Pyelonephritis briefly. Description of the disease pyelonephritis, treatment. Bed rest, hospitalization

Pyelonephritis is a nonspecific bacterial inflammatory process in the interstitial tissue of the kidneys with damage to the tubular zone. This disease is very common. Today, an average of 0.1% of the world's population suffers from pyelonephritis annually. This is, in fact, a collective concept that unites pathological conditions that are different in etiology, pathogenesis, clinic and prognosis. Distinguish between chronic and arising primary or secondary, with unilateral or bilateral localization. In nephrological practice, mainly women suffer from chronic pyelonephritis, often from childhood.

The etiology of the disease.

Pyelonephritis is an infectious process in the kidneys that can be provoked by any pathogen. But the main etiological role is played by the intestinal microflora. E. coli initiates 80% of cases of inflammation in the kidneys and urinary tract. Other representatives of this group (Proteus, Klebsiella) are of lesser importance. Quite often, pyelonephritis is caused by associations of pathogens.

Development of pyelonephritis.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, bacteria enter the urinary tract retrogradely, through the urethra (women have more favorable conditions for this, because the urethra is wider and shorter). Pathogens tend to adhere to the uroepithelium (the phenomenon of adhesion), suppress the peristalsis of the ureters and move in them against the flow of urine. First, the inflammatory process occurs in the epithelium of the bowls, then spreads to the structures of the kidneys. Urolithiasis, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract anomalies, nephroptosis, prostate adenoma, ureteral reflux contribute to the development of the disease. The treatment of GCS with drugs, as well as the use of hormonal contraceptives, has a negative effect.

Morphological changes are manifested in the form of infiltration of the intertubular spaces of the medulla due to the accumulation of leukocytes. The tubules are significantly affected: dystrophy of the epithelium, the presence of leukocyte casts, atrophy and devastation in the later stages of the disease.

Clinical manifestations of the disease. Symptoms

Clinical manifestations are diverse and dynamic. The severity of symptomatology depends on the degree of activity of the inflammatory process, the depth of functional disorders, and the individual characteristics of the pathogen. General signs of the disease: fever, chills, weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, weight loss.

Possible lower back pain (sometimes of the type of renal colic), urinary disorders (more often polyuria - daily urine output reaches 3 liters or more), urination (dysuria). Laboratory signs of the disease are most clearly manifested during its exacerbation and are manifested by leukocyturia, bacteriuria, and a decrease in the relative density of urine. Some patients have proteinuria, hematuria. Pyelonephritis can be completely asymptomatic in some cases and manifest itself in the period of chronic renal failure.

How is the diagnosis carried out?

Diagnosis of pyelonephritis is based on data of clinical symptoms, the results of laboratory and instrumental studies. The latter criteria are especially valuable in the latent course of the disease. For this purpose, urine culture is performed to determine the microbial count. The result is reliable if there are at least 50 thousand identical bacteria in 1 ml of urine.

For instrumental diagnostics, methods of ultrasound scanning and excretory urography are used. Ultrasound scanning is widely used today. With pyelonephritis, spasms of the cups are observed, which are replaced by atony. In the future, the deformation of the cups occurs. Differential diagnosis is carried out with glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, hypertension.

Treatment methods.

Treatment is carried out in two stages: elimination of exacerbation and prevention of relapse. The success of therapy largely depends on the state of urodynamics. If necessary, it must be restored. It is also important to identify the pathogen and determine its sensitivity to the main antibacterial agents. Treatment of patients with active manifestations of the disease lasts on average about two months, it is carried out continuously. The patient takes antibacterial agents within the specified period, but every 7-12 days the drugs are replaced taking into account their tolerance.

In the presence of severe intoxication, antibiotics are prescribed for the first time in accordance with the type of pathogen: semi-synthetic penicillins (ampicillin, carbenicillin), cephalosporins of all generations, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides (in the absence of chronic renal failure) and others. Then nitrofurans (furadonin), sulfonamides (biseptol, bactrim, etc.) are used, after which nitroxoline (5NOK), oxolinic acid (gramurin), nalidixic acid (neviramon), pipemidic acid (palin) and others are sequentially prescribed.

