Nootropics have been developed to boost metabolism and improve the functioning of cells in the nervous system. Today, nootropics, the effectiveness of which has been proven in the course of research, are used mainly for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Nootropic drugs contain chemical compounds that enhance brain activity, stimulate the nervous system and metabolic processes in general. The increased stress on the nervous system slows down the activity of the brain and leads to impaired blood circulation.
These drugs are able to increase energy, speed of thinking and memorization of information. It is not for nothing that they are also called “smart drugs”.
Nootropics with proven effectiveness affect the activity of nerve impulses, speeding up the work of the brain. Piracetam (the first nootropic substance) was invented in Belgium in 1964 as a pyrrolidone derivative. From this stage, the synthesis and development of neurometabolic stimulants began.
Nootropics with proven effectiveness help with neuralgic diseases. The list of drugs will help you choose the best ones.
The most common nootropics are:
- derivatives of pyrrolidone;
- diaphenylpyrrolidone derivatives;
- derivatives of amino acids;
- neuropeptides.
Complex preparations have been developed that contain a combination of stimulating substances.
Indications for admission
When the properties of nootropics were first studied, they were used to treat senile dementia. Over time, the range of application of these drugs has expanded to the fields of pediatrics, neurology, narcology and psychiatry.
In the CIS countries, nootropic drugs are prescribed for the treatment of:
- pathological damage to the vessels of the brain;
- degradation of integrative function;
- neurotic disorder;
- infectious lesions of the nervous system;
- complications of traumatic brain injury;
- decrease in the integrative functions of the brain;
- alcohol addiction.
In the field of pediatrics, nootropics are prescribed for:
- mental retardation;
- damage to the nervous system at birth;
- chronic brain abnormalities;
- delayed speech development.
In addition to these cases, nootropic drugs are used to treat private neurological pathologies and in the complex treatment of various diseases.
Contraindications
The effectiveness of nootropics has been proven in many cases, but do not forget about contraindications for taking neurostimulants.
Depending on the type, nootropic drugs should not be taken by patients with:
- severe diseases of blood vessels and heart;
- pronounced psychomotor activity;
- diabetes mellitus;
- diseases of the urinary system;
- hypotension;
- individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
- stomach ulcer.
Also, nootropics are inappropriate to take during pregnancy and with muscle cramps.
Instructions for use
Nootropic drugs are available in the form of tablets, ampoules for injection, intranasal drops. The dosage depends on the reason for the administration of the drug. In the initial days of admission, the maximum dosage is prescribed to accelerate the achievement of the result. In the following days, the dosage is gradually reduced. Nootropics have a cumulative effect in the body.
A sharp refusal to take neurostimulants is contraindicated. It is not recommended to take these drugs in the afternoon, as there may be side effects in the form of sleep disturbance. After intravenous injections, it is desirable to reduce physical activity for the next half hour.
The effect of taking some medications is not felt immediately, but after a while, mainly 1-2 weeks.
In certain cases, nootropics can cause addiction and withdrawal symptoms. These drugs cannot be combined with alcoholic beverages. Nootropics can be prescribed to professional athletes to restore the body.
Possible side effects
Side effects from taking pyrrolidone derivatives are mainly manifested in people with mental disabilities.
You can rarely observe such reactions:
- dizziness;
- irritability;
- difficulty falling asleep;
- malfunctions of the digestive tract.
Anticholinesterase drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease can cause the following side effects:
- salivation;
- vomit;
- diarrhea;
- lack of coordination;
- lack of appetite;
- stomach cramps.
Also, sometimes there may be an increase in temperature, pressure surges and motor overexcitation. In general, the negative consequences of taking nootropic drugs are very rare.
A list of proven nootropics for children and adults. Review of drugs, cost
Nootropics with proven effectiveness are presented on the market today in a large assortment.
The most popular of them are presented in the table:
| Name | the effect | Is it prescribed to children | Average price, rub |
| Nootropil | Improves memory, increases the stability of neural connections | Yes | 240 |
| Phenotropil | Improving the perception of information, raising the mood | No | 850 |
| Biotredin | Activating the work of the brain, relieving stress | from 15 years old | 140 |
| Calcium Hopanthenate | Neuroprotective and sedative | Yes | 260 |
| Semax | Enhancing attention and concentration | Yes | 400 |
| Glycine | Relieves stress, increases performance | Yes | 50 |
Nootropil
Nootropil is one of the first and most common representatives of the racetam nootropics. This drug is marketed in the form of tablets or ampoules for intravenous injection.
Under the action of Nootropil, the level of norepinephrine and dopamine in the blood increases, microcirculation and metabolic processes in tissues improve. There is an increase in human cognitive abilities, which improves memory and quick perception of information.
Nootropil acts cumulatively, therefore, after taking one tablet or administering one injection of the drug, you should not wait for a visible result. However, after the end of therapy with pyrrolidine derivatives, which include Nootropil, the agent continues to act for 2-4 weeks.
The drug Nootropil is prescribed for both children and adults, depending on the diagnosis. It has successfully proven itself in the treatment of alcohol addiction and senile dementia.
The negative aspects of this remedy include insomnia and hyperexcitability, which are extremely rare. The drug should not be used by pregnant and lactating women, as well as patients with acute kidney disease.
Phenotropil
Proven efficacy nootropics have a strong position in the mental stimulant market. These include the well-known agent Phenotropil.
This modification of piracetam acts in many ways in the body:
- stimulation of integrative functions;
- production of hormones of joy and pleasure;
- neuromodulating effect;
- increasing the protective properties of the body;
- antidepressant action.
