What is pathogenic staphylococcus aureus in the nose. Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose and throat. How the infection is transmitted

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that can provoke the development of inflammatory and purulent pathologies. Currently, modern medicine has classified more than 20 varieties of this pathogenic microorganism. Most of the species are constant companions of humans and are present in minimal quantities on mucous membranes, without causing any diseases.

Peculiarities

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is very dangerous. In a healthy person, this microbe (the photo can be seen above) should not be present in the body. If the bacterium enters the nasopharynx, it begins to multiply actively. Pathogenic staphylococcus aureus in the process of life releases toxins that provoke intoxication and the development of inflammation. In the area of the nasopharynx, staphylococcus epidermidis and hemolytic can also be subversive.

Staphylococcus aureus, according to statistics conducted by many medical institutions from around the world, is present in almost 20% of the world's population, adult age groups. Of this number, approximately 60% of people have staphylococcus aureus periodically localized in the nose and throat. Only in 5% of carriers the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx are not inhabited by pathogenic bacteria due to the fact that the local immunity performs its functions well.

Symptoms

Many people do not even suspect that they have pathogenic microflora in their nose. Modern medicine classifies this category of patients as carriers.

In them, signs of staphylococcus are manifested in the presence of factors favorable for the bacteria:

there is a decrease in general or local immunity;
there is an exacerbation of chronic pathologies;
hypothermia occurred;
there was a mechanical damage to the nasal mucosa, etc.

In such cases, the pathogenic microorganism begins to multiply actively. In some patients, the bacterium immediately after penetrating the nasopharynx begins to manifest itself and provokes the development of inflammation.

Such pathological conditions are accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. Rhinitis (runny nose) appears.
2. The number of nozzles begins to increase, which initially have a transparent structure, but after a short period of time, purulent inclusions can be detected in the mucous secretion.
3. It becomes difficult for patients to breathe due to blockage of the nasal passages by snot.
4. From the side of smell, violations are observed. It is difficult or impossible for patients to distinguish between smells.
5. The voice becomes nasal and hoarse.
6. Patients often breathe through the mouth, which sometimes leads to complications. For example, inflammation of the bronchi, trachea, larynx develops.
7. Many patients have fever. In the event that they have developed an acute form of rhinitis, the temperature can rise to 38 degrees. If the pathology is accompanied by complications, then the temperature can rise to 39-40 degrees.
8. Sleep disturbance is observed, patients have difficulty falling asleep.
9. Patients develop malaise, fatigue.
10. Very often, staphylococcal infection enters the sinuses. In such cases, people may develop frontal sinusitis or sinusitis.
11. In a young audience of patients, rashes appear on the skin.

Transmission routes

The golden microbe, as well as staphylococcus epidermis, infects its victims imperceptibly.

That is why people should know all the ways of transmission of this pathogenic microorganism:

Airborne	To become infected, a person just needs to inhale the air in which the microbe is present. Pathogenic bacteria enter the environment from carriers, talking, coughing or sneezing. People should be aware that pets can also carry the golden microbe.
Air-dust	After the carriers of microbes release them into the environment, they settle on micro dust particles. A healthy person becomes infected when inhaling, since dust with microbes also penetrates with the air.
Contact (the bacterium is transmitted during intrauterine development, during passage through the birth canal, during breastfeeding)	In this way, babies are infected. In most cases, they get infected from their mothers.
Contact and household	Adults and babies can become infected when using common household items, personal hygiene products. Also, a golden microbe can enter the body of its victim with a kiss, when it touches the skin.
Infection in public places	As a rule, golden bacteria are always present in crowded areas. Also, infection can occur in a hospital setting.

The causes of staphylococcal infection can be influenced by concomitant pathologies and factors:

Postponed stress. Long-term presence of a person in a state of depression. Severe nervous shocks and breakdowns.
The transition of chronic pathologies to the acute phase. In this case, we are talking about such diseases: pharyngitis, adenoiditis, tonsillitis.
One of the main factors provoking the development of inflammation in the nose is hypothermia. For example, a person is on the street during the frosty season. He inhales cold air with his nose, as a result of which the cilia, which are responsible for the process of cleaning the cavities, begin to move very actively. Pathogenic microorganisms that enter the nose along with the air, settle on the mucous membranes and begin to multiply actively.
The age group of the patient. According to statistics maintained by medical institutions, there are age categories of people who are more susceptible to infectious pathologies. For example, small children, pensioners.
Health status. As a rule, people who have chronic diseases are at risk of acquiring staphylococcal infection.
Influenza and ARVI. Very often, these pathologies lead to the development of staphylococcal rhinitis. This is due to a decrease in local and general immunity. As a result, the pathogenic microorganism awakens precisely at the peak of the development of the disease.
The susceptibility of the organism. Some patients are forced to take various medications for a long period of time. As a result, their body's susceptibility to pathogenic microflora increases.
Long-term use of drops from the common cold, which have a vasodilating effect. In this category of patients, rhinitis medicamentum may develop. As a result, a favorable environment is formed for staphylococcal bacteria.

