Can a cyst cause bleeding? What is the danger of bleeding with an ovarian cyst. Emergency measures for bleeding

02.07.2017

An ovarian cyst is a tumor-like formation that is formed due to excessive secretion of fluid by the gland, or blockage of the excretory canal. One of the possible complications that may appear in this case is bleeding from an ovarian cyst. All women who are diagnosed with this disease should know what to do in this case, as well as the reasons for this situation.

When an ovarian cyst develops, it may rupture, leading to bleeding. Moreover, each type of formation has its own specific nature of complications. To understand why a cyst ruptures, as well as what consequences this brings, it is worth analyzing each type of pathology separately.

A similar type of anomaly appears in the female body when there is a hormonal disorder. In size, such pathologies reach 13 cm in diameter. Moreover, such an ovarian cyst may disappear on its own over time when the hormonal levels in the body normalize. When the anomaly was re-identified in a woman, this will indicate the presence of an incorrect balance of hormones. As for those cysts that did not resolve on their own within several cycles, they are already called persistent.

If a cyst ruptures, this is accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen. There may also be nausea and bouts of vomiting, general weakness and a slight body temperature. If the rupture occurs in an ovarian vessel, then the appearance of hemorrhage in the ovary is characteristic. When a sudden rupture occurs, the integrity of the tissues of the organ itself is disrupted.

With endometriotic formation

This pathology occurs due to the growth of tissues where endometrial cells have entered. The fact is that such tissues, entering the ovary, remain there throughout the menstrual cycle, after which they are released during menstruation. When an abnormal development of the formation occurs, peculiar adhesions appear that will connect the ovary with nearby organs.

After the cystic formation reaches a size of more than 10 cm, a cavity appears in it where thick dark blood will be located. In this case, bleeding during menstruation will be stronger and longer than usual, and before it starts there is a possibility of spotting. Sometimes women complain that the uterus is bleeding, which occurs approximately in the middle of the menstrual cycle. This makes them wonder if it could be due to a ruptured cyst.

If there is one, its contents will also enter the abdominal cavity, which will cause an increase in body temperature, the skin will begin to acquire a pale tint, and drowsiness and fatigue will appear. In addition, when a ruptured ovarian cyst with hemorrhage is present, women will experience low blood pressure, as well as severe and sharp pain in the lower abdomen.

For paraovarian tumor

Such a formation has completely smooth walls, having a thickness of only a few millimeters. Inside such an anomaly there is an epithelial lining, and the contents themselves are transparent and contain protein, as well as mucin. Such an ovarian cyst is supplied with blood through the fallopian tubes, as well as through the vessels located in the walls of the formation.

Due to excessive loads, such a formation may rupture. In addition, there are often cases when this happens arbitrarily. In this case, pus and lymph usually accumulate inside. Therefore, when such contents enter directly into the peritoneum, the patient’s temperature rises significantly, up to 39 degrees, intoxication of the body occurs, and severe pain develops in the lower abdomen. As for the manifestation of a cyst with hemorrhage, it consists of extremely strong and sharp pain and a state of shock.

For dermoid tumor

Such pathologies are congenital, and they are also classified as benign. They include fatty, muscle, and nervous tissue; in some cases, there are fragments of hair or teeth inside such an anomaly. The cause of bleeding of such a formation is only the torsion of its legs that occurs when the blood flow is disrupted.

Because of this, the capsule ruptures, after which the entire contents penetrate into the abdominal area. However, this situation is extremely rare, due to the fact that such an ovarian cyst more often develops into a malignant form than twists.

Emergency measures

Sometimes it can begin even without a rupture of the pathology, so only timely treatment can help avoid the consequences. When the doctor suspects a rupture of the anomaly, the patient is immediately hospitalized. In an inpatient setting, she will be diagnosed and the amount of blood lost will be determined, after which a treatment plan will be prescribed.

The initial stages of pathology are usually treated using conservative methods, and in the case of bleeding, specialists try to carry out surgical intervention.

