Infections in newborns after childbirth. Infection in a newborn baby symptoms and treatment. Causes of the development of intrauterine infection during pregnancy

Causes of infection

Types of pathogens

These include:

Treatment of newborns

Prediction and prevention

Infections received by the child even during the period of intrauterine life, make a significant contribution to the statistics of morbidity, mortality of kids and further disability. Today, there are frequent cases when it seemed to have a healthy woman (not smoke, do not drink, no chronic diseases) is not born a healthy child.

What is this explained? During pregnancy, the woman decreases immunity, and some hidden (latent) infections are not exhibiting themselves to pregnancy, they are activated (this is especially dangerous in 1 trimester).

Important facts about vui

Up to 10% of all pregnancies accompanied by the transfer of infection from the mother to the fetus
0.5% of born children have certain symptoms of infection
Mother infection does not necessarily lead to fetal infection
Many infections, dangerous for the fetus, proceed with the mother gently or do not have symptoms at all
Fruit infection is more often due to the first infection in the mother
Timely treatment of a pregnant woman can reduce or reduce risks to zero for the fetus.

How is the fruit infected?

There are three main methods of transmission of intrauterine infection during pregnancy:

Transplascent (hematogenic) - viruses (CMV, herpes, etc.), syphilis, toxoplasmosis, lesteriosis

The causative agent penetrates the blood of the mother through the placenta. If this happens in 1 trimester, then the defects of development and deformity often occur. If the fruit is infected in 3 trimester, then the newborn has signs of acute infection. The direct hit of the causative agent into the kid's blood leads to generalized accuracy.

Ascending - mycoplasma, chlamydia, herpes

The infection rises from the genital paths of the mother to the child. This usually happens after breaking the fetal shells, at the time of birth, but sometimes it happens during pregnancy. The main reason for the intrauterine infection is to get it into the oilyotic water, and as a result - damage to the skin, respiratory and digestive path of the fetus.

Downward

The infection descends to the fetus through the uterine pipes (with adnexite, ooforite).

Frequent causative agents of intrauterine transplantary infection

Most of the famous viruses and bacteria can penetrate the fruit and cause different damage. But some of them have special infinity or represent an increased danger to the child. Part of the viruses (almost all causing ARVI) are not transmitted to the baby, but are dangerous only with a strong increase in the temperature of the pregnant woman.

Consequences of intrauterine infection for a child

Congenital infection can develop 2 scenarios: acute and chronic. Acute infection is dangerous heavy sepsis, pneumonia and shock state. Signs of unhealthy in such kids are visible almost from birth, they are badly eaten, they sleep much, becoming less and less active. But often the disease obtained in the mother's womb proceeds sluggish or does not have obvious symptoms. Such children are also in the risk group for remote consequences: impairment of hearing and vision, delayed mental and motor development.

General symptoms of intrauterine infections

In the intrauterine penetration of infectious agents, miscarriage, pregnancy, the antenatal fetal and stilling death are quite often happening. The surviving fruits can observe the following symptoms:

Delay of intrauterine development
Micro and hydrocephalia
Chorioretinite, Cataract (eye damage)
Myocarditis
Pneumonia
Jaundice and liver increase
Anemia
Wasyka fetal (swelling)
Rash on the skin
Fever

At what time of pregnancy is dangerous infection?

Baby infection even before birth can be dangerous on any gestation period. But some infections carry a greater threat to life and health in the first trimester (rubella virus, for example), and some illnesses are scary when infected by a couple of days before delivery (windshow).

Early infection more often leads to miscarriages and severe developmental vices. Later, infection is usually associated with a rapidly flowing infectious disease in a newborn. More specific risks and the degree of danger determines the attending physician according to the results of analyzes, ultrasound, the term of pregnancy and the features of a particular infection.

Risk groups by dangerous to fetal diseases

Women having senior children attending school and preschool institutions
Employees of kindergartens, nursery, schools
Medical workers
Pregnant women with chronic inflammatory diseases
Indication on repeated medical abortions
Women with the birth of infected children in the past
Development defects and the antenatal fetal death in the past
Unexpected oral influence

Signs of pregnant infection

Temperature rise
Increase and soreness of lymph nodes
Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain
Rubber, tear, conjunctivitis
Soreness and swelling of the joints

The above symptoms may be signs of allergies, noncommunicable diseases, or non-dangerous infections for the kid. But any signs of unhealthy should be seen pregnant and are a reason to appeal to the doctor.

Frequent causative agents of intrauterine infection

Viruses

	Mother infection	Consequences for the child
Rubella	Air-drip	Fetal rubella syndrome
Cytomegalovirus	Through biological fluids: blood, saliva, cum, urine	Congenital CMV infection (with or without symptoms)
Virus simple herpes 2	Pretty sexual path	Congenital herpetic infection
Parvovirus B19	Air-drip	Anemia, fetal water
Chickenpox	Air-drip, contact-household road	Development defects in early infection, congenital windmill when infected before childbirth
	Air-drip	Spontaneous abortion, congenital cortex
Hepatitis B, with	Sex Path	Hepatitis newborn, chronic virus carriage
	Sex path, injection path	Congenital HIV infection

Bacteria

Simplest

Cmv

CMV, belonging to the group of herpesoviruses, is transmitted by sexual pathway and through blood when overflowing and other interventions, as well as with close household contacts. It is believed that half of the women of Europe came across this virus at least once in life. To the placenta, it often penetrates the primary infection of the mother.

But the activation of a sleeping infection is able to harm the child (see pregnancy and cytomegalovirus). Most of the probability of fetal infection in the 3 trimester, and the consequences for the baby are harder when infected at the beginning of pregnancy. It is believed that the risk of fetal infection is 30-40%. Of these, 90% of children will not have any symptoms and consequences. And 10% of newborns will appear with various signs of intrauterine infection.

Consequences for a child:

miscarriage, stillbirth
maldiasis at birth
neurosensory hearing loss (reduction of hearing, deafness of varying degrees)
microcephaly (insufficient brain size)
hydrocephaly (accumulation of liquid in brain cavities)
hepatoslenomegaly (liver damage and spleen with increasing them in size)
pneumonia
atrophy of the optic nerve (blindness of varying degrees)

With severe combined defeat, a third of children die in the first months of life, and the part of the patients are formed remote consequences (deafness, blindness, mental retardation). With easier infection, the forecasts are much more favorable.

Currently there is no effective means with the symptoms of CMV in newborns. It is believed that the use of Ganzikovir somewhat softens pneumonia and eye damage.

CMV is not an indication for interrupting pregnancy, since the outcome for a newborn can be good. Therefore, it is recommended to treat a pregnant woman in order to reduce the risks of complications.

Hp

Simple herpes virus, especially 2 types (sex), is able to cause congenital herpetic infection of kids. It manifests itself during the first 28 days after birth (see Herpes during pregnancy).

Children from mothers, whose Herpes was revealed during pregnancy for the first time in life. Infection in most cases occurs at the time of the child's passage through the generic paths, but transplantar transmission is possible.

The consequences of congenital herpes:

miscarriage, stillbirth
lethargy, bad appetite
fever
characteristics of the skin (sometimes not immediately arise)
jaundice
blood coagulation disorders
pneumonia
eye damage (chorioretinite)
brain damage (with convulsions, apnea, an increase in intracranial pressure)

Usually the severity of the state is maximal for 4-7 days after birth, when many organs are affected and there is a risk of death from shock. If the virus attacks the brain, the development of encephalitis, meningitis and atrophy of the cortex of large hemispheres are likely. Therefore, severe innate herpes makes a great contribution to the number of children with disabilities (cerebral palsy, oligophrenia, vegetative state). With all the danger of the disease, there is no reason when the child is born without the symptoms of herpes, or has a slight lesion of the eyes and skin.

Treatment of pregnant women spend most often in 3 trimester anti-virus drugs (acyclovir, valacyclovir and others). Since with pronounced rashes on the genitals of a woman there is a risk of infection of a baby in childbirth, then doctors can recommend cesarean cross-section. The child with the signs of herpes should also treat acyclovir.

Rubella

One of the most dangerous viruses of deformity from the fetus is considered a rubella virus. The risk of pregnancy is especially great to 16 weeks (more than 80%). Symptoms of the disease depend on the period on which the virus penetrates the fetus (see how the rubella is dangerous during pregnancy).

Congenital rubella syndrome:

miscarriage, stillbirth
maldiasis at birth
microcephaly
cataract
deafness (up to 50% of children)
vices of the heart
leather as "cake with blueberries" - bluish hem of blood formation in the skin
meningitis and Encephalitis
hepatoslenomegaly
pneumonia
skin lesion

Signs of rubella in pregnant women are classic: temperature, rash, increasing lymph nodes, pain in joints and general ailment. Since the rubella virus is extremely contagious, then all women before planning pregnancy it is recommended to hand over the analysis of immunoglobulins to it. If it turns out that there is no immunity to the disease, then at least three months before pregnancy it is necessary to undergo vaccination. The treatment of rubella during pregnancy and the newborn does not exist.

Parvovirus B19

The virus causing infectious erythym usually remains unnoticed in adults. Symptoms of infection are more often absent. But during pregnancy, this disease can lead to miscarriages, stillbirths and intrauterine infection. Mortality of children is 2.5-10%. Maximum danger Virus presents from 13 to 28 week of pregnancy.

Consequences of intrauterine infection:

anemia
eveny
myocarditis
hepatitis
peritonitis
defeat Brain

In pregnant women, parvulovirus infection is manifested by pain in small joints, rashes and temperatures. If such signs have noted, or the woman contacted the patient with Parvovirus, it is necessary to carry out laboratory diagnostics.

With a confirmed infection and anemia of the fetus, the intrauterine administration of the erythrocyte mass is recommended. This technique often allows you to increase the level of erythrocytes and save the life of the child.

Chickenpox

Windmill, which emerged during pregnancy, can cause severe damage to the fetus (congenital windshield syndrome). The child's infection is in a few days before delivery leads to a classic heavy-mold windmill with high mortality. The total risk of fetal infection is 25%, although not all of them have a disease manifests symptoms.

Symptoms of congenital windmill:

rash, zigzag form scars
underdevelopment of limbs (shortening and deformation)
atrophy of the optic nerve, eye underdevelopment
brain damage (underdevelopment)
pneumonia

During pregnancy, an immunoglobulin or antiviral treatment (acyclovir) is possible during pregnancy. The treatment of newborns is inappropriate, since after the birth of the symptoms of the windmill do not progress. Only when the mother is infected 5 days before delivery and less is the meaning in the introduction of the child immunoglobulin, since the mother did not have time to give him his antibodies.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus distributed primarily by sexually can penetrate the placenta to the fetus on any gestation period. Yet the maximum danger to the child arises when infecting the mother hepatitis in the 3 trimester.