Danger

If a pathogenic microbe settles in the nose, then adults or babies may experience the following complications:

The inflammation develops very rapidly. If it is not possible to stop this process in a timely manner, then it will immediately spread to the respiratory tract, and then to nearby organs. Using the lymphatic or hematogenous pathway, the microbe can get to the heart, liver, etc.
Many people develop rhinitis initially. Over time, various diseases join it, for example, adenoiditis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, etc. In patients who have a certain predisposition, a pathogenic microbe can provoke the development of tracheitis, bronchitis.
In elderly people and babies, in addition to the above diseases, more severe pathologies can develop: damage to the heart, kidneys, liver, brain, bones, abscesses develop.

Diagnostic measures

To detect the golden microbe, specialists must examine the patient and only then prescribe treatment. A swab from the throat and nose is taken without fail, which is transferred to the laboratory for research. Rapid analysis can be performed using microscopic techniques. But it does not allow you to determine the type of bacteria.

A test is also carried out for the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora to certain types of antibiotics. After, according to the results of the laboratory studies, the presence of staphylococci in the biological material in an amount exceeding 106 units was revealed, the patient is prescribed a drug course of therapy.

Treatment methods

Specialists prefer to treat staphylococcal infections with antibiotics. For each patient, a scheme is individually developed, since doctors take into account the age category, the severity of the pathology and other related factors.

In the event that a golden microbe was found in the nose, the following medications are prescribed to patients:

Tablets "Flemoklava", "Amoxiclava".
Tablets "Cephalotin", "Cephalexin", "Azithromycin", "Erythromycin", "Vancomycin".
In the case when the prescribed antibiotics could not cope with the staphylococcal infection, experts adjust the drug regimens. If there is a risk of serious complications, patients are prescribed the drug "Anatoxin", or anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin. Thanks to these medicines, it will be possible to stop the development of intoxication. Also, experts can prescribe antistaphylococcal bacteriophages to patients.

To cure staphylococcal infection, you can use the following medications, which are prescribed by doctors of this category of patients:

Specialists prescribe drugs to patients for external treatment of mucous membranes:

The group of antiseptics, in which it is advisable to include "Chlorhexidine", "Miramistin". People should purchase these medicines in the form of a solution from drugstore chains. It should be used to rinse the nose.
A group of antibacterial drugs. It is advisable to include "Isofra", "Polydex", "Protargol" in it. They are sold in drugstore chains in drip form; in addition to an antibacterial effect, they have a vasoconstrictor effect.
If the patient has purulent rashes around the nose, then doctors prescribe ointments for external treatment, for example, "Tetracycline", "Erythromycin". These creamy substances contain an antibiotic.
It is indicated for staphylococcal infections in the nose to apply topically immunomodulators, for example, "Immudon".
Patients are advised to rinse the sinuses with the drug "Chlorfillipt". They can also use drops, which contain similar components.
If large purulent formations appear on the skin, in the area of the nose, then you should contact a medical institution to open them.

Prophylaxis

Despite the fact that no person is immune from the penetration of golden bacteria into his body, you can try to minimize the risk of infection:

Places with a large crowd of people should be avoided, especially if someone present has a runny nose or respiratory illness.
Hypothermia must be avoided.
Each person should carry out vitamin therapy several times a year.
It is extremely important to monitor the state of immunity.
Personal hygiene must be observed regularly.
If contact with a sick person is unavoidable, then all precautions must be taken.
After visiting the street and public places, you should wash your hands.
You should not self-medicate when detecting a golden bacteria. In this case, it will not be able to get rid of the microbes, but on the contrary, they can enter the bloodstream.

September 2, 2015

Symptoms of the presence of staphylococcus in the nose

Often times, bacteria living in the nasal cavity do not show any special symptoms. But favorable factors help staphylococcus to develop pathologies. Symptoms for the presence of a pathogenic microbe will differ depending on the disease it is causing.

Common symptoms of the presence of staphylococcus:

Heat;
General malaise, signs of intoxication of the body;
Redness near the nose;
Skin irritation in the form of a rash, pustules.

If Staphylococcus aureus contributes to the onset of inflammation in the paranasal sinuses, for example, developing sinusitis, then the symptoms of this disease will be added to the above symptoms: nasal congestion, abundant secretions, mucosal edema, the formation of purulent exudate in the maxillary cavities. As the disease progresses, it will cause additional pathological changes and intense pain in the face and in the eyeballs.

Staphylococcus aureus often causes chronic rhinitis. Symptoms of the disease will be a stuffy nose, frequent mucus in moderate amounts. Exacerbation of rhinitis will be accompanied by profuse exudate with purulent inclusions.

If the bacterium causes mucosal atrophy, then the patient begins to swell in the nasal cavity, which is accompanied by itching, dryness, loss of smell. As a result of atrophy of the soft tissues covering the nasal canals, the lumen of the nasopharynx passages expands significantly in patients.

When staphylococcus is affected by the frontal sinuses, frontal sinusitis develops. Patients develop severe headaches that are more bothersome in the forehead, especially when the head is tilted. The patient gets tired quickly, he may have dizziness. Mucus with purulent exudate is abundantly secreted in the morning. At night, head pains are aggravated by the horizontal position of the body.

The main sign of the appearance of staphylococcus in the nose in a child is a rash. If you do not destroy the infection, then over time, the golden microbe will infect other organs of the baby. First, there is a malfunction in the functionality of the gastrointestinal system, which causes symptoms such as bloating, colic, severe pain. Since the child's body cannot yet cope with serious pathogens, unlike adults, children are more likely to have strong inflammatory processes due to staphylococcus.