Laparoscopy

For this it is used. During this procedure, a partial dissection of the organ occurs. In addition, when there is a chance of malignancy of the pathology, or a large amount of blood has been lost, then laparotomy is used. This will remove the patient from a state of shock and return the body to the ability to independently maintain dynamic balance.

It is important to note here that laparoscopy is a more gentle type of operation than laparotomy. The first option involves cutting off only the damaged part of the ovary, and the second involves its complete removal. If peritonitis occurs due to hemorrhage, then anti-inflammatory as well as hormonal drugs are prescribed.

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Julia asks:

Can an ovarian cyst bleed?

An ovarian cyst can bleed if the integrity of the blood vessels is disrupted. Endometrioid cysts formed by endometrial tissue are especially prone to bleeding; they are sensitive to hormonal changes around the onset of menstrual bleeding.

The contents of such cysts consist of an accumulation of menstrual blood. If such a cyst bursts, blood from it can flow into the lumen of the fallopian tubes (then intermenstrual bleeding appears) or into the pelvic cavity (this situation requires surgical intervention).

Find out more on this topic:

Laparoscopy of the ovaries (removal of a cyst, fallopian tube or the entire ovary, etc.) - advantages, description of types of laparoscopy, indications and contraindications, preparation and progress of the operation, recovery and diet, reviews, price of the procedure
Pain in the ovaries - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

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Cystic ovarian formation is a benign tumor. Its formation occurs as a result of disturbances in the secretion of fluids. One of the complications of the disease is bleeding from an ovarian cyst. This pathology occurs when a tumor ruptures, which can lead to peritonitis. With this outcome, immediate medical attention is required. As the cyst grows, bleeding from the vagina may occur. Bleeding of varying profuseness occurs with hemorrhagic cysts. In this case, hemorrhage occurs only after the tumor becomes malignant. An equally dangerous type of tumor is endometrioid formation. It has a complex structure and may burst.

For treatment, it is necessary to know each type of cyst, the causes and consequences of bleeding.

Occurs during the process of cyst rupture. The nature of the hemorrhage depends on the type of cystic formation. This type of cyst is formed as a result of hormonal imbalance in the body. The size of the cysts varies from one to thirteen centimeters. A peculiarity of this type is its independent resorption after restoration of the body’s hormonal balance. If the formation occurs again, it can be assumed that the cause of hormonal imbalance is a cystic formation. If the cyst does not resolve after 20-40 days, it is called persistent.

Symptoms of follicular bleeding

Main symptoms:

When a tumor ruptures in the lower abdomen, a sharp and severe pain is felt. The pain reaches such intensity that the patient can only be in a supine position. This pathology is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, weakness and fever. If there is a rupture in the vessel, bleeding will occur directly in the ovary, peritoneum, or in organs located in the pelvis.
When a cyst suddenly bursts, damage to the ovarian tissue occurs. You need to know that when a cyst ruptures, the patient will experience a state of weakness or shock. This depends on the amount of blood loss and the size of the tear. When there is bleeding in the peritoneum, the skin becomes pale, tachycardia increases and blood pressure drops.
When a right ovarian cyst ruptures, the cause is intensive growth of the follicular system. Often the patient herself is to blame for the bleeding that begins. Vigorous sex and heavy physical exertion provoke rupture of the cystic tumor. When a tumor grows, it does not rupture in all cases. Sometimes the hemorrhage is “hidden”. It is not visible due to a number of any symptoms. The patient does not even know that the cyst has burst; after some time, everything resolves.

If this type of tumor ruptures and bleeding begins, drug therapy is prescribed or surgical intervention is recommended. The choice of treatment depends on the amount of blood, the patient’s condition, and the degree and severity of the hemorrhage.

Endometrioid cyst

Appears when cells enter the cyst tissue. It is growing. Present throughout the premenstrual cycle and leaves during menstruation. When fluid flows through the cyst and peritoneum, adhesions occur. They connect the ovary and abdominal tissue to nearby organs.

At the beginning of their appearance, cysts of this type do not bother the patient. In general, the development and growth of cystic formations is slow. When adhesions occur, slight discomfort may be felt, localized in the lower abdomen. There are sharp pain sensations moving to the rectum area.

