The progestogenic effect is aimed at developing effects in the body similar to the action of the corpus luteum hormone. The mechanism of the progestogenic effect on the body is associated with the suppression of the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which in turn prevents the maturation of follicles, causing anovulation in women of childbearing age. Ensures the onset of the secretion phase in the endometrium, reduces the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and/or carcinogenesis. This action may also reduce the severity of vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. Causes changes in the mucus of the cervical canal (inhibits arborization), increases its viscosity, thus complicating the penetration of sperm, and also increases the number of intermediate cells in the maturity index of the vaginal epithelium. Reduces the excitability and contractility of the uterine muscles, stimulates the development of the end elements of the mammary gland. Suppresses the function of Leydig cells in men, that is, it inhibits testosterone synthesis. Preparations with a progestogenic effect are used for all types of progestin deficiency (infertility, habitual and threatened miscarriage, premenstrual syndrome, algomenorrhea), irregular menstrual cycles, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, for the purpose of hormone replacement therapy (in combination with estrogens), contraception, endometriosis, mastopathy. For the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the endometrium, mammary glands, and kidneys.
Progestins are hormones that are normally secreted in the female body.
Also, the pharmacological market offers various types of gestagens - drugs that correct hormonal status.
The mechanism of action of biological substances has been known for a long time. The main properties of gestagens are the preservation and maintenance of reproductive function.
Preparations based on these substances are widely used for the treatment of hormone-dependent pathologies.
Many women know that gestagens are contraceptives. However, the hormone produced in the body does not have such an effect.
Only medications taken according to a specific regimen provide a contraceptive effect.
Estrogen and gestagen are the main hormones of the female body produced by the sex glands.
They provide menstrual and reproductive function, support the functioning of organs and systems, preserve youthful skin and are responsible for secondary sexual characteristics, forming attractive curves of the body.
The progestogen hormone has no meaning for a woman without estrogen.
Therefore, for the normal function of organs and systems, a combination of biological substances is necessary.
Progestogens are produced throughout the menstrual cycle, but increased activity is observed in the luteal phase - after ovulation.
Progestin hormones, which in medicine are also called progestins or progestogens, are synthesized in the ovaries by the temporary endocrine gland.
Also sources of biological substance of the second phase are the adrenal glands and the placenta, which forms from the second trimester of pregnancy in the cavity of the reproductive organ.
The main hormone with a gestagenic effect is.
It determines the physiological function of progestins, ensuring the possibility of fertilization, implantation and pregnancy.
The effect of gestagens on the mammary gland
The mechanism of action of gestagens on the mammary gland is still being studied to this day. Numerous studies give the right to assert that the hormone is a hormone of certain elements of glandular tissue.
The set of biological actions ensures the completion of breast development in girls during puberty and the formation of a round shape instead of the teenage conical shape.
Hormones provoke tissue maturation for subsequent lactation.
Thanks to progesterone, the negative effect of estrogen on the mammary glands is reduced. This provides a preventive effect for diseases such as hyperplasia, mastopathy, and glandular cystic formations.
For the endometrium
Gestagens act on the functional layer of the uterus after ovulation. In the first phase of the cycle, proliferative activity of the functional layer is noted.
With the onset of the second phase, the endometrium becomes secretory. In simple words, the hormone produced allows the mucous membrane to “mature” to such a state as to accept the fertilized egg.
Biological substances secreted by the gonads have a preventive effect on the endometrium, preventing the development of hyperplasia, adenomyosis and fibrocystic lesions.
To the genitals
Gestagens have a relaxing effect on the genitals. Hormones are of particular importance for the fallopian tubes and the muscular layer of the reproductive organ.
Thanks to progesterone, vasopressin and oxytocin are broken down. This helps prevent premature contraction of the uterus and separation of the functional layer.
By their action, biological substances provide a decrease in sensitivity during menstruation.
With a lack of gestagens, women experience an irregular cycle with spotting breakthrough bleeding. Deficiency of sex hormones causes painful menstruation and severe PMS.
For pregnancy
Despite the fact that synthetic gestagens are a natural hormone, it is important for pregnancy.
The very origin of the term denoting biological matter comes from the words gesto and gens, which mean to bear, continue, produce.
Produced in the second half of the cycle, the hormone prepares the uterine lining to accept the embryo.
