After the polio vaccine, the injection site hurts. Polio vaccination. Positive and negative sides

Content

The danger of the disease is that the pathogen damages the nerve cells of the child's spinal cord, which is accompanied by paralysis and subsequent disability. The only sure way to avoid getting infected is polio vaccination. There are no other methods of preventing the development of the disease at the moment.

How does the polio vaccine work?

It is known that polio vaccination works in a similar way to all standard vaccinations. A strongly weakened or killed virus-causative agent of the disease is introduced into the human body, it begins to multiply, forcing the immune system to produce antibodies. After a certain time, the bacteria will be removed from the body, but will continue to provide "passive" immunization. There are currently two types of polio vaccines:

OPV- oral live polio vaccine;
IPV- inactivated injection vaccine.

Drops

The polio vaccine in drops is also called "live". The composition includes all three types of weakened disease virus. The method of administration of the drug is oral, the liquid has a pink color with a bitter-salty taste. The doctor applies 3-4 drops to the palatine tonsils of the child so that the drug penetrates into the lymphoid tissue. The dosage should be calculated by a physician, due to an incorrect determination of the amount of the drug, its effectiveness decreases. With this type of vaccination, part of the bacteria can enter the child's stool (becomes infectious), which will cause infection in unvaccinated children.

Inactivated polio vaccine

This type of vaccination is considered safer, because there is no live virus in the composition, there is practically zero likelihood of side effects. The use of IPV is allowed even with reduced immunity of the child. The drug is administered intramuscularly under the scapula, shoulder or thigh muscle. On the territory of Russia, as a rule, one of the following drugs is used:

Imovax Polio... The Belgian vaccine consists of three types of polio virus. The action of the drug is very mild, it is allowed for use at any age, for children with low body weight. Allowed to be used in conjunction with other vaccines.
Polyorix... French drug, the method of exposure is similar to the vaccine described above.

Who should be vaccinated against polio

Polio vaccination is recommended for everyone and should be given while still in infancy. Parents can refuse vaccination, but this carries the risk of developing the disease. In Russia, doctors advise to carry out vaccination together with DPT (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus), except in cases where the child's schedule was drawn up individually. The joint implementation of these vaccinations will develop strong immunity in the baby from these diseases. For vaccination, two different drugs can be used, for example, Imovax and Infanrix, or a combined version - Pentaxim.

Vaccination schedule

WHO has developed a special schedule for the development of persistent immunity in children to the disease. Vaccination against poliomyelitis using the example of IPV type in the territory of the Russian Federation has the following scheme:

3 months- 1st vaccination;
4.5 months- 2nd;
6 months- 3rd.

Revaccination

After the first three vaccinations against the disease, it is necessary to make a revaccination, which is done according to the following schedule:

18 months- 1st revaccination;
20 months- 2nd;
14 years old- 3rd.

How to get vaccinated against polio

On the territory of Russia, drugs are allowed for vaccination with OPV, IPV. As a rule, in the first year, the baby is vaccinated against polio with an inactivated virus. This type of drug is more expensive than oral drops, so the injection is performed only the first time. In the future, parents can buy OPV, the child will be instilled with 3-4 drops in the mouth.

When the virus is administered orally, it is important that the liquid gets to the root of the tongue, where the accumulation of lymphoid tissue is located. For older children, drops are tried to be applied to the tonsils. In these places, the number of taste buds is minimal, so it is more likely that the child will swallow the vaccine in its entirety. Doctors usually use a needleless syringe or dropper to apply the drug. You can give food after vaccination no earlier than 1 hour later.

Response to polio vaccine

at the injection site, there is a slight swelling, soreness;
upset stool for up to 2 days, goes away on its own;
temperature rise to 38.5 ° C for 1-2 days;
redness at the injection site up to 8 cm in diameter;
single vomiting, nausea;
nervousness, increased excitability.

Contraindications to vaccination

a person has HIV, a severely weakened immune system;
pregnancy of the baby's mother or any other woman in his environment;
breastfeeding period;
pregnancy planning period;
immunosuppressive therapy is carried out, neoplasms have appeared;
there is a negative reaction of the body during vaccination in the past;
have recently suffered acute infectious diseases;
there is an exacerbation of chronic diseases;
there is an allergy to neomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin.