When the cystic tumor is ten centimeters in size, a cavity appears with blood of a thick consistency and purple color. With such a cyst, menstrual-type hemorrhages are characterized by copious discharge and a long course. Before and after menstruation, spotting may occur. They last for 2-5 days. In special cases, bleeding in the uterus may occur in the middle of menstruation.

If the cyst bursts, the chocolate-colored contents end up in the peritoneum. The process is accompanied by symptoms such as fever, weakness, pale skin color, and the woman becomes drowsy. Low blood pressure and acute pain in the lower abdomen are also noted.

Paraovarian cyst and bleeding

An oval cyst with smooth, thin walls. The inside of the tumor is lined with epithelium. The formation consists of a transparent liquid that includes the components of protein and mucin. The blood supply occurs thanks to the vessels located on the walls.

The cause of the rupture is heavy physical activity or a sudden change in location. Capsule rupture can occur arbitrarily. There is an outpouring of pus and lymph that was in the cyst into the peritoneum. As a result, the temperature rises to thirty-nine degrees Celsius. The body is poisoned and acute pain occurs, localized in the lower abdomen. The patient also experiences severe pain and shock.

Dermoid cystic formation

Such a cyst is a benign tumor. It consists of adipose, muscle and nervous tissue.

Regardless of the slow growth, the increase occurs in a stable manner. Growth occurs through continuous cell division. Often, it is this type of formation that degenerates into a malignant tumor. Based on this fact, doctors generally offer surgical treatment.

Bleeding may occur due to torsion of the pedicle of the cystic formation. This process is fraught with rupture, as a result of which the entire contents of the cyst enter the abdominal cavity. But such an outcome is rare, since more often cysts of this type develop into oncology faster than a rupture occurs. If the cyst does not burst as a result of torsion, inflammation may occur and develop into peritonitis.

Signs and complications of bleeding

If bleeding or discharge occurs that is accompanied by pain, you must immediately call an ambulance. It should be remembered that large blood loss is dangerous to human life.

Also, if you have the following symptoms, you should consult a doctor for help:

nausea, vomiting;
sharp pain;
bloating;
rapid decrease in blood pressure;
impaired consciousness;
dizziness;
heat;
pale skin;
cyanosis of the skin.

Self-medication of cystic formation is fraught with dangerous complications, including death.

Complications arising from bleeding:

inability to bear children;
large blood loss;
inflammation;
infection of the circulatory system;
in rare cases, death.

By seeking medical help in a timely manner, complications can be avoided.

Diagnosis of bleeding from a cyst

There are many options for diagnosing the disease:

Complaints and history of the woman.
Manual examination by a gynecologist allows you to detect a tumor near the ovaries, determine their soreness and mobility.
Ultrasound – thanks to the echoscopic image of organs located in the pelvis, it is possible to detect a cystic formation and monitor its condition over time.
Tissue sampling will detect the presence of blood in the peritoneum.
Laparoscopy is a method that can be used to detect and remove a cyst, as well as perform histology to determine the type of formation.
Determine tumor marker. A high content of this type of marker indicates the transition of the formation to a malignant tumor. But it is worth remembering that in the reproductive phase, indicators increase against the background of endometriosis and inflammatory processes.
MRI, CT are accurate diagnostic methods that can be used to determine the location, structure, size and contents of the tumor.

Treatment of bleeding from cystic formations

Often hemorrhage occurs due to tumor rupture. At the slightest suspicion of this type of pathology, doctors hospitalize the woman. In a medical institution, through diagnostics, the diagnosis is confirmed and the necessary type of therapy is selected.

The mild stage of cystic formation is treated with medication. If complications such as hemorrhage are present, surgery is prescribed. Laparoscopy is mainly used to stop blood loss. This type of surgery involves a small incision in the ovary.

If there is a risk of tumor degeneration into oncology and large blood loss, laparotomy is used. With this type of operation, the patient is brought out of shock and all vital signs are restored. Of these two types, laparoscopic surgery is the most delicate, since only the part of the ovary that is damaged is removed.