If implantation has taken place, then over the next 10-12 weeks the corpus luteum will support new life, preventing the muscle layer from contracting and rejecting it.
The formed placenta subsequently takes on this task.
When to use progestin drugs
The progestin component of drugs can be of natural or synthetic origin.
Medicines are used to achieve the following results:
- transition of the functional layer of the uterus to the secretory phase;
- increased cervical activity and thickening of mucus;
- suppression of contractile activity of muscle tissue;
- increase in basal temperature;
- stimulation of breast tissue.
All progestin agents are used in the treatment of cycle disorders, endometriosis and for the purpose of contraception.
Also used during menopause and menopause.
They are used as additional medications in the complex treatment of acne, PCOS, endometrial and mammary hyperplasia, and prostate cancer in men.
Treatment
Progestogenic activity depends on the active substance on which the medicine is based.
| Name of gestagen | Action | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progestin | Antiestrogenic | Androgenic | Antiandrogenic | |
| Progesterone (Utrozhestan, Crinon) | Moderate | Moderate | Absent | Absent |
| Norethisterone (Norkolut, Kliogest) | High | High | High | Absent |
| (Mirena, Postinor, Tri-regol) | Very high | Very high | Very high | Absent |
| Desogestrel (Mersilon, Escapelle, Novinet) | Very high | High | Moderate | Absent |
| Gestodene (Charosetta, Logest) | Very high | High | Moderate | Absent |
| Norgestimate (Sileste) | Very high | High | Moderate | Absent |
| Dydrogestarone (Femoston, Duphaston) | Moderate | Moderate | Absent | Absent |
| Dienogest (Janine) | High | Absent | Absent | Moderate |
All substances, with the exception of norethisterone, do not have an estrogenic effect. In accordance with the indications and individual hormonal status, a specific drug is prescribed.
Medicines are available in the form of injections, oral capsules, tablets and intrauterine devices.
Contraceptives
Combined estrogen-gestagen drugs are used for contraception.
Medicines regulate the menstrual cycle, reduce the severity of premenstrual syndrome, and improve the condition of the epidermis.
The active component of contraceptives blocks the release of luteinizing hormone, which triggers ovulation in a woman’s body.
The drugs also reduce the concentration and increase the viscosity of cervical mucus.
The principle of action of contraceptives
provides a double protective effect: the oocyte does not leave the ovary, and sperm cannot overcome the barrier of vaginal secretion.
Among progestin agents, you can choose drugs in a convenient form:
- implant - inserted subcutaneously and valid for 3-6 months;
- intrauterine devices - used for 5 years;
- oral medications – taken continuously.
Side effects
The latest generation of progestogens, like any medicine, can cause adverse reactions:
- migraine, drowsiness, dizziness;
- digestive disorders;
- breakthrough bleeding;
- pain in the mammary glands;
- increased blood pressure;
- blood clot formation;
- decreased sex drive;
- change in body weight up or down;
- skin manifestations;
- fluid retention and swelling.
When considering the likelihood of negative manifestations, each drug should be studied individually.
Reading and listening to Marina Borisovna Khamoshina is a special pleasure.
“The ability to control one’s “reproductive destiny” has been a concern of humanity for a long time. Despite the unconditional love for children, almost all married couples throughout human history sooner or later came to the desire to control the birth rate, especially when the number of children approached ten.”
Among the factors requiring birth control, the professor notes poverty and hunger on the one hand, and the political goals of the powers that be on the other. One way or another, before the advent of the first birth control pills, a truly effective method of contraception simply did not exist.
Almost 55 years have passed. A great variety of effective and safe contraceptives have emerged. There is something for every taste and budget. If you want birth control pills for 100 rubles a month - please! Here's Oralcon - an Indian generic of Microgynon born in 1973. It is well tolerated, high efficiency, and of course there is a slight androgenic effect of levonorgestrel. Maybe a couple of pimples will pop out, but your libido will not fade.
I went to the radar for a picture and found just a whole sea of generics. Therefore, instead of discussing the fate of humanity, I will write a supernova review of COC on the domestic market in 2016.