Staphylococcus aureus is especially dangerous for newly born babies. In such babies, the negative effect of the infection causes intestinal colic and the appearance of pustules, which cannot heal for a long time.

The vigorous activity of staphylococcus contributes to its resistance to the body's defenses, it easily withstands the attacks of immune cells. Inflammation in the nasal cavity, accompanied by purulent discharge, provokes disruptions in the work of other organs. Part of the purulent discharge descends into the digestive organs, which causes diseases such as gastritis, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, cystitis, etc.

Most of all, such negative consequences are susceptible to people who have an improper diet, often have stressful situations, and have other diseases that require the use of medications. In such cases, the functionality of the immune system is greatly reduced in a person, which contributes to the development of serious diseases.

The most common diseases that Staphylococcus aureus causes are:

Omphalitis is an inflammation of the umbilical wound. With staphylococcus, a strong inflammatory process begins near the navel, causing swelling of the skin, redness, and the appearance of pus. In such cases, the wound is smeared with brilliant green, Vishnevsky's ointment.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the eyelids. It is accompanied by swelling and redness of the eyelid, pus may appear. Potassium permanganate, Albucid are used in the treatment.
Enterocolitis is an intestinal damage. The disease is accompanied by a violation of the stool, pain, nausea and vomiting. For therapy, antibiotics and agents are used to restore the intestinal microflora.
Sepsis is an infection of the bloodstream. As a result of the spread of staphylococcus from the focus of infection, various organs can be affected in a person. The treatment is carried out for a very long time, sometimes it is not very effective.

Diagnostics

To examine the nasal mucosa for the presence of pathogenic microflora, it is necessary to take a smear for bacterial culture. Determination of the pathogenicity of a microorganism is carried out by sowing a culture on a sample material taken using a smear.

Treatment of staphylococcus

Therapy is carried out when a pathogenic microorganism begins to provoke inflammation in the nasal mucosa. But the difficulty lies in the fact that the infection has developed resistance to penicillins. And its active reproduction is always associated with a decrease in the patient's immunity.

In addition, even those antibiotics to which Staphylococcus aureus has no resistance cannot be used for a long time. This can contribute to the emergence of a super-resistant strain of bacteria. And the wrong choice of antibacterial agent has the opposite effect of treatment - the infectious pathogen begins to creep to other organs of the patient and increases its negative effect.

Incomplete treatment of bacteria can cause complications: osteomyelitis, meningitis, sepsis, abscesses, etc. Therefore, even before starting therapy, a smear is taken from the patient, and the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to certain antibiotics is determined.

Often the following drugs are used in the treatment of infection:

Ceftriaxone;
Amoxiclav;
Oxacillin;
Ofloxacin, etc.

For pustular skin rashes, brilliant green is used. Also used are bacteriophages that neutralize staphylococci.

Additionally, they prescribe immunomodulators, vitamin complexes, normalize the diet and reduce the number of working hours.

Traditional methods of treatment

There are recipes from alternative medicine that help to cope with such negative factors:

Low immunity - you can use echinacea tincture and take ascorbic acid, rosehip tea, eat apricots;
Pustules in the nose - inhale the vapors of vinegar (add 70 ml to the water), instill a decoction of burdock in the nose, apply comfrey infusion;
Severe illness - drink a solution of mummy for 2 months (dissolve 0.5 g in a glass of water and drink 50 ml before meals).

Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose

Currently, doctors have already learned how to deal with such a pathogenic infection as Staphylococcus aureus. Now, the degree of neglect of the disease is not so important as before, but nevertheless, this bacterium continues to be dangerous to human life. Therefore, it is better to take all the necessary measures so as not to become infected with staphylococcus, than to destroy the pathogenic infection for a long time.

Preventive measures should be taken by every person. Doctors recommend separate activities for each group of people:

Healthy people and children

The main task of all people who feel healthy and invulnerable to various infectious pathogens is the constant maintenance of strong immunity. To do this, you can exercise, walk in the fresh air, eat well, get enough sleep, and get enough rest.

It is also important to maintain personal hygiene, wash your hands before eating and especially after contact with people who have pustules on their skin. To increase the resistance of the skin to bacteria, it is necessary to wipe the body with a damp towel, wash more often in the shower or in the bathroom. Be sure to use soap.

Pregnant women

If an ordinary person gets sick with Staphylococcus aureus, then it can be easily cured with the help of common effective drugs. But pregnant women need a special approach to the treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, the bacterial lesion in them must be eliminated in severe cases.

To prevent infection of a pregnant woman's body, it is necessary to carry out the following preventive measures:

Rinse the nasal cavity or throat regularly at the first sign of a viral infection;
Clean up the room, do frequent wet cleaning;
Ventilate the room, wash clothes on time;
Take tests prescribed by a doctor;
Undergo examinations by an ENT specialist, dentist, family doctor.

Pregnant women need to wear clothing that allows the body to breathe freely. Fabrics should not cause perspiration, it is better to wear natural materials. Any skin irritation or diaper rash can provoke colonization of Staphylococcus aureus. It is especially important to keep the skin around the breasts and nipples clean and dry.