Remember that in addition to surgery, additional treatment procedures are prescribed. They prevent the appearance of adhesions. Such complexes are called physiotherapeutic.

As a result of bleeding when an inflammatory process occurs, drugs that relieve the inflammatory process are prescribed. In special situations, treatment with hormones is prescribed. If there is significant blood loss, the woman is given a blood transfusion.

A functional cyst may appear intermittently, depending on the course of the normal menstrual cycle. With well-chosen treatment with hormones, recurrence of the disease can be avoided.

Endometrioid cysts also tend to reappear, but this depends on the result of the operation and the effectiveness of concomitant therapy.

Formations of the dermoid type do not tend to reappear. Upon completion of drug treatment or surgery, successful conception is possible.

Prevention

To prevent bleeding from an ovarian cyst, patients with a history of this type of disease should remember the following preventive measures:

Regular examinations and monitoring of the condition by a gynecologist.
Timely treatment of inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system.
Follow the prescribed treatment and recommendations. Which were prescribed by the gynecologist.
Do not overload the body with heavy physical exercise.
When planning to conceive, you should consult a doctor. You can get pregnant with a cyst, but you need to register with a medical institution.

It is important to remember that timely adoption of measures to prevent bleeding will avoid a number of irreparable complications.

Ovarian cyst- a volumetric liquid formation that is part of the ovaries, small paired organs located on both sides of the uterus, which produce an egg every month. Ovarian cysts are especially common in women of childbearing age. Some types of ovarian cysts are completely normal and completely harmless, they disappear on their own, without any treatment or outside intervention, but there are also abnormal cysts that pose a danger to a woman’s health and affect her ability to have children.

Because the ovarian cystosis Often discovered during a pelvic examination, it is very important to have regular preventive examinations with a doctor. This is especially important if you notice symptoms of ovarian cysts, if you have previously been diagnosed with ovarian cysts, or if you are over forty years old (at this age the risk of ovarian cancer increases). By identifying ovarian cysts at an early stage, many complications can be prevented.

Types of ovarian cysts and causes of their occurrence

Cyst- a fluid-filled growth, similar in structure to a blister. Some cysts form as a result of the normal process of ovulation - the monthly release of an egg from the ovary. Abnormal cysts often appear as a result of hormonal imbalance (the balance of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries).

Functional cysts

The most common type of ovarian cyst is functional cysts. A functional cyst is formed from a cyst-like structure that is usually produced by the ovaries during the process of ovulation. If this cyst-like structure does not undergo the normal development cycle and does not dissolve, a functional cyst is formed. As a rule, functional cysts are asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Usually they stop growing, then gradually shrink and disappear without a trace after two or three menstrual cycles. Functional cysts are especially common among women of childbearing age, and are less common in menopausal women who have stopped menstruating.

Other types of cysts

Functional cysts are completely normal, so they need to be distinguished from abnormal cysts. Other, abnormal types of ovarian cysts cause complications and require treatment:

* Dermoid Cyst: A cystic growth filled with different types of tissue, such as hair and skin tissue.

* Cystic adenoma: a cyst arising from cells on the outer surface of the ovaries

* Endometrioma(limited growth of endometrial tissue): endometrioma is sometimes called an endometrial or “chocolate” cyst (due to the dark, reddish-brown color of the blood filling the cyst)

* Polycystic ovarian disease: a collection of follicular cysts that cause the ovaries to enlarge and form a hard outer lining that interferes with ovulation.

Symptoms

Although most ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, in some cases there is a dull pain in the abdomen or a pressing sensation of fullness. Ovarian cysts can cause pain during sexual intercourse and at other times. If severe pain occurs, hospitalization is necessary.

Abdominal pain and pressure can be caused by a number of factors:

* Bleeding or rupture of the cyst and resulting irritation of the abdominal tissues

* Large cyst size

* Twisting of the cyst, disrupting blood flow to it

Irregular, painful periods later than usual are a common symptom of ovarian cysts. An increase in size or bloating of the abdomen may also indicate the presence of ovarian cysts.