There are much fewer bans for conducting IVP. The following contraindications are considered really dangerous for this type of vaccination:

immunodeficiency states;
pregnancy;
acute infectious disease;
intolerance to the constituents of the drug;
complications after a previous vaccination.

Possible complications

As a rule, vaccination is well tolerated by children (especially IVP), but the development of side effects is possible depending on the correct preparation of the child for the procedure, the type of drug, and the patient's health. It is necessary to urgently go to the nearest hospital when the following symptoms appear:

strong weakness, lethargy;
heavy breathing, shortness of breath;
convulsive reactions;
development of urticaria, severe itching;
significant temperature rise (over 39 ° C);
severe swelling of the face and / or limbs.

Video

Polio drops are taken as a vaccine to avoid infection. Poliomyelitis is an acute viral illness. It can cause serious damage to the nervous system. Because of this, the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the intestines and nasopharynx is possible. This disease has always been considered childhood, it affects babies under the age of 10. The source of infection is a sick person. The peak of the disease is observed between August and October.

Indications for use of a drop from poliomyelitis

Vaccinations begin to be carried out for children from the age of two months. This will avoid further contamination. Everything is done by instilling 2-4 drops of the drug on the lymphoid tissue of the baby's pharynx. In older children, instillation is performed on the surface of the tonsils. The first vaccination is done at the age of 3-6 months. After that, revaccination is required at 18-20 months and 14 years.

The main indication for taking the drug is to prevent infection with polio. After the vaccination is carried out, you should refuse to eat for an hour, you can not drink either. The fact is that together with food and liquid, the medicine will wash off into the stomach and will not have time to form a protective barrier.

After the vaccination has been carried out, it is highly discouraged to introduce complementary foods and new foods into the baby's diet. Because it is possible to develop allergic reactions due to ingestion of unknown food. Most often, this condition is equated with the inadequacy of the medication, it is not.

Pharmacodynamics

The vaccine for the disease is a stabilized drug. It contains live attenuated poliomyelitis viruses of the Sabin strains of type 1, 2 and 3. They enter the human body in a multiplied form. Each product intended for vaccination meets all the requirements of the World Health Organization.

After using the product, immunity begins to form in almost 98%. The level of seroconservation after administration of 3 doses of the vaccine can reach 100% concentration. This rate is observed for three types of poliovirus. An increased level of maternal antibodies can affect the immune response of the drug. Diarrhea during vaccination, as well as family exposure to various vaccines, can lead to negative consequences. Breastfeeding has a particular impact and may result in the vaccine not being absorbed.

The poliomyelitis droplets contain the viruses of this disease, in a weakened form. Type 1 - at least 1 thousand, type 2 - 100 thousand and type 3 - 300 thousand. Such a number of them will allow the body to develop immunity against the disease.

Pharmacokinetics

A polio remedy must include weakened components of the virus. This will help to develop immunity in the body against the disease. The preparation contains diphtheria toxoid in the amount of 30 IU, tetanus toxoid - 40 IU and pertussis toxoid 25 μg.

In addition, the drug contains filamentous hemagglutinin 25 μg, inactivated poliomyelitis virus, type 1 40 U D antigen of poliomyelitis virus inactivated, type 2 8 U D antigen of poliomyelitis virus inactivated, 3 types 32 U D antigen. Substances such as aluminum hydroxide - 0.3 mg, phenoxyethanol - 2.5 μl, acetic acid or sodium hydroxide - up to pH 6.8-7.3, water d / i - up to 0.5 ml act as auxiliary components. All together helps to strengthen the body. Thus, it is able to withstand many viruses and infections. Sucrose - 42.5 mg and trometamol - 0.6 mg can act as auxiliary components.

Using polio drops during pregnancy

Vaccination is highly discouraged during pregnancy. It can be justified only if there is a risk of contracting an infection that poses a threat to both the life of the mother and the child.

As you know, in the first trimester of pregnancy, you should stop using any medications. After all, there is always the risk of causing irreparable harm to the baby. The child's nervous system begins to form from the first weeks, any impact on it can lead to the development of pathological processes. Higher doses of illegal drugs can cause premature birth.