Newborn babies

Everyone knows that babies do not need to be shown to people until they are 3 months old. This is not superstition, but protection of the child from infection. If a newborn becomes infected with staphylococcus, then it will be very difficult to cure him at this age.

It is important to remember that you cannot kiss the baby so as not to transmit the infection to him. Children are bathed in a bath with a string or chamomile, and then wiped dry. Particularly careful should be taken care of the folds of the skin. Good parents will wipe down any wrinkles with a dry towel and then apply sterile oil to prevent skin irritation.

The child's room should always be clean. Before taking your baby in your arms, you need to wash your hands well. You should also visit your pediatrician regularly.

Video - Staphylococcus aureus in the nose:

Treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx caused by Staphylococcus aureus is difficult due to the high ability of the microorganism to develop resistance to antibacterial drugs.

Staphylococci surround people everywhere, they can be found everywhere. They can be on the mucous membranes of a person and do not appear for a long time. When staphylococcus aureus is found in the nose, treatment is not always required. It is a common microorganism that inhabits human mucous membranes in small quantities. If the immune system is weakened, then bacteria multiplying, causing complications.

When placed in an environment favorable for reproduction, microbes become active. This happens with unsanitary conditions, stress, lack of vitamins.

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic microbe that most often affects the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, nose and oropharynx. The bacteria are round in shape and form golden colonies on laboratory media.

The microbe develops resistance to antibacterial agents, so it is not easy to cure staphylococcus aureus in the nose. And this can be a lengthy process.

Bacteria are found everywhere: on the skin, in the body, in the air. When creating a favorable environment for them and weakening the body, they take on a pathogenic form.

They can cause inflammation, affecting a wide variety of organs in humans. Often the infection affects the mucous tissue of the patient. Mastitis, infectious complications after surgery are the results of bacteria damage.

If the infection is found in the nasal sinus, then it is quite possible that the staphylococcal pathogen through the blood can enter the central nervous system. This will lead to abscesses and purulent intracranial phlebitis.

Infection methods

Infection often occurs in hospitals, maternity hospitals, beauty salons, tattoo parlors, if they do not comply with sanitary standards and requirements.

You can get a staphylococcal infection:

airborne droplets;
using personal items of the sick person;
during the intrauterine development of the baby, during childbirth, during breastfeeding;
when eating spoiled or poorly processed food;
sometimes during various medical procedures and injections.

The most susceptible to staphylococcal infection are children, the elderly, pregnant women, people with weak immunity. Most exposed to infection are people who have had herpes and Epstein Bar's viral infection, cytomegalovirus.

Symptoms and Signs

Symptoms of intoxication of the body occur due to the waste products of bacteria. They are especially dangerous for babies.

Disease symptoms:

redness of the mucous membrane;
lingering rhinitis;
stuffy nose;
mucosal atrophy;
pustules on the mucous membranes;
rash and crusting;
heat;
intoxication.

Staphylococcus aureus multiplying in the nose causes rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, adenoiditis. Symptoms of mucosal infection in a baby and an adult are different. The main symptom of the disease in babies is a skin rash. When the first symptoms of the disease appear, treatment is urgently needed, since the neglected form leads to the spread of the infection to other organs.

Diagnostics

Before treatment, they are examined by a doctor who makes a diagnosis. For a correct diagnosis, it is determined, with the help of nasal swabs and mucus sampling, which pathogenic bacteria caused the disease. Usually, tests are taken in the morning on an empty stomach and it is not advisable to brush your teeth before that, use drops or ointments, treat them with antiseptics or do a nasal lavage.

The samples are placed in a thermostat for bacteria growth. After that, the quantity is compared with the initial state. This determines how active the pathogenic bacteria are. After the diagnosis, treatment is prescribed.

Treatment

How to treat staphylococcus in the nose is determined by the doctor, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. With staphylococcus in an adult, it is urgent to treat it, but pregnant women need a special approach to the question of how to treat it.

When the disease is mild, symptomatic treatment is needed. In more difficult situations, complex antibiotic therapy is prescribed with the use of special anti-staphylococcal drugs. Chlorophyllipt and antibiotics are often used to treat adults.

Since staphylococci are very resistant to many drugs, you need to use the most effective ones.

Treatment is carried out:

oxacillin;
vancomycin;
ofloxacin;
ceftriaxone;
amoxiclav;
unazine and others.

Chlorophyllipt, alcohol or oil, gives a very good effect. Periodically, you need to bury the nose with a solution. The use of cotton swabs with staphylococcal bacteriophage also helps well. It is not recommended to use alcoholic chlorophyllipt simultaneously with staphylococcal bacteriophage, it can neutralize the bacteriophage. Chlorophyllipt should not be used for children under 12 years of age.

Also, the nose is sanitized with furacilin. In addition, it is advisable to use vitamins, immunomodulators and supplements that restore immunity.

Treatment with folk remedies

If Staphylococcus aureus is present in the nose, traditional and folk methods can be treated. It is possible to fight the disease with home remedies, which can be beneficial.

External treatment can be carried out with various compresses, baths with medicinal decoctions, hot poultices and other means that need to be treated with the infected area.

The infection is removed with comfrey medicinal, which has the ability to suppress the infectious process. The applied decoction of echinacea and burdock also has a detrimental effect on the detected staphylococcus aureus. It is also advisable to add chlorophyllipt for nasal care.