The onset of remission is evidenced by the elimination of the inflammatory state, the absence of bacteriuria and leukocyturia. Anti-relapse therapy consists in the long-term (many months) use of various drugs. Within one month, one of the antibacterial drugs should be taken, the next two weeks - herbal antiseptics, cranberry juice, broth, vitamin complexes.

After the completion of anti-relapse therapy, a complete examination of the patient is carried out to resolve the issue of the need for another active antibiotic therapy. To improve microcirculation in the kidneys, antiplatelet agents are prescribed (courantil, trental, aspirin), in the presence of arterial hypertension - antihypertensive drugs.

It is characterized by the involvement of the renal pelvis, calyxes and interstitial tissue in the infectious and inflammatory process.

Etiology and pathogenesis

Refers to infectious diseases. The main causative agents of this disease: E. coli, staphylococcus, streptococcus - enter the kidneys in three ways:

1. In the hematogenous descending route, the infection enters the kidneys with angina, flu, sepsis.

2. Lymphogenous drift of infection is observed in the pathology of the colon, as well as the genitals.

By the urogenic ascending route, infection of the pelvis, calyces occurs from the lower parts of the excretory system in the presence of stones, tumors of the urethra, and, accordingly, stagnation of urine.

However, infection of the pelvis, kidney calyces is not enough for the development of pyelonephritis. An appropriate restructuring of the body's reactivity is required.

Clinical and morphological forms of pyelonephritis

Chronic, recurrent in the form of acute attacks.

Acute pyelonephritis

It can be one- and two-sided. The medullary layer is affected more significantly than the cortical layer.

Macroscopy:

On examination, the kidneys are enlarged, full-blooded. Wide pelvis and calyces are filled with cloudy urine or pus. On the mucous membrane, there are foci of hemorrhage. Abscesses are observed.

Microscopy:

The mucous membrane of the pelvis and calyces reveals:

Plethora

Leukocyte infiltration

Foci of necrosis

Microabscesses.

At ascending acute pyelonephritis microorganisms penetrate the epithelium of the pelvis and rise into the interstitial tissue of the collecting duct zone, where microabscesses, leukocyte infiltration, and tissue edema appear.

At hematogenous (primary) acute pyelonephritis multiple small abscesses in the peritubal stroma may merge into large ones. In place of the destroyed tubules of the kidney, scars develop.

Chronic pyelonephritis

It is a chronic disease that leads to kidney failure, often accompanied by hypertension.

Urine in this disease can be sterile, but often contains small amounts of protein.

In chronic pyelonephritis, great importance is attached to the immune mechanisms (high antibody titer during an exacerbation).

Pathological anatomy

Macroscopy

The surface of the kidneys is coarse, with traces of scar tissue in the cut. The pelvis are wide, with thickened whitish walls.

Microscopy

The renal pelvis and calyx are sclerosed

Infiltrated with lymphocytes and plasma cells

In the mucous membrane, the phenomenon of polyposis and metaplasia of the transitional epithelium in a stratified squamous

Sclerotherapy and encapsulation of abscesses is observed in the interstitial tissue

Dystrophy and atrophy of the kidney tubules occurs. As a result

tubule enlargement,

flattening of tubular epithelial cells,

filling the tubules with colloidal contents

the kidney becomes thyroid-like ("Thyroidization" of the kidney).

In chronic pyelonephritis, damage to the glomeruli of the kidney is less pronounced.

Features of the pyelonephritic contracted kidney

Uneven cicatricial puckering

Tight adhesion of the kidney tissue with the capsule

Sclerosis of the pelvis and pelvic tissue

Asymmetry of changes in both kidneys.