Diagnostics

Ovarian cysts are most often discovered during a standard ultrasound of the pelvic organs, which is performed as part of a routine medical examination or in connection with another disease not related to gynecology. Pelvic ultrasound can detect cysts at an early stage, before they become too large, before the cyst ruptures or twists, i.e. before pain or other symptoms appear. If a cyst is accidentally discovered, the doctor prescribes other examinations to confirm the presumptive diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on several factors, including the size and type of cyst, the woman's age and general health, her reproductive plans (whether she plans to have children in the future), and the presence and severity of symptoms. If a cyst is detected at an early stage, treatment is reduced to a minimum.

If a cyst is found to be small in size and not causing pain or other unpleasant symptoms, your doctor will likely recommend delaying treatment for two to three menstrual cycles to make sure the cyst does not resolve on its own. Most functional cysts disappear without any treatment two to three months after they appear.

In some cases, your doctor will prescribe hormone therapy (such as birth control pills) to shrink the size of the cyst. Because oral contraceptives prevent ovulation, functional cysts are very rare in women taking birth control pills. Although birth control pills have no effect on other types of benign cysts, they do provide some protection against cancerous growths. Taking oral contraceptives also reduces the likelihood of new cysts forming, again by preventing ovulation.

Some types of ovarian cysts are not responsive to treatment with oral contraceptives. In this case, the cyst is removed by surgical excision.

Bloody discharge from an ovarian cyst is one of the most common symptoms of the pathology. The intensity of the discharge can vary - from slight spotting to obvious bleeding from the genital tract. The severity of symptoms depends on the type and size of the cyst, the duration of the disease and other factors. It happens that uterine bleeding is associated with another concomitant pathology and has nothing to do with the formations of the appendages.

The appearance of bloody vaginal discharge of any intensity is always a reason to consult a doctor. Often this symptom becomes the first in a series of all manifestations of the disease. As the cyst grows, pain in the lower abdomen and dysfunction of the pelvic organs may appear. Some hormonally active cysts cause infertility, others have the ability to degenerate into cancer. All this once again emphasizes the importance of clinical examination in case of bleeding against the background of ovarian pathology. The sooner education is assessed, the greater the chances of a favorable outcome of the disease and preservation of a woman’s reproductive health.

Why does an ovarian cyst bleed?

The appearance of bloody discharge from the genital tract is associated with hormonally active ovarian formations:

Follicular cyst. It arises from a follicle that has not gone through all stages of development and has not reached ovulation. It is a thin-walled cavity filled with a transparent liquid. Can reach large sizes, but more often remains within 8-10 cm. Tends to regress on its own within three months;
Corpus luteum cyst. Formed in the luteal phase. It occurs mainly in adult women with an established menstrual cycle. It grows slowly, rarely reaching significant sizes. Capable of disappearing on its own. Is a frequent companion of pregnancy;
Endometrioid cyst. It represents foci of the mucous layer of the uterus located outside it (heterotopia). Can reach large sizes. It often turns out to be bilateral. Accompanies infertility. Spontaneously regresses during pregnancy and with the onset of menopause.

Schematic representation of different types of ovarian cysts.

It is these cysts that can bleed and even cause full-blown uterine bleeding. Much less often, other hormonally active ovarian formations become the cause of unpleasant symptoms.

On a note

When internal hemorrhages occur in the cavity of the cyst, it is called hemorrhagic. This is not a separate pathology, but the result of the development of functional and other formations of the ovary. Treatment of hemorrhagic cysts is only surgical.

It is important to understand: during an initial examination with a doctor, it is impossible to determine the type of cyst. During palpation of the appendages, the doctor feels only a round formation and assumes that it is some kind of tumor. Ultrasound examination also does not always allow an accurate diagnosis. The type of cyst can be finally determined only after its removal and histological examination of the material. Therefore, with regard to vaginal bleeding - the first symptom of pathology - it makes sense to talk generally about ovarian formations, without going into detail.

The type of formation and its composition is determined only by histological examination.