Vaccination against polio is carried out if there is a risk of infection of the baby. But at the same time, the vaccine itself is capable of harming a developing body. An experienced professional can make the decision about vaccination, depending on the possible dangers.

Contraindications for use

There are a number of contraindications for vaccination. So, it cannot be carried out for children with congenital immunodeficiency or HIV (even if one of the family members is infected). If there is a pregnant woman around the baby. This can negatively affect the expectant mother.

If a woman is planning a pregnancy or is already carrying a child, vaccination is not worth it. This is done if there is a risk of infection for the mother and baby. You do not need to be vaccinated when breastfeeding. If before that, there was an unusual reaction to other medications, then vaccination is carried out with extreme caution.

Contraindications include allergies to neomycin, polymyxin B, and streptomycin. These are the components that make up the vaccine. It should not be used in the presence of acute infectious diseases, even after complete recovery.

Neurological disorders, as well as immunodeficiency disorders, malignant neoplasms, and immunosuppression can interfere with vaccination. Routine vaccination should be postponed if there is a severe course of ARVI, acute intestinal diseases. Vaccinations can be done after the temperature has returned to normal.

Side effects of a polio drop

There is practically no reaction to the introduction of the vaccine. In some cases, allergic reactions occur. This is due to individual intolerance to the components of the drug. Therefore, before using it, you should familiarize yourself with the composition and identify the body's response to its components. Urticaria or Quincke's edema is extremely rare.

Cases of vaccine-associated diseases were recorded. This condition occurs once in three million. This condition requires differential diagnosis with polio-like diseases. In order to limit the circulation of the virus among the people around the vaccinated child, certain rules must be followed. The baby should have a separate bed, pot, bedding, clothes, dishes, etc. This will prevent parents from being affected by the vaccine. Because it can be carried out exclusively for children.

Polio Droplet Reaction

Many parents are interested in the question of whether complications are possible after vaccination and how they manifest themselves. Usually, the vaccine does not cause any reactions. But still, one case in 2.5-3 million is recorded. In order to exclude any reactions, it is worth vaccinating only children with excellent health.

Preference should be given directly to the injection, rather than drops. The first option is much safer and does not cause adverse reactions as often. What type of vaccine to choose is up to the doctor and the baby's parents. In any case, it is important to prepare the child for this procedure.

Occasionally, after the vaccine is administered, the baby has diarrhea or an allergic reaction. They do not pose any danger and do not require special treatment. The baby will walk away on its own after a few days. If the child's condition is very worrisome, you can take him to an appointment with a therapist.

Diarrhea after polio drops

The baby's gastrointestinal tract is very weak. Therefore, any influence on him can lead to negative consequences. Digestive upset is the most common symptom after polio vaccination. The occurrence of diarrhea is associated with the content of live bacteria in the vaccine. They have an effect on the intestinal mucosa. If diarrhea lasts more than a day, it is worth informing the physician about it.

The droplet vaccine consists of attenuated viruses. Intestinal upset can occur with oral live virus vaccination. The fact is that they are capable of actively multiplying in the digestive system. The sensitive intestine vividly perceives such an influence on it and responds with a disorder. Moderate diarrhea after vaccination is not dangerous. If in doubt, it is best to visit a doctor, especially if your baby has a severe disorder.

Fever after polio drops

After vaccination, the temperature may rise slightly or remain unchanged. As doctors say, you should not worry about this. Even if the temperature has risen to 38-38.5 degrees. This is a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of a weakened virus into it. If the temperature rises with additional reactions, including diarrhea and allergic reactions, it is worth going to the hospital.

Hyperthermia develops within a few hours after the administration of the vaccine. Sometimes this period stretches for 2-3 days. Therefore, it is worth monitoring the baby's condition for several days. The temperature can also be kept for 2-3 days. In some cases, even two weeks. It all depends on the baby's immunity. If the increase is not accompanied by other reactions, there is no reason to worry. Additional treatment is not carried out, but antipyretic drugs are allowed.

Method of administration and dosage

The vaccine is applied about 4 times. The age of the procedure is noted in a special calendar of preventive vaccinations, you can get it from the observing therapist. Usually, the nurse or the doctor himself is responsible for announcing the day of the vaccination. This is done in advance so that parents have time to prepare.

At one time, use 4 drops of the product. Everything is carried out in accordance with the packaging of the drug. The inoculation dose should be instilled into the mouth with a dropper or pipette attached to the vial. The action is carried out one hour before a meal. In no case should you drink drops and drink liquid within an hour after use. The vaccine will simply enter the stomach and will not fulfill its protective functions.

According to this principle, the remedy is applied 4 times, but only on the appointed days. During the period of use, you should monitor the condition of the baby and record possible changes. The vaccine is generally well tolerated.

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Overdose

With the correct dosage, no adverse reactions can occur. The fixed dose is 4 drops. In some cases, 5 is used. It is not fraught with anything for the child. Nevertheless, it is necessary to monitor its condition. Some children have a hard time tolerating vaccination, so even a slight increase in the dose can provoke an overdose.

If a large amount of the drug enters the gastrointestinal tract, poisoning is possible. It is advisable to give the baby a gastric lavage and consult a doctor. Nausea and vomiting can occur when a considerable amount of the drug enters the stomach. This is not so common.

Overdose may cause fever and severe diarrhea. If these symptoms persist for more than a day, and the diarrhea is severe, specialist advice is necessary. In some cases, the temperature lasts for 2 weeks. The disorder occurs due to the sensitivity of the baby's digestive organs.

Interaction with other drugs

Vaccination against poliomyelitis can be carried out on the same day together with the DTP vaccine (ADS or ADS-M toxoid). It is possible to use the agent with other drugs, if the schedule for the introduction of vaccinations was drawn up by a doctor.

In accordance with the recommendations, the drug is used simultaneously with vaccines against hepatitis B, whooping cough, tetanus, rubella. But only if they are included in the immunization scheme. Concomitant use with rotavirus vaccine is not able to affect the immune response to poliovirus antigens. Although the live vaccine can significantly reduce the immune response, after the first dose it was shown that the level of anti-rotavirus IgA reaches the target level. And this happens after the introduction of the second dose of the vaccine. At the same time, clinical protection is preserved. If the agent is prescribed together with other vaccines based on live bacteria, then at least a month should pass between the injections. No other data on incompatibility have been reported.

Storage conditions

The vaccine must be stored at -20 degrees. This will keep its effectiveness for 2 years. At a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, the shelf life does not exceed one year. If the vaccine is in a twenty-degree cold, then it is not worth placing it in other temperature regimes. If necessary, the shelf life is reduced to 6 months.

To maintain the optimal effectiveness of the drug, it is worth keeping it in the refrigerator. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. If the drug is not expected to be used in the near future, then it is better to place it in the cold. If possible, observe a temperature regime of 20 degrees below zero. If the vaccine was accidentally exposed to a different temperature. If you suspect an increase in the limits, it is worth checking the effectiveness of the vaccine. It is likely that it is no longer usable.

After the bottle is opened, it must be applied within 8 hours. During this time, the vaccine is stored at a temperature of 2-8 degrees Celsius. If the vaccine is not expected to be taken within 8 hours after opening, it is necessary to freeze the vaccine immediately. It has been proven that repeated freezing and thawing does not affect the quality of the product. Store the drug out of the reach of children.

Shelf life

The storage duration depends entirely on the conditions. So, at temperatures over 20 degrees below zero, the period is 2 years. If the drug is stored at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, then the shelf life is reduced to a year. If necessary, defrosting and re-freezing, the shelf life does not exceed six months. The temperature regime must be monitored.

In addition to temperature, conditions play an important role, as well as the appearance of the bottle. It must not be damaged or punctured. Pay attention to the appearance of the vaccine itself. The color and smell should be unchanged. A similar requirement is put forward for consistency. All three parameters must be unchanged.

To prevent trouble, it is worth hiding the product away from children. They can harm themselves or damage the vaccine bottle. The drug is afraid of direct sunlight, so the best place to store it is in the refrigerator. In such conditions, the vaccine will last more than one year.

It's important to know!

Poliomyelitis [from the Greek polio (gray), myelos (brain)] is an acute viral anthroponous infectious disease with the fecal-oral transmission mechanism of the pathogen, which is characterized by a predominant lesion of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brain with the development of paralysis.