Complication of pyelonephritis

Sharp:

Formation of kidney carbuncles as a result of the fusion of large abscesses

Pyonephrosis - the formation of messages of purulent cavities with the pelvis

Perinephritis - the transition of a purulent process to the kidney capsule

Paranephritis - the transition of the process to the perineal tissue

Papillonecrosis - necrosis of the papillae of the pyramids

Chronic:

Development of nephrogenic hypertension

Development of arteriolosclerosis in the second intact kidney

Pyelonephritic wrinkling of the kidneys and the development of chronic renal failure.

Outcomes of pyelonephritis

Sharp:

Recovery

Death from noted complications

Chronic:

Uremia with wrinkled kidney

With arterial hypertension, death occurs from cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction.

Diseases of the endocrine organs

The endocrine system is scattered throughout the body. It is presented:

highly specialized secretory organs (HVS),

hormone-producing cells of non-endocrine organs (digestion, respiration, excretion).

Among ZhVS there are:

A. Central regulatory entities:

hypothalamus

B. Peripheral endocrine glands:

thyroid

parathyroid glands

adrenal glands

B. Organs performing endocrine and non-endocrine functions:

gonads (testes, ovaries)

pancreas (pancreas)

placenta

The main purpose of the endocrine system is associated with regulation of homeostasis.

The function of the endocrine organs is controlled by the hypothalamus. In its mediobasal part there are neurosecretory nuclei that produce hormones: liberins and statins. These hormones enter the anterior pituitary gland (PDH) through the vascular system. Liberins stimulate the secretion of certain hormones PDH, statins inhibit secretion. In turn, PDH cells secrete hormones that regulate the secretory activity of peripheral endocrine organs.

The function of individual IVS, as well as the interaction of the peripheral endocrine glands, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, is carried out using the mechanism of positive and negative feedback.

The development of VAS diseases is associated with:

imbalance in their regulation

direct damage to the glands under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors

Diseases of IVS can manifest

hypofunction

hyperfunction

dysfunction

Morphological changes in the endocrine glands are presented:

dystrophic

atrophic

hypo- and hyperplastic processes

sclerosis

restructuring

Pyelonephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease in which damage occurs mainly to the interstitial tissue of the kidneys, calyces and pelvis. The cause of pyelonephritis in most cases is staphylococci, streptococci, proteus and Escherichia coli (these bacteria can create associations. The disease has an acute and chronic form.

In most cases, the infection enters the kidneys ascending (from the bladder through the ureters, the infection enters the kidneys). Of no small importance is a reduced level of general reactivity of the body, disorders associated with the separation of urine caused by mechanical or other factors (squeezing ureters, stones, tumors, etc.).

Acute pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis begins with a high body temperature (up to 40 ° C), pain in the lumbar region, chills, and heavy sweating. The patient develops severe weakness, frequent urination (with pain during urination), thirst. Over time, intoxication of the body develops (headache, nausea, vomiting, etc.).

Treatment of acute pyelonephritis is carried out in a hospital. In the first days, the patient is prescribed bed rest and a salt-free diet. It is recommended to consume a large amount of liquid (at least 2-2.5 liters). In order to improve local blood circulation in the lumbar region, thermal procedures are performed (diathermy of the lumbar region, heating pads, warming compresses, etc.). To reduce pain syndrome, antispasmodic drugs (platifillin, papaverine, no-shpa) are prescribed. For the treatment of pyelonephritis, antibacterial drugs are always prescribed (before prescribing antibiotics, it is recommended to take into account the sensitivity of microorganisms to them). The course of antibiotic therapy lasts at least four weeks (even if the acute symptoms of the disease disappear).

Chronic pyelonephritis

Chronic pyelonephritis develops as a result of not fully cured acute pyelonephritis or (in rare cases) as "primary chronic" (in this case, the disease proceeds from the very beginning without acute symptoms). In most cases, chronic pyelonephritis develops in children (more often in girls). Since pyelonephritis can be both unilateral and unilateral, pain in the lumbar region (usually dull and persistent) can only be on one side (from the side of the affected kidney). The body temperature of a patient with chronic pyelonephritis does not often rise (in about 20% of cases). An accurate diagnosis can only be made after laboratory tests of urine.