Everyone understands perfectly well that COCs contain different dosages of hormones. They used to be monstrous, then they were simply tall. By the end of the 60s of the twentieth century, drugs containing 35-50 mcg of EE appeared - this was a lot, but acceptable. Quite quickly, by 1973, it was possible to reduce the dosage to 30 mcg - such COCs began to be called low-dose. Today our market is full of drugs containing 20 mcg of EE. It's quite simple, but not easy enough to understand. Because COCs, in addition to estrogen, contain a gestagen component. It is the gestagen that provides various “snacks” and additional non-contraceptive effects.
It looks something like this: 
Let's start with dienogest.
EE+dienogest
DNG - dienogest-containing "Janine" is excellently used for contraception in women with endometriosis and pelvic pain, and is included in the 1st line of therapy for endometriosis in the recommendations of most associations. Despite her rather capricious nature (Janine “loves” a very precise technique, she can react to delays with daubs), there are already as many as 4 generics on our market:
"Janine" -
30 µg EE+2 mg DNGin 21+7 mode
Generics: Siluet, Bonade, Diecyclen, Zhenetten
EE+drospirenone
Despite the fact that DRSP (drospirenone) containing COCs have been subjected to all kinds of attacks in the yellow press for almost 10 years due to the allegedly high risk of thrombosis, excellent tolerability, non-contraceptive effects and a decent safety profile have given rise to a whole bunch of generic drugs. "Yarina Plus" and "Jess Plus", fortified with folates, are still protected from copying by the 10-year right of the manufacturer of the original drug, so "pluses" on our market are still only in the original.
"Yarina" - 30 mcg EE + 3 mg DRSPin 21+7 mode
Generics: Midiana, Vidora, Modell PRO
"Jess" - 20 mcg EE + 3 mg DRSPin 24+4 mode
Generics: Dimia, Modell TREND
Combination not registered in the Russian Federation*"Yasminelle" 20 µg EE+3 mg DRSP in 21+7 mode
Generics: Vidora micro, Dailla, Simicia
*To be honest, I don’t quite understand how this happened. How the pharmaceutical committee gave permission to copies of the original drug, which had never been registered in our country
EE+gestodene
Gestodene has been part of the OC since the 80s of the twentieth century and is classified as a 3rd generation gestagen. Metabolically neutral to such an extent that it is recommended for women with high BMI. There is no antiandrogenic or glucocorticoid effect, there is a very slight mineralocorticoid effect. At the same time, it is a reliable progestin that perfectly controls the endometrium in a very small dosage. For a long time, Logest was the most micronized COC, then it was replaced by Mirelle.
"Femoden" - 30 mcg EE+ 75 mcg gestodenein 21+7 mode
Generics: Lindinet-30
"Logest" -2 0 mcg EE+ 75 mcg gestodenein 21+7 mode
Generics: Lindinet-20, Gestarella
"Mirelle" -
15 mcg EE+ 60 mcg gestodenein 21+7 mode
*I’m surprised by its presence on the radar; until now I was sure that Mirelle had never been registered in our country
EE+CPA
Cyproterone acetate has a powerful antiandrogenic effect. Still considered the "gold standard". Other COCs that claim antiandrogenic properties are compared specifically with CPA.
It turned out that such a powerful antiandrogenic, and even more so, glucocorticoid effect is not always necessary, so Diane-35 moved into the category of a COC with a therapeutic and contraceptive effect with a dominant therapeutic effect.
"Diane-35" - 35 mcg EE + 2 mg CPA
in 21+7 mode
Generics: Erica-35, Chloe
EE+desogestrel
DZGL - desogestrel-containing COCs, passionately loved by Prof. Gevorkyan: desogestrel is metabolically neutral, the drugs are well tolerated and have long proven their reliability and safety. I won’t argue, if he wants, let Alfred Mück argue (Professor, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Natural Sciences, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Menopause at the Gynecological Clinic of the University of Tübingen in Germany). He, for example, believes and shows in experiments that desogestrel has both glucocorticoid and androgenic activity. By the way, this does not make the drugs worse - they are quite wonderful. The Organon company has sunk into oblivion, so we have a paradoxical situation - Regulon and Novinet are better known than the original Marvelon and Mercilon. Of course, this is the merit of the Gedeon Richter company, which, in principle, makes very worthy drugs, incl. contraceptives.