The consequences of intrauterine infection with hepatitis:

miscarriage, stillbirth
majority, hypoxia
psychomotor Development Delay
acute hepatitis form with hepatic insufficiency and fatal outcome
wearer and chronic hepatitis in
liver cancer
hepatitis in followed by recovery

To diagnose hepatitis, the mother defines the HBSAG level, which increases 1-2 months after infection. In the case of chronic disease or virus carriage, this antigen does not disappear. Treatment of severe hepatitis forms are carried out using interferona. But even in the absence of symptoms, pregnant can pass the disease to his child, so special control is required for such newborns.

HIV infection

The human immunodeficiency virus affecting special immune lymphocytes has recently captures all new territories. Most of the adult women are infected with them during sexual contacts, while almost all children under 13 received a disease during the period of intrauterine life or at the time of birth.

Many children with HIV without appropriate treatment are not worried about two years, since the speed of breeding the virus is very high. Subsequently, the kids die from opportunistic infections that are not terrible to a healthy person.

Among the methods of diagnosing HIV, the newborn is better to use PCR. The definition of antibodies may be minor informative in the first 3-6 months of life. It is very important to identify HIV in pregnant women. Reception of antiretroviral drugs throughout the term (Zidovudine with 4 weeks of pregnancy) together with breastfeeding refusal increase the chances of birth of a healthy child up to 90%. If the blood test results for HIV in the child are still positive, the chance for a long time to slow the disease is still there. Recently, more and more data on the cases of complete recovery of children who regularly taking medicines from birth.

Liseriosis

Listeria is one of the few bacteria capable of penetrating through the placental barrier. Woman is infected with leaferiosis when eating meat, cheese, vegetables and contact with animals. Pregnant may not be noted any symptoms, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea occur, the temperature rises, the flu appears.

Manifestations of intrauterine infection:

student, Spontaneous Abortion
fever, rejection of food
meningitis
sepsis
multiple purulent foci, rash

If the signs appear in the child in the first week, the percentage of mortality is extremely high - about 60%. Therefore, all pregnant women with confirmed sheets are treated for 2 weeks ampicillin. The same treatment of intrauterine infection is necessary and the patients with newborns.

Syphilis

Primary syphilis (the formation of solid Shankra - ulcers on the site of the penetration of bacteria), which arose during pregnancy and not treated, is transmitted to a child in almost 100% of cases, as a result, 6 out of 10 children die, the rest suffer in congenital syphilis.

Mother's disease after primary ulcers goes into the hidden phase with periodic exacerbations. The fruit can be infected even in the absence of bright symptoms at mom, starting with 4 months of pregnancy.

The effects of infection with syphilis:

stinking
premature birth
anemia, Child Jaundice
cracks on the skin, rash of various shapes
defeating the eyes, ears, limbs, teeth ("teeth hetchinson")
deafness
impaired mental function

With positive results of the analysis to intrauterine infection, Penicillin therapy is carried out. Pregnant treatment is necessary, as it helps to prevent or cure syphilis from the fetus before childbirth. With a positive reaction to syphilis, the newborn also shows penicillin preparations. In connection with the effective diagnosis and simple therapy, the number of children with late congenital syphilis is currently slightly.

Toxoplasmosis

Timely detection and treatment of pregnant toxoplasmosis by 60% reduces the risk of infection of the kid.

What is Torch infection?

Toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes and some other diseases (syphilis, tuberculosis and so on.) United under the term Torch is not accidental. All of these infections are extremely dangerous with intrauterine infection, some of them proceed asymptomatic or low-speed, so require careful prevention and diagnosis.

When planning pregnancy

Before conception, you must pass tests for the Immunity to Torch. The presence of IgG in the necessary titers speaks of a rack immunity to previously transferred infection. Lack of such - a sign of a woman's vulnerability before infection. Therefore, we recommend vaccination from rubella, as well as accurate cats for cats (in order to avoid toxoplasmosis), and examination of the partner on herpes and cytomegalovirus. High IGM titer indicates an acute infection. Such women are recommended to postpone pregnancy planning.

During pregnancy appearance

When pregnancy, IGM can talk about infection, which theoretically leads to intrauterine fetal infection. Such women will have to pass additional analyzes to determine the condition of the child and further tactics.

Diagnosis of intrauterine infection

Blood tests to all pregnant women

syphilis, hepatitis B and C, Regular strokes from the vagina on the microflora
PCR to detect blood viruses

Ultrasound

Ultrasonic Fruit Study is a simple, safe, although not a completely accurate method of diagnosing infection. According to its results, it is possible to estimate the delay of intrauterine development, see some flavors that are the consequence of infection. In addition, cordocentsis is performed under the control of the ultrasound. Signs of likely infection on ultrasound:

increase brain ventricles
multiple calcium deposits in the brain, liver, intestines
increased heart, liver and spleen
increase the abdomen and expansion of a cup-making kidney system
syndrome delay of intrauterine development
sweeping placenta, amniotic traction
multi- or lowland
formed malformations of development

All of the above features may be a consequence of noncommunicable diseases or option for the norm (see screening of the first trimester of pregnancy).

Serotimmunological method

Definition of immunoglobulins is necessary for women from risk groups. The appearance of IGM speaks of infecting or reactivation of infection. This may be an indication for invasive diagnostics: cordo-beer.

In domestic healthcare, there is a mandatory serological screening for rubella, syphilis, hepatitis, and in risk groups and HIV. But often the doctor recommends passing additional analyzes on the Torch group infections and others. The results of some analyzes (on toxoplasmosis, for example), are easier to interpret if such a study was carried out before pregnancy.

The essence of the definition of immunoglobulins:

There is IGM, no IgG - most likely there is an acute infection
There is an IGG, no IGM - infection was in the past, immunity formed
There is neither IGM nor IgG in sufficient credits - a woman did not come across infection, or came across a long time ago, immunity
There is IGM and IGG - there is an infection to which immunity has already begun to be formed, or the reactivation of the previously used infection has emerged. Most likely, nothing threatens the fetus.

Serological examination of the blood of a newborn is difficult, as it presents maternal antibodies that distort the picture.

Cordocentsis and amniocentsis

Cordsenthesis is a puncture of the skin and taking blood from the umbilical cord, a fairly accurate method for determining infection. Underfloor blood can contain DNA of the pathogen, as well as immune complexes against it.
Amniocentesis is a study of accumulating waters.

Blood tests, saliva, urine, spinal fluid newborn

They allow you to identify intrauterine infection in children with different degrees of expression of symptoms.

Treatment and observation with intrauterine infection

The timely identification of a viral or bacterial disease is extremely important, since some infections are well amenable to treatment in the early stages, and the risk of severe consequences for the baby decreases.

Medicia treatment

Bacterial diseases in a woman in a position can be treated with antibiotics. Pretty often use penicillin rows - they are safe and effective in many diseases. Antimicrobial drugs are also introduced to the newborn baby with signs of bacterial infections, which often saves life and warns complications.

Viral invasions are treated worse both in pregnant women and in newborns. Some preparations (acyclovir, valciclovir and others) are used in herpetic rashes and some other diseases. If the treatment helps to quickly, then you can prevent serious defects and congenital infections. Formed consequences in the form of heart defects, brain and other treatment with antiviral agents are not subject to.

Choosing the method of the Rhodewords

Many of the diseases with rashes on the genital organs require careful guidance, acute herpes with bubbles on the sexual lips can be dangerous to the baby during the passage of the generic paths. In such cases, the cesarean section is often recommended. But in most infectious damage, the mother can be behaved in the natural ways.

Surveillance for infected children

Even in the absence of symptoms of CMV and rubella in the first months of life, infected children need to check the rumor to 5-6 years.

Treatment of shaped defects and damage for intrauterine infections in newborns

Many congenital vices (use of cataracts) can be reduced or eliminated by the operational way. In such cases, the child receives a chance for life and independent activities. Often children after many years after the suffered infections require hearing aids, since the hearing loss among infected people is quite common.

Prevention of fractal infection

Vaccination of children and adult women before pregnancy planning
Careful attitude to women's health
- restriction of contact with children, especially in educational institutions
- restriction of visits to the massacre of people
- careful Pet Contact, Cleaning Cleaning Cleaning
- powered by thermally processed products, exclusion of soft cheeses and semi-finished products
- an adequate way to protect against infection during sexual contacts
Determination of the level of immunoglobulins on the main intrauterine TORCH infections before pregnancy planning

What to do when contact with infected?

If a woman during pregnancy talked or for a long time was near an infected adult and a child, then you need to contact your doctor. For example, during contact with rubella, IgG is immediately checked. Their presence talks about the resistant immune protection of both pregnant and baby. The absence of such antibodies requires further analyzes after 3-4 and 6 weeks after contact. Negative results give reason to calm down. Positive analysis or the presence of clinical symptoms is a reason for additional surveys (ultrasound, cordocentsis and others).

Children's infections affecting the intestines are often found quite often, and even in the smallest babies of his chest age. Pathogenic viruses or bacterial microorganisms penetrate the children's body with dirty hands, toys that fell on the floor of the nipples, etc.

Causes of infection

Infection infection with intestinal infections occurs predominantly orally-fecal method, when bacterial pathogens with felling masses fall into arms and a variety of bodies. Given that the kids are trying to tighten everything that fell into the palm, the penetration of bacteria or viruses is not so rare.

Typically, the cause of the penetration of pathogenic microflora into a children's body is a banal disregard for parents with personal hygiene rules when careing for the baby. For example, the cause of the infection can act as a bottle or unwashed after the street, etc.

Also, infection occurs through the maternal organism if it is a carrier or infected with intestinal infections in the process of having a child.

The fact of infection itself can be accomplished in the maternal womb, when the fruit swallows the oily water or through the common blood system between the mother and a bloop, or the baby will become infected when the generic channels will be held.

Types of pathogens

Children most often intestinal infections have a bacterial or viral nature.

Rotavirus is considered the most common similar infections, which is more known among the population, as intestinal flu, cigellosis or dysentery. Also, the pathogens of pathology can be Salmonella, Escherichia, Irani, Staphylococci, etc.

Often, patrogenic microorganisms relating to normal flora are infectious, but under certain circumstances, provoking infectious damage.

Such circumstances include the unreasonability of immune protection, the reception of antibacterial drugs, etc.