Why do ovarian cysts cause spotting, often turning into bleeding? The reason is that such formations contain fluid rich in hormones. The existence of a tumor of the appendages changes the natural hormonal background of a woman and disrupts the processes occurring in the reproductive organs. Against the background of such changes, there is periodic uneven rejection of the endometrium - the mucous layer of the uterus. A woman feels this as the appearance of spotting - slight discharge from the vagina. If endometrial shedding continues or intensifies, full-blown bleeding occurs.

Cyclic processes in a woman’s body involve not only regular rejection, but also an increase in the mucous layer of the uterus. With ovarian cysts, this mechanism also fails, and the endometrium grows unevenly. Excessive formation of glandular tissue is possible, which also leads to spotting and bleeding.

It is important to know

Hormonally active ovarian cysts cause premature puberty in girls, uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age and menopause.

Depending on the hormonal activity of the cyst, the amount of discharge also changes.

Characteristics of vaginal discharge in ovarian pathology

Cystic formations of the appendages can give various symptoms:

Discharge in the middle of the menstrual cycle is characteristic of follicular cysts. In most cases, this is a slight smear of pale pink or scarlet color. Often, a woman does not even notice the discharge and only learns about it when she stains toilet paper or napkins (during hygiene procedures). As blood loss increases, daily thin pads may be required to protect underwear. If a woman is forced to use absorbent pads (two drops or more), we are talking about full-fledged uterine bleeding;
Spotting scarlet, brown or light brown discharge a few days before menstruation occurs with endometriotic formations. They are accompanied by the appearance of moderate nagging pain in the lower abdomen. Discharge may persist after menstruation.

Corpus luteum cyst rarely produces acyclic bleeding and is more often manifested by prolongation of menstruation.

You can tell a lot about an ovarian cyst by the color of the discharge. According to reviews and comments from women, with this pathology pink, scarlet or brown discharge is most often observed. Blood clots give them a black color - and they also indicate increased bleeding. White copious discharge is not typical for an ovarian cyst and indicates a concomitant pathology.

Changes in the menstrual cycle and the risk of uterine bleeding

Before talking about pathology, it is worth getting an idea of the norm:

The menstrual cycle in a healthy woman lasts from 21 to 35 days;
Duration of menstruation - 3-7 days;
Discharge during menstruation is moderate (on the days of the heaviest discharge, absorbent pads are changed no more often than every 2-3 hours);
Minor discomfort is possible, but there is no severe pain during menstruation;
Menstruation comes regularly, no acyclic discharge is observed.

Any deviation from the norm should be considered as a sign of a gynecological disease. First of all, ovarian cysts should be excluded, as well as hyperplastic processes of the reproductive organs - the most common causes of cycle failure.

Hormone activity during the normal menstrual cycle.

The nature of the discharge during menstruation will depend on the form of the pathology:

Follicular cysts lead to disruption of the menstrual cycle. There is a delay in menstruation for an indefinite period - from 3 to 30 days. After the delay, profuse and painful bleeding from the genital tract appears. This nature of menstruation is associated with excessive growth of the endometrium during this period and its subsequent rejection. Heavy periods can lead to uterine bleeding, requiring surgery;
Luteal cysts are accompanied by a long delay in menstruation with subsequent bleeding. The pathology is successfully disguised as intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy. As with pregnancy, breast engorgement and other dubious signs of gestation appear against the background of a corpus luteum cyst. Luteal formation can also occur during a normal pregnancy;
Endometrioid cysts lead to prolongation of menstruation and the appearance of severe pain in the lower abdomen. Menstruation usually comes on time, but becomes heavy.

On a note

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurs in 10% of women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite the similar name, this pathology has nothing to do with tumor-like formations of the appendages. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a severe endocrine disorder associated with changes in menstrual function and leading to infertility.

Main symptoms of PCOS.

Bleeding during the development of complications and their dangerous consequences

Bloody discharge from the genital tract may be a sign of cyst rupture - a special case of apoplexy. This condition can be provoked by violent intimacy, sudden movements and turns, physical activity, sports and abdominal injuries. The likelihood of cyst rupture increases during pregnancy and after surgery.