"Marvelon" - 30 µg EE+ 150 µg DZGLin 21+7 mode
Generics: Regulon
"Mersilon" - 2
0 µg EE+ 150 µg DZGLin 21+7 mode
Generics: Novinet
There are three drugs in this section that no one wants to copy yet.
"Silest" - 35 mcg EE +
250 mcgnorgestimate in 21+7 mode
Janssen-Cilag (Belgium) is a serious brand that was made a long time ago by a not very successful COC. Over my long practice, I have only had two patients to whom I recommended Silest and it worked perfectly. Other drugs did not provide good cycle control. The second niche for Silest may be bleeding during the use of the Evra contraceptive patch, if a decision is made to carry out hormonal hemostasis.
"Demoulin" - 35 mcg EE + 1 mg ethynodiol in 21+7 mode
This is my find today. The drug is a complete mystery to me. EitherSEARLE, USA, or Great Britain. According to ABC, the drug was deregistered in September 2004. Then I can be forgiven for not knowing it; in 2004 I was still spitting at an orange TV in Kharkov."Belara" - 30 mcg EE+ 2 mg CMAin 21+7 mode
A drug with a difficult fate. Once upon a time, Belaru was released by Grünenthal GmbH (Germany), but something didn’t work out for them there. CMA - chlormadinone acetate belongs to the very first generation of gestagens, synthesized in the 1960-70s of the twentieth century. The combination did not represent anything particularly valuable and ended up somewhere in the background. However, at the beginning of this century, the caring hands of the Hungarians from Gedeon Richter bought the rights for next to nothing and gave the drug a second life. Belarus is being promoted in every possible way. For several years we carried around with a unique antiandrogenic effect (see the picture above - a maximum of 20% of the CPA), studied the unusually beneficial and stimulating effect on libido, and found antidepressant effects. I won’t retell all this heresy, the drug is just a drug. They will find a niche for him.
Unsurpassed
COCs that contain endogenous estrogen instead of EE, or “natural” estrogen. There are two drugs on our market:
"Klaira" is a complex 4-phase combination of EV (estradiol valerate) + DNG in the 26+2 mode
"Zoeli" - 1.55 mg EG (estradiol hemihydrate) + 2.5 mg nomegestrol acetate in 24+4 mode
Both drugs are currently protected by a 10-year copyright; there are no others on the market yet.
I once endlessly talked about why this was necessary, but, as it turned out, not in LiveJournal. I found my little one, but unfortunately the illustrations fell off. If anyone is interested in this particular aspect, I’ll write
With all the diversity in the world of oral contraceptives, there are excellent combined (estrogen-gestagen) contraceptives on our market that do not need to be taken every day. Moreover, you don't need to drink them at all.
Contraceptive patch "Evra" - 1 patch per week 20 mcg EE + 150 mcg norelgestromin per day in 21+7 mode
Transdermal contraceptive system from Janssen-Cilag (Belgium) - convenient and simple, well tolerated. The scheme is extremely simple - once a week we apply a new patch, we go for 3 weeks with the patches, a week without. You can wash yourself in every way. The most common complaint is that lumps of dirt accumulate around the patch over the course of a week. Flight attendants love the patches.
Contraceptive ring "NovaRing" - 1 ring for 3 weeks 15 mcg EE + 120 mcg etonogestrel per day in 21+7 mode
Very old LNG (levonorgestrel-containing) COCs
These are the grandparents of modern COCs, which are still sold and, more surprisingly, still purchased by patients. The most deserved ones are high-dose ones. Each tablet contains 50 mcg of EE. Once upon a time this was a breakthrough.
"Ovidon" - 50 mcg EE+ 250 mcg LNGin 21+7 mode
"Non-Ovlon"- 50 mcg EE+ 1 mg norethisterone acetatein 21+7 mode
In order to reduce the total hormonal load, the first two-phase drug was released onto the market:
"Anteovin." Half of the tablets contained a combination of 50 μg EE + 50 μg LNG, the other half 50 μg EE + 125 μg LNG
It turned out that reducing the dose of LNG is not bad, but it adds almost nothing to the intolerability of the drug and the reduction in the frequency and severity of side effects. It was necessary to radically reduce the dose of estrogen. And this was completely successful by 1973.