In some cases (for example, with an innate hypersensitivity of the body to the action of the pathogen), poliomyelitis (in a milder form) may develop.

Injections with inactivated virus cells are safer.

Possible consequences and complications after

After vaccination against polio (both drops and injections), children can develop all sorts of unpleasant reactions, side effects and actions:

Increased body temperature The child has. This complication is not due to the vaccine. Hyperthermia develops if a child contracted an infection (for example, SARS) before or after vaccination.
To prevent the development of hyperthermia, you need to protect the child from contact with sick people, for a while, refuse to visit places with a large crowd of people;
Allergic reaction. The vaccination product contains a large number of active substances. These are virus cells, antibiotics, auxiliary components that allow the vaccine to be absorbed by the body.
All of these elements can lead to allergy symptoms (skin swelling and rash, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, difficulty breathing).
Especially such a reaction to the polio vaccine (in droplets, or injection) occurs in children who are already prone to the development of pathology (for example, with hay fever, food allergies in a child);
Dysbacteriosis and other disorders of the digestive tract. Symptoms of disorders are stool changes (diarrhea), abdominal pain, flatulence, loss of appetite, nausea.
If the symptoms appear intensely, do not stop for 3 or more days, increasing the risk of dehydration, the child does not feel well, it is necessary to consult a doctor and start treatment.

The most rare and dangerous complication after vaccination is the development of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis.

This happens after the funds have been used. with living cells of the virus in about 1 case per million (and most often the paralytic form of pathology develops). The child develops symptoms similar to polio.

These are hyperthermia, fever, impaired physical activity and general well-being, decreased reflexes.

Dr. Komarovsky will tell you about the polio vaccine in the following video:

The main way to protect yourself from polio is vaccination, that is, the introduction of small doses of the virus to develop immunity to the pathogen.

The procedure has a lot of positive aspects, but sometimes unpleasant and even dangerous complications can develop after the introduction of the vaccine.

In contact with

Poliomyelitis is a dangerous infection of viral origin, manifested by damage to the tissues of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain. The disease is most often recorded in children under five years of age.

The causative agent is a representative of the Poliovirus hominis group, which has 3 varieties (type I, II and III). Once it enters the body through the digestive tract, the polio virus infects the cells of the nervous system. As a result, paralysis develops, in especially severe cases leading to disability or death.

According to statistics, most infections are asymptomatic, and from 1 to 5% of children get sick with severe forms. However, only a third of them recover without consequences, the rest remain for life with motor impairments of varying severity (up to paralysis), and every tenth dies. Poliomyelitis is incurable (therapy is symptomatic), and the virus is ubiquitous. The only protection against it is timely routine vaccination.

In medicine, this term refers to the introduction into the body of a special drug containing the pathogen in a killed or weakened form. The response of the immune system is the production of antibodies - specific glycoproteins that prevent the virus from multiplying and the development of the disease. As a result, a stable protection (immunity) against infection is formed in the event of a live pathogen entering the body, as evidenced by the analysis of antibodies to poliomyelitis of a vaccinated person.

To reliably protect your child, you need to start getting vaccinated from an early age. Up to three months, the baby is protected by the passive immunity received from the mother, and then vaccination is required. For it to be effective, it is necessary to observe the terms of vaccination and revaccination of poliomyelitis, otherwise the tension of the immune system will weaken.

Thanks to the massive compulsory vaccination of children, it was possible to get rid of the threat of an epidemic by almost 100% and reduce the incidence to isolated cases in developed countries. The fact that the disease sometimes occurs is related to the refusal of immunization. In countries with low living standards and low health care, poliovirus still poses a serious threat.

What is the best polio vaccine?

This question worries parents who have to vaccinate their baby, and is due to the fact that there are two types of the drug. Both of them were developed and obtained in the middle of the last century by American scientists, and are successfully used to prevent polio to this day:

OPV is a trivalent oral drop vaccine. In it, the poliovirus is attenuated, that is, it is alive, but neutralized, and cannot infect a person.
IPV is a preparation containing killed polio viruses of three types. It is injected intramuscularly.

To figure out which polio vaccine is better and safer, you should study each one in detail.

Poliomyelitis vaccine, oral

The search for a reliable prophylactic agent was carried out in the 50s of the last century by many scientists. An effective drug was created by the American virologist Albert Sabin in 1962. It was his version that was licensed in 1962 as the safest and most effective and is now the only one.

Parallel work was carried out in the Soviet Union, where the Seibin vaccine began to be used in medical practice even earlier, which made it possible to reduce the incidence several times by 1962. Today in Russia vaccination is carried out with a drug produced by the Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis.

Composition and method of application

The polio vaccine contains three attenuated poliovirus serotypes grown in African monkey kidney tissue culture. One dose is enough to form immunity in half of the vaccinated, and three-fold vaccination increases this figure to 95% and more.

OPV is supplied to medical facilities in 5 ml glass vials, each of which is designed for 25 single doses. To vaccinate, you need to drop 4 drops (0.2 ml) into the child's mouth with a pipette or syringe. An hour before and after that, it should not be fed or given to drink, so as not to deactivate the drug.

Contraindications, side effects

You cannot give the vaccine a live polio vaccine in the following cases:

the appearance of neurological disorders as a result of previous vaccination;
acute or exacerbated chronic diseases at the time of the procedure (in this case, it is postponed);
immune deficiency states, immunosuppression, malignant neoplasms.

A side effect in the form of a rash can very rarely appear only with a tendency to allergic reactions. Otherwise, the polio vaccine is easily tolerated.

special instructions

It should be borne in mind that vaccinated OPV carries poliovirus for 60 days and secretes it, and therefore individuals without immunity can be infected. Therefore, it is necessary to temporarily isolate the child from them (as well as provide him with separate items of personal use and hygiene) in order to exclude the occurrence of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis. If there are unvaccinated children in the family, routine vaccination should be carried out with an inactivated foreign drug.

Inactivated vaccine

US virologist Jonas Salk presented his development, which began to be used all over the world, in 1955. The dead vaccine contains three serotypes of formaldehyde-inactivated poliovirus. Two doses of the drug provide stable immune protection against poliomyelitis in 90% of those vaccinated, and its threefold use increases this figure to almost 100%.

To date, IPV is offered by only two manufacturers:

The French pharmaceutical company SANOFI PASTEUR ®, S.A. an inactivated polio vaccine called Imovax Polio ® is produced. A single dose of the drug 0.5 ml is packed in a special syringe-dose equipped with a needle. A child is injected into the thigh, in the middle of the quadriceps muscle, and for adults, into the shoulder.

The Belgian concern GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals ® produces a vaccine under the brand name Poliorix ® in glass bottles of 0.5 ml. The drug is administered similarly to Imovaks®, but the option of subcutaneous injection is also allowed.

Inactivated polio vaccine can provoke local and general adverse reactions (induration at the injection site, redness, itching, pain). The latter include drowsiness, lethargy, moderate fever, and muscle pain in the first days after vaccination. Since the components can cause allergies, IPV is contraindicated in case of intolerance to neomycin ®, streptomycin ®, polymyxin B ®.

Vaccination is also contraindicated in children under three months of age.

Output

The optimal option in modern conditions is to use the vaccination scheme of the National Calendar, where the first two vaccinations are made with an inactivated vaccine, and the rest - with a live vaccine. This method allows you to combine the advantages of both means of prevention and prevent possible complications.

From the point of view of ease of use, OPV is better because it is taken orally in the form of four drops. In addition, this method provides additional protection as the vaccine replicates in the digestive tract. It is there that the poliovirus is localized, and when the incubation period ends, poliomyelitis spreads throughout the body. An undoubted advantage is the low cost of production, which makes it possible to vaccinate the population for free on a global scale.

Inactivated vaccines for injection are completely safe for the child himself and unvaccinated persons in contact with him from the point of view of the disease of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis. On the other hand, they are quite expensive, and the likelihood of side effects is higher.

Polio vaccination schedule

The national vaccination calendar of the Russian Federation assumes the implementation of three vaccinations and the same number of revaccinations at regular intervals. Starting at the age of three months, the child is given six vaccinations according to the following scheme:

The first two vaccinations since 2011 are carried out exclusively with an inactivated drug of French or Belgian production at the expense of the state. In the future, free OPV vaccination is carried out. If desired, parents can replace it with injections with a non-living vaccine on a paid basis.

Previously, only a domestic drug was used, but for the immunization of children in the first six months of life, it was replaced by an IVP. Such measures were taken for safety reasons, in order to completely exclude the possibility of developing such complications in vaccinated as vaccine-associated poliomyelitis. The subsequent administration of the oral vaccine is completely harmless.

Consequences of polio vaccination

The most important consequence is the formed strong immunity against a dangerous viral disease and protection against it for life.

As a result of mass vaccinations around the world, poliomyelitis has been almost completely eradicated. Epidemiologically dangerous are only a few backward countries. If by the 80s of the last century the world number of registered cases of paralysis was 350,000 annually, today there are no more than 400 of them.

However, negative consequences are also possible in the form of complications after polio vaccination in children. This refers primarily to VAPP - vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis - due to infection of the body with viruses contained in a live vaccine. Such a reaction can be observed in a child with immune deficiency conditions. That is why, according to the vaccination calendar of the Russian Federation, the first two vaccinations are performed only with IPV, and it is prohibited to replace it with drops. This scheme completely eliminates the risk of VAP disease.

Parents are also concerned about a possible negative reaction to the polio vaccine in a child. The side effects listed in the instructions for the inactivated vaccine may indeed occur, but they do not pose any danger to health and life. OPV is also harmless, if you take into account the contraindications and give drops to completely healthy children.

Poliomyelitis is a severe acute infectious disease that is difficult to treat and causes many of the most serious consequences. The disease is highly contagious, spread by one of three polio viruses. The virus has a destructive effect on the human spinal cord, as a result of which paralysis can develop, if the respiratory system is damaged, death occurs.

Polio vaccine

Vaccination will help to protect yourself from this disease, which prevents the emergence and development of a dangerous virus. Vaccination is done at 3 months, at 4.5 months and at 6. Further, the vaccination is carried out at 18, at 20 months and at 14 years old. There are two types of polio vaccines.

Oral live vaccine or OPV.
Inactivated polio vaccine or IPV.

The oral live vaccine comes in reddish droplets. This is a solution of live, but very weakened viruses, thanks to which a stable immunity will form in the body. 4 drops are instilled on the root of the child's tongue or on the surface of the tonsils. An hour after the procedure, you can not eat or drink; when regurgitation, you must repeat the instillation.

Inactivated polio vaccine contains dead polio strains. This vaccination is done subcutaneously or intramuscularly. It is believed that with this vaccine, the likelihood of side effects is less than with a live vaccine. But the oral live vaccine creates a more powerful and persistent immunity to the disease.

Contraindications to vaccination

You need to know that any vaccination has certain contraindications and limitations. Polio vaccination is not given in the following cases.

The state of immunodeficiency in the patient, or if there are people with immunodeficiency in the environment. When vaccinated, the body fights the virus and becomes immune to disease. If a person is weakened and cannot fight the strain, albeit weakened, then the likelihood of an illness is high. For some time after vaccination, a person is a carrier of the infection, this is dangerous for people with immunodeficiency in his environment. The virus is shed from a newly vaccinated person for 60 days, and people with weak immunity have a real risk of getting sick.
People with malignant neoplasms and undergoing chemotherapy also fall under contraindications. This is explained by the same reasons. The body is weakened and the immune system may not fight viruses. This also includes taking medications that suppress the immune system. The vaccine is not given for 6 months after the end of treatment.
Contraindications include pregnancy and planning for pregnancy, breastfeeding, and being around pregnant women.
Acute diseases and exacerbations of chronic diseases by the time of the planned vaccination. The body is weakened, it is impossible to vaccinate. Vaccination is postponed until complete recovery.
Allergic reaction to antibiotics streptomycin, neomycin and polymyxin B, which are included in the vaccine.
A severe allergic or unusual reaction after a previous vaccination.
Contraindications include neurological reactions of the body after a previous vaccination.

Vaccination complications are rare. In terms of the degree of risk, it is much more scary not to get vaccinated with polio, and then meet a wild virus and get sick. Be healthy yourself and protect the health of your children!