Phenotropil is characterized by a faster effect on the body, since its molecules are actively perceived through the blood-brain barrier. Phenotropil tablets are used to treat neuroses, depression and chronic alcoholism. The drug is not addictive, but it can provoke loss of appetite. This neurostimulator is prescribed only for adult patients.
Contraindications for admission:
- pregnancy;
- lactation;
- liver and kidney disease.
The disadvantages of Phenotropil include the high cost and sale only with a doctor's prescription.
Biotredin
Biotredin tablets contain the active substances threonine and pyridoxine hydrochloride. The main direction of application of the tool is the treatment of alcohol dependence. Biotredin also relieves nervousness and tension, improves memory and concentration.
In addition to enhancing the cognitive functions of the brain, the drug has an antidepressant effect.
Biotredin is able to eliminate anxiety and irritability, restoring the stability of the nervous system to heavy loads. A 10-day course is enough to experience the benefits of the drug. According to the instructions, Biotredin is prescribed only to adult patients who do not have hypersensitivity to vitamin B.
The active substance pyridoxine does not accumulate in the body, but is processed and excreted through the excretory system. Biotredin should not be taken in conjunction with other medications that stimulate the nervous system. The drug has practically no side effects.
Calcium Hopanthenate
Calcium Hopanthenate is one of the few neurotropic drugs used to treat young children.
Indications for taking hopantenic acid derivatives:
- mental retardation;
- dysfunction of the brain;
- nervous system infections;
- neurotic disorders;
- cerebral paralysis;
- perinatal damage to the nervous system.
In the treatment of pediatric pathologies, calcium Hopantenate can improve motor skills, increase concentration and reduce hyperexcitability.
The tool has the following types of effects:
- increasing the body's resistance to stressful situations;
- stimulation of cognitive functions of the brain;
- moderate sedative and analgesic effect;
- raising the general tone.
With great intellectual and emotional stress, the drug helps to normalize the mental state. Simultaneous administration of sedatives is undesirable.
Derivatives of butyric acid have a beneficial effect on the energetics of the neuron, neurodynamics, blood circulation in the nervous system. An optimal combination of stimulating and calming action of calcium Hopantenate is observed.
Neurobutal
Neurobutal belongs to nootropic drugs with sedative function. The active ingredient is calcium oxybutyrate.
The effect of treatment with this remedy:
- tranquilizing;
- adaptogenic;
- soothing;
- antihypoxic;
- anesthetic.
The drug is prescribed to smooth out various neurotic conditions, with insomnia and withdrawal symptoms. Neurobutal tablets are quickly absorbed in the body without having a cumulative effect. The complex and fast action of the drug makes it possible to use it in the treatment of panic attacks.
The negative effect can be expressed in sleep disturbance and headaches. At the moment, Neurobutal is not sold in pharmacies in the Russian Federation.
Semax
Nootropics with proven effectiveness are available not only in pill form, but also in the form of nasal drops. The convenient form of release of Semax allows the active substance to quickly penetrate the cell membrane of the body.
This agent is a synthetic analogue of the hormone, which has a nootropic and adaptogenic effect. The psychostimulating effect of Semax is used in pediatrics, neurology, ophthalmology and narcology.
The main indications for the use of the product:
- complications of traumatic brain injury;
- rehabilitation after a stroke;
- neurotic disorders;
- senile dementia;
- withdrawal syndrome treatment;
- glaucoma;
- ischemic attacks.
Semax also allows you to increase the intellectual and mnestic functions of the brain, has a beneficial effect on hemodynamics and blood circulation in the brain. The drug activates mental and work activity.
The main directions of exposure to the body:
- neurometabolic;
- neuroprotective;
- antioxidant;
- antihypoxic.
Semax is contraindicated in acute mental disorders and pregnancy.
Acefen
Acefen (active compound - meclofenoxate) is a derivative of plant growth hormone that improves metabolic processes in the body. The drug has a moderate neurostimulating effect, restoring the blood supply to brain cells. An unusual function of this nootropic is its rejuvenating effect on nerve cells.
Also, Acefen is characterized by the following functions:
- mnemotropic;
- neurotransmitter;
- antihypoxic.
Indications for taking the drug: treatment of craniocerebral trauma, mental retardation, discirculatory encephalopathy, psychopathological disorders. Can be used in combination with piracetam. To date, Acefen is not available for sale in Russia.
Glycine
Glycine is one of the well-known nootropics that is approved for use by adults and children. Psychoemotional stress and excessive mental stress can lead to impaired concentration and sleep. To maintain the body's resistance to such influences, you can take advantage of this budgetary funds.
The complex action of Glycine tablets is:
- improving attention and thinking;
- influence on the assimilation of information;
- elimination of lethargy;
- stimulation of impulses;
- reducing nervousness.
The drug is prescribed for a decrease in mental performance, diseases of the nervous system, disorders of cerebral circulation. The tool effectively helps with frequent stress and nervousness. Glycine is practically harmless and has no contraindications. A combination with tranquilizing agents is undesirable. The drug can be administered to children from 3 years of age.
The stimulating effect of nootropics helps normalize mental health and enhance cognitive performance. The effectiveness of these drugs has been proven in experimental studies with therapy in moderate doses.
Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg
Proven Effective Nootropics Videos
Top 7 Best Nootropics:
What are new generation nootropic drugs and how they differ from other drugs in this group, what active ingredients they contain and for what diseases and disorders they are indicated, the rules for using nootropics.
New generation nootropic drugs are agents that are responsible for stimulating the brain and its work, and protecting nervous reactions. The list of new drugs in this group is quite large. As a rule, these are complex substances that consist of the nootropic component itself, as well as a number of additional ingredients such as amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins that improve the functioning of brain cells.