The clinical picture will depend on the intensity of bleeding. With moderate discharge, the woman’s general condition does not suffer too much. Pale skin and cold sweat are noted. Pain occurs in the lower abdomen, radiating to the lower back and gluteal region. Bloody discharge usually stops as the pain subsides.

Excessive blood loss leads to tachycardia and decreased blood pressure. Dizziness, nausea and vomiting are noted.

Bloody discharge can also occur when the pedicle of the ovarian cyst is torsed - scant or moderate. Intense bleeding is not typical for this pathology.

Alarming symptoms:

Gradual increase in vaginal discharge;
Increasing pain syndrome;
A sharp decrease in blood pressure;
Confusion and loss of consciousness.

Such signs indicate ongoing blood loss and require immediate medical attention.

Severe bleeding with an existing ovarian cyst requires emergency medical care.

Approaches to diagnosis and treatment

If bloody discharge from the genital tract appears, you must:

Contact a gynecologist. During the examination, the doctor will assess the nature of the discharge and conduct a bimanual examination. An ovarian cyst is defined as a mobile round or oval formation in the projection of the appendages. Pain on palpation indicates a rupture of the capsule or torsion of the pedicle of the formation;
Conduct an ultrasound examination. On ultrasound, tumor-like formations of the ovaries are clearly visible. When the cyst capsule ruptures, free fluid is detected in the pelvic cavity.

Further tactics will depend on the results of the examination and the identified pathology.

Follicular and luteal cysts are prone to spontaneous regression, so in the absence of complications, gynecologists are in no hurry to operate. Dynamic observation for 3 months is indicated. After the specified period after the next menstruation, a control ultrasound is performed. With a high degree of probability, the functional formation will go away after menstruation, and the unpleasant symptoms will stop.

This is what a follicular ovarian cyst looks like on ultrasound.

Regarding drug therapy for functional ovarian formations, gynecologists have not reached a consensus. Two options are allowed:

Observation without the use of medications. Justified for asymptomatic small cysts or against the background of the appearance of minor acyclic discharge from the genital tract, moderate pain in the lower abdomen;
Hormonal therapy for 3 months. For treatment, combined oral contraceptives are used - drugs that inhibit the growth of the cyst and lead to its regression.

If the cyst does not go away within three months and the symptoms of the disease persist, surgical treatment is indicated. Either cyst removal or ovarian resection is performed. In advanced situations, when there is no healthy tissue left, removal of the entire organ is indicated - oophorectomy. If technically possible, all manipulations are performed laparoscopically. In other situations, abdominal surgery (laparotomy) is performed.

Laparoscopic removal of ovarian cyst.

First aid for bleeding due to an ovarian cyst:

Provide the woman with complete peace;
Put cold on your stomach: a heating pad or a bottle of ice water, ice cubes wrapped in a cloth. Exposure should not last more than 15 minutes. Cold promotes vasospasm and stops bleeding;
Offer fluids as needed. Eating is not recommended - bleeding may be an indication for surgery under anesthesia.

If heavy bleeding from the genital tract appears, you must call an ambulance. It is not recommended to take any medications before the team arrives. Hospitalization is carried out on a gurney. Further treatment will be carried out in the gynecological department after the examination.

In the hospital, the following drugs help stop bleeding:

Hormonal agents. Combined oral contraceptives are used in high dosages with a gradual dose reduction. This tactic is more often used for juvenile bleeding (in adolescents);
Hemostatic drugs: Vikasol, Dicynone, calcium gluconate, etc. In the first days, hemostatic agents are prescribed by injection, then switched to tablet form.

In cases of severe uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age and menopause, therapeutic and diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity is indicated. During the procedure, excess endometrium is removed and the discharge ends. The resulting material is necessarily sent for histological examination to the laboratory. Sometimes the cause of bleeding is not an ovarian cyst, but a concomitant pathology of the uterus.

Do I need to remove an ovarian cyst if it bleeds? For moderate discharge, conservative therapy is acceptable. If symptoms increase, you should not refuse surgical treatment: the consequences of bleeding can be unpredictable. Only timely therapy can avoid the development of complications and preserve the woman’s health.