Symptoms of intestinal infection in infants

Mom must beat the alarm already when the first signs of infection of the crumbs appear. These include:

A sharp hypertermic reaction. The infants almost impossible to skip this moment, because as a result of the temperature rise, the face is blushing, and the eyes begin to be feverishly glitter.
Another characteristic manifestation of intestinal infection in baby children is considered to be the occurrence of multiple vomiting. The kid can completely refuse food, spit and bite the chest, capricious, because everything he eats, immediately turns out to be outside.
Intestinal activities are disturbed, which is accompanied by pronounced painful sensations that force the crumb to cry, stuck with legs and press the knees to the tummy.
Cal also changes. If it is normal, it is yellow and keshitz, then with intestinal infections, it becomes liquid and green with plugs of mucus or blood, pus, etc.

When this symptom appears, it is necessary to urgently turn to the doctor until the disease has not yet become complicated and has not spread throughout the body.

What examination can a doctor prescribe?

Incurable localization infections for infants often cause fatal outcome, therefore, very important importance is the timely identification of pathology and its etiology. The doctor examines the child and appoints additional studies aimed at determining pathology pathogen.

Calate coprology is carried out, allowing to identify a specific pathogen and detect violations in the structure of the gastrointestinal structure. Bacapose, biochemistry and general blood and feces, urine are also carried out. If necessary, ultrasound diagnostics and pr.

Treatment of newborns

Therapy of intestinal infections in infants, which are on breastfeeding, proceeds much faster and easier than artificials. After all, maternal milk strengthens immune defense and increases the body's resistance to pathogenic microorganisms.

The primary task is to clean the intestinal structures from pathogenic causative agents, which helps to stop intoxicating effects, and prevent dehydration. It is necessary to treat such small children under strict medical control, then the microclimate in the intestines will quickly come back to normal.

Essential importance is the elimination of food within 12-18 hours, during which water or weak tea is allowed to give infant.

The use of sorbent agents (enterosgel, smect), which help to quickly derive from the structures of the gastrointestinal tract all toxic substances and contribute to the rapid restoration of water-electrolyte equilibrium.

If the baby often tears, then you need to wash the stomach cavity. If the crumb is still tears, then you need to provide drip-infusion nutrition of the child. If the infection has a heavy bacterial form, antibiotic treatment is shown by a wide area of \u200b\u200bexposure.

When is hospitalization?

Doctors warn that in the presence of some symptoms you need to urgently cause an intersection:

If small bloody clots were found in vomiting of the crumbs;
If the baby can not drink, his tears constantly, after each throat of simple water;
If Kroch did not ask for a toilet for 5-6 hours, and his skin dried;
If hyperthermic reactions are suddenly manifested, which are difficult to stop;
If there are allergic rashes on the body or the child complains of strong headaches.

With the appearance of such dangerous symptoms, the baby should be urgently visited to the hospital.

The video program will tell how to cure intestinal infections in children:

Prediction and prevention

In general, pathology in timely diagnosis and treatment has quite favorable prognostic data, especially when identifying pathology at its early stages.

The symptomatic picture of intestinal infections with further development is only deteriorating, so immediately needed preventive measures that include breastfeeding of the baby and strengthen its immunity, high-quality thermal processing of products.

Prevention of intestinal infections involves parents to keep strict control over the child consumed by the child and thoroughly washing fruits and vegetables.

Intestinal acute inflammations in kids are widespread, because the immune defense has not yet been formed, and the digestive itself is characterized by some features. The disease is characterized by a rather complicated course in children, so you need to be treated.

Interesting infections, or abbreviated by Oki among kids occupy a "honorable" second place after ARVI, and it is often the cause of hospitalization of young children in a hospital, and at heart age may cause death when attaching formidable complications (dehydration, infectious-toxic shock, convulsions, coma). In view of their great prevalence and importance, as well as high danger, especially at heart age, all parents must have an idea not only about the symptoms, but also causes, complications and the treatment of OCI.

Table of contents: What do you mean by oki? What causative agents are guilty of the development of Oka? Features of the digestion of kids who contribute to Oci The role of microflora in the genesis of Oka as inflexion are infected with intestinal infections of intestinal infection in infections. Features of lesions of various departments of the digestive tract than special oki in infants

What do you mean by oki?

Under the term Oka (acute intestinal infection), doctors mean a whole group of pathologies of infectious origin, which have different reasons, but a single mechanism of infection ("dirty hands") and are manifested by similar clinically symptoms - diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, ailment, fever.

These diseases in infancy occur hard, have every chance of a complicated current, which threatens hospitalization to hospital and intensive therapy.

As in our country and all over the world, the incidence of Oki is extremely high, and up to two years it is these diseases and their complications to one of the leading causes of the death of babies, especially in the first year of life. Often Oki have the form of epidemic outbreaks - that is, they are sick at once with whole families or organized teams, hospitals and even maternity hospitals.

What causative agents are guilty of the development of Oka?

Based on the cause, all intestinal infections of acute flow can be divided into several groups. So, allocate:

note

Often, at an early age, the exact cause of the Oka cannot detect due to the early origin of the treatment and suppress pathogenic flora due to drugs by the moment of sowing and obtaining its result. Sometimes a whole group of microbes is seeded, and it is impossible to determine exactly the cause. Then the clinical diagnosis of OKINE is set, that is, these are Oka unknown or unexplained etiology.

On clinical manifestations and methods of treatment, the diagnosis difference practically does not affect, but important for epidemiological observation and measures to prevent the prevention of infection (current and final disinfection in the focus).

Features of digestion kids contributing to Oci

In childhood, especially up to three years, the digestive system has a special structure and functional activity, as well as specific immunity reactions, which is a contributing factor for the development of Oka. The most sensitive to these diseases of infants.

When the oki in children may be affected by various digestive pipe deposits, starting with the stomach (esophagus and the mouth cavity are not involved in the process), ending with the rectum. Finding into the oral cavity, food is processed by saliva, which contains lizozymehaving a bactericidal effect. He has little of weak activity in his infants, in connection with which the food is worse than disinfect. In the stomach is produced pepsin, hydrochloric acid (they kill pathogenic flora) and bicarbonatesProtecting the walls of the stomach from aggressive acidic medium. In infants, pepsin and acid activity is low, which also reduces protection against pathogenic microbes and viruses.

On the intestinal mucosa, the mass of villies that are actively involved in digestion. In early age children, they are very tender and vane, pathogenic objects are easily damaged, which leads to edema and secretion of the liquid into the intestinal lumen - which immediately forms diarrhea.

The walls of the intestine is highlighted protective (secretory) immunoglobulin- IGAFor up to three years, its activity is low, which also creates a predisposition to the Oka.

We will add to this a general reduction in immune defense due to immaturity and early age.

note

If the child is an artificial - there is another negative factor, the absence of immunoglobulins of breast milk and protective antibodies that break the infant in the fight against pathogenic agents.

The role of microflora in the genesis of Oka

In the birth, the digestive tract of infants is populated by microbes that form a specific intestinal microflora, which plays an important role in immunity, synthesis of vitamins, digestion and even the exchange of minerals, food cleavage. Microbial flora (creating a certain level of activity, pH and osmolarity medium) also at the expense of its activity suppresses the growth and reproduction of pathogenic and patrogen agents entering the intestine.

The stable balance of the microbes helps the infant to protect against the eye, so the condition of the microbial flora is extremely important at an early age, and the state of dysbacteriosis is a predisposing factor in the formation of the OCE.

If we talk about all microbes, they can be divided into groups:

Bond (constantly in the intestine), It also applies to the useful flora. The main representatives are bifido and lactoflora, intestinal wand and some others. They constitute up to 98% of all intestinal microbes. The main functions are to suppress the pathogenic microbes and viruses, helping digestion, stimulate immunity.
optional Flora (It is also transient and conditionally pathogenic). This group of microbes, the presence of which in the intestines is permissible, but not necessarily, in a small amount they are completely permissible and not harm. Under the special conditions, a group of conditionally pathogenic microbes can lead to the development of OKU (if immunity is reduced, the intestinal dysbacteriosis is expressed, potent drugs were taken).
pathogenic flora (atypical)finding into the intestinal lumen leads to intestinal infections, and therefore is dangerous for children.

For infants, it is the pathogenic flora that is most dangerous, and with a decrease in immunity, expressed dysbacteriosis and some special conditions, it may become dangerous and allowed by its own representatives.

How infectious infections are infected with intestinal infections

Most often, the source of infection for infectiousness becomes adults, preserving Oaks or being carriers of pathogenic objects. The incubation period for the Oka is usually short, with the exception of some pathogens, and lasts from several hours to several days (usually 1-2 days). For viral infections, contagious can last throughout the entire period of clinical symptoms and even up to two weeks after the disappearance of all symptoms. In addition, food and water can be sources of causative agents for infants, if they are infected with viruses or a dangerous group microbes.

note

The pathogens of the Oki fall into the body through the mouth - with dirty handles, with food or water, and for some infections is also relevant to the airborne path (as for ORVI). There may be sources of infection also household appliances, dishes and things that are immunified by pathogenic viruses and microbes. It may be dangerous to become water for swimming, taken from open water bodies, which fell into the mouth, as well as non-compliance with personal hygiene by parents, especially if they sick or carriers of infection.

The most susceptible to Oki is the children of the breastside, although they can hurt any age. For children, a typical more severe course, with a rapid attack of dehydration and negative consequences in the form of convulsion, dehydration or other complications. For breastside there are also certain risk factors that form a more severe course of the Oka:

Fitting with mixtures from birth
Children with prematurity or immaturity
Introduction of the feeding, unsuitable by age and incorrectly cooked with pathogens
Summer period when the activity of dangerous pathogens is higher (for microbes)
Cold season (for viruses)
Immunodeficiency states of congenital or acquired origin
Defeasure of the nervous system of traumatic or hypoxic genesis.

It is important to understand that the immunity to these infections is extremely unstable, and infants may have overwhelmed with one OKI, in subsequent to become infected with their other types, if not to follow precautionary measures.

Manifestations of intestinal infection in infants

Not immediately after infection, the first manifestations of infection occur, a certain time is necessary, which is required by the pathogen to accumulate their "critical mass" in the body of children. This period is called incubation and it is different for each of the types of infection. Viral infections are usually manifested faster than microbial, but not for all types of pathogens.

On average, the incubation period lasts from 4-6 hours to two days, less often - longer. Further, a period of gap, when all typical manifestations of Oci are formed - both general and local, from the digestive system. For infants, the presence of two clinical syndromes, having a different degree of severity and gravity, depending on the pathogen, the age and influence of the concomitant factors:

infectious-toxic syndrome
intestinal syndrome.

