Antiseptic solution. Antiseptics (antiseptics). Description of the dosage form

Treatment of open wounds with antiseptic solutions is included in the list of first aid measures and largely affects subsequent healing. Antiseptics for cuts, pricks and scratches help remove possible dirt and pathogens. This ensures the prevention of purulent infections, which lead to various complications and significantly lengthen the recovery period.

Photo 1. Antiseptics are needed to kill germs on damaged skin. Source: Flickr (Quinn Dombrowski).

General rules for the treatment of wounds

With extensive or deep skin injuries, you need to seek professional medical care, but a small wound can be treated on your own. In such a case, there should always be several antiseptics in the home medicine cabinet. In addition, it is imperative to observe sequence and processing rules:

At first wound necessarily washed with water, if possible - with soap. Soapy water is a good antiseptic by itself, especially for small cuts.
In the second step, a suitable antiseptic solution... Which one is right depends on the nature and location of the damage. For example, alcohol products on mucous and delicate skin (near the eyes) cannot be used.
The third step is superimposition, which protects against the entry of pathogenic microbes into the wound.

If the wound is small, no additional measures usually need to be taken, since it quickly heals itself. It is better to show deep damage to a specialist: you may need prophylactic and therapeutic agents for healing.

Antiseptics and Wound Medicines

The choice of antiseptic agents in pharmacy chains is very large. When buying a drug in your home medicine cabinet, you should take into account its effectiveness and safety. In addition, all antiseptics are divided into 2 large groups: alcohol-based and water-based... Alcohol makes the solution more effective, but the aqueous solution does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes, so it is advisable to have two products on hand at all times.

Zelenka

Or brilliant green - the most famous antiseptic, which is a solution of dyes on alcohol.

For disinfection of wounds, it can be used literally from birth, for example, the treatment of the umbilical wound in the maternity hospital is carried out using brilliant green. Means efficient and very affordable.

Care is required so that the agent does not fall on the wound surface, so as not to provoke a burn or intoxication. Regularly, until granulations appear in it, signaling the beginning of healing.

Contraindications are limited only by individual intolerance.

Iodine

Another, which is a chemical element dissolved in alcohol, iodine. It has antimicrobial action against many pathogens and effectively prevents the development of infection.

Like brilliant green, iodine only the edges of the damage need to be processed.

You should not abuse the remedy - it can provoke a chemical burn with frequent application and contact with the wound itself, this is fraught with prolonged healing of the wound surface due to burns and the formation of scars. Contraindicated in pregnant women, as well as in persons with kidney disease, pyoderma, acne, furunculosis, tuberculosis.

Photo 2. You need to use iodine carefully, applying it to the edges of the wounds. Source: Flickr (Kenga86).

Hydrogen peroxide

An excellent remedy for treating wounds in first aid, because allows you to wash the very wound surface and mucous membranes without fear of irritation.

In addition, when it comes into contact with biological fluids, it foams, thus flushing out all impurities and already dead cells. When purchasing a product at a pharmacy, it should be borne in mind that only a 3% solution is used to treat wounds... More concentrated (6%) irritates tissues and is intended exclusively for sterilization of medical instruments.

Note! It is contraindicated to use peroxide to disinfect already healing wounds, since it negatively affects the forming scar, destroying young epithelial cells.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate

Chlorhexidine aqueous solution with an active ingredient concentration of 0.5% possesses bactericidal activity against viruses, pathogenic bacteria and some fungi.

Used not only for primary treatment of the entire wound surface, but also during the healing phase, accelerating it, as well as for the treatment of purulent wounds.

It has no contraindications, it is a component of various topical antimicrobial agents (gels, suppositories).

Miramistin

The most effective antimicrobial agent, used not only for treating wounds.

An aqueous solution containing 0.01% of the active ingredient, destroys almost all pathogenic bacteria(including highly resistant nosocomial strains), various viruses and mushrooms.

The drug is completely non-toxic, so it is not contraindicated even for pregnant women and children. It does not cause discomfort when used. Effective in the treatment of purulent wounds, promotes tissue regeneration.

Potassium permanganate

Until recently, it was freely sold in pharmacies, and the solution had to be prepared independently by adding a few crystals to the water.

Now a ready-made product is being sold, which is used for washing and treating wounds.