Features and types of new generation nootropics
People have been using nootropics in various forms for a long time. The simplest and very first known nootropic is choline. Substance contains eggs, meat, fish, seafood. After eating food that is rich in animal protein, the hormone serotonin is produced in the brain.
It is responsible for the sensation of pleasure, and also has a positive effect on the connections of neurons. The brain is involved in active work, memory becomes better, as well as thought processes. Similar nootropic protozoa are found in green tea, coffee, nicotine, and amphetamines.
After nootropic drugs were developed and studied in the laboratory in the middle of the 20th century, a classification of these drugs was created: stimulants, reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, racetams, vasodilators, metabolic enhancers.
Currently, racetams are mainly used in medicine. These substances are the basis for new nootropic drugs. Racetams are a chemical structure derived from pyrrolidine. Today there are many different new generation pharmacological preparations.
Previously, in order to improve mental performance, herbal ingredients such as lemongrass, ginseng, ginkgo biloba were widely used. These plants are still ingredients of nootropic drugs. Unlike natural natural stimulants, the latter have a more precise effect on specific areas of the brain.
This makes it possible to use new drugs not only to enhance memory and improve intelligence, but also in the treatment of more serious deviations and ailments, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Due to this, these drugs are considered the most effective among all nootropics.
Composition and characteristics of the components of new nootropic drugs
As a rule, such drugs contain two or more components that complement each other's action. Often in the composition of new nootropic drugs you can find:
- Dimethylaminoethanol... This is a substance that is actively involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine. Acts as an antioxidant, improves memory, mental ability, physical endurance.
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid... The main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Takes an active part in the metabolism of the brain, as well as in neurotransmitter processes.
- Pantothenic acid (B5)... Participates in the metabolic processes of the brain, the synthesis of acetylcholine. Participates in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
- Pyridoxine (B6)... This is a coenzyme of proteins, which is involved in the uniform supply of glucose to the cells of the body, and is involved in the processing of amino acids.
- Vitamin B15... It helps to eliminate cell hypoxia, has a vasodilating effect, and has a detoxifying property.
- Vitamin E... It takes part in the synthesis of hormones, performs the functions of an antioxidant, prevents the formation of blood clots, helps the muscles to function normally.
- Folic acid... Participates in the processes of DNA replication, in cell division.
Useful properties of new generation nootropic drugs
According to the definition of the World Health Organization, the group of new generation nootropics should include drugs that have a direct activating effect on the learning process, memory, and mental activity. In addition, these drugs increase the resistance of the brain to various aggressive factors.
The general properties of new nootropic drugs are as follows:
- Improving thought processes - learning or cognitive functions;
- Increase in the speed of memorization and strength of data storage;
- The growth of intellectual activity, an increase in the volume of intellectual abilities;
- Forgetting stressful conditions and information about various pains;
- Stimulation of metabolic processes in neural tissue, mainly in various pathologies, such as intoxication, trauma, anoxia;
- Improvement of the impact on the mental state and higher nervous activity in morphological and functional pathologies;
- An increase in the resistance of the brain's thought processes to unfavorable factors of the internal and external environment: stroke, trauma, hypoxia.
Nootropic drugs of a new generation do not affect the psyche and higher nervous activity of a healthy person.
Indications for the use of new nootropics
Let us consider in more detail what are the indications for taking new generation nootropic drugs to increase mental performance:
- Psychoorganic syndrome. In medicine, it is understood as an extensive group of diseases that manifest themselves in dystrophic changes in nerve tissues. These are such ailments: epilepsy, various types of dementia, Parkinson's disease, neuroinfections, cerebral palsy, ischemic stroke.
- Chronic alcoholism that accompanies withdrawal symptoms and delirium.
- Addiction.
- Asthenia of organic and neurotic genesis, asthenoneurotic and asthenodepressive syndromes, VSD, migraine, sleep disturbances, emotional lability.
- Correction of neuroleptic syndrome.
- Violation of the correct urination of neurogenic etiology.
- Somatic-vegetative disorders.
- Neurotic and neurosis-like pathologies.
- Chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency.
- Sickle cell anemia.
- Chronic psychopathology, schizophrenia, childhood mental retardation, neurosis-like disorders, depression.
- Organic brain syndrome of people of advanced age.
- As part of the complex treatment of ophthalmic pathologies.
Side effects and contraindications of new nootropics
Each drug of the nootropic class has its own contraindications. In general terms, the following can be distinguished:
- Pregnancy;
- Lactation;
- Individual intolerance to the components;
- Psychomotor agitation;
- Bulimia
- Renal failure;
- Liver failure;
- Chorea of Huntington;
- The period after an acute hemorrhagic stroke;
- Severe renal dysfunction.
The mechanism of action of new generation nootropic drugs
Nootropic drugs directly affect a number of brain functions. As a result, the interaction between the hemispheres and the main centers of the cortex improves.
New generation medicines increase the utilization of sugar, as well as the formation of ATP, have a stimulating effect on the synthesis of RNA and proteins. The process of oxidative phospholation under their influence is suspended, and the cell membranes are stabilized.
The mechanisms of action of new nootropics include:
- Antioxidant;
- Membrane stabilizing;
- Neuroprotective;
- Antihypoxic.
The advantage of this mechanism of action is that irreversible changes in the cortex do not occur. With the ease with which the racetam molecules bind to the receptors, they detach.
In addition, since the human body does not produce racetam on its own, it is unlikely that byproducts will occur that could cause negative effects. In this way, a powerful nootropic effect is achieved without side effect.
Each racetam is uniquely formulated to bind to specific neuroreceptors. As a rule, such drugs are used in groups in order to achieve the best effect.