Chronic pyelonephritis can cause kidney failure. In this case, the patient loses body weight, he has pallor and dryness of the skin, nosebleeds, nausea and vomiting are observed.

Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis is carried out for a long time. The patient is prescribed antibiotic therapy with a periodic change of drugs (it is imperative to take into account the sensitivity of the pathogen's microorganisms to the antibiotic). Also, patients are advised to consume mineral waters (as prescribed by a doctor), cranberry juice, diet therapy.

Pyelonephritis is one of the most common urological diseases of an infectious nature that affects the calyx-pelvic system and renal parenchyma. This rather dangerous pathology, in the absence of timely competent treatment, can lead to a violation of the excretory and filtering functions of the organ.

What kind of kidney disease is this, why it is so important to know the first symptoms and consult a doctor in time, as well as how the treatment of various forms of pyelonephritis begins, we will consider further in the article.

What is pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease characterized by damage to the parenchyma of the kidney, calyces, and renal pelvis.

In most cases, pyelonephritis is caused by a spread of infections from the bladder. The bacteria enter the body from the skin around the urethra. Then they rise from the urethra into the bladder and then enter the kidneys, where pyelonephritis develops.

Pyelonephritis can be an independent disease, but more often complicates the course of various diseases (urolithiasis, prostate adenoma, diseases of the female genital organs, tumors of the genitourinary system,) or arises as a postoperative complication.

Classification

Pyelonephritis of the kidneys is classified:

Due to development - primary (acute, or non-obstructive) and secondary (chronic, or obstructive). The first form is a consequence of infections and viruses in other organs, and the second is an abnormality of the kidneys.
At the location of the inflammation - bilateral and unilateral. In the first case, both kidneys are affected, in the second - only one, the disease can be left- or right-sided.
In the form of inflammation of the kidney - serous, purulent and necrotic.

Allocate:

Acute pyelonephritis is caused by a large number of microorganisms entering the kidneys, as well as by weakening the protective properties of the body (weak immunity, previous colds, overwork, stress, poor nutrition). The inflammatory process is pronounced. It is most often diagnosed in pregnant women, whose body is especially vulnerable.
What is chronic pyelonephritis? This is the same inflammation of the kidneys, only characterized by a latent course. Due to changes in the urinary system, the outflow of urine is disturbed, as a result of which the infection reaches the kidneys ascending.

By flow phases:

Active inflammation is characterized by symptoms: increased temperature, pressure, pain in the abdomen and lower back, frequent urination, edema;
Latent inflammation is characterized by the absence of any symptoms and, accordingly, the patient's complaints. However, in the analysis of urine pathologies are visible;
Remission - there are no urine pathologies and symptoms.

Causes of occurrence

With pyelonephritis, as we have already indicated, the kidneys are affected, and mainly the effect of bacteria leads to this result. Microorganisms, finding themselves in the renal pelvis or in it in the most urinogenic or hematogenous way, settle in the interstitial tissue of the kidney, as well as in the tissue of the renal sinus.

The disease can occur at any age. More often pyelonephritis develops:

in children under the age of 7 years (the likelihood of pyelonephritis increases due to the peculiarities of anatomical development);
in young women aged 18-30 years (the occurrence of pyelonephritis is associated with the onset of sexual activity, pregnancy and childbirth);
in older men (with obstruction of the urinary tract due to the development of prostate adenoma).

Any organic or functional reason that prevents the normal flow of urine increases the likelihood of developing the disease. Often, pyelonephritis appears in patients with urolithiasis.

