information
INTEGRAL CRITERIA FOR NOISE STANDARDING
1. The equivalent (energy) sound level in dB A of a given intermittent noise is the sound level of a constant broadband noise that has the same root mean square sound pressure as the given intermittent noise over a certain time interval and which is determined by the formula 
— current value of root mean square sound pressure taking into account correction “A” of the sound level meter, Pa;
р0 — initial value of sound pressure (in air р0 = 2?10-5 Pa);
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX 3
Information
NOISE LEVELS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF WORK ACTIVITY, TAKEN IN ACCOUNT TO THE DEGREE OF WORK STRESS
|
Type of work activity |
Sound levels and equivalent sound levels, dB A |
|
Work on developing concepts and new programs; creation; teaching |
|
|
The work of senior production managers associated with the control of a group of people performing primarily mental work |
|
|
Highly skilled mental work requiring concentration; work associated exclusively with conversations via communication means |
|
|
Mental work performed with frequently received instructions and acoustic signals; work requiring constant* auditory monitoring; high-precision category of visual work** |
|
|
Mental work, according to an exact schedule with instructions (camera work), exact category of visual work |
|
|
Physical work involving precision, concentration, or occasional auditory monitoring |
* More than 50% of working time.
**According to the standards of natural and artificial lighting approved by the USSR State Construction Committee
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