Natural immunomodulators, which contain vitamin C, also help great. These are decoctions of wild rose, black currant berries and others. But if asymptomatic Staphylococcus aureus is found in the nose, treatment should include antibiotics.

The manifestations of staphylococcus are activated with weak immunity. Therefore, with any selected method, immunomodulators must be added. Natural and pharmaceutical remedies for a quick recovery.

Prevention of staphylococcus

Staphylococcal infection has been well studied by doctors, and specific treatment for it has already been determined. However, it is better, of course, to prevent it.

The main method of prevention is strengthening the immune system. Healthy and strong people hardly get sick with such an infection. To maintain immunity, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle. These are: exercise, proper nutrition, walks, personal hygiene. Tempering, bathing, and wet rubdowns help with this. And keeping the skin and surrounding objects clean prevents contamination.

Staphylococcal infection can manifest itself on the teeth in the form of caries, on the tonsils, on the adenoids. In the eyes, it can manifest itself as conjunctivitis, barley, boil. Also, it can be various inflammations and rashes on the skin or inflammation in the urinary tract. Manifestations on the patient's skin can be contagious to others.

In order not to get sick, you need to monitor your health, prevent colds, find time for physical education, lead a correct lifestyle and strengthen the body.

Conclusion

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose should be carried out comprehensively, using modern methods after consulting a specialist. Delaying treatment can have very bad consequences. The fight against infection can be quite long, since microorganisms quickly adapt to the effects of new medications. Medical care cannot be dispensed with, because only an experienced attending physician can correctly diagnose and prescribe effective treatment.

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose does not always cause pathological disorders in the tissues and systems of the body. A colony of bacteria is able to coexist peacefully with the human microflora for a long time without harming health. Problems arise when the immune system fails. It is at this moment that a favorable environment is created for the reproduction of the infection. In the absence of competent and timely treatment, cocci often lead to purulent inflammation of the brain or spinal cord and blood lesions.

What you need to know about staphylococcus

Staphylococci are a type of gram-positive bacteria that lives in soil, air, and environmental objects. They are representatives of the normal microflora of humans and animals.

Among staphylococci, there are many species that have an ambiguous effect on the body. Some of them are conditionally pathogenic, that is, they do not manifest themselves until a decrease in immunity occurs. Others are inherently pathogenic and capable of having a destructive effect on living cells.

Under natural conditions, pathogenic and opportunistic species inhabit the nasal cavity, throat and skin of a person, but they do not always provoke an illness.

Staphylococcal infections in the nose and throat will only become active when they outnumber the normal microflora of the body. In this case, treatment should be quick and competent, since cocci are capable of rapidly spreading and affecting nearby organs and tissues.

Types of staphylococcus

Science has identified more than 20 varieties of staphylococci. Most of them are completely harmless, but some can provoke serious pathologies:

Staphylococcus aureus. The most dangerous, because it easily spreads in the body, causing purulent inflammation in all tissues. Shows high resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics;
epidermal staphylococcus. It lives mainly on the skin and mucous membranes of humans. It provokes sepsis, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, purulent lesions of the urinary tract, blood poisoning;
hemolytic staphylococcus aureus. Acts on the body as an epidermal form, causing purulent processes and inflammation. Affects the genitourinary system, epidermis;
saprophytic staphylococcus. Causes inflammation of the urethra and cystitis.

The epidermal form of staphylococcus affects the skin

The golden bacteria, in turn, are subdivided into several types, showing high resistance to certain antibiotics. For example, there are methicillin-resistant, vancomycin- and glycopeptide-resistant strains.

Infection routes

Is staphylococcus aureus contagious and how is it spread? It was mentioned above that almost every second is a carrier of opportunistic microflora, so it is difficult to talk about a specific infection. Although a person who is free of cocci, under certain circumstances, can become infected from an active bacillus carrier or during medical procedures.

The most common causes of infection are the following factors:

non-observance of the rules of personal hygiene, the use of things of a sick person;
direct contact - handshakes, hugs, kisses, medical procedures;
airborne droplets. Infection occurs through the respiratory system when sneezing, coughing, talking;
food. In this case, bacteria enter the body through food, causing poisoning;
artificial way. The infection gets to a person during diagnostic studies or surgical interventions.

One of the ways of transmission of infection is airborne

Another common route of infection is maternity hospitals and children's hospitals. In this case, the newborn acquires the active form of nosocomial staphylococcus from the first days or months of life.

How staphylococcus is manifested

A favorite place for localization of microorganisms is the nasal cavity and throat. Especially often, a golden bacterium settles on the mucous membrane. In this case, the infection is manifested by pustules, acne, sores.

There are other symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose:

increased body temperature;
irritation of the mucous membrane;
redness and itching of the skin around the nostrils;
persistent runny nose and nasal congestion;
general intoxication of the body.

If, in addition to the nasal cavity, the throat is affected, there is swelling and redness of the tonsils, soreness in the pharynx, the presence of purulent plaque, an increase in lymph nodes.

If the above symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor. Untimely treatment of staphylococcus in the nose will lead to the development of such serious complications as sinusitis, purulent tonsillitis, pneumonia, bronchitis or meningitis.

It is especially difficult to deal with an advanced form of the disease, which has developed as a result of improper therapy. Bacteria can mutate and develop drug resistance.