The most common cause of urinary tract inflammation is:

coli bacteria (Escherichia coli), or enterococcus.
Less commonly, other gram-negative bacteria can provoke a nonspecific inflammatory process.
Often, patients are found to have combined or multi-resistant forms of infection (the latter are the result of uncontrolled and unsystematic antibacterial treatment).

Routes of infection:

Ascending (from the rectum or foci of chronic inflammation located in the urogenital organs);
Hematogenous (realized through the blood). In this situation, the source of infection can be any distant focus located outside the urinary tract.

For the occurrence of pyelonephritis, the penetration of microflora into the kidney is not enough. For this, in addition, predisposing factors are necessary, among which the main ones are:

violation of the outflow of urine from the kidney;
disorders of blood and lymph circulation in the organ.

At the same time, it is believed that in some cases highly pathogenic microorganisms can cause acute pyelonephritis in intact kidneys in the absence of any predisposing causes.

Factors that will help bacteria develop in paired organs:

Lack of vitamins;
Reduced immunity;
Chronic stress and overwork;
Weakness;
Kidney disease or a genetic predisposition to rapid damage to paired organs.

Symptoms of pyelonephritis in adults

The symptoms of pyelonephritis can vary depending on the age of the person and may include the following:

Malaise;
Fever and / or chills, especially in the case of acute pyelonephritis;
Nausea and vomiting;
Pain in the side under the lower ribs, in the back, radiating to the iliac fossa and suprapubic region;
Confusion of consciousness;
Frequent, painful urination
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy urine with a pungent odor.

Pyelonephritis is often accompanied by dysuric disorders, manifested in the form of frequent or painful urination, urine separation in small portions, and the prevalence of nocturnal diuresis over daytime.

Symptoms of the acute form of kidney pyelonephritis

In this form, pyelonephritis occurs in combination with symptoms such as:

high fever, chills. Patients have increased sweating.
The kidney from the side of the lesion hurts.
On the 3-5th day of the manifestation of the disease, by feeling, it is possible to determine that the affected kidney is in an enlarged state, in addition, it is still painful.
Also, by the third day, pus is found in the urine (which is denoted by the medical term pyuria).
The appearance of chills and fever is accompanied by headache, joint pain.
In parallel with these symptoms, there is an increase in pain in the lumbar region, basically this pain still manifests itself on the side from which the kidney is affected.

Signs of chronic pyelonephritis

Symptoms of the chronic form of kidney disease are very conditional and the course does not have pronounced signs. Often, the inflammatory process in everyday life is perceived as a respiratory infection:

muscle weakness and headache;
febrile temperature.

However, in addition to these characteristic signs of the disease, the patient has frequent urination, with the appearance of an unpleasant odor of urine. In the lumbar region, a person feels a constant aching pain, has a desire to urinate frequently.

Late common symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis are:

dryness of the oral mucosa (initially slight and inconsistent)
discomfort in the adrenal region
heartburn
belching
psychological passivity
puffiness of the face
pallor of the skin.

All this can serve as manifestations of chronic renal failure and are characteristic of bilateral kidney damage, the release of up to 2-3 liters of urine per day or more.

Complications

Serious complications of pyelonephritis include:

renal failure;
paranephritis;
and bacterial shock;
carbuncle of the kidney.

Any of these diseases has serious consequences for the body.

All of the above symptoms and signs urological diseases must have an adequate medical assessment. You should not endure and hope that everything will turn out by itself, as well as engage in self-treatment without a preliminary examination of a medical worker.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of inflammation of the pelvis and renal parenchyma, as usual, begins with a general examination after collecting the patient's complaints. Instrumental and laboratory studies are becoming mandatory, which give a complete picture of what is happening.

Laboratory methods include:

General clinical analysis of urine: when sowing urinary sediment on a glass slide, an increase in the number of leukocytes and bacteria in the field of view is detected. Urine should normally have an acidic character; in case of infectious pathology, it becomes alkaline;
General clinical blood test: all signs of an inflammatory process appear in the peripheral blood, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases and the number of leukocytes in the field of view increases significantly.