For manifestations infectious-toxic syndrome It is typically increased temperature, in infants sometimes to critical figures, and in some cases only with its insignificant increase, which is no less dangerous.

note

Fever can be both long and heavy and short-term, hoppy or constant, it all depends on the specific properties of the pathogen. Against the background of fever or without it, there may be signs of intoxicating the organism with products of metabolism of viral or microbial particles accumulating in the body. This includes pronounced weakness and lethargy, as well as dizziness and lobs in the body, vomiting or nausea against the background of fever.

Often, such manifestations are preceded by digestion disorders or arise in parallel with them, weighting condition.

Sinth syndrome - It is manifestations of disorders of the functioning of one or more departments of the digestive tract - the stomach, the small intestine of the tolstoy, as well as the combination of the defeat of various departments. These include nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and bloating, diarrhea of \u200b\u200bdifferent types (watery, with food particles, impurities).

Features of lesions of various departments of the digestive tract

Depending on which of the departments of the digestive system is amazed more, the severity of the symptoms and their specific manifestations will depend. The predominant infectious damage to the stomach leads to the clinic acute gastritis in infants. It can manifest itself nausea and vomiting, in infants it can be a fountain, as well as abundant jeeping immediately after eating and water. There may also be pain in the stomach, which the baby is manifested by shouts and a loose crying, after vomiting for a time to be dying. The chair can be slightly discharged, but for a short period of time. Against the background of frequent and multiple vomiting, dehydration can quickly come. Similar isolated defeat only the stomach is infrequent.

The defeat at the same time the stomach and the small intestine forms acute gastroenteritis which leads to abdominal pain, localized near the navel, And in the infants spilled throughout the abdomen and shouting and crying, pressing the legs. Against this background, a frequent liquid chair occurs, which first has a casczyce appearance, then turning into a watery. Based on the causes there may be changes in color with greenish or brownish shades, as well as unbearable particles of food or milk, mixtures. Against the background of problems with the chair, there are also more described gastritis manifestations.

Isolated enteritis It flows without vomiting or with a one-time vomit that happens against the background of abdominal pain. But for enteritis, a multiple abundant watery chair is typical, and its frequency depends on the type of pathogen, the number of the agent that has fallen and the severity of the state. This condition is also dangerous dehydration due to large losses of fluid with a chair.

Manifestations gastroenterocolitis - this is the simultaneous defeat of both the stomach and all intestinal departments, both thin and thick. It is typical of jeeping, nausea with vomiting, and a multiple, as well as a frequent liquid stool and abdominal pain, they apply to all departments. The defecation brings the baby pain, often in the chair is found a lot of mucus and blood, some of the defecates can be scarce and mucous membranes.

Enterocolit It leads to the development of pain syndrome throughout the abdomen, a liquid chair and periodic scarce defecates with mucous detachable and blood streaca. For colith Typically appearance of pain at the bottom of the abdomen, especially the field of the tummy, the defecation brings pain, the stool is not human and with mucus, the false urges are frequent for defecation and bloating, meteorism.

Depending on the causative agent, certain digestive system departments are predominantly affected:

Acute gastritis often occurs in food toxicoinfection and poisoning,
Gastroenteritis is typical for salmonellosis, escherichiosis, staphylococcal infection, rotavirus.
Enteritis most often occurs during cholera,
Enterocolit or colitis appears with microbial dysentery.

At an early age, the manifestations of gastroenteritis or gastroenterocolitis are often arising, rarely there are isolated and localized damage to the digestive system.

What are the most ski in the infants

Unlike all the older age groups, for infants typically rapidly start the disease and its extremely severe course, the increase in symptoms of gravity literally in a few hours. In addition, they prevail viral etiology of lesions, rather than among the children older.

The formation of OKI leads to the development of a severe dehydration, often requiring intravenous injections, as well as replenishing the losses of salts. This leads to a high percentage of fatal outcomes in this age group without proper and timely assistance. In addition, the role in the development of the clinic of the conditionally pathogenic flora, which, during the circumstances, can lead to a severe course of infection.

Intestinal infections in infants: diet and drinking mode Intestinal infections in infants: treatment

Pediatric Alain, Pediatrician, Medical Observer

How parents are happy when childbirth is tranquilly, without any complications and a small little man is born healthy. And, it seems that nothing else can overshadow the joy of birth. But it takes out some couple of days and the state of health of the newborn is sharply deteriorating. The kid often joins food, he is badly disappearance, and there is no increase in weight. All this may be the consequence of so-called intrauterine infections in newborns. What is it?

The concept of intrauterine infection in newborns

As medical practice shows, there are always microorganisms in the human body, which are causative agents of all kinds of diseases. And if a man gets infected with them only for himself, then with a fair sex is more complicated. In addition, if it is in an interesting position at the moment of infection. In this case, there is a real risk to infect your child while during his womb. Possible means of infection are: Mom's overall bloodstream with a child, random ingestion by the fruit of spindle water. Often, infection occurs during the delivery process.

From what causative agent will cause the infection of the parent organism, such will be the disease of the baby. According to doctors, the disease causes:

Herpes viruses, rubella, influenza, cytomegaly;
Bacteria - Streptococci, wand in intestinal, Treplema pale, chlamydia;
Simplest (toxoplasm);
Mushrooms.

The presence of the following factors in the future motion will lead to an increase in the risk of infection of the newborn:

Women's health is undermined by various ailments with chronic character;
The female organism affects many negative factors of the type of smoking and alcohol and employment in harmful production;
Constant stress throughout pregnancy;
Mommy suffers from chronic ailments of the genitourinary system.

In the medical environment of the disease of the newborn, the parents obtained by him, in the womb, brought into one group and gave them a common name - Torch. This was the fact that, despite the fact that the pathogens are different, the manifestation of diseases have the same characteristics. This abrakadabra decodes quite simple:

T - toxoplasmosis;

Oh - Others. Under this, there are in mind almost all the ailments of an infectious nature;

R is rubella. On Latin Rubella;

C - cytomegalovirus infection of the newborn;

H - herpes.

On what time the infection occurred, the degree of influence of infection will appear on the further development of the kid;

Up to twelve weeks - infection on such an early term often leads to the fact that a spontaneous interruption occurs or in the future the development of a small one will pass with large vices;
Infection occurred on a period of 12 and 28 weeks - usually at such a date will result in development delay. The consequence of this will be that the newborn will be born with weight lack;
Infection after 28 weeks is dangerous in that it has a negative impact on quite formed child organs. Under the blow gets primarily a brain, heart, liver and lungs. That is, all vital organs.

Most frequent intrauterine infections

Statistics indicate that this list includes the following infections as descending:

Toxoplasmosis;
Cytomegalovirus;
Staphylococcus infection.

Cytomegalovirus in newborns

Consider them in more detail:

Staphylococcal infection, specialists in turn are divided into two types:

Purulent inflammatory processes with a local character;
Infection is generalized or sepsis.

The most dangerous for the child is Golden Staphylococcus. The fact that his pathogen is available in the children's body can be found on the bundles on the skin. This can also include purulent inflammation of the umbilical wound. The consequences of staphylococcal infection are quite severe, up to toxicological shock. Therefore, as soon as the first signs appear, you need to immediately contact the medical insurance.

Who enters the risk group

Children's doctors have long been compiled a list of those who are in the so-called risk group. In addition to living persons, doctors included and subjective reasons. Here is the list:

Mommies with previously born kids. School students and pupils of pre-school institutions;
Workers of kindergartens and schools;
Health workers working directly with children;
Pregnant ladies who have inflammatory diseases with chronic diseases;
Those women who have repeated abortions for medical records;
Women who have already been born infected children;
Those women who in the past were children or pregnancy with the malfunction of the fetus and the fetus of the fetus intrauterine;
The accumulate waters walked long before delivery.

Pregnant should apply to doctors as soon as the following symptoms feel:

Sharp temperature rise;
Lymph nodes increased and became painful to the touch;
Skin covers suddenly covered with rash;
Appeared, shortness of breath;
Huggy, tearing;
The joints are swollen and hurt when driving.

It is not necessary that all these signs are dangerous for the small one. But they are mandatory to appeal to doctors. It is better to be restrained than then long and difficult to be treated.

Preventive measures

It has long been known that any alert is best to prevent than then treat treatment. Torch infections are no exception. Preventive measures are divided into two types: before conception and pregnancy.

Measures before

First of all, this is the delivery of all analyzes for the presence of immunity to diseases in the list of intrauterine. If the tests show that there are such an indicator as IQG in the credits, it will say that the woman's body has the necessary antibodies. If this is not available, it means only one thing - the woman's body is open for infection. Therefore, if a pregnancy is planned, then it must be pre-seen from rubella. In order to avoid toxoplasmosis, it is possible to temporarily remove from the house of all animals and to be examined with a partner for infection with herpes and cytomegalovirus. If the IQG indicator is very high, this suggests that there is an acute infection in the female organism. And before planning the birth of a baby, you need to fully treat.

Prevention during

But if the analyzes of the pregnant woman will be the IQG titer, then it already clearly indicates infection of the female organism. In theory, this means: the future kid is also in danger. And to exclude it, the future mother must be passed some additional analyzes for which the state of the fetus can be determined and to work out its actions further.

And follow your contacts.

Treatment process

If infection is revealed during pregnancy, it is not a reason to lower your hands. The disease is perfectly treated with antibiotics. Here are representatives of the penicillin group. After all, despite their respectable "age" among antibiotics, they are still one of the most effective drugs in the treatment of viral infection. Moreover, they are almost safe to the health of the baby.

At the same time, antimicrobial drugs are actively used. Their use often saves the life of the child, and also weakens negative consequences.

With viral destruction, the treatment is quite a difficult process, but if you begin in a timely manner, then the consequences can be warned. But if they have already formed, the antiviral drugs are useless. In this case, frequent methods come to the rescue. In cases of cataracts or an UPU, the child will receive a chance to live a further life independently, with a minimum of extreme help. Often there is a situation where hearing appliances will need such children.

Already mentioned above, acute herpes with rashes on the genital lips of the mother definitely is an indication to Cesarean section. In other cases, it does not interfere with natural childbirth.

Interesting infection in infants - the phenomenon is frequent. Basically, the causative agents of the disease fall into the oral cavity of the child through dirty hands and toys.

These microorganisms take part in the processing of food products and formed kali masses of the baby. Normally, the baby's chair that gets breastfeeding is more than 4 times a day. Feeding a child with artificial nutrition is less useful: the chair is noted more often than 2 times, and often arise with constipation.