How to recognize a disease

Successful treatment of staphylococcus in the nose and throat largely depends on the correct diagnosis and the identified sensitivity of the strain to a particular antibiotic. For this, material is taken for analysis from the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.

The laboratory, simultaneously with bacterial culture for staphylococcus aureus, conducts a test for the sensitivity of the strain to drugs

The rate of staphylococcus in the nose in adults is 10 to 3 degrees CFU / ml, in babies up to a year - 10 to 4 degrees. With higher research results, we can talk about the development of the inflammatory process.

Many laboratories, simultaneously with the concentration of staphylococcus, determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics. Such a study does not increase the analysis period and provides complete information necessary for the selection of an effective medication.

If a staphylococcal infection has already formed and complications have appeared, the specialist should prescribe additional studies: ultrasound, MRI, radiography of the frontal and maxillary sinuses.

Treatment tactics

If staphylococcus aureus is found in the nose or throat, therapeutic measures should be directed not only to eliminate the symptoms, but also to destroy the pathogen.

Treatment of the infection should be started only after consulting a doctor. Self-activity in this case is unacceptable and often leads to serious consequences. The pathogen is capable of mutating and developing resistance to many antibiotics.

Treatment of staphylococcus aureus should be supervised

How to treat staphylococcus aureus in the throat and nose, how long does the process take? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally. It all depends on the patient's age, the presence of concomitant diseases and complications, and, most importantly, on the state of the body's immune system. In general, therapy lasts from 3 to 5 weeks.

Medicines

Let's see how to treat staphylococcus aureus in the nose. To destroy the pathogen, first of all, antibiotics that are resistant to beta-lactamase are prescribed:

Amoxiclav;
Flucloscacillin;
Dicloxacillin;
Cefotaxime;
Oxacillin;
Cephalexin;
Cefolotin.

In addition to antibacterial agents, the patient must be prescribed immunostimulants to increase the body's defenses: Taktivin, Immunoriks, Poludan. To relieve swelling and nasal congestion, antihistamines (Tavegil, Claritin, Diazolin) and vasoconstrictor drops and sprays - Sanorin, Naphazolin, Galazolin and others are used.

In addition to the drugs considered, the treatment regimen must include:

nasal spray IRS-19 to stimulate local immunity;
staphylococcal bacteriophage. The drug contains a colony of phage viruses capable of destroying the pathogen in a short time;
oil solution of Chlorophyllipt. The product is made on the basis of eucalyptus and has a detrimental effect on staphylococci.

Chlorophyllipt is prescribed for the treatment of staphylococcal infection in children and pregnant women

For local use, the patient is prescribed ointment Bactroban or Fusiderm. Medicines are used to lubricate pustules and manifestations.

And what to treat if staphylococcus has settled not only in the nose, but also in the throat? In this case, it is necessary to use antiseptic solutions for rinsing the nose and rinsing. The following drugs are most effective in fighting infection:

Chlorhexidine;
Furacilin;
Miramistin;
Dolphin and other products based on sea water.

Treatment of staphylococcus includes the intake of pharmacy vitamins with a high content of ascorbic acid, saturation of the diet with fresh juices, fruits and vegetables.

The dosage of medications and the duration of therapy should be prescribed by a specialist.

Alternative medicine

It is impossible to cure staphylococcus with folk remedies. The bacteria are resistant to all types of exposure, including herbs. Folk recipes can only be used to increase the general and local resistance of the body. For this purpose, plants are used that have an immunostimulating effect:

dog-rose fruit;
echinacea;
eleutherococcus;
currant berries;
ginseng root;
lemongrass fruits.

Echinacea is considered an excellent immune stimulant

Infusions of these herbs are recommended to be taken orally instead of tea, used for rinsing the throat and rinsing the nose. Folk remedies well restore immune protection in the early stages of pathology. From staphylococcus in the nose, turundas soaked in a strong infusion of a series are excellent.

In no case should alternative medicine recipes be used as the only treatment for staphylococcus aureus. Therapy must necessarily be comprehensive and combine the means of classical and alternative medicine.

Treatment of staphylococcus in childhood

Staphylococcus aureus in a child's nose manifests itself with the same symptoms as in adults, only in a more pronounced form. Treatment of babies is associated with certain difficulties. Not all drugs of the antibacterial group are allowed for use by children, therefore a pediatrician should prescribe the medicine.

In childhood, the selection of medicines and the treatment of infection is carried out by a doctor.

How to treat staphylococcus in the nose of a child without prejudice to his health? With the spread of infection in young children, it is permissible to use pharmaceutical preparations with sea water:

LinAqua Baby;
RinoStop Aqua Baby;
Aqua Maris Baby and other similar products marked Baby.

The natural oil-based medicine Chlorophyllipt will help eliminate the symptoms of the disease and destroy the pathogen. It is allowed to be taken orally, lubricate pustules and sores with a solution, gargle, rinse the nose.

The rest of the drugs to combat staphylococcus are prescribed by the doctor based on the severity of the disease, the presence of complications or concomitant diseases and the results of bacterial culture.

Staphylococcus aureus and pregnancy

It is very difficult to fight staphylococcus during the period of bearing a child. Women in this position are prohibited from many drugs because of their negative effect on the growth and development of the fetus. But the disease cannot be ignored either. In this case, the expectant mother will become a source of infection for the newly born baby.

