The troops will be staffed by Marines

Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Emblem
A country	Russia
Subordination	Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Type	military command authority
Function	organizational building and mobilization activities of the Armed Forces
Dislocation	Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, 22/2

The Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (GOMU General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) is the central body of military command and control in the Russian Federation, designed to solve problems of organizational building of the Armed Forces, their mobilization training and mobilization, preparation of mobilization resources, organization of conscription and recruitment troops. Reports to the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Tasks

The main tasks of the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation:

planning and organizing organizational and staffing measures to improve the structures of military command and control bodies, formations, military units and organizations of the Armed Forces;
planning mobilization deployment and mobilization training of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies;
planning the recruitment of mobilization resources to the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations, bodies and coordination of work on maintaining military records of citizens of the Russian Federation;
preparation of mobilization resources;
planning for the provision of the Armed Forces with basic types of weapons, military equipment and other materiel;
organization of conscription and recruitment of troops
For the first time, tasks of an organizational and mobilization nature were assigned to the Rank Order, created in 1531, including keeping records of military men in peacetime in case of gathering troops.
At the beginning of the 18th century, during the reforms of Peter I, regiments and other military structures of the Russian army began to be organized in accordance with the states. During the military reform in Russia in the 60s and 70s of the 19th century, the Russian army was transferred to a personnel basis. At the same time, the need arose to continuously resolve issues of a mobilization nature. These issues were resolved by the units of the General Staff. By 1917, organizational and mobilization tasks were carried out by the Main Directorate of the General Staff (it included a mobilization department and a department for the organization and service of troops).
Organizational and mobilization bodies in the Red Army and the Soviet Army
- maintaining records, training and mobilization of military personnel,
- formation, organization and combat training of units of the Red Army,
- development of states, charters, manuals, instructions and regulations for troops.
In 1921, a unified Headquarters of the Red Army was created. It included organizational and mobilization departments.
In 1924 they were transformed into a single Organizational and Mobilization Directorate (from 1926 - the 2nd Directorate of the Red Army Headquarters). He is entrusted with general issues of organizing the Armed Forces in peacetime and war, as well as preparing a mobilization plan.
In 1931, the 2nd Directorate of the Red Army Headquarters was divided into the 2nd (organizational), 5th (material planning) and 9th (troop mobilization).
In 1935, the Headquarters of the Red Army was renamed the General Staff. It included eight departments, including: organizational and material planning. In 1938, the Organizational Department of the General Staff was transformed into the Organizational and Mobilization Department. However, on February 1, 1939, an independent mobilization department was separated from its composition. In June 1939, the organizational and mobilization departments were merged into the Organizational and Mobilization Directorate.
In August 1940, the General Staff was transferred to a new staff and independent departments were created in it: mobilization, organizational, troop recruitment, rear and supply management.
After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War in July 1941, all these structures were transferred from the General Staff to the created Main Directorate for the formation and staffing of the Red Army (Glavupraform). But the experience of the war showed the fallacy of such a decision.
In April 1942, these bodies were returned to the General Staff and merged there into the Organizational Directorate. Since 1943 it was called the Main Organizational Directorate, and since 1955 - again the Organizational Directorate.
Since 1947, a mobilization department existed in the Main Organizational Directorate of the General Staff. From that moment on, the General Staff concentrated management of organizational and staff support, mobilization work, manning troops and mobilization planning of weapons and supplies for the army and navy.
GOMU in the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR and the Russian Federation
In 1964, the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate was created at the General Staff. Since that time, its name and subordination have remained unchanged for over 50 years. The internal structure has changed several times:
- Since 1964 - organizational management, mobilization management, management of manning and service of troops, department for accounting the strength of the Armed Forces;
- Since 1969 - organizational management, mobilization and staffing management, troop service department;
- Since 1970, the State Medical Directorate has included a third directorate - the directorate for mobilization planning of weapons, military equipment and other materiel;
- Since 1992 - organizational management, mobilization management, weapons and equipment planning department;
- Since 1996, the GOMU also included a peacetime troop recruitment department.
- Since 2009, three departments have again operated within the structure of the State Medical University.
Heads of GOMU (including its predecessors)
- Lieutenant General Karponosov, Aron Gershovich (April 1942 - October 1946)
- Colonel General, from February 1968 - Army General Shtemenko, Sergei Matveevich (April 14, 1964 - August 3, 1968)
- Colonel General Volkov, Anatoly Vasilievich (August 9, 1968 - May 25, 1978)
- Colonel General

Today, the Russian Ministry of Defense, under the leadership of the head of the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate (GOMU) of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Colonel General Vasily Tonkoskurov, held a press conference for representatives of the domestic media, dedicated to the peculiarities of the spring conscription of citizens for military service.

The head of the GOMU of the General Staff told reporters that it is planned to call up 155 thousand people for military service in the spring and summer of this year.

About 20 thousand recruits who have been trained in military-scientific specialties in DOSAAF organizations of Russia and secondary vocational education institutions will arrive in the troops.

For the first time, young guys trained in the specialties of the Airborne Forces will be sent to the Armed Forces.

Recruitment for sports companies continues. Today, 386 people serve in such units.

Over the past year, military personnel from sports companies won 105 awards for the country at international competitions, including 47 gold ones.

The spring conscription campaign also has its own characteristics. In order to create a unified system for accounting for personnel of the Armed Forces, monitoring the provision of military personnel with various types of allowances, their medical care, and organizing the educational process, this year the serial equipping of formations, military units and military commissariats with the equipment of the automated “Passport” system began.

In this regard, citizens called up for military service this spring and sent to the Armed Forces will be issued personal electronic cards.

Recruits at assembly points will continue to dress in casual uniforms, the color of which will correspond to the branch and branch of the military in which they will serve, and will be provided with personal hygiene products, and upon arrival at military units - with all-season field sets of basic uniforms.

Particular attention will be paid to issues of social protection of family members of military personnel.

Married military personnel with children, as well as parents of the sick and of retirement age, will, if possible, be sent to perform military service near their place of residence.

In addition to the social protection measures established for all citizens, the legislation provides for annually indexed payments for the wives and children of conscripted military personnel.

The pregnant wife of a serviceman is paid a lump sum (24 thousand 565 rubles), and those with children under 3 years of age receive a monthly allowance (10 thousand 528 rubles).

As Colonel General Vasily Tonkoshkurov emphasized in conclusion, “military service by conscription is, first of all, a school of courage, patriotism and physical toughening for our young people, which opens up great life prospects in the future.”

Born on March 30, 1950 in the village of Pyshchug, Kostroma region. In the Armed Forces since 1967. Graduated from the Higher Military School, Military Academy. M.V. Frunze and the Military Academy of the General Staff. He served in various command and staff positions. He has been with the General Staff since 1982. Before his appointment to his current position, he was Deputy Chief of the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces. Married. Has 2 sons.

- Vasily Vasilyevich, from January 1, 2008, the period of conscription service will be reduced to one year. How will the role of ROSTO (DOSAAF) organizations change in this regard?

The question is very important. I would like to report that on the very eve of the 2005 autumn conscription, we held a joint meeting with the Russian Defense Sports Technical Society and outlined ways and directions for improving joint work. You know that ROSTO (DOSAAF) has been a source of personnel for the Armed Forces since its founding. Today, within the society, we are preparing 89 thousand specialists for military service. Outside the scope of service, but for service. We train signalmen, drivers, specialists for the Navy and other branches and branches of the Russian Armed Forces. After all, with the transition to one year of service, it will be very difficult to train a soldier as a specialist.

Therefore, we are vitally interested in the young men joining the army having some kind of military specialty. We are now just completing the development of military-registration civilian specialties, related to the military, for which it is necessary to train in ROSTO organizations. We believe that the volume of assignments for this organization, of course, with appropriate funding for the programs, will slightly increase. I think they will increase by 25-30%. I also hope that good progress in our joint work will be reflected in the strength of the army and will help young people, future recruits, obtain a military specialty.

Don't you think that in past years we ourselves have created a certain image of a "draft dodger"? He found support in various "soldiers' committees" and human rights organizations. Is this why the alternative civil service (ACS) was so popular at the very beginning? Maybe this is also the reason for evading military service?

The main reasons for avoiding military service are well known. Some citizens still have a negative attitude towards it. This year, 15 thousand young men avoided serving in the Armed Forces. This is, of course, a lot. But, for example, in 1999 - even more: 44 thousand. The facts, you see, indicate a positive trend.

As for the image of the service that developed in past years, we need to break negative stereotypes. In addition, after 6 months of service, conscripts were sent to perform combat missions in “hot spots”. This also increased the number of draft dodgers. Needless to say, there were tense moments with combat training, when there was not enough money for classes, training, and shooting.

Autumn conscription 2005.
Photo by ITAR-TASS

But today all this has disappeared into oblivion. Now intensive training is underway, there are no problems with the allocation of ammunition and fuel and lubricants. And most importantly, today conscripts do not serve in “hot spots”. Army canteens have good food, and military camps have developed infrastructure. Especially in units of constant readiness. In short, all conditions have been created for conscientious service. So gradually we will move away from “evasion” as a phenomenon. And the numbers that I cited speak for themselves: there were 44 thousand, and now there are 15.

As for the principle of recruiting the army, it was and remains mixed in many civilized countries. And the call, as such, in my opinion, only unites the nation.

But then why does the notorious “hazing” still persist? After all, it has also been declared a fight everywhere?

The problem of hazing is partly far-fetched. After all, she did not come from the army, just as she was not born in the army. She was born, I suppose, in “civilian life”: at school, on the street: We see what sometimes happens there.

Secondly, today we take almost everyone into the army who does not have the right to a deferment. We have practically no opportunity to select citizens. It is not surprising that those people who committed outrages in civilian life also end up in the army. They bring their own behavioral attitudes to army teams. Despite this, the number of crimes and incidents in the army compared to civilians is many times less.

The army is not an institution for noble maidens, and you will agree that it is not easy to re-educate such citizens in two years. But we must restrain such phenomena and direct people to creative actions. And we do it. Moreover, today the army, I repeat, has the equipment, ammunition, and fuel to carry out full combat training. All this suggests that sooner or later we will overcome such a phenomenon as “hazing.”

Today, a large-scale reform is being carried out in military education, in particular, in the training of students in military departments. Many of them are downsizing. What's the approach here? Which universities will retain military departments?

I want to say that military departments will remain in the country’s leading universities. There will be 35 of them. In addition, special training centers are being created in the most prestigious institutes in which reserve officers will be trained. Citizens who have completed their studies at a university where there is no military department will be called up for military service as privates. And those who simultaneously graduate from training centers and enter into contracts (and therefore, as it were, receive the status of cadets) will serve as officers for three years upon graduation.

Those students who study at military departments will immediately receive the rank of reserve officers after graduation. Although they will retain the right to perform military service as officers. Let me emphasize: the most scarce specialties will be trained for the reserve.

As you have already said, military registration and enlistment offices currently do not have the ability to select the most worthy. It is no secret that even people with a criminal record end up in the army. Are there any plans to abandon such a contingent from 2008?

We discuss this issue very often. After all, if recently 7-9% of people with an expunged or expunged criminal record were called up, now it is only 2%. And we are ready to give up even them. But the law says that citizens who have a cleared or expunged criminal record are subject to conscription. That is, legally we do not yet have the right not to conscript these individuals. However, I believe that such a proposal will be made in the near future.

On what grounds will citizens of Chechnya be conscripted? After all, according to the decision made, only contract soldiers should serve there?

Well noted. There, citizens immediately enter into a contract and serve under it. Moreover, as defined by law, it is concluded for three years. And there, I must say, the young men serve with pleasure. We also came up with a proposal to involve citizens in the restoration of infrastructure facilities in the Chechen Republic in an alternative civil service.

At some defense industry enterprises today, the workforce is retained by one thing: either you join the army or you work for us. But is this right?

The army was not intimidating. Yes, enterprises, and not only those of the military-industrial complex, fulfill defense orders. But the Ministry of Defense pays in full for the products of the state defense order. Therefore, there should not be any other preferences here. It is necessary to attract people not by deferments from service, but by normal wages and other good social working conditions. This will be right and fair.

As for the army, positive processes are increasing in it. The salary increases from year to year. And from January 1, 2006 it will be increased by 15%. Since 2007 - by another 10%. Since 2008 - by another 15%. And all this is included in the budget. You know that in 2005 the salary was increased.

Now let's look at the state defense order. Almost every year it grows by 40-50%. The army began purchasing weapons and equipment. We have rearmament programs. We are starting to supply new and modernized equipment. The provision of housing for military personnel is also improving: a mortgage program, a program for the construction of service housing, and a state housing construction program have been adopted. Let me emphasize that today the number of homeless people compared to what it was five years ago has decreased by almost 40%! That is, many problems are being solved.

And look at the numbers allocated for housing construction. The state does not abdicate its obligation to take care of officers. Today we have the opportunity to provide them and their family members with proper rest and treatment. And not so expensive. We carry out many other programs. Therefore, to say that we are at some kind of freezing point, I think, will be unfair. There are positive changes. And every year there are more and more of them. Hope appeared in the eyes of the officers. The hope is that military service will still be prestigious.

And in conclusion, I would like to say this. Since Russia has an army, then let's staff it with high-quality conscripts. Let's turn our face to the problem of the moral and physical health of young people. Towards initial military training, military-patriotic education of the younger generation. All this will be the key to the high combat readiness of our military units and the new look of the army and navy.

March 7, 2014 marks the 50th anniversary of the formation of the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (GOMU General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces). As the central body of military command and control, the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff is intended to solve problems of organizational building of the Armed Forces, their mobilization training and mobilization, preparation of mobilization resources, organization of conscription and recruitment of troops (forces) with soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen, planning providing the Armed Forces with weapons, military equipment and other material resources. Reports to the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

For the first time in Russian history, elements of organizational and mobilization work are found in the activities of the Rank Order created in 1531. In peacetime, he kept records of military men in case of gathering troops. At the beginning of the 18th century. During the reforms of Peter I, regiments and other military formations of the Russian army were introduced. Crimean War 1853 – 1856 revealed shortcomings in the creation of mobilization resources in the country. During the subsequent military reforms, the solution to this task was entrusted to the units of the General Staff created in 1865. Within its composition, on June 23 (July 6), 1875, a Committee was formed to prepare data for the mobilization of troops. Later it became known as the Troop Mobilization Committee. It concentrated data on the transfer of troops from peacetime to martial law. Subsequently, an executive body was created - the office of the Committee, instead of which in April 1903, a mobilization department was formed as part of the Office of the 2nd Quartermaster General of the General Staff. In 1906, according to the new Regulations on the General Staff, the department was transformed into the Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff. By 1917, all organizational and mobilization tasks were assigned to the Main Directorate of the General Staff, which included a mobilization department and a department for the organization and service of troops.

With the formation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), a new stage began in the history of organizational mobilization bodies. Thus, on May 8, 1918, the All-Russian Main Staff (Vseroglavshtab) was created, which became the highest military body in charge of accounting, training and mobilization of those liable for military service; formation, organization and combat training of units of the Red Army. He was also entrusted with the development of states, charters, manuals, instructions and regulations for the troops. On October 2, 1918, the Field Headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic was formed, transferring to it all the operational functions of the All-Russian Main Headquarters, while retaining the functions of organizational and mobilization work. On October 24, 1918, the Mobilization Directorate was created within it. From November 3, 1918, all district commissariats for military affairs and other local military bodies were subordinated to the All-Russian General Staff. The Mobilization Directorate, actively functioning since November 1918, was able to organize and establish records of the personnel of the Red Army, and from January 1, 1919, it kept records of not only field troops, but also auxiliary troops. By February 19, 1919, the department had developed a draft of a new plan for the formation of the army. A reform was also carried out, including the cutting of front-line (rear) zones and the creation of new military districts. During the Civil War and military intervention of 1917–1922. The All-Russian General Staff has done significant work to organize and conduct the conscription of those liable for military service. In this case, the Mobilization Department played an important role. Thus, in April-May 1919, under the leadership of the All-Russian General Staff, the following were formed in the military districts: 9 rifle and 2 cavalry divisions; 6 rifle and 1 cavalry brigade; 3 army artillery brigades and a number of units of technical branches of the military. In total, by the end of 1920, the Red Army had 78 rifle and 22 cavalry divisions, 35 separate rifle and 5 separate cavalry brigades. There were 5.5 million people in the ranks of the Red Army.

On February 10, 1921, the Headquarters of the Red Army was created on the basis of the Field Headquarters and the All-Russian Headquarters. It also included the Mobilization Directorate. From this time on, mobilization planning began in the Red Army. In October 1921, the Mobilization Directorate of the Red Army Headquarters began developing the first mobilization schedule (plan) in the Red Army. In this complex work, the Directorate and other units of the Red Army Headquarters, which took part in the development of the first mobilization schedule, relied on the experience of the old Russian army, as well as on the experience of carrying out measures to form units of the Red Army and conscript citizens for military service during the Civil War.

In 1922 - 1924 Regulatory documents on military and motor transport conscription were adopted. They were the basis for organizing mobilization work not only in the Red Army, but also in the country as a whole. On June 6, 1924, the Regulations on the Mobilization Directorate of the Red Army Headquarters came into force. However, during the military reform of 1924–1925. at the suggestion of M.N. Tukhachevsky Organizational and Mobilization departments were combined into a single whole - Organizational and mobilization department. At the same time, a territorial system of manning the army was introduced. Subsequently, the name, organizational structure and subordination of the Organizational Bureau were repeatedly changed. Thus, by order of the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs dated July 12, 1926, all functions for preparing the country and army for war were concentrated at the Headquarters of the Red Army. Since 1931, the Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the Red Army Headquarters has been divided into 3 independent directorates: 2nd (Organizational), 5th (Material Planning) and 9th (Troop Mobilization). In the mid-1930s, a transition was made from a mixed, territorial-personnel system for the construction of the Red Army to a unified personnel principle for manning the army and navy. On September 22, 1935, the Headquarters of the Red Army was reorganized, renamed the General Staff and organizationally became part of the People's Commissariat of Defense. The 8 departments of the General Staff included the organizational and material planning departments. In 1938, the organizational department of the General Staff was transformed into an organizational and mobilization department, but a year later the mobilization department was separated from its composition. And in June 1939, the Organizational and Mobilization Directorate was created on their basis. In August 1940, the General Staff switched to a new staff, which included, among other things, the Mobilization, Organization and Recruitment of Control Troops, as well as the Directorate for Logistics and Supply. With this structure, the organizational and mobilization bodies entered the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945.

On July 29, 1941, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense, the structures involved in the organization, mobilization, conscription and recruitment of troops in the General Staff were transferred to the created Main Directorate for the Formation and Recruitment of Red Army Troops (Glavupraform). The following tasks were assigned to the Glavupraform: development of measures for the development of the Red Army and the formation of military units (except for aviation, armored, motorcycle and motorized ones); staffing the Red Army with conscripts of junior command and rank and file, horses, convoys, harnesses and mechanical transport from the national economy; management of spare parts and organization of sending reinforcements to the active army; determining the need for weapons, military equipment and logistics of new formations, spare parts and marching replenishments. The Glavupraform consisted of departments: organizational and staffing, mobilization and staffing of the army, formation of units and formations, spare parts and marching replenishments of the front, weapons and supplies (disbanded in January 1942), inspection and training of new formations (from January 1942) , training of junior command staff in training brigades and regiments (since August 1942), as well as a number of departments. On May 4, 1943, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense, the Main Organizational Directorate was created at the General Staff on the basis of the Organizational Directorate of the General Staff and the Organizational and Staff Directorate of the Glavupraform. In this regard, the main tasks of Glavupraform remained: the formation and recruitment of rifle troops, the preparation of marching reinforcements, the accumulation of strategic reserves and control over the flow of reinforcements from reserve and training units to the active fronts. An important area of activity since the end of the first period of the war was the formation of military units and formations staffed by foreigners - citizens of countries allies of the USSR in the anti-Hitler coalition. The General Staff began planning for the transfer of the Armed Forces from a military to a peaceful position at the beginning of 1945. The results of this work were reflected in the Resolution of the State Defense Committee of April 20, 1945 “On establishing the composition, strength and organization of the Red Army after the end of the war with Germany” . In February 1946, the Glavupraform was disbanded, and on its basis the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces and the Main Headquarters of the Ground Forces were created, which included the Mobilization Directorate. At the same time, the Mobilization and Planning Directorate was created as part of the Main Organizational Directorate of the General Staff. In June 1947, these two structures were merged into the Mobilization Directorate of the Main Organizational Directorate of the General Staff.

By the mid-1950s. The country has completely completed the transition to peaceful construction and development. New conditions required further improvement of the mobilization structure. To carry out organizational and mobilization work, on March 7, 1964, the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR was created at the General Staff. During 1964 and 1965 a thorough assessment of mobilization resources, the base for mobilization deployment of troops, the mobilization management system and other important activities were carried out. At the same time, a new branch of the Armed Forces was created - the Strategic Missile Forces, and significant changes took place in the organizational development and rearmament of troops, which affected artillery, aviation, the country's Air Defense Forces (Air Defense) and the navy. Large and important changes required the hard and active work of the entire personnel of the Main Military Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces and were reflected in mobilization planning. At the same time, by 1980 there was a need for a new reworking of all operational and mobilization planning. With the full and direct participation of the GOMU General Staff of the Armed Forces in the development of new mobilization plans and under its control, work began to ensure their implementation. Activities were carried out on a large scale to prepare and accumulate mobilization human resources in the necessary military specialties. Major military exercises were carried out with mandatory replenishment or deployment to wartime levels and the reception of those liable for military service. The training of those liable for military service in official military specialties and much more was carried out on a fairly large scale. On the scale of these transformations, the most important area of activity of the GOMU General Staff of the Armed Forces since 1964 has been the management of military commissariats, the main tasks of which are: mobilization planning and mobilization preparation, planning and preparation of measures for the mobilization of human and transport resources in the event of a transfer of the Armed Forces from peacetime to wartime ; keeping records of citizens in reserve, distributing them according to ranks and assigning them to teams agreed upon with military units; accounting of transport resources and material assets intended for the implementation of the mobilization plan; organization of notification of mobilization human resources, organizations and institutions in case of mobilization, as well as the tasks of preparation for military service and conscription (such as the initial registration of citizens for military service, their preparation for military service, the implementation of conscription of citizens for military service) and other. Under the leadership of the GUMU General Staff of the Armed Forces, these tasks were carried out in full and with high quality.

After the collapse of the USSR and the creation of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a new stage began in the history of the GUMU General Staff of the Armed Forces. On June 22, 1992, the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces was transferred to a new staff, which included 3 departments: Organizational, Mobilization and Planning of weapons and equipment. In 1996, the 4th Directorate - Troop Recruitment (in peacetime) was introduced into the GOMU General Staff of the Armed Forces. The mobilization bodies of the branches of the Armed Forces, military districts (fleets) and military commissariats had to solve the problem of recruiting troops with great effort. For many years, mobilization preparation activities (exercises and mobilization training) were not carried out, the quality of conscription resources deteriorated, and military registration was in a state of disrepair. To rectify the current situation, a lot of work was carried out at the Main Military Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces to improve the regulatory framework in order to create a system that would guarantee the supply of human and transport resources to the Armed Forces and other troops on a high-quality basis and on time. A reflection of this large and complex process was the further reform of the system of military command and control bodies in accordance with the federal structure of the state. The Main Military Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces took a direct part in the implementation of the federal target program “Transition to the recruitment of military personnel serving under contract in a number of formations and military units.” This made it possible, from January 1, 2008, to switch to a one-year conscription military service and to begin systematic and targeted work to increase the status and authority of junior commanders. The system of military commissariats was reorganized. In the new conditions, the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces was required to review, clarify and re-conduct all mobilization planning. It had to correspond to the new political and economic structure of the country, meet the new legislative and regulatory framework, and the current real situation. In 2009, in connection with the reforms carried out in the Armed Forces, the structure of the Main Military Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces also underwent changes. Functions were redistributed and staff numbers were reduced. At the moment, the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces consists of 3 departments. Over the past 50 years, the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was headed by generals S.M. Shtemenko, A.V. Volkov, V.Ya. Abolins, G.A. Morozov, G.F. Krivosheev, M.P. Kolesnikov, V.I. Bologov, V. V. Zherebtsov, M.V. Klishin, V.N. Putilin, V.V. Smirnov and V.P. Tonkoshkurov (since 2013).

For the first time in Russian history, elements of organizational and mobilization work are found in the activities of the Rank Order created in 1531. In peacetime, he kept records of military men in case of gathering troops. At the beginning of the 18th century. During the reforms of Peter I, regiments and other military formations of the Russian army were introduced. Crimean War 1853 - 1856 revealed shortcomings in the creation of mobilization resources in the country. During the subsequent military reforms, the solution to this task was entrusted to the units of the General Staff created in 1865. Within its composition, on June 23 (July 6), 1875, a Committee was formed to prepare data for the mobilization of troops. Later it became known as the Troop Mobilization Committee. It concentrated data on the transfer of troops from peacetime to martial law. Subsequently, an executive body was created - the office of the Committee, instead of which in April 1903 a mobilization department was formed as part of the Office of the 2nd Quartermaster General of the General Staff. In 1906, according to the new Regulations on the General Staff, the department was transformed into the Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff. By 1917, all organizational and mobilization tasks were assigned to the Main Directorate of the General Staff, which included a mobilization department and a department for the organization and service of troops.

With the formation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), a new stage began in the history of organizational mobilization bodies. Thus, on May 8, 1918, the All-Russian Main Staff (Vseroglavshtab) was created, which became the highest military body in charge of accounting, training and mobilization of those liable for military service; formation, organization and combat training of units of the Red Army. He was also entrusted with the development of states, charters, manuals, instructions and regulations for the troops. On October 2, 1918, the Field Headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic was formed, transferring to it all the operational functions of the All-Russian Main Headquarters, while retaining the functions of organizational and mobilization work. On October 24, 1918, the Mobilization Directorate was created within it. From November 3, 1918, all district commissariats for military affairs and other local military bodies were subordinated to the All-Russian General Staff. The Mobilization Directorate, actively functioning since November 1918, was able to organize and establish records of the personnel of the Red Army, and from January 1, 1919, it kept records of not only field troops, but also auxiliary troops. By February 19, 1919, the department had developed a draft of a new plan for the formation of the army. A reform was also carried out, including the cutting of front-line (rear) zones and the creation of new military districts. During the Civil War and military intervention of 1917-1922. The All-Russian General Staff has done significant work to organize and conduct the conscription of those liable for military service. In this case, the Mobilization Department played an important role. Thus, in April-May 1919, under the leadership of the All-Russian General Staff, the following were formed in the military districts: 9 rifle and 2 cavalry divisions; 6 rifle and 1 cavalry brigade; 3 army artillery brigades and a number of units of technical branches of the military. In total, by the end of 1920, the Red Army had 78 rifle and 22 cavalry divisions, 35 separate rifle and 5 separate cavalry brigades. There were 5.5 million people in the ranks of the Red Army.

In 1922 - 1924 Regulatory documents on military and motor transport conscription were adopted. They were the basis for organizing mobilization work not only in the Red Army, but also in the country as a whole. On June 6, 1924, the Regulations on the Mobilization Directorate of the Red Army Headquarters came into force. However, during the military reform of 1924-1925. at the suggestion of M.N. Tukhachevsky Organizational and Mobilization departments were combined into a single whole - Organizational-mobilization department. At the same time, a territorial system of manning the army was introduced. Subsequently, the name, organizational structure and subordination of the Organizational Bureau were repeatedly changed. Thus, by order of the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs dated July 12, 1926, all functions for preparing the country and army for war were concentrated at the Headquarters of the Red Army. Since 1931, the Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the Red Army Headquarters has been divided into 3 independent directorates: 2nd (Organizational), 5th (Material Planning) and 9th (Troop Mobilization). In the mid-1930s, a transition was made from a mixed, territorial-personnel system for the construction of the Red Army to a unified personnel principle for manning the army and navy. On September 22, 1935, the Headquarters of the Red Army was reorganized, renamed the General Staff and organizationally became part of the People's Commissariat of Defense. The 8 departments of the General Staff included the organizational and material planning departments. In 1938, the organizational department of the General Staff was transformed into an organizational and mobilization department, but a year later the mobilization department was separated from its composition. And in June 1939, the Organizational and Mobilization Directorate was created on their basis. In August 1940, the General Staff switched to a new staff, which included, among other things, the Mobilization, Organization and Recruitment of Control Troops, as well as the Directorate for Logistics and Supply. With this structure, the organizational and mobilization bodies entered the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

At all stages of activity, organizational and mobilization work was carried out by wonderful, conscientious and dedicated people - military personnel and civilian personnel. And today, their daily work, high moral and professional qualities, a heightened sense of responsibility for mobilization readiness and mobilization training of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation convincingly indicate that the tasks assigned to the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff will continue to be carried out with high quality.

Material prepared by Scientific Research
Institute of Military History
Military Academy of the General Staff
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Tasks

Organizational and mobilization bodies in the Red Army and the Soviet Army

GOMU in the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR and the Russian Federation

Heads of GOMU (including its predecessors)