But not only useful microorganisms are settled by the children's intestine: they get into it together with the dirty hands of mom, unwashed deserts and toys of pathogenic bacteria. Interesting infections in infants have a favorable forecast only in the case of early diagnosis of pathology and on time began treatment.

If the infection is launched, the disease can cause dehydration and serious intoxication of the children's body. The signs of intestinal infection in infections are multiple vomiting and diarrhea, arising already in the first hours from the beginning of the disease.

For a breast child, it is dangerously severe dehydration, impairment of the urinary system, the development of pathological conditions by the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. In extreme cases, in the absence of adequate treatment, the intestinal infection in the infection can lead to the death of the child.

How is infection?

Path of infection is oral. Powerful microorganisms originally fall into the mouth of the child, and then spread through the gastrointestinal tract.

You can get infected in several ways:

With direct contact with the sick person.
Through dirty items that have fallen into the mouth.
Through food products. Pathological viruses and bacteria are contained in spoiled or low-quality products.
Poor quality water.

The first signs of infection

The first symptoms of intestinal infection in the infants who should alert a young mother:

Sudden temperature rise. It is impossible to miss this moment, since even in the absence of a heat thermometer, the baby in the child is well noticeable due to changes in the color of the skin and increase their temperature to the touch.
The second symptom of intestinal infection in infections is multiple vomiting. At the same time, the child can completely refuse food, since all the eaten immediately leaves the stomach in the opposite direction.
Change color and consistency of carts. Normally, a chair of a breast child looks like a yellow casczyce mass. If the chair became greenish and very liquid, and even mixed with mucus, you need to beat the alarm.
The disorder of the intestinal and pain associated with this is expressed in the external discomfort of the baby. He crys plaintively, fears his knees to the stomach, shudders, as if he asks for help.

How to cope with infection?

Treatment of intestinal infection in infants is aimed at destroying the pathogenic microflora. The integrated course includes antibiotics, adsorbents, as well as drugs that eliminate dehydration and intoxication of the body.

Conservative treatment is to take adsorbents that purposefully remove all pathogenic microbes from the child's body. Probiotics - acylac, bifiform, lines are prescribed to restore the microflora balance. In order to eliminate intoxication, the doctor discharges the smect, enterosgel, against signs of dehydration - reciprons or refooliglukin.

With multiple vomit, the stomach washing procedure is carried out, if necessary, drippers are prescribed with nutritional solutions. Reception of Creon or Mezim enzymes contributes to the normalization of the process of digestion and removal of the load from the organs of the digestive tract.

Symptomatic treatment is to receive antipyretic agents based on paracetamol or ibuprofen, spasmolitics (but-shts).

Features of breasthood disease

Any infection of the chest baby suffers sharply, and intestinal infection is no exception. The symptoms of the intestinal infection in the infants have a pronounced character, while the baby becomes passive, refuses to eat and games for a long time and sleeps little. Against the background of dehydration, the mass of the body is rapidly lost.

Need to call ambulance if a child:

there is no urination from 6 hours and more;
in the feces appear traces of blood;
the color of the skin is changing, they become crumpled and dry to the touch;
against the background of multiple vomiting and diarrhea, the kid loses consciousness.

Timely treatment of the symptoms of intestinal infection in infants does not allow the disease to achieve a heavy stage.

Meals during and after illness

Many mothers do not know whether it is possible to breastfeed with an intestinal infection. Experts argue that not only can be, but also you need to make a child to the chest more often. No one-two-day preventive starvations recommended by sick children from year to arrange a neglected breast body. If the baby refuses food, nutrients begin to drive to him parenterally.

Prevention

To prevent the appearance of the symptoms of intestinal infection in the infection, the following rules must be followed:

All items surrounding the child, and the hands of parents should always be clean. Do not be lazy to wash your hands every time after a walk or sleep and rinse the pacifier dropped on the floor.
The chest in front of each feeding of the baby should be treated with a weak soda solution, while the young mother must not forget to take a shower daily and change underwear.
If someone suffers from intestinal disorder in the family, it is important to minimize contact with this family member to complete recovery.
Wet cleaning and indoor ventilation should be carried out as often as possible.
Artificial nutrition for infants need to be prepared on the basis of bottled children's water.

Emergency infection at an early age is often found. The pathogenic microflora enters the child's body when contacting a sick person, with poor-quality food or due to non-compliance with elementary hygiene rules. In infants the disease occurs hard. At the first symptoms of intestinal infection in the infection - high temperature, multiple vomiting and diarrhea - it is recommended to urgently seek medical care and begin treatment.

Useful video about intestinal infection in children

NO Related Posts.

In this article, we will analyze the main infectious diseases in newborns: how to diagnose, prevention and treatment.

Often such diseases occur due to weakened immunity at birth. In premature children, the immune system is not fully formed, increased permeability of the skin and mucous membranes.

Often, children are ill because of hospital infections, antisanitaries in the maternity hospital, infection from hospital personnel, from other children in the general chamber (when infection is transmitted by air).

Vesikopustules

The disease is characterized by purulent inflammations on the skin of the child. Small bubbles (vesicles) filled with muddy liquid appear on the body.

They burst a few days later, and the corrosists are formed in their place. Later they disappear without leaving traces on the skin.

As a rule, such a disease is not dangerous and does not cause complications.

Pemphigus

On the skin, small bubbles appear in the baby (up to 1 cm in diameter), filled with pus and gray liquid. Usually appear at the bottom of the abdomen, near the navel, on the legs and arms.

The disease can go into a heavy stage: large bubbles up to 3 cm in diameter. There is no intoxication of the whole organism. Requires urgent doctor intervention!

Usually the infection takes place in 2-3 weeks. It may end with sepsis.

Treatment: Purify bubbles and handle the place of puncture with alcohol solutions of aniline dyes.

Pseudofurunculez

The disease begins as inflammation under the hair cover on the head and applies further. After piercing bubbles, a pus is found.

Localization: on the head under the hairproof, on the neck, back and buttocks.

Basic symptoms: Increased temperature, light intoxication, sepsis, in blood increased leukocyte content.

Mastitis

The main cause of the disease is the incorrect work of the chest. In the first days may not manifest.

The newborn enlarged the breast gland. And when pressed from the nipples, pus is released.

The child is constantly crying, refuses the chest, the symptoms of the body intoxication appear.

Mastitis is dangerous by subsequent purulent complications for the whole organism. Therefore, do not tighten with a visit to the doctor.

Streptodermia

The infection usually appears in the navel area, in the groin area, on the hips, on the face and applies further.

This is a very serious disease: temperature up to 40 degrees, the child becomes sluggish, refuses to eat, meningitis, diarrhea.

The disease may be complicated by toxic shock. In this case, you need to immediately consult a doctor.

Phlegmon

This disease is characterized by purulent inflammation of subcutaneous fiber. At the hardest stage, there is necrotic phlegmon (leaning fabrics).

The inflammatory-purulent process passes on the chest and buttocks, rarely - on hand and legs.

Determine the beginning of the disease Simple: There is a small inflammation, painful to the touch. Gradually it grows. The skin becomes dark baguard, then devies (on the second and subsequent days of the infectious disease becomes pale and or sulfur).

If we cut the inflamed area of \u200b\u200bthe skin, the pus and dead tissue will be found inside.

Symptoms of the disease: Intoxication of the body, temperature up to 39 degrees, vomiting, in the blood of many leukocytes (leukocytosis).

With timely and proper treatment, it is usually possible to prevent the spread of infection, necrosis and skin rejection.

Ommalitis

This is the inflammation of the skin in the navel area, can be with a pus.

The disease is not dangerous to the health of the baby. Mama is recommended to handle the wound 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide 3 times a day. Then he is a solution of potassium permanganate.

In case of a disease in a newborn: the temperature increases, vomiting appears, jeeping after feeding.

Conjunctivitis

The disease is characterized by inflammation of the tear glands, edema, sulfur separation from the eyes, constant tear. It may be complicated by deeper inflammation and ulcers.

Infection can occur in the maternity hospital or from the mother.

Treatment: A separate rut for the right and left eye carefully remove purulent allocations. Mix antibiotic solutions several times a day. After washing, put the eye ointment (peniciline).

Acute rhinitis

The disease is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. From the nose begins to stand out.

Subsequently, the swelling of the nasal mucosa is possible. Breathing is difficult. The baby can not suck the chest (can't breathe a nose), constantly crying, loses weight.

If inflammation is not treated, it can spread to the middle ear, a throat.

Treatment: suck fit with suction. You can use sterile tampons with vaseline oil. Introduce the solution of antibacterial drugs and insert gauze tampons (moistened in solution) into each nostril for a few minutes.

In the acute course of the disease, the doctor may appoint antibiotics injections.

Acute middle Otitis

The disease is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the middle ear cavity.

Otitis can be purulent or serous. In the serous otitis in the field of eardrum, the eating fluid accumulates. With purulent otitis in the field of eardrum, strong swelling and suppuration.

Detect the disease is not always possible, it flows hidden. You can select the following symptoms infection:

the edema of the ear of the ear + painful sensation, the baby refuses the chest - it is painful to swallow, body temperature: normal either slightly increased, remarking the muscles of the face.

In case of detection of infection, go to the reception to the otolaryngologist. He will appoint a child dry warmth and UHF.

Pneumonia

This is the most common infectious disease in newborns. It is characterized by inflammation of the tissues of the lungs. The baby can get sick in the womb either in the maternity hospital.

In prematurendicious children, inflammation flows for a long time and can grow into purulent + necrosis of lung tissues.

The first symptoms of the disease:

the kid refuses the chest, sucks badly; pale skin; Resisters in breathing: shortness of breath, breathing delay; Wars in exhale.

Treatment:

the child is placed in a separate ward with mother, free swaddling, regular ventilation; antibiotics therapy; During protracted pneumonia, metronidazole, bifidobacterin are prescribed; prescribe immunoglobulin 3-4 times a day; Perfect interferon into each nostril - every 2 hours; oxygen therapy; Electrophoresis with calcium preparations, Novocaine;

Enterocolit

An infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of a thin and colon. Violates the work of the intestine. Basic pathogens: Intestinal wand, Salmonella, Staphylococcus.

Symptoms of the disease:

liquid stool of green with mucus; intestinal peristals (often cutting walls); The child refuses his chest, lethargy; vomiting with bile; permanent gas; edema of the nez abdominal and genital organs; Stool delay, may contain mucus and blood; Dehydration of the body due to frequent vomiting, chair and jerking - the language and oral cavity become dry; bloating; Strong weight loss.

Treatment: Proper nutrition and hydration therapy. The doctor may prescribe antibacterial drugs, therapy of large doses of bifidumbacterin and Bactisubtil (normalize the normal functioning of the intestine).