It is important! Requires special care in use, since it cannot be combined with some medications. For example, in combination with peroxide, it causes severe chemical burns.

The bactericidal effect is present only before the evaporation of the solution, therefore after drying, it is recommended to additionally use other antiseptics to protect against infection.

Povidone iodine

The active substance is active iodine bound by polyvinylpyrrolidone, which provides more mild antiseptic action.

In an ordinary solution, iodine is very active and has many contraindications, and PVP makes it safe. Does not contain alcohol, is available in the form of a 10% aqueous or 7.5% foaming solution, as well as suppositories and ointments.

Shown for complete treatment of aseptic and purulent wounds, and extensive - only at the edges. The limitation is associated with the ability to penetrate the wound surface into the bloodstream and have a systemic effect. Contraindicated in diseases of the thyroid gland.

Fukortsin

The alcohol solution contains active compounds such as

phenol, which has a bactericidal effect;
boric acid is a weak antiseptic;
resorcinol - antifungal and antimicrobial agent;
fuchsin - a dye with an antistaphylococcal effect;
acetone - as a solvent.

The wound with fucorcin is treated several times a day with a cotton swab, while the irritating effect of the antiseptic is briefly manifested - a burning sensation is felt.

Active against fungi and bacteria.

Note! For pregnant and lactating women, the drug is contraindicated due to the content of phenol and resorcinol, which have a class 2 toxicity.

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Chemical antiseptic preparations are used in therapeutic and prophylactic actions to destroy microbes and viruses in the wound.

Antiseptics act on microorganisms with bactericidal and bacteriostatic substances. For the treatment of the wound surface, such drugs are used that have a detrimental effect on the microflora, but do not affect human cells and tissues.

Basic drugs

Even the smallest scratches, abrasions, cuts need to be treated. Wounds that were treated immediately after injury or in the first 2 hours heal faster than untreated ones.

It is necessary to treat both deep wounds and minor ones. Any splinter, puncture, abrasion can serve as an entrance gate for the penetration of microorganisms. It is also necessary to handle open fractures, burns, frostbite, especially if earth, sand, pieces of clothing, glass and others get into the wound surface.

Antiseptics for treating wounds and surrounding tissues affect bacterial, fungal, viral and mixed microflora. In addition, they act on anaerobic microbes, tubercle bacillus, and other microorganisms.

The most common antiseptics can speed up or slow down wound healing, depending on which phase of the wound process they are used in. Therefore, each antiseptic solution, powder, spray has a specific role for proper use. Next, consider a list of the main antiseptics for treating wounds.

Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide or peroxide, chemical formula H2O2, has an antiseptic, that is, disinfecting effect. In medical practice, a 3% solution is used to treat wounds.

When interacting with the enzyme peroxidase, complex compounds are formed, as a result of the reaction, a large amount of foam is released.

The resulting foamy liquid has the following effect in the wound:

Softens blood clots;
Washes out purulent contents;
Removes dead cells;
Separates damaged tissue from living surfaces.

Shallow and small wounds are not treated with peroxide, since this agent can not only affect microorganisms, but also living cells.

A softened wound heals more slowly, and after healing, scars form. For high-quality treatment of complex, deep, especially purulent wounds, hydrogen peroxide has a great advantage over other antiseptics.

Furacilin

The tool is used for external antibacterial treatment of the wound surface. Furacilin is used for frostbite and burns, for disinfection of small abrasions and cracks, as well as for softening old dried-on dressings.

There are several forms of furacilin release:

Alcohol 0.067% solution;
Aqueous 0.02% solution;

Furacilin tablets - contains Nitrofural 20 mg;
Furacilinovaya 0.2% ointment;
Furacilin paste.

All forms of release change only externally. The drug acts on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, protozoa. Some pathogenic microorganisms acquire resistance to Nitrofural.

Ethanol

One-component antiseptic is applied at 70% concentration. It is used to treat the edges of the wound or postoperative sutures, the wound itself, as well as mucous membranes, cannot be treated with alcohol.

The microbial activity of ethyl alcohol is widely used for disinfecting the hands of a surgeon, medical instruments, and for storing suture material.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate

The tool is used to remove pathogenic microflora, it is used externally for treating wounds, for impregnating antiseptic wipes, it is used to treat the operating field and the hands of medical personnel before surgery.