Laboratory indicators:

in the blood test, an increase with a shift in the formula to the left, accelerated ESR is determined;
the urine is cloudy with mucus and flakes, sometimes has an unpleasant odor. A small amount of protein, a significant number of leukocytes and single erythrocytes are found in it.
true bacteriuria is determined in urine cultures - the number of microbial bodies in a milliliter of urine is> 100 thousand.
the test according to Nechiporenko reveals the predominance of leukocytes in the middle portion of urine over erythrocytes.
in a chronic process, changes in biochemical analyzes are observed: an increase in creatinine and urea.

Among the instrumental research methods, they are prescribed:

Ultrasound of the kidneys and abdominal cavity;
computed tomography or X-ray to detect changes in the structure of the affected kidney.

Treatment of kidney pyelonephritis

Kidney pyelonephritis should be treated in a comprehensive manner, including medication and physiotherapy. A fully performed treatment for kidney disease contributes to the speedy recovery of the patient from infectious pathology.

Medicines

The goal of drug treatment is not only aimed at elimination of infectious agents and relief of symptomatic signs, but also on the restoration of vital body functions while the disease progressed pyelonephritis.

Preparations:

Antibiotics With an exacerbation, you cannot do without them, but it is optimal if a doctor prescribes them, it is even better if at the same time he explains how to collect and where to donate urine for culture for microflora and antibiotic sensitivity. Most often used in outpatient practice:
- protected penicillins (Augmentin),
- 2nd generation cephalosporins (Ceftibuten, Cefuroxime),
- fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin)
- nitrofurans (Furadonin, Furamag), as well as Palin, Biseptol and Nitroxoline.
Diuretic drugs: prescribed for chronic pyelonephritis (to remove excess water from the body and possible edema), with acute pyelonephritis. Furosemide 1 tablet once a week.
Immunomodulators: increase the body's reactivity in case of illness, and to prevent exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis.
- Timalin, intramuscularly 10-20 mg once a day, 5 days;
- T-activin, intramuscularly, 100 mcg 1 time per day, 5 days;
Multivitamins (Duovit, 1 tablet once a day), Ginseng tincture - 30 drops 3 times a day, are also used to increase immunity.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(Voltaren), have anti-inflammatory effects. Voltaren inside, 0.25 g 3 times a day, after meals.

Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis is carried out according to the same principles as the therapy of an acute process, but differs in greater duration and laboriousness. Therapy for chronic pyelonephritis includes the following therapeutic measures:

elimination of the reasons that led to the obstruction of the outflow of urine or caused violations of the renal circulation;
antibiotic therapy (treatment is prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of microorganisms);
normalization of general immunity.

The goal of treatment during an exacerbation is to achieve complete clinical and laboratory remission. Sometimes even 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment does not give the desired result. In these cases, a scheme is practiced when, for six months, an antibacterial drug is prescribed every month for 10 days (each time - different, but taking into account the spectrum of sensitivity), and the rest of the time - diuretic herbs.

Surgery

Surgery is prescribed if, during conservative treatment, the patient's condition remains severe or worsens. As a rule, surgical correction is performed when purulent (apostemotic) pyelonephritis, abscess or kidney carbuncle are detected.

During the operation, the surgeon restores the lumen of the ureter, excises inflammatory tissues and establishes drainages for the outflow of purulent fluid. If the parenchyma of the kidney is significantly destroyed, an operation is performed - nephrectomy.

Diet and nutrition

The goal pursued by the diet for pyelonephritis is

sparing kidney function, creating optimal conditions for their work,
normalization of metabolism not only in the kidneys, but also in other internal organs,
lowering blood pressure,
reduction of edema,
maximum excretion of salts, nitrogenous substances and toxins from the body.

According to the table of treatment tables according to Pevzner, the diet for pyelonephritis corresponds to table number 7.