Sepsis

Very dangerous infectious disease. There is inflammation due to the penetration of infection in blood against the background of reduced immunity. Often infection penetrates through the navel, damaged skin areas, wounds, mucous membranes, eyes.

After infection, a small inflammation appears at the place of penetration, then applies to neighboring areas of the skin.

On the skin, purulent sections are formed, intoxication of the body occurs. Possible purulent metastases in the brain (meningitis), liver and lungs.

Basic symptoms:

failure to breast, constant vomiting and jeeping, lethargy, yellowness of the skin and mucous membranes, increased liver, infected wound does not heal.

Duration of sepsis In children:

1-3 days - lightning sepsis; up to 6 weeks - acute sepsis; More than 6 weeks - a protracted sepsis.

Mortality among newborns during sepsis is 30-40%!

Treatment of sepsis Appoints the attending physician and holds it under strict control. Typically, children are prescribed the following procedures:

Optimal care and feeding. Liquidation of foci of infection. Antibacterial therapy. Disinfecting therapy. Antibiotic therapy.

At the beginning of treatment, drugs are prescribed, then according to the results of the impact on the flora - specific. With a protracted sepsis use metronidazole.. Simultaneously with antibiotics, you can give lactobacterin 3 times a day, vitamins.

The prevention of sepsis is strictly observing sanitary and epidemiological norms in hospitals and at home. Remember, the newborn are most susceptible to infections, the risk of infectious diseases is very high. In premature children, a weakened immunity is added to this.

Attention! Information in the article is given strictly for informational purposes. Do not engage in independent treatment of the child. Contact your specialist for help.

Update: October 2018

Important facts about vui

Up to 10% of all pregnancies accompanied by the transfer of infection from the mother to the fetus
0.5% of born children have certain symptoms of infection
Mother infection does not necessarily lead to fetal infection
Many infections, dangerous for the fetus, proceed with the mother gently or do not have symptoms at all
Fruit infection is more often due to the first infection in the mother
Timely treatment of a pregnant woman can reduce or reduce risks to zero for the fetus.

How is the fruit infected?

There are three main methods of transmission of intrauterine infection during pregnancy:

Transplascent (hematogenic) - viruses (CMV, herpes, etc.), syphilis, toxoplasmosis, lesteriosis

Ascending - mycoplasma, chlamydia, herpes

Downward

The infection descends to the fetus through the uterine pipes (with adnexite, ooforite).

Frequent causative agents of intrauterine transplantary infection

Consequences of intrauterine infection for a child

General symptoms of intrauterine infections

Delay of intrauterine development
Micro and hydrocephalia
Chorioretinite, Cataract (eye damage)
Pneumonia
Jaundice and liver increase
Anemia
Wasyka fetal (swelling)
Rash on the skin
Fever

At what time of pregnancy is dangerous infection?

Risk groups by dangerous to fetal diseases

Women having senior children attending school and preschool institutions
Employees of kindergartens, nursery, schools
Medical workers
Pregnant women with chronic inflammatory diseases
Indication on repeated medical abortions
Women with the birth of infected children in the past
Development defects and the antenatal fetal death in the past
Unexpected oral influence

Signs of pregnant infection

Temperature rise
Increase and soreness of lymph nodes
Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain
Rubber, tear, conjunctivitis
Soreness and swelling of the joints

Frequent causative agents of intrauterine infection

Viruses

	Mother infection	Consequences for the child
Rubella	Air-drip	Fetal rubella syndrome
Cytomegalovirus	Through biological fluids: blood, saliva, cum, urine	Congenital CMV infection (with or without symptoms)
Virus simple herpes 2	Pretty sexual path	Congenital herpetic infection
Parvovirus B19	Air-drip	Anemia, fetal water
Chickenpox	Air-drip, contact-household road	Development defects in early infection, congenital windmill when infected before childbirth
	Air-drip	Spontaneous abortion, congenital cortex
Hepatitis B, with	Sex Path	Hepatitis newborn, chronic virus carriage
	Sex path, injection path	Congenital HIV infection

Bacteria

Simplest

Cmv

But the activation of sleeping infection is able to harm the child (see). Most of the probability of fetal infection in the 3 trimester, and the consequences for the baby are harder when infected at the beginning of pregnancy. It is believed that the risk of fetal infection is 30-40%. Of these, 90% of children will not have any symptoms and consequences. And 10% of newborns will appear with various signs of intrauterine infection.

Consequences for a child:

miscarriage, stillbirth
maldiasis at birth
(varying degrees)
(insufficient brain size)
(accumulation of fluid in brain cavities)
hepatoslenomegaly (liver damage and spleen with increasing them in size)
pneumonia
atrophy of the optic nerve (blindness of varying degrees)

Currently there is no effective means with the symptoms of CMV in newborns. It is believed that the use of Ganzikovir somewhat softens pneumonia and eye damage.

CMV is not an indication for interrupting pregnancy, since the outcome for a newborn can be good. Therefore, it is recommended to treat a pregnant woman in order to reduce the risks of complications.

Hp

Simple herpes virus, especially 2 types (sex), is able to cause congenital herpetic infection of kids. It manifests itself during the first 28 days after birth (see).

The consequences of congenital herpes:

miscarriage, stillbirth
lethargy, bad appetite
fever
characteristics of the skin (sometimes not immediately arise)
jaundice
blood coagulation disorders
pneumonia
eye damage (chorioretinite)
brain damage (with convulsions, apnea, an increase in intracranial pressure)

Rubella

One of the most dangerous viruses of deformity from the fetus is considered a rubella virus. The risk of pregnancy is especially great to 16 weeks (more than 80%). Symptoms of disease depend on the period on which the virus penetrates the fetus (see).

Congenital rubella syndrome:

miscarriage, stillbirth
maldiasis at birth
microcephaly
cataract
deafness (up to 50% of children)
vices of the heart
leather as "cake with blueberries" - bluish hem of blood formation in the skin
meningitis and Encephalitis
hepatoslenomegaly
pneumonia
skin lesion

Parvovirus B19

Consequences of intrauterine infection:

anemia
eveny
myocarditis
hepatitis
peritonitis
defeat Brain

Chickenpox

Symptoms of congenital windmill:

rash, zigzag form scars
underdevelopment of limbs (shortening and deformation)
atrophy of the optic nerve, eye underdevelopment
brain damage (underdevelopment)
pneumonia

Hepatitis B

The consequences of intrauterine infection with hepatitis:

miscarriage, stillbirth
majority
psychomotor Development Delay
acute hepatitis form with hepatic insufficiency and fatal outcome
wearer and chronic hepatitis in
liver cancer
hepatitis in followed by recovery

HIV infection

Liseriosis

Manifestations of intrauterine infection:

student, Spontaneous Abortion
fever, rejection of food
meningitis
sepsis
multiple purulent foci, rash

Syphilis

The effects of infection with syphilis:

stinking
anemia, Child Jaundice
cracks on the skin, rash of various shapes
defeating the eyes, ears, limbs, teeth ("teeth hetchinson")
deafness
impaired mental function

Toxoplasmosis

Timely detection and treatment of pregnant toxoplasmosis by 60% reduces the risk of infection of the kid.

What is Torch infection?

When planning pregnancy

During pregnancy appearance

Diagnosis of intrauterine infection

Blood tests to all pregnant women

syphilis, hepatitis B and C, Regular strokes from the vagina on the microflora
PCR to detect blood viruses

Ultrasound

increase brain ventricles
multiple calcium deposits in the brain, liver, intestines
increased heart, liver and spleen
increase the abdomen and expansion of a cup-making kidney system
syndrome delay of intrauterine development
sweeping placenta, amniotic traction
multi- or lowland
formed malformations of development

All of the above features may be a consequence of noncommunicable diseases or a norm option (see).

Serotimmunological method

The essence of the definition of immunoglobulins:

There is IGM, no IgG - most likely there is an acute infection
There is an IGG, no IGM - infection was in the past, immunity formed
There is neither IGM nor IgG in sufficient credits - a woman did not come across infection, or came across a long time ago, immunity
There is IGM and IGG - there is an infection to which immunity has already begun to be formed, or the reactivation of the previously used infection has emerged. Most likely, nothing threatens the fetus.

Serological examination of the blood of a newborn is difficult, as it presents maternal antibodies that distort the picture.

Cordocentsis and amniocentsis

Blood tests, saliva, urine, spinal fluid newborn

They allow you to identify intrauterine infection in children with different degrees of expression of symptoms.

Treatment and observation with intrauterine infection

Medicia treatment

Choosing the method of the Rhodewords

Surveillance for infected children

Even in the absence of symptoms of CMV and rubella in the first months of life, infected children need to check the rumor to 5-6 years.

Treatment of shaped defects and damage for intrauterine infections in newborns

Prevention of fractal infection

Vaccination of children and adult women before pregnancy planning
Careful attitude to women's health
- restriction of contact with children, especially in educational institutions
- restriction of visits to the massacre of people
- careful Pet Contact, Cleaning Cleaning Cleaning
- powered by thermally processed products, exclusion of soft cheeses and semi-finished products
- an adequate way to protect against infection during sexual contacts
Determination of the level of immunoglobulins on the main intrauterine TORCH infections before pregnancy planning

What to do when contact with infected?

Inspectorate infections Localized and generalized purulent infection: Causes and Epidemiology Ommalitis, Pieredamia, Mastitis, Conjunctivitis: Clinical picture Treatment of localized purulent diseases of sepsis of newborns: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, prevention prevention, prevention of purulent-septic diseases

Intrauterine infections

Inspectorate infections of newborns (VUi) is infectious diseases in which the pathogens from the infected mother penetrate the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth.

Newborn Vui is manifested in the form of severe lesions of the central nervous system, hearts, organs of vision.

The time of infection with a pregnant woman, as well as the type and virulence of the pathogen, the massiveness of infection, the path of penetration of the pathogen, the nature of the course of pregnancy

Mother infection comes from feline pets infected with toxoplasms (cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, rabbits, chickens, turbors), wild animals (hares, protein). The transmission mechanism is fecal-oral through the unwashed hands after contact with the ground, contaminated with animal feces, the use of unpasteurized milk, raw or poorly roasted meat; Hematogenic - when overflowing infected blood products. A man infected with toxoplasmosis for others not dangerous.

Fruit infection is transmitted through the placenta only once in a lifetime, If it was first infected during this pregnancy. When subsequent pregnancy or in the case of a transferred disease before pregnancy, the fruit is not infected. This is due to the fact that the mother's body has already formed high immunological activity to this pathogen.