The effectiveness of new generation nootropic drugs for the elderly is increased if they are combined with psychostimulants and angioprotectors. This is how impaired intellectual functions are stimulated and corrected. For children, neurometabolic stimulants are recommended to combat mental retardation.
Instructions for the use of new nootropics
Self-administration of new generation nootropic drugs without a doctor's recommendation is prohibited. It is only permissible to use without prescribing herbal medicines based on ginkgo biloba, lemongrass and other plants. Such drugs are more likely biologically active additives than medicines.
There are many different drugs in this group. They have a different form and direction of action. Mainly available in the form of tablets, capsules, injection solutions and suspensions.
It should be noted that the maximum effectiveness of the use of these drugs is achieved only after several weeks and even months.
Review of new generation nootropics
The list of new generation nootropic drugs is quite extensive. As a rule, the newest medicines have a combined composition and combine racetams and excipients.
Popular remedies are:
- Phezam... It is a combination of piracetam and cynarizine. The medicine is in the form of capsules. It is recommended as a means of complex therapy for the treatment of circulatory disorders in the brain. After using it, microcirculation in the brain improves, blood vessels expand, vision and hearing improve. The drug eliminates the effects of hypoxia, relieves headaches, dizziness, and fights amnesia. As a rule, people who have suffered a stroke, encephalitis and various traumatic brain injuries are prescribed a long-term intake of Phezam. The price per package of the drug (60 capsules) ranges from 170 to 250 rubles.
- Orocetam... A combination of piracetam and orotic acid. These are intravenous injections. The drug helps to overcome severe brain intoxication. Improves metabolic processes in brain cells. It activates the reparative and detoxification function of the liver. The price is about 50 rubles per ampoule of the drug.
- Thiocetam... A combination of piracetam and thiotriosaline. It is in the form of tablets and injections. It is used to improve cerebral circulation in the cerebral cortex. It is often used to treat speech disorders and the effects of alcohol intoxication. The price of the new generation nootropic drug Thiocetam is 540 rubles per pack of 60 tablets.
New generation nootropic drugs are a panacea in the treatment of various disorders of the brain. Also, these drugs help to improve the intellectual abilities of people of different ages. Taking these medications should be agreed with your doctor.
Nootropic drugs are of great relevance. Although the first nootropic drug, Piracetam, was synthesized back in 1964, it is only now that the means for improving the brain activity of this group have been made public, especially among schoolchildren, students and the elderly. Nootropics have practically no side effects, the most obvious is overexcitation, which can manifest itself either in hyperactivity or in panic attacks. The reviews note that in order to obtain such negative effects, it is necessary to use a very large dosage of the drug, in all other cases, this is nothing more than self-hypnosis.
As a standard, in order to obtain the desired effect, namely, to improve brain function, increase learning ability, concentration of attention, it is important to drink a course, at least a week, to get the first noticeable changes. At the same time, it is not enough just to take the drug and expect the emergence of new knowledge from nowhere, some kind of enlightenment. It is necessary to constantly use logic, read some information and the like. This is how nootropic drugs can help, for example, the same students before exams; the student must surround himself with the necessary educational literature and begin to study it. Thanks to the effect of improving blood circulation, oxygenation of brain cells, information is better remembered and assimilated.
Nootropics are relevant not only among advanced youth, but also among the elderly. With age, brain cells begin to actively die off, and therefore, symptoms of senile marasmus, sclerosis and other age-related diseases associated with brain activity may appear. An elderly body needs to be helped, to saturate it with useful elements, and it is nootropics that can significantly improve the overall picture of the vital activity of an elderly person.
Often, nootropic drugs are prescribed for patients with traumatic brain injury, as well as for children with prolonged speech and mental development. In the first case, nootropics will help restore the functioning of the brain functions, tune in the same way, and in the second, when the child does not want to start talking or does not show any success in learning, the nootropics will allow him to focus on new information and broaden his horizons. Another indication for the use of these funds can be alcohol dependence.
- Online reviews and general reputation;
- The opinion of representatives of medicine;
- Value for money;
- Trust level;
- Security.
There are contraindications. Check with your doctor.
Best Budget Nootropics
5 Biotredin
Fights alcohol addiction
Country Russia
Average price: 120 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7
Biotredin is an effective drug used to treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The drug reduces a person's desire to consume alcohol. The tool reduces psycho-emotional arousal, improves memory and has a positive effect on intellectual performance. From the reviews on the Internet, it can be understood that this drug is mainly prescribed to people who abuse alcohol and suffer from physical and psychological alcohol dependence.
Also, the drug is used to improve memory and intellectual activity in children and adolescents. The drug is contraindicated in people with a high susceptibility to vitamin B6. In no case should you take "Biotredin" simultaneously with alcohol or in a state of alcoholic intoxication.
4 Piracetam
The most popular
Country Russia
Average price: 55 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
Piracetam is recognized as one of the best modern nootropic drugs. It is used to accelerate metabolic processes and the propagation of impulses in the cerebral cortex, has a beneficial effect on intellectual abilities and memory development, significantly increases the resistance of the brain to toxin poisoning, and accelerates the processing of glucose. Helps to improve communication between the cerebral hemispheres. Improves cerebral blood flow, without creating, however, a vasodilator effect.
"Piracetam" is recommended to be taken in case of memory impairment, dizziness, decreased alertness and learning disabilities in children. The elderly are advised to take the drug for therapeutic purposes. This drug is contraindicated in people with hypersensitivity, severe renal failure, children under one year old and pregnant women. Also, "Piracetam" should not be used for hemorrhagic stroke.