General characteristics of the treatment table No. 7- this is a slight restriction of proteins, while fats and carbohydrates correspond to physiological norms. In addition, the diet should be fortified.

Products that need to be limited or, if possible, excluded for the period of treatment:

broths and soups on meat, fish rich broth - we are talking about the so-called "first" broths;
first courses from legumes;
salted and smoked fish;
any fatty varieties of river and sea fish;
caviar of any fish;
seafood;
fatty meats;
lard and interior fat;
bread with added salt;
any flour products with added salt;
mushrooms of any kind and prepared in any way;
strong tea and coffee;
chocolate;
confectionery (pastries and cakes);
sorrel and spinach;
radish and radish;
onion and garlic;
sausages and sausages - boiled, smoked, fried and baked;
any smoked products;
spicy and fatty cheeses;
canned meat and fish;
pickles and pickles;
high fat sour cream.

Allowed food items:

Low-fat varieties of meat, poultry and fish. Despite the fact that fried foods are acceptable, it is advised to boil and steam, simmer and bake without salt and spices.
Of the drinks, it is advised to drink more green tea, various fruit drinks, compotes, herbal teas and decoctions.
Low-fat soups, preferably on a vegetarian vegetable basis.
The most preferred vegetables for this diet are pumpkin, potatoes, and zucchini.
Cereals should be avoided, but buckwheat and oatmeal are acceptable and useful for this disease.
Bread is advised to be eaten without adding salt, it is not recommended to eat fresh bread right away. It is advised to make toasts out of bread, dry it in the oven. Pancakes and pancakes are also allowed.
With pyelonephritis, dairy products are allowed if they are low-fat or low-fat.
Fruits can be eaten in any quantity, they are useful in the inflammatory process of the kidneys.

Compliance with a diet with pyelonephritis facilitates the work of kidney patients and reduces the load on all organs of the urinary system.

Folk remedies

Before using folk remedies for pyelonephritis, be sure to consult with your doctor, because there may be individual contraindications for use.

10 grams of collection (prepared from lingonberry leaves, coltsfoot, strawberries, cornflower flowers, veronica grass, nettle and flax seeds) pour boiling water (0.5 liters) and place in a thermos for 9 hours. You need to consume 1/2 cup at least 3 times a day.
Pumpkin juice is especially in demand, which has a strong anti-inflammatory effect during and pyelonephritis. From a vegetable, you can cook yourself a medicinal porridge for breakfast or steam it, as well as in the oven.
Corn silk- hairs of ripe corn - as a diuretic for high blood pressure. In addition, the plant has an antispasmodic effect that will eliminate pain in the inflammatory process in the kidneys and in other parts of the body, but if blood clots form too often in the patient's blood, then corn silk will have to be abandoned.
- Dry and grind the plant.
- Pour 1 dessert spoon of hairs with 1 cup boiling water.
- They languish for 20 minutes.
- Insist 40 minutes.
- Take 2 tbsp. broth every 3 hours.
Collection of kidney pyelonephritis: 50 g each - field horsetail, wild strawberries (berries) and rose hips; 30 g each - nettle (leaves), plantain, lingonberry and bearberry; 20 g each - hops, juniper and birch leaves. Mix the entire medicinal composition and fill with 500 ml of water. Bring the entire therapeutic mass to a boil. After that, strain and consume 0.5 cups 3 times a day.

Prophylaxis

visit a urologist (once every 3-4 months);
treat urological and gynecological diseases on time;
consume a large amount of fluid to normalize the outflow of urine;
avoid hypothermia;
lead a healthy lifestyle;
adhere to a balanced diet;
do not abuse protein foods;
for men - to monitor the state of the urinary system, especially if in the past there were previous urological ailments;
if there is a urge to urinate, do not delay the process;
observe the rules of personal hygiene.

Pyelonephritis of the kidneys is a serious disease that must be treated when the first signs appear to avoid complications. Be sure to get diagnosed by a nephrologist or urologist, 1-2 times a year.