"Microgynon" - 30 mcg EE+ 150 mcg LNGin 21+7 mode
Generics: Rigevidon, Oralcon
It wasn't long before the first micronized COC containing 20 mcg EE hit the market
"Miniziston" - 20 mcg EE+ 100 mcg LNGin 21+7 mode
It would seem that LNG-containing drugs are a thing of the past, but no. They are still reliable and safe. Each new drug in preclinical trials is compared with them in terms of its effect on hemostasis and metabolism.
Three-phase combinations:
Three-phase drugs turned out to be practically a dead-end branch. The main goal of creating these drugs was to reduce the total hormonal load. This was successful, but cycle control was slightly worse, and the rate of contraceptive failures was slightly higher.
"Triquilar" - 30 mcgEE + 50 mcg LNG x40 µgEE + 75 µg LNG x30 µgEE + 125 µg LNG
Generics: Tri-regol, Trigestrel
There is a modern 3-phase drug released by Organon containing desogestrel. They brought it to the market under the motto “for the treatment of acne.” This idea, as I remember, failed. Desogestrel, which has residual androgenic activity, is still not the best choice for the treatment of acne. At least not the first choice drug for sure.
"Tri-Mercy" - 35 mcgEE+50 mcg DZGL x30 µgEE+100 µg DZGL x30 µgEE+150 µg DZGL
For those who have overcome multi-books, a small bonus in the form of a magic question from online consultations)) Spelling and punctuation, as usual, are preserved.
" Hello. 3 days ago I had a curettage procedure done because of a varicose vein. The doctor prescribed OK for 6 months. I have varicose veins (a lot of venous networks on my legs). All instructions say that for varicose veins, OK is contraindicated because... cause the formation of a blood clot. The doctor said that my varicose veins are not the reason for refusing OCs (I didn’t look at my legs). Tell me what to do. Is it possible to protect myself with condoms or do I have to take OCs?"
A woman's body is like a complex mosaic. There is nothing random about it. The most important purpose of a woman is motherhood. When planning a new addition to the family, each of Eva’s granddaughters dreams that the period of pregnancy will go well and end with a calm birth. But if the expectant mother’s body lacks the hormone progesterone, the pregnancy may be terminated. To prevent a sad scenario, the doctor prescribes gestagenic drugs to the woman. The purpose of medications is to prevent the woman’s body from perceiving the fetus as something foreign.
Why does the female body need progesterone?
A healthy woman can live to an old age and not know how many positive functions the hormone progesterone performed in her body. After all, when there are no diseases, all natural situations that change the female body (menstruation, ovulation, pregnancy) seem to some people to be an everyday reality.
Usually, worries and hopes associated with progesterone arise in girls who are tormented by severe ailments before menstruation. A deficiency of this substance is also dangerous for women who want to conceive and safely carry a baby. Before prescribing gestagens to his patient, the gynecologist explains to her what tasks nature has assigned to progesterone.
Every month the following changes occur in the body of a healthy woman:
- A follicle forms in the ovaries.
- The first day of menstruation “opens” the estrogen phase. It lasts until ovulation.
- The next phase is called the progesterone phase (its duration is fifteen to sixteen days).
- In the ovaries, in the place vacated by a mature egg, a corpus luteum appears. This formation looks like a bag of yellow juice. In such a “cocoon” hormones are produced that will protect the newborn life from negative factors (maintain pregnancy). The most important hormone is progesterone.
If too little progesterone is produced, the intervals between periods may increase, and the discomfort and pain before menstruation may increase. If you notice undesirable changes in your health, you should visit a doctor. Perhaps to improve the situation “like a woman” you will need gestagens - artificially created analogues of progesterone.
The scenario repeats itself...
According to nature’s plan, a woman’s body should be ready for conception every month. Favorable conditions for pregnancy are created by progesterone.
Let us recall what functions the hormone performs:
- Helps transform the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium) so that a fertilized egg can develop unhindered.
- Strengthens the muscles of the uterus.
- Affects the consistency of the mucus found in the uterus. Under the influence of progesterone, the mucus becomes thick and forms a special “plug”. The purpose of the cork is to protect the delicate organ and what is contained in it from adverse external influences.
- Reduces the contractile activity of the fallopian tubes.
- Prepares the mammary glands to produce milk.
- Blocks increased “alarm signals” of the female body, which can harm the fetus.
In addition to all of the above, progesterone corrects metabolic processes in a woman’s body. Let's describe how this happens:
- The intensity of protein synthesis decreases.
- The level of sugar and fatty acids in the blood of a pregnant woman increases.
- The body rapidly accumulates substances useful for the unborn child.
Why do progesterone levels decrease?
A lack of progesterone in a patient’s blood can manifest itself in different ways. Some women complain that their periods have become scanty and irregular, while others become desperate due to unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child. To determine the hormonal status of a particular woman, the gynecologist prescribes a set of examinations, including a blood test from a vein. Based on the research results, the specialist can judge the nature of hormonal “disruptions” in the patient’s body. Patients who have been diagnosed with progesterone deficiency in the blood are asked why it arose.
We list situations due to which a woman’s progesterone production can be significantly reduced:
- Inflammatory process in the uterus or ovaries.
- Decreased pituitary gland function.
- Thyroid diseases.
- Excessive physical activity (sports, hard work).
- Long-term use of birth control pills.
- Pregnancy following IVF.
- Too strict diet.
When do gestagens help a woman?
If a woman's body undergoes unwanted changes due to hormonal deficiency, the only way to correct the situation is to offer the body a progesterone substitute. And such substitutes exist. These are gestagens. Gynecologists know many cases when only gestagens can normalize the patient’s condition.
Let's list the situations:
- Rare periods.
- Severe premenstrual syndrome.
- Inability to get pregnant.
- Fibrocystic mastopathy.
- Preparing a woman’s body for the in vitro fertilization procedure.
- Menopause, complicated by significant ailments (dizziness, “drops” in blood pressure, fever).
- Benign neoplasm in the uterus (fibroids).
“Cocktail” of hormones – for harmony
As already mentioned, miscarriages occur in patients due to progesterone deficiency. About thirty years ago, it was almost impossible to make up for the lack of the “life-changing” substance. Although medicine began to use gestagens in the early 1970s, their effect on the body of patients was ambiguous. Therefore, it is difficult to call the first progesterone analogues effective. Among the side effects of “old” gestagens are severe conditions of the pregnant woman and fetal malformations.
Modern drugs are created taking into account all the weaknesses, needs and characteristics of the female body. If you have been prescribed gestagens, you should not be afraid that these medications will change the body in an undesirable way.
The production of progesterone in the female body is closely related to the production of another important substance - estrogen. If the patient's gonads do not create these hormones, negative changes can affect not only the woman's menstrual cycle, but also the appearance of her breasts and skin condition. The gynecologist’s task is to select the “right” drug with estrogens and gestagens for the patient.
There are many cases where estrogens and gestagens helped women get rid of infertility and gently stimulated labor during post-term pregnancy. Combined medications are often prescribed to women who have a difficult menopause. Hormonal drugs eliminate such depressing conditions in mature patients as hypertension, hot flashes, and osteoporosis. The type of medication and its required dose are prescribed to women by the doctor.
Pills or injections?
People who are far from medical knowledge are often interested in what form women are prescribed gestagens in - in tablets or ampoules.
If a patient is pregnant and the doctor sees a risk of miscarriage, he will advise the woman on special injections. Progestin will not be effective in tablet form. The thing is that natural gestagens are quickly broken down in the liver. The only way to influence a pregnant woman’s body is through injections.
For women who want to overcome infertility, doctors sometimes prescribe synthetic gestagens (in tablets). Moreover, the drugs that the woman will take are created for contraception. “Why take birth control pills if you already have problems conceiving?” - you ask. It is not that simple. In some cases, hormonal-based oral contraceptives help stabilize ovarian function. After stopping the pills, a woman's chances of conceiving a child increase.
New "strategy" of contraception...
Medicine resorts to the help of gestagens not only when there is a need to preserve the fetus. The use of substances can prevent unwanted pregnancy. High-quality synthetic gestagens are the main component of birth control pills. The purpose of the drugs is to block ovulation and make conception impossible.
The pill regimen is complex. If you are unable to take progestin pills daily and take breaks, the effectiveness of the contraceptive will decrease.
For forgetful people and those ladies who often go on business trips, the doctor may recommend gestagen injections. The first injection is given to a woman once every sixty days. The patient gives the next four injections with the same frequency. Then the regimen for taking the drug changes: the injection is administered no more than once every three months.
What young girls should think about...