Also, the drug is used to prevent infectious processes in the period after surgery. When applied to the surface, no pain occurs.

Miramistin

The drug is used to provide first aid for non-extensive and shallow injuries without critical blood loss to prevent infection from entering the wound.

Miramistin does not cause allergic reactions, it is permissible to use it for injuries on the skin, as well as for injuries of mucous membranes.

The drug disinfects well, destroys various viruses and bacteria, prevents inflammation, purulent processes, wound healing occurs faster.

Potassium permanganate solution

The drug is a dark crystals of potassium permanganate. An aqueous solution of potassium permanganate is used to treat wounds. For this, a small amount of crystals is dissolved in warm water until a light pink hue is obtained.

The resulting solution must be filtered through several layers of gauze to remove undissolved crystals.

The finished product is used to treat the edges of the wound and the circumference around, excluding contact with the wound surface. At home, a light pink solution of potassium permanganate is most often used to soak and remove dried-on dressings.

Iodine alcohol solution

The solution contains molecular iodine in its composition, the concentration of the active substance is 5%. It is intended for external use, it is treated with the edges of the damaged area, as well as postoperative sutures. In addition to bacteriological, the agent has a cauterizing and tanning effect.

The solution cannot be used to treat open areas; to prevent infection, only the skin around the wound is treated.

Iodine solution cannot be used:

With thermal burns;
With frostbite;
For the treatment of chemical damage to the skin.

Rubbing the damaged area with a solution causes unpleasant sensations, currently WHO recommends Miramistin, Chlorhexidine or their analogues for use. They do not cause pain when lubricated or burns after application.

Zelenka

This drug is used for open wounds and closed skin lesions.

Zelenka or brilliant green is available in the form of a 1% or 2% solution:

Currently, the pharmaceutical industry offers brilliant green in the form of a marker that allows you to easily apply the product to the skin and accurately treat the damaged area. Also available are bactericidal patches containing impregnation of the solution in a low concentration.

Fukortsin

Fukortsin solution has a fungicidal and antimicrobial effect. The drug contains boric acid, resorcinol, acetone, phenol is used as an auxiliary agent.

The cherry red color of the product is due to the presence of a synthetic dye fuchsin. Often the drug is called Castellani paint.

Fucorcin solution is used:

For the treatment of superficial wounds;
For the treatment of fungal wounds, erosions;
To prevent infection of cracks, scratches;
With pustular skin lesions.

In case of herpes infection, the antiseptic Fukortsin dries and disinfects the surface, and also prevents the further spread of the virus, accelerates the healing of wounds after the bubbles disappear.

So that the solution does not cause overdrying and tightening of the skin, after the antiseptic dries, ointments or creams are additionally used to moisturize the skin.

Antiseptic spray for wounds

Antiseptics in the form of aerosols deserve special attention. The antiseptic spray for wounds is more convenient to use, since it does not come into contact with the injured area. Antiseptics in the form of a spray are actively used to treat burn wounds.

The names of the most popular and effective antiseptic sprays:

Antiseptics in powder form

An antiseptic in the form of a powder is used to treat superficial purulent wounds, bedsores, skin ulcerations. They have astringent, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal effects, the dry form relieves swelling, reduces the amount of mucus, dries up, prevents the formation of purulent secretions.

It is not very convenient to use drugs in powder form, therefore, in pharmacies, they are used to prepare pastes, ointments, solutions, compresses for application to the skin. These antiseptics include: Collargol, Ethacridine, Protargol, Resorcinol, Phenol.

Pure powder is used in the form of powders only for the treatment of purulent wounds.

Solutions and ointments based on powders in small concentrations of 0.2-2% have an epithelizing effect, in the form of lotions and compresses they are applied to weeping foci for regeneration and elimination of the inflammatory process.

In higher concentrations, 5-10% solutions, ointments have a keratolytic and cauterizing effect.

Contraindications to the use of powder products are deep wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions and intolerance to the components of the drug.

Possessing a good antimicrobial effect, antiseptic solutions have long been used not only in medical institutions, but also as a necessary drug in a home medicine cabinet. They are mainly used for local external disinfection of surfaces and wounds. Also, in some cases, pharmaceutical antiseptic solutions act as an additional agent in the treatment of purulent inflammation.

Antiseptic solutions for treating wounds

To cleanse fresh and treat inflamed wounds, the following solutions are most often used:

Hydrogen peroxide 3%. Can be used on wounds and mucous surfaces. Not recommended for healing and scar tissue.
Furacilin solution. It is sold in pharmacies, both in finished form and in the form of tablets for self-preparation of the solution. It can also be used to treat mucous surfaces by washing.
Alcohol solution from 40% to 70%. Used to treat the surface around open wounds. Not suitable for mucous membranes.
. When using it, not only microbes are destroyed, but also some bacteria, fungi, viruses.
Potassium permanganate solution (potassium permanganate). The powder is diluted in boiled water or saline. Suitable for treating purulent and fresh wounds.
Iodine solution and brilliant green. With their help, the edges around the damage to the skin are processed; on an open wound, these substances can provoke a burn.
Fukortsin. Least used antiseptic solution for external use. Suitable for the treatment of edges and tissues around wounds on the skin and mucous surfaces.

Antiseptic solutions for the oral cavity

For antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity with solutions in dental clinics and as a further prophylactic agent, the following are used:

Corsodil. A drug containing chlorhexidine.
Eludril. In addition to chlorhexidine, it contains a combination of chlorobutanol, sodium docusate and chloroform.
Etonium 0.5%. Effective for infection with staphylococci and streptococci.
Hexoral. This solution, in addition to antiseptic properties, has an enveloping and deodorizing effect. Helps fight fungal infections.
Dimexide. Has antiallergic and antiviral activity.
Bicarmint. The tablets of the drug are independently diluted in water.

Eye solutions

Antiseptic solutions are included in most, helping to cope with inflammation. The most famous:

Okomistin. Miramistin-based agent that suppresses the growth of bacteria;
Vitabact. Suitable for use after ophthalmic surgery, eye injuries, as a medicine for various types of conjunctivitis.

In addition, antiseptic solutions are available in lens care fluids and Artificial Tear drops.

LP-005831

Trade name:

Medical antiseptic solution

International non-proprietary or group name:

Dosage form:

concentrate for solution preparation for external use

Composition:

Active substance:
ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 95% - 100.0 ml.

Description:

transparent colorless mobile liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

antiseptic

ATX code:

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics
Antimicrobial agent, when applied externally, has an antiseptic effect (denatures proteins of microorganisms). Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and viruses. Antiseptic activity increases with increasing ethanol concentration.
To disinfect the skin, a 70% solution is used, which penetrates into the deeper layers of the epidermis better than a 95% solution, which has a tanning effect on the skin and mucous membranes.
Pharmacokinetics
When applied externally, it is absorbed from the surface of the skin and mucous membranes into the systemic circulation. It is metabolized in the liver with the participation of the isoenzyme CYP2E1, of which it is an inducer.

Indications for use

It is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in the treatment of the initial stages of diseases (boil, panaritium, mastitis); when treating the surgeon's hands (Fürbringer, Alfred's methods), the operating field (including in persons with hypersensitivity to other antiseptics, in children and during operations on areas with thin skin in adults - neck, face).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Carefully

Pregnancy, breastfeeding period, childhood.

Application during pregnancy and during breastfeeding

Special studies of the use of the drug during pregnancy and during breastfeeding have not been carried out. During pregnancy and during breastfeeding, it is used only if the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus and child.

Method of administration and dosage

Outwardly, in the form of lotions, compresses, rubdowns.
For treatment of the operating field and preoperative disinfection of the surgeon's hands, a 70% solution is used; for compresses and rubdowns (to avoid burns), it is recommended to use a 40% solution.
A 95% solution should be diluted to the required concentrations and used as indicated.

Side effect

Allergic reactions, skin burns, flushing and soreness of the skin at the site of application of the compress.
When applied externally, it is partially absorbed through the skin and can have a resorptive general toxic effect (depression of the central nervous system).

Overdose

It causes a characteristic alcoholic excitement, in large doses it inhibits the functions of the central nervous system.

Interaction with other medicinal products

When used simultaneously with preparations for external use that contain organic compounds, it can cause denaturation of protein components.

special instructions

When used externally, ethanol is partially absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, which must be taken into account when using it in children, pregnant women and during lactation.
Do not use near open flames.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles, mechanisms

The drug used as a solution for external use does not affect the ability to drive vehicles or engage in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions. With prolonged use in high doses, the drug may be absorbed into the systemic circulation, which must be taken into account when driving transport and mechanisms. Release form

Concentrate for preparation of solution for external use 95%.
100 ml in orange glass vials, sealed with perforated aluminum caps. A self-adhesive label is attached to each bottle. Each bottle, along with instructions for use, is placed in a cardboard box.
40 vials with an equal number of instructions for use are placed in a corrugated cardboard box (for hospitals).
5.0, 10.0 and 21.5 liters in polyethylene canisters made of low-pressure polyethylene. Each canister is supplied with instructions for use (for hospitals).

Shelf life

5 years. Do not use after the expiration date.

Storage conditions

At a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C, in a well-sealed container, away from fire.
Keep out of the reach of children.

Vacation conditions

Dispensed by prescription.

Marketing Authorization Holder / Consumer Claims Organization

LLC "Alliance", 192019, St. Petersburg, st. 2nd Ray, 13, pom. 13

Manufacturer

LLC "Armavir Interdistrict Pharmacy Base".

Production site addresses:
1) 352900, Krasnodar region, Armavir, st. Tunnel, 24
2) 174360, Novgorod region, Okulovsky municipal district, urban settlement Uglovskoye, der. Berezovka, bldg. 75 A.

Antiseptic solution is a volatile liquid that is highly flammable. It is characterized by a specific smell. Ethanol is the active principle. Mixes well with water, chloroform. Volume concentrations are determined in degrees, weight - in percent. The antiseptic solution is stored in a cool place, in a tightly sealed container. The shelf life of the drug is up to five years. It must be used no later than the date indicated on the package.

Antiseptic solution: mechanism of action. When administered locally, ethanol is irritating. When applied to the skin and mucous membranes, there is a feeling of coldness, which changes with burning, followed by hyperemia. This action first occurs reflexively, and then by the direct influence of ethanol on the capillaries. The irritation of the receptors is changed by the inhibition of their sensitivity, as a result of which its analgesic (analgesic) effect is also manifested.

When taken orally in 5-10% concentration, the aseptic solution activates the secretion of the gastric glands; in higher concentrations inhibits the secretion of gastric juice, but stimulates the secretion of mucus, without significantly affecting the motility of the stomach and intestinal motility. 70-90% ethanol provokes the development of a strong rarefaction with the release of a large amount of mucus. Antiseptic solution in moderate concentrations restores dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

When applied to the wound surface or after subcutaneous administration, ethanol in 70% and higher concentrations can cause due to the ability to easily take away cellular water, which leads to coagulation of proteins. This explains its bactericidal effect. Medical antiseptic solution of 95% concentration does not destroy microorganisms, since it only acts only superficially. The antimicrobial effect is most pronounced in 50-70% alcohol solutions.

Medical antiseptic solution: indications for use. Alcohol is easily absorbed by the mucous membranes, with 20-40% in the stomach, 60-80% in the intestines. appears in about twenty minutes. The resorptive effect is similar to that of drugs. After absorption, the drug is evenly distributed in the tissues, where it is partially oxidized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase with the release of a large amount of energy. However, most of the ethanol is excreted from the body unchanged through

For alcoholic anesthesia, distinct stages are characteristic, especially the stage of arousal. It should be said that, unlike other drugs, this stage manifests itself in full consciousness. The spectrum of the narcotic action of ethanol is narrow, therefore it is very dangerous to use it for complete anesthesia. For example, in human blood, the physiological norm is the ethanol content of 4 mg per 100 ml; intoxication of varying degrees is manifested at a concentration of 20 to 200 mg. per 100 ml, coma - at 400 mg / 100 ml and more, death occurs at a concentration close to 700 mg / 100 ml. Under the influence of alcohol, heat production decreases and heat transfer increases, which can lead to hypothermia of the body. In this case, breathing becomes shallow due to the oppression of the respiratory center, the pulse quickens, the blood pressure decreases due to the expansion of peripheral vessels.

External application of an aseptic solution provides action. When alcohol acts on a microbial cell, proteins are denatured and coagulated. This drug exhibits bacteriostatic action against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as viruses. In surgical practice, it is used for the operating field and hands, in pharmacy - for the preparation of extracts and infusions.