This is all about kidney pyelonephritis (acute, chronic): what are the main symptoms and signs of the disease in men and women, especially the treatment. Be healthy!

Chronic pyelonephritis is an inflammatory disease of the urinary system. At the moment, it is considered the most common among infections of the genitourinary system and is diagnosed in 60-75% of patients admitted to the hospital with complaints of difficulty urinating. The inflammatory process affects not only the pelvis, but also the kidney tissue, and in the final stages of the disease, the infection spreads through the glomeruli and blood vessels of the kidneys.

Children under the age of 7 and women - this is the risk group that pyelonephritis most often affects. Treatment of the disease is required specifically for women and children due to the anatomical features of their body - the urethra is too short, through which the infection enters the body more easily and faster. In women, the proximity of the vagina also plays a role, where the process of reproduction of harmful microorganisms is especially intense.

However, chronic pyelonephritis, the symptoms of which appear after acute pyelonephritis, is also found in men. It is usually associated with infectious diseases, urolithiasis, chronic prostatitis, as well as with some features of the male urinary tract and kidney abnormalities. In a strong half of humanity, a provoking factor in the development of pyelonephritis is a prostate adenoma, which affects the normal outflow of urine and facilitates the penetration of infection into the body. That is why it is imperative to carry out effective treatment for prostate adenoma.

In children, chronic pyelonephritis (treatment is most often required for girls) is a consequence of acute pyelonephritis or acute viral diseases (tonsillitis, flu, ARVI, otitis media). Difficulties in treating infection in children are explained by the fact that it quickly affects the urinary tract and leads to exacerbations of the infectious process in the kidneys.

Chronic pyelonephritis - symptoms

As a rule, signs of the disease appear after untreated acute pyelonephritis. Often, doctors manage to relieve acute inflammation, and they stop there, without taking care of the complete destruction of pathogens in the kidney and restoration of the normal outflow of urine. Inadequate treatment leads to the appearance of chronic pyelonephritis, which constantly bothers the patient with dull, aching pain in the lower back. They pester people especially strongly in wet, cold weather. Note that from time to time the disease worsens, and the patient develops all the symptoms of an acute process: chills, fever, headache, as well as pain in the lumbar region, kidneys and hypochondrium.

Pyelonephritis - treatment and prognosis

The basic principles of treating the inflammatory process can be reduced to the implementation of several simple but important rules:

drinking a lot of unsweetened and non-carbonated liquids. The exceptions are cases when chronic pyelonephritis leads to pathologies of the cardiovascular system and a lack of blood circulation;
taking infusions of diuretic plants. Lingonberry or cranberry leaves, corn silk, horsetail, bearberry and birch buds are especially effective;
intensive antibiotic therapy, carried out according to the results of a urine test to determine antibiotic sensitivity;
in especially severe and advanced cases, pyelonephritis, the treatment of which with conservative methods did not bring the desired results, requires surgical intervention. As a rule, drainage of the urinary tract is carried out for an unobstructed outflow of urine (puncture nephrostomy, laparotomy, stent placement, decapsulation).

Uncomplicated chronic pyelonephritis, the symptoms of which sometimes appear even in apparently healthy women, can be treated on an outpatient basis with antibiotics. Complicated chronic pyelonephritis leads to hyperthermia and intoxication. With this form, it is advisable to hospitalize the patient in a hospital, since the person may need intravenous antibiotics and fluids. The hospital also provides treatment for pregnant women. In this case, it does not matter at all whether the symptoms of the disease are weak or strongly pronounced, because an exacerbation can happen in a mother at almost any time and it is better to place her under the constant supervision of doctors.

In men, chronic pyelonephritis most often proceeds with complications, since in most cases it occurs against the background of bladder outlet obstruction and, accordingly, requires not only antibiotic therapy, but also measures aimed at achieving normal urine passage (trocar epicystostomy, alpha-blockers).

YouTube video related to the article: