Lunar pain can be caused by the protruding sharp edges of the hole, traumatizing the mucous membrane located above them. The sharp edges of the alveoli are most often formed after a traumatic operation, as well as after the removal of several adjacent teeth or a single tooth (due to bone atrophy in adjacent areas). The pain appears 1-2 days after tooth extraction, when the edges of the gums above the hole begin to approach. Bone protrusions injure the mucous membrane of the gums located above them, irritating the nerve endings located in it. The pain is worse when chewing and when you touch the gums. You can distinguish this pain from pain with alveolitis by the absence of inflammation in the area of the hole and the presence of an organizing blood clot in it. When palpating the hole with a finger, a protruding sharp edge of the bone is determined, a sharp pain occurs.

To eliminate pain, an operation is performed - an alveolectomy, during which the sharp edges of the hole are removed. Under conduction and infiltration anesthesia, an arcuate or trapezoidal incision of the gums is made and a muco-periosteal flap is peeled off the bone with a raspor. The protruding edges of the hole are removed with bone nippers. Bone irregularities are smoothed out with a cutter. The wound is treated with an antiseptic solution. The detached soft tissues are placed in their original place and strengthened with knotted catgut sutures.

Exposure of the alveoli area. As a result of trauma to the gums during tooth extraction, a defect in the mucous membrane of the alveolar process may form. There appears a bare, not covered with soft tissues area of the bone, causing pain during thermal and mechanical irritation. The exposed area of the bone must be “bitten off” with bone pliers or cut with a bur. The wound should be closed with a mucoperiosteal flap or gauze soaked in an iodoform mixture.

6. Tasks to clarify the topic of the lesson:

6.1. Tests:

Option number 1

1. Describe the clinical picture of alveolar neuritis:

a) constant aching pains that do not subside at night, a decrease in all types of sensitivity in the gums, the absence of inflammation in the hole and surrounding tissues

b) constant excruciating pain, radiating along the branches of the trigeminal nerve, the mucous membrane around the hole of the extracted tooth is hyperemic, edematous, in the hole a dirty gray clot with a fetid odor

c) twitching pains in the socket of the extracted tooth, radiating along the branches of the facial nerve

2. As a result of damage to the trunk of the lower alveolar nerve occurs:

a) pain in the hole

b) bad breath

c) violation of sensitivity in the area of half of the lower lip, chin skin and teeth

3. List the signs characteristic of hole osteomyelitis:

a) constant aching pains that do not subside at night, a decrease in all types of sensitivity in the gums, the absence of inflammation in the hole and surrounding tissues

b) severe pain radiating along the branches of the trigeminal nerve, pronounced syndrome of general intoxication, edema of the soft tissues of the face, edema and infiltration of the mucous membrane of the alveolar process in the affected area, purulent fusion of a blood clot in the socket of the extracted tooth

c) constant excruciating pain, radiating along the branches of the trigeminal nerve, the mucous membrane around the hole of the extracted tooth is hyperemic, edematous, in the hole a dirty gray clot with a putrid odor

4. Long-term local complications after tooth extraction surgery include:

a) anuresis

b) myositis

c) collapse

d) neuralgia

e) osteomyelitis

5. In what forms can alveolitis occur ?:

a) in the form of a "dry hole" or osteomyelitis of the hole

b) only in the form of a "dry hole"

c) in the form of acute, chronic and recurrent

d) only in the form of osteomyelitis of the hole

6.For the treatment of alveolitis, can turunda treated with antiseptic ointments be used ?:

a) you can always

b) it is possible if hydrophilic ointments are used

c) cannot be used

d) it is possible, but in combination with drainage devices

7.To stop bleeding with increased vascular permeability, it is necessary to prescribe:

a) aminocaproic acid or amben (pamba)

b) rutin or askorutin

c) phytomenadione or vicasol

d) clonidine, raunatin

8.Long-term local complications after tooth extraction surgery include:

a) anuresis

b) myositis

c) collapse

d) neuralgia

e) alveoloneuritis

9.Name the immunocorrectors that prevent the formation of antibodies to VIII and IX factors:

a) prednisolone, hydrocortisone

b) cryoprecipitate

c) counterbalance, gordox

d) erythromass

e) albumins, globulins

10.Specify the distinctive local signs of osteomyelitis of the hole from alveolitis:

a) subperiosteal infiltrate along the periphery of the extraction socket

b) purulent fusion of the clot

Option number 2

1.Long-term complications of a local nature after the operation of tooth extraction in the upper jaw include:

a) anuresis

b) myositis

c) collapse

d) sinusitis

e) neuralgia

2. Give a correct description of the alveolitis:

a) constant excruciating pain, radiating along the branches of the trigeminal nerve, the mucous membrane around the hole of the extracted tooth is hyperemic, edematous, in the hole a dirty gray clot with a fetid putrid odor

b) constant aching pains that do not subside at night, a decrease in all types of sensitivity in the gums, the absence of inflammation in the hole and surrounding tissues

c) pronounced syndrome of general intoxication

d) severe pain with irradiation along the branches of the trigeminal nerve

3. Choose the tactics of treatment of alveolitis:

a) local anesthesia, periostotomy, anti-inflammatory, hyposensitizing, vitamin therapy, physiotherapy

b) local anesthesia, washing the hole with a warm solution of antiseptics, curettage of the hole until bleeding appears, anti-inflammatory, hyposensitizing therapy, physiotherapy

c) sanitation of the oral cavity, the appointment of analgesics, sedatives, vitamins B, C, physiotherapy

4. If the alveolitis proceeds in the form of a "dry hole", then it is shown:

a) curettage of the tooth socket

b) coagulation of the walls and bottom of the hole

c) loose tamponade of the hole with an iodoform tampon

d) turunda with Vishnevsky ointment

e) mechanotherapy.

5.Acute forms of alveolitis are:

a) serous and purulent-necrotic

b) purulent and purulent-necrotic

c) serous and hypertrophic

d) catarrhal and purulent

6.Long-term local complications after tooth extraction surgery include:

a) anuresis

b) myositis

c) collapse

d) neuralgia

e) alveolitis

7. Should be distinguished what form of chronic alveolitis?

a) chronic purulent alveolitis and hypertrophic alveolitis

b) rearing and ossifying alveolitis

c) simple chronic alveolitis

8.Hemophilia is a group of common hemorrhagic diathesis caused by hereditary:

a) low platelet count

b) deficiency of factors VIII or IX

c) increased fibrinolytic activity of the blood

d) increased blood pressure

e) low blood calcium

9.Specify the distinctive signs of osteomyelitis of the hole from alveolitis:

a) severe general intoxication syndrome

b) severe pain with irradiation along the branches of the trigeminal nerve

c) subperiosteal infiltrate along the periphery of the extraction socket

d) purulent fusion of the clot

10.During menstruation, how does blood clotting change ?:

a) does not change

b) decreases c) increases

The process of tooth extraction is rather unpleasant, as it always causes severe pain and discomfort. But the torment does not end there, because a hole remains in the place of the extracted tooth, which can hurt and even bleed for several days after the procedure. But this does not cause any fears exactly until the moment when a white bloom appears in the hole. What should be the treatment after tooth extraction? What is the norm and what should be alarming? About all the details of the processes taking place after tooth extraction in the presented article.

The reasons for the formation of white plaque in the hole

If there is something white in the socket of the extracted tooth, you should not panic right away, because this may be a simple protective reaction of the body. Quite often, white plaque in the gum area is created from the protein of the coagulating blood system and is a natural dressing that blocks the access of various harmful microorganisms and protects the area affected after tooth extraction from injury.

But this does not always happen, and in the socket of the extracted tooth, white plaque can form as a result of a violation of the healing process. In the first and second cases, the raids, although white, are quite different from each other. Unfortunately, it will be quite difficult for an ordinary person to identify this difference. Therefore, basic knowledge of the healing process will help to timely identify pathology, if any.

As a result, it can be noted that the formation of white plaque in the hole can be triggered by the following factors:

normal healing process;
alveolitis - an inflammatory process;
the presence of sharp edges at the very hole;
defective tooth extraction.

Features of proper healing of the hole

The retention of the dental root in the hole occurs due to the periodontal ligament, and blood vessels and nerves penetrate through the apical opening into the dental cavity. After the extraction of a tooth, blood clots form in its place, which protects the bone walls from various kinds of infections and are sources for the formation of new bone.

Around the dental neck at this time there is a circular ligament, in the process of contraction of which the inlet in the hole narrows.

In this case, saliva plays an important role, since it contains such a stabilizing element as fibrin.

is a protein that is formed during blood clotting. During the occurrence of a blood clot, a partial release of fibrin to the surface occurs, therefore, a white plaque forms at the mouth of the hole after the tooth extraction procedure is performed. In other words, this plaque is a natural dressing that prevents the blood clot from coming into contact with the infected mouth. About a week after the tooth extraction procedure, an epithelial barrier forms, and the white plaque gradually dissolves.

Many believe that after the formation of the barrier of the epithelium, the process of complete healing has already taken place, but this is not entirely correct. The erroneous opinion is due to the fact that in addition to the appearance of the epithelial barrier, regenerative processes must end, and they last from three to six months. You can see the photo after tooth extraction in the article. As you can imagine, the healing took place without any complications.

Well appearance rate

How long does a tooth heal after extraction? On the first day, the hole may swell a little; points from the needle, which was injected with the anesthetic drug, are visible on its surface. The blood clot has a dark burgundy color, its consistency resembles jelly. The clot is completely located in the hole or even rises slightly above it.

After a day, a white bloom forms on the hole, and its mouth narrows slightly. Puffiness, as a rule, persists or even increases slightly.

And then how does the tooth heal after extraction? In the period from three to seven days after the procedure, there is still a white plaque on the well, while the swelling decreases, and the mucous membrane of the oral cavity returns to its normal color. Due to the release of fibrin from saliva and the formation of new epithelial tissue, the hole is almost invisible. And after ten to fourteen days, complete healing occurs after tooth extraction.

Features of the development of alveolitis

Have you removed a tooth, is there something white in the hole? This may be a signal that alveolitis is progressing. The development of the inflammatory process in the hole can be triggered by the following reasons:

In case of poor oral hygiene or in the presence of an inflammatory process in the oral cavity or ENT organs.
If a tooth was removed during the acute course of periodontitis, harmful microorganisms may appear from the periodontal focus.
Due to the lack of bleeding from the hole during the use of anesthetics containing adrenaline. As a result, the formation of a blood clot does not occur, and the hole remains open for bacteria to penetrate.
Flushing out or tearing off a blood clot while eating.

As a rule, the development of the inflammation process begins on the third or fourth day after the tooth extraction procedure. The manifestations of inflammation begin with swelling of the gums, painful sensations are present when touching it. It is worth noting that the pain does not disappear anywhere, it is constantly present, and in the process of eating it can even intensify. Plaque is formed, its color, unlike plaque during normal healing of the hole, is not so white, it can rather be called yellow or grayish. An unpleasant odor arises, a person may taste pus in the mouth.

If a blood clot is washed out or falls off, then everything looks a little different here. Painful sensations appear on the third or fourth day, there is swelling and redness in the gum area. The well outwardly resembles a depression in a circle, of which the white gum is located. Inside the hole, you can see the remaining particles of the blood clot and gray plaque.

Alveolitis treatment

If the above signs appear, you should immediately contact the dentist, it is preferable that this is the doctor who performed the extraction of the tooth, since he already knows the clinical picture.

After examining the hole, the dentist will select one of the following treatment methods:

Conservative type. It consists of treating the hole with an antiseptic and applying medical dressings to the affected area. For oral administration, drugs are prescribed that suppress the process of inflammation and antibiotics. In the role of local therapy, the treatment of the well with a mixture of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide is quite often used. When these funds are combined, a chemical reaction occurs, during which foam is formed, which carries the remaining particles of the infected tissues out of the hole.
Surgical type. All infected tissues are removed from the hole mechanically, then this area is treated with an antiseptic, and a new blood clot is formed in its place. In addition, the use of antibiotics is essential.

The presence of sharp edges at the hole

Have you removed a tooth, is there something white in the hole for a rather long period? During the healing of the hole, the following processes occur - the formation of bone and the appearance of the mucous membrane. In this case, from the very beginning, the bone must be protected by a blood clot or gum. If such a situation develops, in which one of the walls of the hole rises above the others or has a sharp edge, it cuts through the forming mucous membrane and protrudes into the oral cavity. This makes it unprotected.

In turn, the unprotected walls of the hole can provoke the appearance of a sharp edge or alveolitis.

A similar pathology can be detected a few weeks after the tooth extraction procedure, if at the end of this period a white, dense and sharp point is still visible in the hole, then this is not normal.

How to get rid of the sharp edge of the hole?

If the section of the wall of the hole, which stands out in the oral cavity, is small in size, then you can try to remove it by your own efforts. In others, the situation will require a fairly simple operation.

Injecting the patient with local anesthesia, the doctor will move the gums in the area of the prominent fragment of the wall and remove it using forceps or a drill, possibly stitching.

Manifestations of incomplete tooth extraction

Inadequate tooth extraction quite often provokes the appearance of alveolitis, but in the case of a strong immune system and high-quality oral care, the inflammatory process may not occur.

It is worth noting that the remainder of the tooth can be seen only 2-4 days after the procedure for its removal, since the retreat of the gums occurs only after the formation of a white plaque.

What to do in case of defective tooth extraction?

First of all, you need to visit the dentist in order for him to complete the tooth extraction procedure. For complete confidence in the success of the procedure, it is recommended to ask the doctor for a referral for an X-ray, where it will be finally visible whether the tooth has been completely removed or not.

Features of behavior after the tooth extraction procedure

It should be understood that if all the rules of behavior are observed after the extraction of a tooth in the hole, something white will be the norm for just a few days and the likelihood of developing an inflammatory process is significantly reduced.

Among the basic rules of behavior after tooth extraction, the following are distinguished:

If, at the end of the procedure, the doctor gave a tampon soaked in an anesthetic or antiseptic, then it should be kept in the mouth for about half an hour.
The day after tooth extraction, you should not try to remove the blood clot in any way.
You should not try to feel the hole with your tongue.
During the day after the procedure, it is forbidden to draw in any liquids, for example, a drink through a straw.
It is advisable not to eat for 2-3 hours after tooth extraction.

These basic rules are the key to a normal healing process if you have a tooth removed. Something white in the hole won't bother you!

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How does the hole normally look after tooth extraction?

From the second day after extirpation (removal), recovery processes begin. The wound is gradually covered with epithelial tissue, under which bone formation occurs. An important point is that the socket after tooth extraction must be filled with a blood clot. Determining its presence is easy. It differs significantly in color from the surrounding tissues. In its absence, the symptoms of a "dry hole" appear. As a result, an inflammatory focus may form.

At the very beginning, the wound is covered with a white coating. In no case can you eliminate it yourself. However, there are some diseases in which this symptom appears. If, in addition to it, pain grows after a day, swelling of the surrounding gums has formed and the body temperature rises, you should immediately seek help from a dentist. Such signs indicate that inflammation of the hole has appeared.

To understand how the hole looks normally after the operation, you need to know what should not be:

profuse bleeding;
severe pain after 24 hours;
pronounced inflammatory process;
swelling of the gums;
increased body temperature;
headaches and ailments.

Healing stages

If a blood clot has formed and is firmly fixed, this is already a good indicator of the regeneration process. This is what a normal wound should look like.

During the first 2-3 days, almost everyone complains of a painful reaction. To eliminate it, it is enough to take painkillers orally or treat the wound area with a similar gel. Local treatment in the form of rinsing with antiseptic drugs will prevent or eliminate the pathological process that has begun.

Stages of socket healing after tooth extraction proceed as follows:

1 day ... There is swelling of the surrounding tissues, spreading soreness, and the formation of a blood clot.
Day 3 ... The presence of pronounced processes of epithelialization of soft and hard tissues is determined. Postoperative symptoms are reduced, there is no bleeding, and swelling is significantly reduced. The wound during this period is usually covered with a white coating. Sometimes the hole looks like this after removal and after a week.
Day 5 ... There are significant changes in the area of the blood clot. It is gradually being replaced by granulation tissue. The edges of the wound surface are covered with a young layer of the epithelium. There are practically no unpleasant sensations.

Day 8 ... Traces of a blood clot remain deep in the hole. The hole after tooth extraction is completely absent. During this period, the maturation of the newly formed bone tissue begins.
Day 14 ... Complete epithelialization of the wound is observed. Its cavity is filled with granulation tissue, the bone is actively restored.
Day 30 ... Full-fledged bone tissue is determined by the lateral surface. The center of the socket is covered with mature epithelium, but hard tissue in this area is in the process of recovery.
After 3 months ... The bone is saturated with minerals. The recovery is almost complete, but some areas of the alveolar ridge show foci of osteoporosis on the x-ray.
For 5-6 months ... If healing took place without complications, this is the most optimal time for implantation. The osteogenesis processes are completed, the hard tissues of the wound site are practically indistinguishable from the surrounding intact bone.

Three months on average is how long the hole heals after tooth extraction. These stages of regeneration are the norm and do not take into account the terms of rehabilitation in case of complications. If any pathology joins, then time is also spent on its therapy.

Possible complications

Usually, a wound formed after tooth extraction heals for a long time when pathogenic microorganisms enter it. This is not always the doctor's fault. Most often, the problem arises from non-compliance with the rules of behavior by the patient himself.

In addition, the inflammatory process can form if the removal was carried out against the background of already existing infectious foci of the oral cavity. In fact, this is a contraindication for tooth extirpation. But often the operation has to be performed urgently to avoid more serious complications. Then the patient should more carefully follow all the recommendations of the dentist in order for the healing to be successful.

How much the wound surface heals, even a doctor cannot say for sure. Each person's recovery processes are individual.

The main problems that can appear due to tooth extraction are as follows:

Alveolitis ... Its main symptoms are increased pain in the area of surgery, bad breath, constant bleeding from the wound. Against this background, an increase in body temperature, general weakness, malaise, and headaches appear. The complication is dangerous because in a short time it can turn into a more serious disease, such as osteomyelitis of the alveolar process. The success of treatment in this case will largely depend on a timely visit to a doctor.
Inflammation of the gums ... Usually occurs against the background of traumatic removal, with the loss of a blood clot or the presence of a "dry hole". The wound is gradually filled with purulent exudate, fibrous or granulation tissue. The gums are very edematous, sometimes even throbbing, bleeding and hurting. The cause of this pathology can be cystic formation. With periodontal inflammation, it is localized at the edge of the gingival surface. During the extirpation of the teeth, the cyst is usually removed with them. If it remains in the wound, then it causes the appearance of an inflammatory focus. Treatment is complex. Curettage, antibacterial and antiseptic therapy is indicated locally. Inside, the doctor prescribes antibiotics or sulfonamides. Read more about gum disease →
Flux ... The wound heals for a long time after tooth extraction and with periostitis. The disease is an inflammation of the periosteum of the alveolar process of the jaw. At the same time, the gums and surrounding tissues are hyperemic and painful. The wound surface is not covered with epithelial tissue for a long time. Complication arises from lack of treatment for alveolitis or accidental destruction of a blood clot. To get rid of the problem, the doctor conducts an opening of the purulent focus in the area of the transitional fold. Shown necrectomy of the hole itself and antibiotic therapy. In this case, the regeneration takes a little longer than usual and requires a periodic visit to the doctor.

Socket care after tooth extraction

In order for the healing of the hole after tooth extraction to go without complications and quickly, it is necessary to follow certain doctor's recommendations.

Namely:

do not touch the wound with tongue or other objects for 2-3 days;
on the first day, avoid actions that can form a vacuum in the oral cavity (drinking drinks with a tube, whistling) - this can provoke the destruction of a blood clot or pulling it out of the wound;
2-3 days you must refuse to visit the bath, sauna, sunbathing;
try not to exercise excessive physical activity at least in the first 24 hours;
it is forbidden to use warm compresses to relieve pain and swelling - this will increase postoperative symptoms and may lead to the formation of some complications;
chewing food should be carried out only on the healthy side of the jaw;
during sleep, you should be located on the opposite side;
for 3-4 days, limit the consumption of excessively acidic, spicy, salty and sweet foods;
for a week you should give up alcoholic beverages;
during the first 8-9 hours, it is not recommended to brush your teeth, however, in the future, care of the oral cavity should be more thorough, using non-irritating hygiene products;
it is important to avoid hypothermia both in the area of operation and in the whole organism;
you should limit your stay in places with a large crowd of people for at least a few days - this will prevent possible infection with various infections transmitted by airborne droplets.

After the operation, it is imperative to check with your doctor which pain relief medications you can use. Basically, dentists prescribe drugs such as Ketorol, Ibuprofen and Ketanov.

How to speed up the healing process?

After the tooth has been extracted, the dentist will place a gauze pad over the surgical area. It is kept in the mouth for 20-30 minutes. It is not recommended to open the jaw during this period.

About 3-4 hours after surgery, you should not eat, drink juices, tea, and rinse the mouth. All this can provoke the destruction of the forming blood clot. As a result, the wound will be open, and the pathogenic microflora will easily penetrate into it, which will disrupt the regeneration process.

Wound healing after tooth extraction will be faster if the optimal microflora is maintained in the oral cavity. For this, it is recommended to rinse the mouth with various medications. They should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the reason for which the extirpation was carried out.

On the first day, it is better to use mouth baths instead of rinsing. The procedure is carried out as follows: an antiseptic solution is collected in the oral cavity and kept for 1-2 minutes in the area of the operation, then the antiseptic is spit out. The procedure is repeated up to 7-8 times a day.

On the second day, you can already use a full rinse, but without undue effort. The simplest remedy in this case will be a solution of soda with the addition of 1-2 drops of iodine. For the same purposes, you can use pharmaceutical agents such as Miramistin or Chlorhexidine. When used, a pronounced healing effect is observed. If it is not possible to systematically rinse them, they can be replaced with absorbable lozenges. The most pronounced antiseptic effect is observed when using Faringosept, Grammidin and Septolete.

How long the hole heals also depends on which tooth was removed. Usually, when extirpating 3 painters, especially on the lower jaw, a large wound surface is formed, and often sutures are applied for better regeneration.

Usually, all recovery times are conditional. An important point is monitoring your own well-being. In the absence of a decrease in the pain reaction, against the background of an increased body temperature, it is necessary to contact the clinic for help. Timely treatment of any complication will help speed up the healing process and avoid more serious consequences.

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Well recovery process

Naturally, such a dental procedure as the removal of a diseased or decayed tooth has certain consequences, which are defined by doctors as a natural period of rehabilitation:

The first day after visiting the dentist is especially important. It is during this period that a blood clot forms in patients. It is a necessary element in the healing of the socket, and therefore it does not need to be removed or pryed off.
After 3 days, a white plaque appears after tooth extraction - a thin layer of epithelium, which indicates the beginning of the healing process.
A week later, white plaque in the hole after tooth extraction almost completely displaces and replaces the blood clot covering the wound. A small part of this formation remains only in the central part of the hole. Within the damage, the process of bone formation begins.
After 2 weeks, the wound at the site of the extracted tooth is completely covered with thin epithelial tissue. The entire area of damage is replaced by abundant granulations, and active growth of bone tissue begins.
After a month, the amount of formed bone tissue becomes sufficient to almost completely fill the socket remaining in place of the tooth.
After about 4 months, the surface of this area is practically indistinguishable from the jaw, and the edges of the alveoli and wounds decrease in size.

All of the listed stages of healing can be observed with the standard removal of painful and problematic teeth, which do not imply further prosthetics.

A few days after dental extraction, a white plaque appears on the gums, which replaces the previously formed blood clot. Despite the fact that this phenomenon is confusing for many patients, it is normal behavior of the mucous membrane, which forms a protective film at the site of injury. This is how the human body tries to prevent the development of an infectious disease of the oral cavity or an inflammatory process. Therefore, having noticed something white in the hole, you should not be afraid, and it is also advisable not to touch this formation. However, if the color of the neoplasm is characterized by a yellow or gray tint, then such symptoms may be a sign of suppuration and become a reason for additional consultation with a doctor.

Another feature of rehabilitation can be an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. The main reason for its appearance is problems with the hygiene of the injured place. Trying to eliminate the unpleasant odor by thoroughly cleaning or rinsing with special compounds is not worth it, since such actions can lead to more severe damage to soft tissues. It will be possible to fully start caring for the oral cavity only after the wound has completely healed.

Dry gums after visiting the dental office can be observed due to problems with the formation of a blood clot in the socket of the extracted tooth. Another popular cause of such problems is damage to the inflamed area of the gums by particles of solid food. Dryness at the site of tooth extraction is a bad option for the development of the situation, since it can lead to such a complication as alveolitis - the development of inflammation on the inner surface of the hole.

After a problem tooth is removed, be it canines, incisors, premolars or molars, strict adherence to the rules is necessary, which are aimed at accelerating the healing of damage inside the hole and reducing the risk of infection.

The main preventive measures, the observance of which is recommended by dentists:

Immediately after visiting the dental office and removing the problem tooth, it is necessary to bite a tampon with a specialized medical composition and keep the wound in place for half an hour after extraction.
Do not touch the blood clot formed after surgery and try to avoid touching the affected gum area with your tongue.
For several hours after the procedure, try not to drink drinks with a straw and avoid any action that can create a vacuum in the mouth, because such negligence can lead to the removal of a blood clot and the opening of bleeding.
For a couple of days after the procedure, you should avoid participating in sports activities and performing intense physical activity.
Do not eat solid food for several hours to avoid injury to the wound at the site of the extracted tooth.
It is recommended to stop drinking alcohol and smoking for a week after the dental procedure.

If you perform the listed procedures consistently and in accordance with the doctor's recommendations, then the hole in the problem area will heal as quickly and painlessly as possible. But there are situations when it is necessary to re-consult a specialist - this is too slow or improper healing of the gums.

Prophylactic procedures should be performed within 1–2 weeks after dental surgery. It is during this period that the structure of tissues that were damaged during the operation is restored. After the wound on the gum has healed after tooth extraction, you can safely return to your usual lifestyle, which does not have any effect on the growth of bone tissue.

When a second doctor's consultation is required

Symptoms such as swelling, increased painful sensations, and inflammation of the lymph nodes can be a normal reaction of the body to the removal of a problem tooth. These symptoms are especially common after the removal of wisdom teeth. However, each patient needs to know what symptoms indicate the risk of complications and are a signal for re-consulting a dentist.

Alarming symptoms are the following deviations from the norm:

For several days after the operation, the bleeding does not stop, although all necessary measures were taken, and a gauze tampon was applied to the wound.
Puffiness in the cheek area does not subside for several days.
The pain symptom does not decrease, and the pain itself has an acute or shooting character.
There is a deterioration in the general condition and an increase in body temperature up to 39-40 ° C.
Severe pain in the head, ear and throat.
Pus appears in the hole at the site of the extracted tooth.

One of the most common causes of complications is the remnants of the root in the gums or the ingress of a certain infection into the wound area. During a repeated dental examination, a qualified specialist must determine what exactly caused the ongoing inflammatory process, as well as determine rational ways to solve the problem.

Common complications after visiting the dental office

If you have had a wisdom tooth removed, which has a complex structure, and the process of surgical intervention was long and difficult, then the possibility of unpleasant consequences and complications is great. Every second patient of dental offices faces such problems, and therefore, if you seek a second consultation with a doctor in time, then all complications can be eliminated.

Among the most common difficulties of the rehabilitation period after tooth extraction are the following:

During surgery, the doctor touched the nerve endings located in the jaw, which provoke profuse gum swelling and the development of inflammatory processes, which can be eliminated through the use of special antibiotics.
Alveolitis is an inflammatory process in the damaged area of the gums, which can be triggered by an infectious wound infection and is treated with the use of certain medications.
The formation of purulent plaque in the hole after tooth extraction, which also indicates an infectious infection of the damaged area.
Damage to bone tissue can develop with inaccurate tooth extraction.
Osteomyelitis is one of the complications that is characterized by acute inflammation of soft tissues and is a complication after alveolitis.

One of the most important factors that will help to avoid the development of complications and pathologies is the professional experience and responsibility of the doctor. Therefore, the choice of a dental clinic should be treated very responsibly and carefully.

If the dentist correctly and accurately performs all the procedures, then the risk of complications is minimized. Therefore, by following all the recommendations of a specialist, you can speed up and facilitate the rehabilitation process.

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What does the hole look like normally: photo

The process of complete healing of the gums after tooth extraction reaches 4 months and takes place in several stages. How the hole looks normal can be seen in the photo.

On the first day after the operation, a blood clot forms in the removal zone. Without it, the healing process will be difficult, so it does not need to be removed. The clot contains a protein called fibrin, which, when accumulated, looks like a white bloom. It performs a protective function and prevents infection and the development of infectious processes.

On the third day, the formation of a thin epithelium begins, which indicates the beginning of the wound tightening. Subsequently, the epithelial tissue is replaced by connective tissue, forming granulomas. A week later, these neoplasms displace the clotted blood.

The wound is actively overgrown with epithelial tissue, while bone tissue is formed in the gum itself. After a month, its amount will be enough to almost completely fill the hole, and after two - there will be no free space at all. Gradually, the tissues in the wound become the same as on the entire jaw, the edge decreases in size.

Causes of white fibrinous plaque

In most cases, the formed fibrin white layer in the hole does not pose a threat to health, but, on the contrary, is necessary for a speedy recovery. In some situations, white formations on the gums are signs of:

In the presence of pathologies, the color and structure of the plaque change. Only an experienced doctor can notice these differences, so it is necessary to consult with a specialist who can accurately determine the nature of white plaque.

What pathologies can there be?

Removing a problem tooth entails a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane, rupture of blood vessels and nerves, especially if a wisdom tooth is pulled out. Ligaments, muscle fibers and soft tissues located in the operation area and holding the root are also injured.

As a result of the surgical action, inflammatory processes begin to develop. This is an integral part of the recovery period, which is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Gradually, all these symptoms become less intense and disappear. If the discomfort does not go away and intensifies, this may indicate the presence of a bacterial infection or the development of other pathologies.

The hole becomes inflamed

Sometimes the operation to remove a tooth is complicated and delayed. Such an intervention injures the gums more strongly and can negatively affect tissue regeneration.

The appearance of a white formation in the area of operation in some cases indicates the presence of inflammation in the oral cavity. The hole itself becomes inflamed with alveolitis. This disease is characterized by the presence of infections in the wound. The gray color of the plaque indicates that the disease is progressing. In no case should such a situation be left without attention and drug treatment. Launched alveolitis turns into osteomyelitis and threatens with serious complications.

Some infections trapped in the hole provoke the formation of pus, which can be easily confused with a plaque of fibrin. It should be removed by a doctor using special solutions. Medicines will help to avoid further development of the disease.

The hole has a sharp edge

In the process of healing the hole, a mucous membrane and bone are formed. A prerequisite is the protection of bone tissue from external influences by a blood clot or gum.

When the wall of the hole is higher than the rest and has a sharp edge, it is able to break through a new mucous membrane and protrude into the oral cavity. The presence of an unprotected bone site increases the risk of developing alveolitis.

If a lot of time has passed after pulling out a tooth, and the spot of fibrous formation does not come off and something white is clearly visible on the gum, most likely this is the sharp edge of the wound. By gently touching it, you can really feel its sharpness.

Small sharp edges will gradually self-destruct. In more difficult situations, a small operation is performed. After anesthesia at the site of the formation of a sharp edge, the gum is pulled back and a piece of bone is removed with further suture.

Removal was incomplete

It is not always possible to remove a tooth completely and notice it immediately. Dental residue with reduced immunity and neglect of hygiene will provoke alveolitis and thus reveal itself. In other cases, examination will help to find the forgotten root. After the formation of a white fibrinous film, it will become noticeable that in this area the gums move slightly.

What to do: how to get rid of fibrin plaque?

A toothbrush and toothpaste are not enough to remove fibrin plaque. The tried and tested methods will help to clean up the white spot on the gums:

using tooth powder instead of toothpaste, but not daily, but once a week;
rubbing your teeth with lemon peel will help to cope not only with plaque, but also hard deposits;
applying a slurry of soda and hydrogen peroxide once a week;
adding crushed activated carbon to toothpaste removes plaque and helps whiten teeth.

If a light plaque appears at the site of a pulled out tooth, it does not pose a threat in most cases. Compliance with hygiene rules will easily get rid of it.

Preventive measures

The main thing is that soft tissues are regenerated. After that, the bone tissue will be reliably protected and nothing will interfere with the formation of bone. Measures for early healing contain the following points:

after the tooth has been pulled out, it is necessary to hold a cotton swab soaked in a special solution on the wound for about half an hour;
do not remove the blood clot formed on the wound;
do not check the degree of healing of the hole with the tongue;
Do not use a drinking straw for 2 hours after the operation, because at the same time, a vacuum environment forms in the mouth and the blood clot can break loose, provoking bleeding;
withdraw from training and physical activity for a couple of days;
do not overheat for 2 hours in the sun, in a hot bath or shower, and do not go to the bathhouse;
do not warm up the surgical intervention area;
do not eat for 2-3 hours;
until the wound begins to heal, it is worth giving up hot or cold foods and drinks;
give up cigarettes and alcoholic beverages for a week.

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Doctor's actions after tooth extraction

After the tooth is extracted, the doctor carefully examines its roots to make sure that there are no fragments left in the hole. After that, a thorough examination is carried out, while the doctor examines the walls and bottom of the hole with a special small surgical spoon, while extracting fragments of a tooth or fragments of an alveoli.

Sometimes it is necessary to scrape off the walls of the granulation hole, then examine the gums, and if there is damage, sutures can be applied. Then the edges of the hole are brought together, and a gauze swab is applied to it, which the patient must bite and hold in this position for fifteen to twenty minutes. It is not recommended to hold a cotton or gauze ball longer, as it is soaked in saliva, interferes with the formation of a blood clot, which is necessary for the socket to heal sooner after tooth extraction and is a source of infection.

If bleeding develops in the first twenty-four hours after the operation, then you should take a sterile gauze napkin, make a tampon out of it, put it on the hole and bite.

In no case should a blood clot from the hole be touched, try to wash it off or remove it, it protects the wound from infection and promotes its early healing.

You should try not to spit and rinse your mouth for twenty-four hours.

You should refuse to use hot drinks and food, do not smoke, do not rinse your mouth (unless, of course, the doctor recommended such procedures), even if an unpleasant blood taste is felt in the mouth.

If painful sensations appear, you can take analgesics: ketorol, nice, analgin, etc.

At night, it is worth putting an extra pillow under your head so that your head is in an elevated position.

On the first day after the operation, you should not brush your teeth near the hole, then you can resume normal brushing, but at the same time take some care in the area of the hole.

The swelling can be relieved by alternately applying a warm and cold napkin.

Complications after tooth extraction

If the hole after tooth extraction has lost a clot as a result of rinsing out or the clot has not formed at all, then a complication may arise, which dentists call a "dry hole". A blood clot is a very important component of proper wound healing, and if it is absent, then the process of tightening the hole can be very delayed. The patient often begins to experience dull pain in the area of the extracted tooth, and bad breath may occur. If a dry hole has formed, then a visit to the doctor is mandatory. The dentist places a gauze swab soaked in a special medicine into the wound, which reduces pain and helps to tighten the hole as soon as possible. It is necessary to change the tampon every day. Most often, this complication occurs in smokers, as well as in people over thirty.

If nerve endings were damaged during tooth extraction, then paresthesia occurs - numbness of the lips, chin, tongue or cheeks. The feeling that accompanies this disease is similar to that which occurs after the doctor gives you a local anesthetic. However, it does not disappear after a few hours, but can last from two days to several weeks. If the nerve damage was severe, then paresthesia may be permanent.

The socket after tooth extraction usually bleeds for several hours. If the bone tissue was injured as a result of complex removal, then hole bleeding can last longer and be very intense at the same time. In such cases, you should consult a doctor.

Toothache not only deprives the joys of life, but is also dangerous to health. That is why dentists advise against ignoring it, muffling it with painkillers and postponing treatment until tomorrow. With the possibilities of modern dentistry, tooth extraction is an extreme measure. However, in advanced cases this procedure is indispensable.

Extraction of teeth is implantation or prosthetics in the future, for which it is important to be financially prepared. However, first, an operation is required in the office of a dentist-surgeon. The manipulations take place under local anesthesia, sometimes they bring significant relief. For this, you will have to endure and carefully care for the oral cavity after removal. Wound healing has its own nuances, and if hygiene rules are not followed, serious complications are possible.

How long should the hole heal?

After tooth extraction, a hole remains, which is a source of increased attention. During the operation, the surgeon violates the integrity of blood vessels and nerves, damages the adjacent soft tissues. As a result, the site of injury can become inflamed and bleed. Its healing is usually accompanied by the following symptoms:

pain syndrome in the area of the extracted tooth;
pain can be given to the ear, eyes, adjacent tissues;
rise in body temperature;
difficulty in swallowing, swelling, other dysfunctions of the jaw.

All these consequences are considered the norm, but they should gradually fade away, and not progress. Many factors affect the successful healing of the gums. The main ones are proper oral care, the state of the body, and the rate of blood clotting. Until a blood clot appears that closes the wound (this takes up to three hours), there is a risk of infection entering it.

Healing stages with a photo

Full recovery will take much longer, since healing after removal takes place both in the socket of the tooth and in the gum. They behave differently in this case:

When extirpating a wisdom tooth, the formation of new tissues will end by the end of the first month (we recommend that you read: how long does a hole heal after removing a wisdom tooth?). When looking for a photograph with a tooth hole at different times, this point should be taken into account so as not to be upset that the process is not going well. Excessive stress will not benefit your health, it will delay the healing period.

3 day after removal

Normally, the wound does not bleed on day 3. The clot, which was burgundy on the first day, becomes lighter, acquires a yellowish tint. Its color is determined by natural physiological processes. Hemoglobin (red component) is gradually washed out by saliva, but the fibrin framework remains. It forms the basis of a blood clot that prevents bleeding from a wound.

There is no need to climb into the problem area with your hands, injure with toothpicks and a brush. The wound is healed according to the principle of secondary tension, from the edges to the center. Failure to comply with these conditions and lack of hygiene, after 1-3 days, suppuration is possible at the site of removal. This alveolitis is a dangerous complication with a complex of unpleasant symptoms. The gums become inflamed, pain intensifies, the hole is filled with food or saliva, or empty, a blood clot is injured or missing. If you do not start treatment in time, the disease threatens with phlegmon, abscess, sepsis.

Day 5

By 4-5 days, the color of the tooth hole normally becomes even lighter, the wound heals, as can be seen in the photo. The removal site may still ache and bother you. If the pain is not severe, there is no bad breath, inflammation or swelling of the gums, the process is going as it should. At this time, it is important to observe oral hygiene, try to speak less and not chew on the problematic side of the jaw.

Day 7

On the 7-8th day, the painful sensations subside. Granulation gradually replaces a blood clot, only in the center of the tooth socket can you notice its traces. Outside, the wound is covered by a layer of epithelium, and bone tissue is actively formed inside. If you experience discomfort, swelling of the gums, painful sensations, you should see a dentist. It may be necessary to re-process the well and place the medication. In practice, complications rarely occur if the patient observes the reminder after tooth extirpation.

Factors affecting the rate of healing of the gums

How long does the tissue heal after extirpation? Each patient has their own regeneration time. The process is influenced by such factors:

Causes of inflammation of the hole

Inflammation of the tooth socket, surrounding soft tissues or periosteum cannot be missed (we recommend reading: what to do if the periosteum sticks out after tooth extraction?). The process is accompanied by pain, swelling in the problem area, and general malaise. Often the body temperature rises, it becomes painful to speak, swallow. Inflammation of the hole is caused by such factors:

infection with acute respiratory viral infections, infections after removal (at the time of the operation it is important to be healthy);
weakening of immunity due to diet, any disease;
the presence of carious teeth, from where pathogenic bacteria pass to other parts of the oral cavity;
improperly selected anesthesia;
poor processing of instruments, non-compliance with sanitary conditions during manipulations, as a result of which an infection penetrates into the wound;
serious damage to the gums during extirpation;
the cyst from the extracted tooth remained in the hole.

In any situation that interferes with the healing process of the socket after tooth extraction, you should consult a dentist-surgeon. X-rays, CBC, autopsy and re-cleaning may be shown. Additionally, the doctor will prescribe physical therapy and supportive medications to improve your well-being. After cleaning, the doctor puts neomycin powder (antibiotic) into the hole, closes it with a swab. The symptoms of inflammation then disappear within 1-2 days.

What if the gum still hurts after a week?

Normally, the pain in the soft tissues subsides gradually, and already on the 7th day the patient does not feel severe discomfort. However, with difficult removal, the gum heals for a long time, it hurts at night. In this case, you should consult the doctor who removed the tooth. At home, pain relieves pain (Tempalgin, Nalgezin, Nurofen, Solpadein) and rinsing:

weak soda solution;
furacilin solution (1-2 tablets per glass of water);
decoction of calendula, sage or oak bark;
antibacterial drug Miramistin.

How to properly care for the gum after tooth extraction?

To remove a tooth should be agreed as a last resort, when modern methods of dentistry are unable to restore it. If extirpation cannot be avoided, it should be entrusted to an experienced surgeon with a good reputation.

The procedure will take place under local anesthesia; the doctor will not let you go home until he is convinced that the bleeding from the hole has stopped. Self-absorbable cones with iodine and other antiseptic and hemostatic drugs are placed in it.

Additionally, the doctor advises on wound care in the early days. The rules after tooth extraction are as follows:

you should slowly get out of the chair and go out into the corridor;
sit for about 20 minutes (sudden movements and fuss can cause unwanted bleeding);
do not eat or drink 3 hours after manipulation;
do not rinse your mouth for the first 2 days;
do not touch or reach the turunda in the hole if the doctor left it;
if a white clot, a tampon with a medicine that was put during the intervention, fell out, you need to rinse your mouth with a solution of chlorhexidine and be sure to know how to do it correctly;
when food gets into the wound after tooth extraction, do not pick with a toothpick, but rinse gently;
make "baths" for the hole with an antiseptic, as the doctor advises;
when chewing, try not to touch the affected area;
during cleaning, do not touch the problem area, so as not to break the clot;
from the third day, rinse your mouth with decoctions of herbs or antiseptic solutions;
use, according to the dentist's recommendations, topical preparations (Solcoseryl gel, Metrogyl denta);
for pain and inflammation, apply cold 15-minute compresses on the cheek;
you can not warm the problem area, take a bath, steam in the sauna;
avoid alcohol, smoking, physical activity (we recommend reading: how many days after tooth extraction can you drink alcohol?);
consult a doctor if the clotted hole turns black.

What does a normal healing socket look like after a while? Neat, not sore, no pain or discomfort. When this is not the case, you should consult your dentist. He will take measures that prevent infection or reduce inflammation.