3 Picamilon
Relieves the elderly from migraines
Country Russia
Average price: 100 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
"Picamilon" refers to nootropic drugs that have tranquilizing, psychostimulating and antioxidant effects. It has a positive effect on brain function by improving tissue metabolism and affecting cerebral circulation. Taking a course of the drug increases physical and intellectual activity, reduces pain in the head, improves memory, helps to reduce the feeling of anxiety and tension. Improves blood circulation in the vessels of the retina and optic nerve.
Helps patients with minor motor and speech disorders, reduces the negative effect of toxins on the central nervous system. The tool is used as part of complex therapy to prevent migraines in the elderly, with cerebrovascular accidents. According to experts, the drug is one of the best in the treatment of severe alcohol and drug addiction. "Picamilon" is contraindicated for people suffering from kidney disease and hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
2 Phenibut
Relieves anxiety
Country Russia
Average price: 150 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9
"Phenibut" is a prescription nootropic drug that has a strong anxiolytic effect, reducing anxiety, anxiety and fear. Prolongs and enhances the effect of sleeping pills. When used as a course, it has a positive effect on the physical and intellectual activity of a person, improves memory, restores healthy sleep.
It is usually prescribed for children with stuttering and enuresis, the elderly, suffering from insomnia and nocturnal anxiety. Also, this tool is often used as part of complex therapy for those suffering from alcohol withdrawal syndrome. According to experts, the drug is contraindicated in pregnant women and children under three years of age. Should be taken with caution in case of stomach ulcers and liver failure. The drug is taken as directed by a doctor and is sold by prescription.
1 Glycine
The best ratio of price and quality
Country Russia
Average price: 30 rubles.
Rating (2019): 5.0
Glycine is an amino acid produced by the human body. "Glycine" is a natural drug that improves memory and mental performance. Reduces human conflicts, improves the ability to social adaptation. The use of this tool allows you to normalize sleep, which is especially important for the elderly. Also, this amino acid restores the functions of the central nervous system after toxic poisoning with alcohol or other medications.
It is recommended to take "Glycine" during stressful situations, problems at work or school, with a decrease in mental performance and with diseases of the nervous system, expressed by high excitability, sleep problems and emotional instability. Since glycine is a natural product, it has no particular contraindications, the exception will be personal sensitivity to the components of the drug.
The best mid-range nootropics
5 Pantogam
Neutralizes psycho-emotional overload
Country Russia
Average price: 640 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6
"Pantogam" significantly increases the resistance of the brain to hypoxia and the effects of toxic substances on the central nervous system, stimulates anabolic processes in neurons. Reduces anxiety and has a positive effect on human social behavior. Effectively affects intellectual activity and activity.
The drug is widely used in medicine: to neutralize the effects of psychoemotional overload, with neurotic disorders caused by traumatic brain injury, with a decrease in intellectual and physical activity, loss of concentration and attention. "Pantogam" is contraindicated in pregnant women, people suffering from serious kidney disease and people under the age of 18.
4 Nootropil
Accelerates the propagation of neural impulses
Country: Belgium
Average price: 330 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7
"Nootropil" is a nootropic drug that improves memory, increases concentration and activates mental activity. The drug stabilizes metabolic processes in nerve cells, has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, increasing the speed of propagation of neural impulses in the brain. The drug is excellent for eliminating the consequences of ischemic stroke.
It can be effectively used for the rehabilitation of patients with traumatic brain injury or toxic brain poisoning. Including, it can be used to increase the learning ability in children. Not recommended for people with impaired cerebral circulation, renal failure, or having an increased susceptibility to the components of the drug. Also contraindicated in children under the age of three.
3 Intellan
Herbal ingredients
Country: Pakistan
Average price: 175 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
Intellan is a herbal preparation containing bioactive amino acids, vitamins and other important microelements. It has a positive effect on memory, mental activity, actively fights against the appearance of anxiety and depression. According to experts, Intellan does not affect a person's ability to function, which makes it one of the best nootropic drugs for car owners.
The remedy is used for a decrease in mental activity, neurotic syndromes associated with mental illness, memory impairment and absent-mindedness, as well as for depression and anxiety. Intellan is contraindicated for persons under the age of eighteen and for pregnant women. The drug should not be taken by those suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular systems, with a deficiency of sucrose and fructose intolerance. During an exacerbation of mental illness, the drug is also contraindicated.
2 Semax
Best nasal drug
Country Russia
Average price: 600 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9
"Semax" is a unique peptide drug, the hormonal activity of which is zero. It has a positive effect on the processes of perception of the surrounding world, improves learning and attentiveness. Promotes rapid adaptation of the central nervous system to the effects of anesthesia. It is a prescription drug and is used only as directed by a specialist.
As a rule, it is used to treat people who have suffered an ischemic stroke, as well as for rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury and severe anesthesia. It has long been used in pediatrics to treat brain dysfunction in children over the age of five. "Semax" cannot be prescribed to children under five years of age and pregnant women. It is important to note that the drug is contraindicated for people in a state of acute mental disorder, accompanied by an acute sense of anxiety.
1 Cavinton
Targeted impact on damaged areas of the central nervous system
Country Russia
Average price: 250 rubles.
Rating (2019): 5.0
"Cavinton" has a beneficial effect on cerebral circulation, reduces blood viscosity and promotes the passage of oxygen through the tissues of the central nervous system. In this case, the drug does not affect the total blood pressure of a person and his pulse rate. The peculiarity of this remedy is that it selectively acts on the damaged area of the central nervous system. The product is used and sold by prescription only.
The ability to point effect, called "reverse steal", makes "Cavinton" one of the best drugs for treating the consequences of stroke, vascular dementia and cerebrovascular accidents. It is also used to treat the choroid and retina of the eye, and even to treat Meniere's disease. The drug is contraindicated in women during pregnancy, persons under 18 years of age, people suffering from arrhythmias, coronary heart disease and having an acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke.