The fight against staphylococcus in the nose in pregnant women is carried out under the supervision of a doctor

Treatment of a pregnant woman is carried out only under the supervision of a doctor. The drugs are used the same as in pediatric practice. Immunostimulating therapy, vitamins and staphylococcal toxoid are also prescribed.

Only in exceptional cases, when symptomatic treatment does not give the expected effect, the doctor has the right to use antibacterial drugs.

Consequences

If the therapy of staphylococcus is not carried out in full or did not have the desired effect, the development of a chronic form of the disease and the appearance of complications is possible. All types of staphylococcus are dangerous to the body, but the golden bacterium behaves especially threateningly.

The pathogen can cause damage to the lungs, brain and blood. Long-term ulceration of the mucous membrane and skin ends with the appearance of scars and scars.

With illiterate therapy of staphylococcal infection, serious complications develop

Staphylococcal infection in the nose often causes sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, acute rhinitis, and even otitis media of the middle ear. A launched inflammatory process often provokes mucosal atrophy and complete or partial loss of smell.

Nosocomial staphylococcus is especially harmful. A huge colony of bacteria mutates so quickly that it becomes very difficult to destroy it. Microorganisms calmly tolerate direct sunlight, withstand prolonged boiling and alcohol treatment.

Pathogens that have penetrated the bloodstream can cause endocarditis, blood poisoning, sepsis, and pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. It is staphylococcus that becomes the culprit of adolescent arthritis. The penetration of bacteria into the central nervous system ends with abscesses and intracranial complications.

Prophylaxis

Staphylococcus aureus is so stable that even with proper and timely treatment, it is not always possible to get rid of it the first time. Often, several courses of antimicrobial therapy with different drugs are required. Therefore, it is easier to prevent the disease than to fight it for a long time and difficult.

The main preventive measures include:

timely elimination of all inflammatory processes in the body;
observance of personal hygiene, regular wet cleaning of premises;
maintaining a healthy lifestyle, strengthening immunity.

It is noticed that a person with a high protective reaction of the body is less at risk of developing staphylococcal infection.

At the first signs of a decrease in immunity, you should immediately start taking medications that increase the body's resistance. In addition, it is recommended to change the daily routine, minimize stress and physical overload, and balance the diet. The main thing is not to give staphylococcus in the nose a chance for growth and development.

Among the huge number of pathogenic organisms, the leading place in terms of virulence and the rate of introduction and spread of infection throughout the body is "Staphylococcus aureus" (Staphylococcus aureus).

Of the large genus of coccal relatives, it is this type of bacterium that is inherent in localization on the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat and nose, and the development of more than a hundred dangerous diseases in humans.

The colonization of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the nose threatens to spread the infection to other organs and systems of the body. First of all, the development of ENT diseases - sinusitis, rhinitis or pharyngitis.

The promotion of bacteria in a hematogenous way threatens to damage the cardiovascular system or the digestive tract, causing inflammation, intoxication, pain in the abdomen, diarrhea and flatulence.

Infection routes

You can easily become infected with such "cute" golden bacteria, since in more than 90% of cases, the distributors are people who, in half of the cases, have an asymptomatic carrier of the infection. So that infection can occur from completely healthy people.

The easiest way for infection to enter is wounds, scratches, abrasions, the mucous membrane of the respiratory system, when an infection gets from a patient or carrier, or through the use of common household items. Localization of staphylococcus in the nose and throat of a person is the most favorite place for bacterial colonization

The main factors affecting the development of staphylococcal infection are:

Excessive hypothermia;
Difficult acclimatization period and difficulties in adapting to unusual conditions;
Simultaneous treatment of current infections with drip antimicrobial medicines;
Lack of resistance tests when prescribing antibiotics;

The main group of people susceptible to the pathogen is made up of patients who often use vasoconstrictor nasal drugs. And constant stress, psychoemotional and nervous overstrain increase the risk of illness.

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Staphylococcus aureus symptoms in the nose and throat

Signs of the presence of infection in the nasopharynx are manifested by symptoms characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose and throat:

hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx;
prolonged, refractory rhinitis;
nasal congestion;
atrophy and degeneration of the nasopharyngeal epithelium;
intoxication syndrome, sometimes with the development of toxic shock;
shortness of breath.

Not infrequently, nasopharyngeal staphylococcal infection is accompanied by the development of pustular neoplasms on the surface of the nasal mucosa, chills, swelling of the eyelids, severe toothache and headaches, itching symptoms and severe dryness in the nose.

When the throat is affected, the initial symptoms of staphylococcus are manifested by signs characteristic of colds and common sore throats. Subsequently, manifesting itself:

high fever;
characteristic weakness and dizziness;
complete or partial lack of appetite;
soreness when swallowing.

The manifestation of signs of staphylococcus is due to the stage of the course of the disease with the development of characteristic symptoms - hyperemia of the mucous layer of the larynx, and pustular rashes on the oral mucosa, inflammatory reactions in the tonsils and adjacent lymph nodes.

Sometimes it happens that the mucous membranes and nasal passages are affected by an infection, but the patient does not feel its manifestation. In such cases, the identification of pathology is possible only by taking a swab from the throat and nose for staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcal infection in the nose of a child

The failure of the immune system in young patients is the main risk factor for the manifestation of any infections, including staphylococcal infections. The golden bacterium easily overcomes the undeveloped phagocytic defense of the child's body at the very beginning of life.