The defeat of the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy leads to miscarriages, stillbirths and severe damage to organs. When infected in the third trimester of pregnancy, the fruit is less frequently infected, the disease is manifested in a lighter form. Toxoplasmosis can be asymptomatic and detected in children at an older age, even 4-14 years old.

There are sharp, subacute and chronic phases of the disease. Clinical symptoms of infectious disease are diverse and not always specific. For acute phase (The generalization stage) is characterized by the general difficult condition, temperature increase, jaundice, the increase in the liver and spleen, fodder-papular rash. Dyspeptic disorders, interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, intrauterine growth delay are possible. For damage to the nervous system, lethargy, drowsiness, nystagm, squints are characteristic. The fruit is infected shortly before the birth of a child, and the inthetically used severe infection continues and after birth.

IN phase subacute (the stage of active encephalitis) The child is born with the symptoms of the TSS defeat - vomiting, convulsions, tremor, paralysis and paresis, progressive micro, hydrocephalus are detected; There are changes from the eye - clouding of the vitreous body, chorioretinite, irido-cyclitis, nystagm, squint.

IN chronic phase There are irreversible changes to the CNS and Eye - micro, hydrocephalus, calcifications in the brain, a delay of mental, speech and physical development, epilepsy, hearing loss, atrophy of the optic nerve, microftral-mia, chorioretinite. Fetal infection occurs in early terms, the child is born with manifestations of chronic toxoplasmosis.

Treatment. INpreparations Apply Pyrimitamin preparations (Chloridine, Daraprim, Tindrin) In combination with sulfanimamides ( bactrim, sulfadimesin). Use combined drugs fANCER or metachelphin. Effective spiramycin (Rovamicin), sumamed, Rulid. With an active inflammatory process, corticosteroids are shown. Mandatory multivitamins.

For the prevention of toxoplasmosis, it is important to carry out sanitary and educational work among women of childbearing age, to identify among pregnant women infected (screening test at the beginning and at the end of pregnancy), prevent contact of pregnant women with cats and other animals;

careful hand wash after contact with raw meat. Revealed infected women in the first half of pregnancy are treated spiramycin Or interrupt pregnancy.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection. The causative agent of the disease refers to DNA viruses from the Herpes family. The disease is characterized by damage to the salivary glands, the central nervous system and other organs with the formation of giant cells with major intolerin inclusions in their tissues.

The source of infection is only a person (patient or virus monitor). From the infected organism, the virus is highlighted with urine, saliva, secrets, blood, less often with the feces. The selection of the virus with urine can last several years. The transmission mechanism is predominantly pin, less often air-drip, enteral and sex.

The source of infection of newborn children is the carriers of the cytomegal virus. Viruses penetrate the fetus through the placenta, ascending, or during childbirth, to the newborn - with infected milk, when transfusion of infected blood. Infection in childbirth occurs when aspiration or swallowing of infected spill waters, secrets of generic pathways of the mother.

Signs of the disease in pregnant women may be absent asymptomatic form). If a latent infection is activated in a pregnant woman, then there is less intensive infection of the placenta. Due to the presence of the Mother's specific IgG antibodies, there is a less pronounced damage to the fetus.

The defeat of the fetus in the early periods of pregnancy leads to miscarriages, stillbirths. The child is born with the defects of the development of the CNS, the cardiovascular system, kidneys, lungs, thymus, adrenal glands, spleen, intestines. The damage to the organs is fibrous-cystic character - cirrhosis of the liver, the atresia of biliary tract, kysterosis of the kidneys and lungs, muco-viscidosis. Virushemia and virus release to the external environment are not marked, as it is in the latent state.

If infection occurs shortly before birth, in childbirth, the child is born with generalized form Diseases or it develops shortly after birth. It is characterized by clinical symptoms from the first hours or days of life, involvement in the process of many organs and systems: low body weight at birth, progressive jaundice, increase in liver and spleen, hemorrhagia - petechia, sometimes resembling the skin "cake with blueberries", Melena, Hemolytic anemia, meningoencephalitis and small cerebral calcifications around the ventricles. The chorioretinite, cataract, neurrites the visual nerve is detected. With the defeat of the lungs in children there is a thrust cough, shortness of breath and other signs of interstitial pneumonia.

Localized form Develops against the background of isolated lesion of salivary glands or lungs, liver, CNS.

Diagnostics.Laboratory diagnostics is based on the results of cytological, virological and serological studies. The virus is isolated in precipitation of urine, saliva, spinal fluid. Serological methods - RSK, PH, RPGA - confirm the diagnosis. Apply ELISA, PCR and D NK-hybrid ization.

Treatment.When treating, it should be verified in the absence of pathogens in Mother's milk. Apply a specific anti-cytomegalovirus 10% Immunoglobulin solution - cITO, Sandoglobulin (IgG). Pentaglobin - IGM, Kip, Antiviral drugs (cytosinarabinoside, adherentarabinoside, ioddeoxyuridine, ganciclovir, foskarnet).Fixed and symptomatic therapy is carried out.

It is important to comply with personal hygiene rules when care for newborns with jaundice and toxic-septic diseases. All pregnant women examine the presence of cytomegaly.

Intricultural infectious diseases represent a greater danger to the health and life of the child, as they lead to a delay in the development of the fetus, various vices and diseases.

An intrauterine infection in a newborn is an infectious disease that arises due to infection in the womb or during childbirth. The consequences can be the most different - from the formation of congenital defects to the death of the child.

Clinical manifestations of such infections depend on the large number of different factors. For the most part, they depend on the acute diseases of the mother in the prenatal and generic periods. Symptomatics is completely different and not always a clinical picture helps to identify the presence of the disease. Therefore, the correct observation of a woman during pregnancy helps or eliminate the risk completely, or eliminate all the consequences.

In newborns, due to fetal infection by the pathogen during pregnancy, or during childbirth. Most often, infection of the child's infection comes from the mother. Much less frequent cases of infection with specific types of diagnosis of mothers (invasive prenatal diagnostics), introducing a child of various blood products and other paths through the umbilical cord.

During the period of the intrauterine development of the child, various viruses (rubella, HIV, Herpes, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cytomegaly) and intracellular microorganisms (mycoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis) occur in infections.

In the generic period, the degree of infection directly depends on the state of the human generic channel. Subject to the integrity and healthy feature of the placenta, the child is inadvertent for the simplest viruses and most of the malicious bacteria. True, with fetoplacentage failure or a variety of damage, there is a high likelihood of child infection.

The severity of the course of the disease depends on the time of infection and the type of pathogen. Infection during the first ten weeks of intrauterine development guarantees a high probability of spontaneous miscarriage.

Infection of the causative agent in the first fourteen weeks leads to the stillbirth and the emergence of severe vices and violations in the development of the child. The disease in the second and third trimesters causes the defeat of separately taken organs or an extensive infection.

There may be cases that the clinical manifestation of infection in the mother may not coincide with the symptomatic or degree of gravity of infection in the child. The small intensity of the symptoms or asymptomatic course of the disease in a pregnant woman often causes severe consequences, reflected in the fruit - from pathologies to death.

Symptoms

To identify intrauterine infection is possible in the process of childbirth. Bright signs of infection can be:

the unpleasant smell and turbidity of the accumulating waters;
unsatisfactory state of the placenta;
asphyxia in the newborn.

In the future, other manifestations of the disease can be diagnosed:

an increase in some internal organs (liver);
microcephaly;
jaundice;
sudden fevering syndrome;
pyodermia;
various pigmentation on the skin;
cramps.

The manifestations of the intrauterine infection can be the grayish color of the skin of a newborn, the inhibitory syndrome of the central nervous system and abundant swelling. In the future, in the prolonged period of development of infection, osteomyelitis, various types of encephalitis and meningitis can cause an occurrence.

Congenital toxoplasmosis

Acute manifestations begin in the first days of life after birth and characterized by the occurrence of inflammation in organs, jade, various manifestations of diarrhea, jaundice, fever. Clear cramps and sweeping syndrome.

The chronic form leads to squint, microcephaly, atrophy of optic nerves and iridocyclite. Many times there are cases of monosimptomic and latent forms of the disease. Late complications entail blindness, epilepsy, oligophrenia.

Congenital rubella

Disease of a rubella pregnant woman in different periods of pregnancy with varying degrees guarantees the possibility of child infection. When infected during the first eight weeks of the disease, the fetus is 80% and the consequences have high risk degrees - to spontaneous miscarriage. The disease in the second trimester will reduce the risk of up to 20%, and in the third - up to 8%.

A child with rubella is often born with a low body weight or premature. A typical clinical picture includes UPU, hearing nerve and eye damage. The development of deafness is possible.

Nonypical manifestations and consequences may develop:

hepatitis
hydrocephalus;
microcephaly;
sky cleft;
skeleton anomalies;
vices of various systems;
mental or physical delay in development.

Cytomegaly

The damage to the causative agents of cytomegalovirus infection is often leading to the defeat and anomalies in the development of various internal organs, violation of the functioning of the immune system, various complications.

Most often there are congenital pathologies that manifest themselves:

cataract;
retinopathy;
microfthalmia;
microhyra;
microcephalus and other severe diseases.

In the future, cirrhosis of the liver, blindness, pneumosclerosis, encephalopathy, deafness can develop.

Herpetic infection

This disease passes in three forms - a wide, mucobid-skin and neurological. A wide form of the disease is characterized by toxicosis, jaundice, hepatomegaly, pneumonia, distress syndrome. Other forms proceed with the manifestation of rashes and encephalitis. Septis can develop.

Hepatitis can cause malformations of various gravity - dwarfishness, retinopathy, microcephalus. Later complications are the delay in development, blindness, deafness.

Diagnostics

For modern medicine, one of the most pressing tasks acts at the initial stages. For this, a large range of different analyzes are carried out in order to identify pathologies - smears and sowing on the flora from the vagina of a pregnant woman, PCR diagnostics, specialized laboratory studies on a complex of intrauterine diseases in newborns.

The method of identifying specialized markers using widespread ultrasound is often used. This method allows you to determine the minor and multi-way, the obstacles of the octuroper waters, disorders of development and damage to the placenta, various pathology of the fetus and violations in the development of various system of child bodies.

The postpartum period is carried out a complex of various laboratory studies in order to confirm or refutate the presence of intrauterine infections. Analyzes for microorganisms, viruses and bacteria are widespread. A molecular biological method of DNA-based studies, serological and histological analyzes are used.

In the first days of life, at suspicion of child infections, specialists in various fields - cardiology, neurology, ophthalmology and other areas should be inspecting. It is recommended to carry out various studies on the reaction of the children's body.

Treatment

Treatment of intrauterine infections is a complex of multidirectional therapies, which in the aggregate helps to cope with the disease. The main types of treatment are aimed at getting rid of the body from pathogens, restoring the full spectrum of the functioning of the immune system, restoring the body after the disease.

Immunomodulators and immunoglobulins are prescribed to strengthen immunity. Most antibiotics intended for newborns and pregnant women help struggle with viruses and bacteria. The body's restoration consists of delivering from residual symptoms of intrauterine infections.

Prevention

First of all, to avoid the occurrence of intrauterine infections will help preventive examination of partners at the stage of pregnancy planning. Very often use vaccination, preventing the occurrence of herpes viruses.

An important element of prevention is the full and unconditional compliance with the rules of personal and general hygiene, conducting a healthy lifestyle, regular surveys for various infectious diseases.

An intrauterine infection in a newborn is a special group of diseases that the baby is infected before the appearance of a light. Infection cases are also recorded directly during generic activities of this nature infection can lead to fetal death, miscarriage or incorrect development.

Cases were recorded when pathologies led to early childbirth, vices, strong damage to the central nervous system. That is why it is advisable to diagnose in a timely manner. It implies research on the microscopic level. Additionally, functioning, immunity, enzymes, interaction of molecules and correctness in the work of biological processes are additionally analyzed.

Treatment of infections of this nature is carried out using immunoglobulins, modulators. A woman is prescribed regular reception of antiviral drugs, the action of which is aimed at the destruction of bacteria.

An intrauterine infection in newborns is observed in the case of the presence of pathologies in certain processes. The situation is observed against the background of fetal infection. To date, until the end failed to determine the path of infection. Today, about 10% of all children is born with such a disease. This problem is particularly acute in pediatrics, since because of this, a large number of deaths and disease development are recorded immediately after birth. Parents are recommended to pay attention to the prevention of infection. In this case, it will be possible to reduce the risk of the development of dangerous diseases.

Diagnosis of infection is prescribed during pregnancy

Causes of disease

The process of infection in these diseases begins at the time of finding the fetus in the womb. The risk of infection is also preserved during the generic activity. In this case, the infection is a mother. The disease can be transmitted vertical or upward way. It all depends on the location of viruses and bacteria.

Only in rare cases there was an infection of a pregnant woman in diagnosis, which assumed a biopsy or other specific procedures. The risk increases with the introduction of drugs to the baby through blood, plasma.

Viral agents can be transferred to the antenatal path. In this case, the fruit can be infected with rubella, herpes, hepatitis, HIV. Because of intracellular pathogens, toxoplasmosis or mycoplasmosis is diagnosed.

An important role is played by the state of generic pathways and the process of the appearance of the baby on the light itself. At this stage, the risk of penetration of microbes into the body of the kid in various ways is remaining. Among the bacteria is the possibility of infection with streptococci, protea, klebsiella and others. The placenta is initially used as an effective barrier. However, its even minor damage can lead to the development of insufficiency. Through small holes, harmful bacteria will be able to get inside without any particular obstacles. Among them, the syphilis virus is of particular danger.

Anamnesis of the mother and the presence of previously adverse pregnancies are also taken into account. The risk of developing intrauterine infections is also increasing if the child appeared ahead of time. Additionally analyzed the period in which the woman was infected (before and after the occurrence of pregnancy).

During childbirth, the doctor analyzes the basic properties of ammunition

The child has a direct impact of the period of infection, as well as a virus that caused the development of pathology. For example, if the pathogen penetrates inside during the first ten weeks of pregnancy, then it will end with independent miscarriage. If the infection occurred on the twelfth week, then the child will most likely be on the light of the dead or he will have serious vices in the development of internal organs, systems. The fetal infection from the second trimester is fraught with the incorrect development of individual internal organs or the presence after the birth of a pronounced generalized infection.

It should be noted that the symptoms are radically different from the mother and the child. Even if the woman did not have any negative manifestations, the fetal subsequently may be detected serious lesions.

It is impossible to completely eliminate the likelihood of stillbest. Viruses and bacteria have property to penetrate deep into the fabric and disrupt the work of the central nervous system, hearts and other important organs.

Symptoms of infections

The effects of damage to the infection of the baby are visible even in the process of generic activity. The doctor draws attention to the condition of the airwater waters - they become muddy, there are a lot of meconium in them. The patient can feel bad. If a child has an intrauterine infection, then the risk of kid's birth with asphycia, large liver and other common development defects increases. As a rule, rubella, piederma and various abundant rashes on the skin are additionally diagnosed. Some kids are fixed fever, convulsions, various respiratory and heart disorders.

Antenatal intrauterine infection can lead to pneumonia, myocardits, anemia and other diseases that are manifested within a few days after the toddler appears. Next, the child is examined using special medical equipment. With it, it is possible to identify diseases of the organs of vision, vices in the work of the heart, the presence of a cyst and improper functioning of the brain.

With vouches, the child can develop pathologies

Neonatologist draws attention to the baby in the postpartum period. In the presence of disease, it often joins, the weakness of the muscles is observed, the incorrect reaction of the central nervous system. Skin cover regularly. It is not allowed so that it is a pronounced gray color. Intrauterine infections have different incubation period. Each disease is analyzed separately depending on the nature and specification of manifestation.

Each separate Torch infection has various diagnostic and treatment techniques. It is recommended to consult in detail about this from a person skilled in the art.

Main types of infections

Intrauterine infection is a wide concept. Her division is carried out depending on the source of the disease of the disease:

In medical practice, it is customary to unite the most common diseases with a special abbreviation - Torch.

This syndrome includes toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes and other lesions.

Including research is carried out on the availability of HIV, hepatitis, smallpox, mycoplasmosis, syphilis.

Toxoplasmosis: Features of infection

The disease is diagnosed if the fruit in the mother's womb was infected with toxoplasma gondii cells. Pathology can lead to incorrect development, the presence of brain defects, hearts and other internal organs.

Diagnostics are made immediately after the appearance of the baby to the light. The infection exhibits itself in the form of a strong fever, jaundice, swelling, stool violations, periodic seizures. In addition, the kid can be recorded symptoms of meningitis and encephalitis. If the disease turns into a chronic character, then the situation is aggravated by the squint or complete atrophy of the optic nerve. Unfortunately, the infection can lead to a fatal outcome before delivery.

At the late stage of the development of the disease, the baby develops epilepsy and full blindness.

Features of rubella with intrauterine infection

Infection is carried out in the case of the transfer of the disease during the period of tooling the fetus. In the first eight weeks, the probability achieves eighty percent. In the second trimester, it decreases to twenty, and in the third - up to eight percent.

If there is a disease in a child, it will be ahead of time and will be badly gaining weight. Additionally, the skin and explicit manifestations of jaundice can be seen on the skin.

Reducing a congenital character is dangerous manifestation of the following symptoms:

partial or complete defeat of the eye muscle;
insufficient tone of auditory nerve.

If the infection struck the baby in the second part of pregnancy, he can be born with retinopathy or a complete deafness.

Anomalies on the background of transferred rubella are extensive. Vices can manifest itself in the structure of the sky, hepatitis, improper structure of the skeleton or the genitourinary system. The infection is dangerous in that the child may continue to rest in physical and mental development.

Diagnosis should be carried out during pregnancy and after the appearance of the baby

Cytomegaly: Features of infection and infection

This type of infection is dangerous because leads to a strong damage to the internal systems of the patient of the child. Complication may also lead to immunodeficiency or appearance of purulent lesions of the skin. Defects can be both congenital and manifest as a certain period of development. In the postpartum period can manifest jaundice, hemorrhoids, pneumonia, anemia and other diseases.

Subsequently, the bodies of vision, liver, deafness and other diseases remain under threat.

Intrauterine infection with herpes

Herpes infection can manifest itself in several forms:

the generalized form is characterized by toxicosis, the presence of respiratory diseases, jaundice, diseases of the upper respiratory tract and lung, hemorrhoid;
neurological;
the lesion of the mucous membrane and leather.

If a bacterial infection becomes multiple, then the child is diagnosed with sepsis.

Herpes is a dangerous infection that can lead to the emergence of a number of complications. Among the most dangerous should be allocated to the full deafness, blindness, improper development or lag in it.

Features of diagnostics

To date, the diagnosis of intrauterine infections is quite acute. It is necessary to learn as early as possible about the presence of malicious bacteria, viruses and fungi. To do this, in the office of the gynecologist, the smear surrenders, sowing for the presence of bacteria and the state of microflora. In some cases, PCR or a complex Torch analysis is appointed. Invasive prenatal diagnostics must be carried out only to those women who are in a higher risk group.

Certain markers, a gynecologist will be able to consider on an ultrasound examination. ATTENTION should be given to the diagnosis in the event that there were previously diagnosed low or multi-way and other pathologies for the development of pregnancy. In the presence of deviations by the doctor additionally assigns the study of the features of the functioning of the heart and blood flow.

The study must be further conducted even after the appearance of the baby to the light. For this, microbiological analyzes are surrendered. A study should be conducted in the DNA area. This uses serological research methods. An important role is played by the result of histology of the placenta, which can also be accomplished after delivery.

If the baby is suspected of the presence of any intrauterine infection, then during the first days of life should be constantly under the supervision of a neurologist, cardiologist and other specialists in the field of childhood diseases. At their discretion, analyzes are appointed in order to identify pathologies in the development of hearing, vision and other internal organs.

In order to prevent, the woman should regularly pass the gynecologist

Basic principles of treatment of infections

At the first stage of the elimination of pathologies, it is necessary to take drugs to raise immunity, against the development of viral, bacterial and other diseases.

To improve immunity, special modulators and immunoglobulins must be applied. Against viruses most often used acyclovir. Effective therapy against bacteria involves the use of wide spectrum antibiotics.

Therapy must be carried out alternately to get rid of each individual symptom. Otherwise, the risk of pathologies in the work of the central nervous system increases. As a result, the child may have problems in the work of the heart and lungs.

Prevention of infections

If the patient is diagnosed with a generalized form of infection, the probability of transferring it to the child is eighty percent. With local manifestations, the risk of lesions of only individual internal organs increases. Unfortunately, almost every infections can lead to problems in the work of the central nervous system in the future.

The main methods of prevention suggest a complete examination of the patient before pregnancy. During the tooling of the fetus, you should protect yourself from contact with sick people. If the woman did not have a rubella earlier and was not vaccinated from it, then it is necessary to make an injection three months before the planned pregnancy. Additionally, it should be noted that some cases of infection involve interrupting pregnancy on any time.