The best nootropic drugs: budget from 750 rubles
5 Cortexin
The most versatile
Country Russia
Average price: 780 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7
Cortexin has a positive effect on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The drug improves memory, attentiveness and learning well, counteracts the influence of stressful situations on the nervous system, and reduces the effect of toxic substances on brain cells. This nootropic is often used in medicine to eliminate the consequences of traumatic brain injury, circulatory disorders and epilepsy.
The drug has gained great popularity among parents of children with delayed psychomotor and speech development. Also, the medicine is widely known among students, during the examination period, with a deterioration in learning and attentiveness. Cortexin is not recommended for pregnant women due to the lack of accurate data from clinical studies. Contraindicated in case of high personal sensitivity to the components of the drug.
4 Encephabol
Fights mental retardation in children
Country: India
Average price: 750 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
"Encephabol" speeds up the metabolism in the brain, increasing the rate of glucose utilization. Stabilizes blood circulation in ischemic areas of the brain. The drug restores disturbed metabolic functions in the nervous tissue, which has a beneficial effect on improving memory, attentiveness and the general tone of the central nervous system. Encephabol shows good results in the treatment of systematic decreases in mental activity.
This remedy helps to get rid of the consequences of postponed encephalitis, and is also used in pediatrics in the treatment of cerebroasthenic syndrome and mental retardation in children. "Encephabol" is contraindicated in renal failure, liver disease and autoimmune diseases. May cause allergic reactions in people with high sensitivity to pyritinol.
3 Phenotropil
Relieves stressful conditions
Country Russia
Average price: 1000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
"Phenotropil" is a nootropic drug that improves blood flow to the brain, the ability to think, memory and attentiveness. Also, this drug increases the resistance of the central nervous system to the effects of stressful situations on it. It is used in case of insufficient cerebral circulation, neurosis, depression and to neutralize the effects of alcohol and drug use.
It is possible to take the drug prophylactically by people whose activities are associated with high psychophysical tension. "Phenotropil" is contraindicated for use in severe kidney and liver diseases, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and high sensitivity to compounds of the pyrrolidone group. If a person has experienced a panic attack or severe psychotic states in the past, then the use of this drug is also contraindicated for him.
2 Pramiracetam
Restores Cognitive Brain Function
Country: Germany
Average price: 3500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9
"Pramiracetam" is a nootropic drug from the racetam group. The effectiveness of this tool has not been fully proven, but, according to experts, it has a positive effect on increasing intellectual activity and cognitive functions of the brain. Improves memory, concentration and alertness. To achieve the full effect, it is recommended to take this drug for four to eight weeks.
As follows from the above, take "Pramiracetam" should be with a decrease in mental performance, loss of concentration and memory problems. The elderly are advised to take the drug for therapeutic purposes. Like other nootropics, Pramiracetam has no particular contraindications. In the reviews, they rarely write about side effects, but with a significant excess of the dosage in the first days of the course, patients complained of headache, insomnia, anxiety, nervousness and tremor.
1 Cogitum
Best stimulating effect
Country: France
Average price: 4500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 5.0
"Cogitum" has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes in nerve tissues and has a stimulating effect. Increases physical activity and immunity. The drug is able to accelerate the removal of ammonia from the body during intoxication with this substance, slightly reduce the radioactive effect. It is often used as part of the complex therapy of asthenic syndrome, as well as for depressive and neurotic conditions of mild severity.
"Cogitum" increases the overall endurance of the central nervous system. Contraindicated in people with high personal sensitivity to acetylaminosuccinic acid and other components of the drug. Not recommended for pregnant women and children under seven children, due to the lack of clinical studies with this group of patients.
Nootropics, the list of drugs of which today is represented by a wide range of drugs, date back to 1963. At that time, Belgian clinicians and pharmacologists managed to synthesize and apply in medical practice the first drug from the group of nootropics - Piracetam.
Numerous studies have proven clinical improvements in patients of various groups against the background of constant use of Piracetam, including increased memory, facilitation of learning processes.
In 1972, the term "nootropics" was coined to denote a class of drugs for improving the integrative functionality of the brain. In modern neurology, nootropic drugs are an integral part of the treatment of various disorders in children and adults.
Characteristics of the pharmaceutical group
Nootropics(from the Greek noos - mind, thoughts and tropos - vector, direction) are widely used in neurological practice to positively influence the higher integrative functions of the brain. With the help of drugs, they correct some behavioral reactions in humans and adults, increase resistance to stressful situations, the ability to learn, and chronic hypoxia. Other functions of the drugs are:
maintaining the energy structure of a neuron (nerve cell);
improving the functionality of the central nervous system;
activation of the plastic functionality of the central nervous system;
providing a pronounced neuroprotective effect;
normalization and stabilization of the cell membrane;
minimizes the oxygen demand of nerve cells.
The nootropic effect can be primary with a direct effect on neurons and secondary with an improvement in the general cerebral circulation. There are two main groups of nootropics:
true (improvement of mnestic functions of the brain and nervous system);
combined action (combination of several functions at the same time).
Synonyms for the pharmacological group of nootropics are cerebroprotectors, neuroregulators, neuroanabolics, eutotrophic, neurometabolic drugs. All terms reflect the general effect of drugs - the ability to stimulate metabolic processes in the nervous structures of the human body.
Mechanism of action
Nootropic drugs directly affect the whole spectrum of the functional abilities of the brain, contributing to their vigorous activity. Thanks to adequate therapy, concentration of attention improves, the interaction of the right and left hemispheres is facilitated. It has been proven that the drugs rejuvenate the body and prolong the life of patients with a burdened clinical neurological history.
The biogenic origin of the drug significantly affects all processes of intracellular metabolism, stimulating protein synthesis, excretion of excess glucose, and ATP formation. The following mechanisms and effects of exposure are distinguished:
membrane stabilizing effect;
antioxidant;
antihypoxic;
neuroprotective.
There is a significant increase in the resistance of the brain to the negative effects of exogenous and endogenous factors. The effectiveness of drugs is enhanced with the simultaneous use of angioprotectors, psychostimulants. The main category of patients to whom nootropics are prescribed are children and the elderly.
The main indications for use
Typical indications for the prescription of nootropic drugs are the following conditions:
psychoorganic syndrome (dystrophic changes in the nervous tissue of any genesis);
alcoholism with withdrawal symptoms;
drug addiction;
neuroleptic syndrome (as a combination therapy);
neurotic or organic asthenia;
cerebrovascular insufficiency;
sickle cell anemia;
ophthalmic pathologies (complex therapy).
With the help of nootropics, urination disorders of a neurogenic nature are treated. Nootropic drugs are a necessary measure for Parkinson's disease, ischemia, cerebral palsy, epileptic seizures.
Contraindications and side effects
Nootropic drugs can be prescribed with relative contraindications at the discretion of the attending physician. Among the absolute contraindications, there are acute or chronic renal failure, pregnancy and lactation, hepatic diseases with a burdened course, acute hemorrhagic stroke, hypersensitivity, pronounced psychomotor agitation. The side effects of the drug are the following conditions:
sleep disturbance, insomnia;
dyspeptic disorders;
increased excitability:
anxiety syndrome, panic attacks;
hypotension;
increased effect on hepatic or renal function;
convulsive syndrome, epileptic seizures;
lack of coordination, unsteadiness of gait;
redness of the face, feeling of heat;
severe iosinophilia;
hallucinations and confusion;
thrombophlebitis, febrile syndrome.
While taking the drug, allergic rashes on the body like urticaria, itching, burning sensation on the skin, mainly in the neck, face, back, are possible. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to stop treatment or adjust the daily dosage. Cases of drug overdose have not been registered.
Basic nootropic drugs
Which is the best treatment for neurological diseases? The use of nootropic drugs can be combined and independent. Usually, nootropics are used as a stand-alone therapy for minor disorders. The following drugs with proven efficacy are widely used in neurological practice:
Piracetam.
Probably the most popular nootropic. The drug enhances metabolic processes in the brain. It is used to treat systematic dizziness, correction of dyslexic syndrome. In adult patients, the drug is used as a complex therapy for myocardial infarction, withdrawal symptoms for addictions of any genesis. Doctors prescribe a drug to treat neuroinfections caused by viral agents.
Memoplant
One of the best herbal nootropics. The German drug Memoplant contains a highly purified extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb 761®. Many preparations of ginkgo biloba contain a significant amount of harmful impurities - ginkgolic acids. Memoplant is free from this drawback, since it is cleaned in 27 production stages.
The drug increases the resistance of the nervous tissue to a lack of oxygen, improves cerebral circulation. Effective for dizziness, tinnitus or head noises, as well as for memory loss and performance impairment.
Vinpocetine.
Against the background of constant intake, the vessels of the brain expand, microcirculation increases. The active substance of the drug provides complete oxygen transport to the brain tissues, increases the absorption of nutrients. Vinpocetine has a pronounced neuroprotective and antioxidant effect. The treatment regimen changes from the introduction of first intravenous solutions with the transition afterwards to the tablet forms of the drug. Used as an adjuvant in antihypertensive therapy.
Phenibut.
High efficiency is noted for functional disorders of the vestibular apparatus, sleep disorders, neurosthenia, asthenic syndrome. Against the background of long-term use, metabolic processes in the tissues of the brain are normalized at the cellular level. The strengths of the drug are its psychostimulating ability and antioxidant effect. The drug is characterized by low toxicity, small side effects.
Phenotropil.
The drug belongs to a new generation of nootropics with a pronounced adaptogenic effect. Patients show resistance to stressful situations without causing drug dependence. Phenotropil is prescribed for patients with strong emotional and mental stress.
Phezam.
Nootropic, directly intended for the treatment of impaired blood circulation in the brain. Effective for serious diseases of the nervous system, circulatory disorders in the vascular system of the brain. In complex therapy, headaches with increased intracranial pressure are stopped, and the functioning of the organs of hearing and vision is improved. Phezam is prescribed for amnesia, is highly effective in hypoxic syndrome.
Cinnarizine.
A drug designed to strengthen the vascular walls of the brain during their dilatation (stretching). At the same time, blood pressure indicators remain in the usual norm. Effective as the prevention of motion sickness, disorders of the vestibular apparatus. It is prescribed for chronic migraines, with increased hypertension, accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus, headache. Cinnarizine is used in adult women to relieve menopause symptoms.
Cerebrolysin.
The safety and effectiveness of the drug has been proven by numerous studies. It is used as an adjuvant therapy against serious mental and neurological disorders. With the correct prescription of the dosage, mental processes are activated, concentration of attention and mood increase. Long-term use improves memory, increases learning ability.
Actovegin.
A drug related to antihypoxic nootropics. Used to treat metabolic disorders in the brain, promotes rapid wound healing. The drug is used as a complex therapy for radiation lesions of the skin, for diabetic polyneuropathy. Actovegin is available in the form of tablets, intramuscular, intravenous solutions and intra-arterial injections. There is a form of the drug for topical use.
Nootropic drugs for the treatment of serious neurological disorders are used in adult neurological practice. When used as a complex therapy, the likelihood of a decrease or increase in the activity of other drugs is taken into account.
Best nootropics for kids
In pediatric practice, nootropics are used to treat mental retardation, to improve attention, speech development, and low school performance. Children's nootropic drugs have been widely used since 1952. The main reasons for the appointment are the following conditions in children of different ages:
cerebrosthenia;
hypoxic syndrome in infantile cerebral palsy:
poor speech development;
intellectual disability;
encephalopathy.
It has been proven that in childhood, the tolerance of nootropic drugs is much better than in adults. The following are considered essential medicines for children:
Piracetam(Nootropil, Cerebril, Lucetam, Oikamid). 
Used in children from 1 year old, available in tablets, ampoules, capsules. It is not prescribed for children with increased emotional excitability. The active substance has a beneficial effect on the brain, enhances susceptibility to intellectual stress, stabilizes concentration, and promotes learning.
Pantogam.
An anticonvulsant drug suitable for children from the first days of life. It is dispensed from pharmacies in the form of syrups and tablets. It is used to treat infantile cerebral palsy, improve the condition in autism, schizophrenia. Pantogam is used for children with neurogenic or stress urinary incontinence. Also, against the background of constant use, the emotional background of the child is normalized, especially with delayed mental and speech development. The likelihood of developing side effects is also reduced: drowsiness, allergic reactions, dyspeptic disorders.
Picamilon.
The drug, designed to expand the blood vessels of the brain, is analogous to Piracetam in terms of active substance and effectiveness. Has a mild tranquilizing effect. From pharmacies it is dispensed in the form of injections for intravenous and intramuscular administration, in tablets. In pediatrics, it is prescribed for children from 3 years old. A nootropic agent is especially effective for high emotional stress, with increased physical and mental activity.
Phenibut.
The tool belongs to the latest generation of drugs. It is prescribed for children to stimulate the normal functioning of the nervous system, increase mental and intellectual activity, while helping to cope with overload. The drug has a low degree of toxicity, suitable for children over 2 years old. The main side effects include nausea, increased drowsiness, and dizziness. It is dispensed from pharmacy chains in the form of powder and tablets.
Pyritinol.
The drug is intended for a mild sedation effect. It is necessary in the treatment of depressive syndrome in adolescents, with vegetative-vascular dystonia, excessive fatigue. It is a complex drug for mental and mental retardation. Not recommended for use in children under 12 months of age. Despite its high activity, the remedy has a number of side effects: loss of taste, dyspnea, polymyositis, nausea and dizziness.
Cinnarizine(Vertizin, Disiron, Cyrizin, Baltsinnarzin, Cinnaron). 
It is used in pediatrics to treat children over 12 years old, but recently it has been used in children from 1 year of age. The drug has many side effects from typical nausea to epileptic seizures, impaired renal and liver function, arterial hypotension. The effectiveness of the drug has not been proven. The drug is available in the form of capsules and tablets.
Semax.
The drug is widely used in pediatric practice due to its high efficiency and convenient pharmacological form. The drug eliminates excessive moodiness, emotional excitability. Side effects are expressed in dizziness, nausea, irritation of the nasal mucosa. Used in children with delayed speech development, sleep disturbance.
Glycine.
The active ingredient is aminoacetic acid. The drug is well tolerated by young children and is effective for excessive emotional arousal. Against the background of long-term use, the ability to work, the ability to learn is activated, night sleep is regulated, and the concentration of attention increases. Glycine is suitable for treating children of any age.
Gammalon.
A novelty from Japan, it is a follower of Piracetam. A similar composition of Gammalon is contained in Aminalon, but the price of the drug is much lower. If the cost of a Japanese nootropic reaches 2500 rubles. per package, then Aminalon costs 100-150 rubles. per packing. The effectiveness of both drugs has not been studied or proven. The price and quality of the Japanese product is more of a marketing ploy.
The opinions of experts about the effectiveness of nootropics in children differ. Some consider drugs to be irreplaceable means in the treatment of any neurogenic disorders, psychoemotional disorders. Others doubt the effectiveness of nootropic drugs due to the lack of clinical data for use in childhood. Basically, nootropic drugs are used to "calm down" as an adjunct treatment to baseline treatment. All drugs are dispensed from pharmacy chains without a prescription.
List of the best nootropics
What are the best drugs to take in a specific clinical situation should be decided by the attending physician. To date, there are several of the most effective drugs that have found the broadest application both in pediatrics and in the adult practice of treating diseases of a neurogenic nature:
Cerebrolysin;
Vinpocetine;
Biotredin;
Aminalon;
Biotredin.
Piracetam;
Nootropil;
The effect of continuous use of modern nootropic drugs begins only after a few months. As an independent drug, nootropics are used as a prophylaxis for neurological diseases, decreased performance in adults, and impaired concentration.
Combined funds
Among nootropics, there are drugs with a combined composition. Such funds include two or more active components, which, to one degree or another, enhance or reduce the action of each other. The main drugs of the series are:
Hamalate B6 (as part of Pyridoxine hydrochloride, magnesium glutamate hydrobromide);
Omaron, Fezam, Evrisa, Noozom (Piracetam and Cinnarizin, auxiliary components);
Neuronorm (active substances Piracetam and Cinnarizine);
Olatropil (Piracetam and GABA);
Thiocetam (Piracetam and Thiotriazolin).
All products are similar in effectiveness to Piracetam. Combined drugs are used for severe problems, similar to popular drugs are used in monotherapy and in combination with other drugs.
All medications, despite the absence of side effects, require a doctor's prescription. Only on the basis of medical research data can an accurate diagnosis be established, which will determine further adequate treatment.
- Piracetam (Nootropil)
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