Infectious nasal lesions are diagnosed in more than 95% of newborn babies, and this is due to the presence of the disease in the mother.

Staphylococcus infection can occur in utero, during childbirth, or is associated with insufficient hygiene, in the process of caring for the baby.

Unlike adults, children suffer from the disease very painfully. The localization of bacteria in the nose in babies is immediately manifested by the syndrome of burnt skin (skin rashes in the form of vesicular formations), reminiscent of a burn. The main symptoms are manifested:

staphylococcal stomatitis;
severe hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the mouth;
the formation of ulcerative aft on the tongue, mucous membrane of the cheeks and palate.

Bacterial reproduction causes nasopharyngitis or rhinitis in infants, without the manifestation of general intoxication symptoms, but with signs of a slight inflammatory reaction. All this causes loss of appetite and weight loss in the baby.

The addition of acute respiratory infections can cause the development of staphylococcal sore throat with the formation of purulent-necrotic inclusions on the palatine tongue, palatine arches and tonsils.

The child's pharynx is hyperemic, severe sore throat, high fever, signs of lymphadenopathy are noted. The duration of the disease is from one to two weeks. In older children, signs of the presence of staphylococcal bacteria in the nose may appear:

discharge from the nose of a transparent secretion at the onset of the disease, and with purulent inclusions in the process of development;
a sharp change in voice (nasal and hoarseness);
irregularities of high temperature;
hyperemia and pustular eruptions on the skin in the nasal region;
a decrease in the functions of smell;
pain symptoms in the abdomen;
indigestion and refusal to eat;
skin rashes.

Breathing through the mouth is a characteristic symptom of illness. Nasal congestion causes insomnia and, as a result, high irritability in the child.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in a child's nose should be started immediately, after the first signs appear. Since the infection multiplies rapidly, weakens the immune system, penetrates into various organs and systems of the body, affecting them, causing the development of dangerous pathological processes.

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose, drugs and tests

One hundred percent probability of the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is determined by the method of laboratory examination of nasopharyngeal swabs and indicators of the study of bacteria on various nutrient media.

Even a small number of staphylococci of grade 3 or second identified by nasal culture, which is an acceptable norm, requires treatment.

Such indicators in the analyzes can indicate both the onset of the pathological process and the carriage of the infection - this can at any time manifest itself as the rapid development of the disease, with the slightest decrease in immune functions.

Methods for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose provide an integrated approach with a mandatory prescription:

Antibacterial drugs that destroy pathogenic microorganisms - "Unazin", "Ofloxacin", "Amoxiclav" or "Ceftriaxone".
Immunostimulating agents for streptococcus in the nose, which have a destructive effect on bacteria - streptococcal bacteriophages, immunomodulating spray "IRS-19", vitamin complexes.
Complex schemes of immunostimulation, with significantly suppressed immunity in the composition - "Taktivin", "Polyoxidonium", "Antistatic immunoglobulin".
Symptomatic treatment of staphylococcus in the nose with antihistamine agents that relieve swelling of the mucous membranes, and other irritating reactions - "Diazolin", "Tevegil" or their analogues.
Local treatment in the form of nasal instillation for 3 weeks / day with an oil antimicrobial solution of "Chlorophyllipt".
Rinsing the sinuses with saline and antimicrobial antiseptic "Chlorhexidine" - from 3 to 5 drops 3 / day for a week.
Direct application to inflamed ulcerated and purulent areas, "Tetracycline", "Erythromycin" ointments, "Fusiderm" and "Bactroban" - a weekly course, three times a day.
Surgical opening of purulent formations followed by an antiseptic procedure.

The need to prescribe antibiotic therapy is due only to severe forms of the disease, with a check of the patient's sensitivity to these drugs and the resistance of bacteria to them. Lack of timely treatment can be complicated by the most unexpected consequences.

Probable consequences and prognosis

With untimely treatment or improperly selected therapy, the risk of developing a chronic form of the disease or various severe complications increases.

Any type of staphylococcus hazardous to health, but its golden form can be life-threatening - under its influence, the most severe forms of pneumonia develop, the spread of bacteria through the blood may well cause sepsis. Such processes are developing so rapidly that drug therapy does not have time to help the patient, leading to his death.

Long-term healing processes of ulcerative formations lead to cicatricial formations and connective tissue cords, which subsequently completely guarantees a protracted course of any cold infection - a runny nose complicated by sinusitis, the development of frontal sinusitis and other pathologies.

In severe cases, partial or complete loss of the sense of smell is possible.

With timely and correctly selected treatment, in compliance with all the rules of the treatment process, the symptoms of the disease disappear within one and a half or two weeks.

I especially want to note, for those mothers who are fond of folk healing - such treatment is dangerous for children. No one disputes the healing properties of one or the other method, if it is scientifically substantiated and confirmed by years of use.

But, treatment with folk remedies, especially for children, is unacceptable. This is due to the fact that folk recipes, no matter how good they were, have an accumulative system of action, and staphylococcus is developing rapidly and the healing effect of home recipes may simply not have time to work.

Do not take risks, entrust the treatment of your child to a specialist.

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