It is worth noting that the effectiveness of injections with gestagens is high. But such drugs are “generous” in terms of side effects. Some patients suddenly began bleeding after a gestagen injection. Moreover, they had nothing to do with menstruation. Blooming girls who decided to resort to this method of contraception noted that their appetite noticeably increased after the injections. This situation continued with excess weight.
Injections containing gestagens are not suitable for women who are planning to give birth to a baby in the near future. Therefore, when agreeing to the contraceptive option described, prepare yourself for the fact that you will be able to get pregnant no earlier than one and a half to two years after stopping the drug. The body will not immediately be able to restore the ability to ovulate (the cumulative effect of gestagens is triggered). Gynecologists usually recommend injections with hormones to adult women who already have children. It is advisable for young ladies to refrain from such strict contraceptive measures.
How does progestogen work under the skin?
Not only injections and pills, but also hormonal implants have proven themselves to be effective contraception. These implants are no larger than a matchstick in size. This “miracle stick” is injected under the skin of the shoulder of a girl who wants to avoid pregnancy. The procedure lasts sixty seconds. When implanting an implant, specialists use local anesthesia.
The duration of the implant with gestagen is three years. After time, the “match” is removed from under the patient’s skin, and the woman’s reproductive capabilities are revived. Hormone-containing implants rarely cause women excess weight and bleeding. But some patients who have had the “miracle wand” implanted under the skin experience headaches, acne, and infrequent menstruation. A woman may develop a lump in the mammary gland.
After the subcutaneous contraceptive is eliminated, the unwanted conditions will disappear. Gestagens from implants do not “accumulate” in the body, so women do not have problems with conception.
International name:
Dosage form:
Pharmachologic effect:
Indications:
Gestanin
International name:
Pharmachologic effect:
Indications:
Gestanon
International name: Allylestrenol
Pharmachologic effect: A gestagenic agent, stimulates the secretory phase in the myometrium, creates conditions for the development of a fertilized egg, promotes the preservation...
Indications: Miscarriage (habitual and threatening), premature birth (threat).
Gormofort
International name: Hydroxyprogesterone
Pharmachologic effect: An analogue of the corpus luteum hormone - gestagen, causes the transition of the uterine mucosa from the proliferation phase (regulated by follicular hormone) ...
Indications: Habitual and threatening miscarriage (in the first half of pregnancy), amenorrhea, polymenorrhea, uterine cancer, breast cancer, the need for surgical intervention on the pregnant uterus (due to insufficiency of the corpus luteum).
Gravistat
International name:
Dosage form: dragee
Pharmachologic effect: Synthetic gestagen with contraceptive effect. Increases the viscosity of cervical mucus, which interferes with the advancement of sperm. Depressing...
Indications: Contraception as an additional drug in women using non-hormonal methods, as well as in the presence of contraindications to the use of estrogen-gestagen drugs.
Depo-Provera
International name: Medroxyprogesterone
Dosage form: suspension for intramuscular administration, tablets
Pharmachologic effect: A gestagen that has a long-lasting effect when administered intramuscularly and does not have androgenic and estrogenic activity. Suppresses secretion...
Indications: Contraception, especially in women of late reproductive age, endometriosis, differential diagnosis of primary and secondary amenorrhea, ...
Duphaston
International name: Dydrogesterone
Dosage form: tablets, film-coated tablets
Pharmachologic effect: A gestagenic agent that has a selective effect on the endometrium, promotes the formation of normal secretory endometrium in women...
Indications: Infertility caused by luteal insufficiency; gestational insufficiency (habitual and threatened abortion, dysmenorrhea), endometriosis; secondary...
Levonova
International name: Levonorgestrel
Dosage form: intrauterine therapy system
Pharmachologic effect: Contraceptive gestagenic agent. Levonorgestrel as part of an IUD has a direct local effect on the endometrium, causing its temporary...
Indications: Contraception (long-term), menorrhagia, prevention of endometrial hyperplasia during estrogen replacement therapy.
Livial
International name: Tibolone
Dosage form: pills
Pharmachologic effect: A gestagenic agent, it also has anabolic and weak androgenic activity, stabilizes the hypothalamic-pituitary system after the cessation of...
Indications: Menopause (natural or due to oophorectomy); menopausal osteoporosis (prevention).
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