Prime Minister
Irsen Kyuchuk
Total
% water surface
3,300 km²
2,7
Grade ()
Density
200 000 people
70 people/km²
total()
Per capita
1776 million (90th)
10095
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, TRNC(tour. Kuzey Kıbrıs Turk Cumhuriyeti, KKTC, also used as the name Northern Cyprus tour. Kuzey Kıbrıs) is a partially recognized state proclaimed in 1983, occupying the northern third of the island of Cyprus. From to bore the name Turkish Federal State of Cyprus(tour. Kıbrıs Türk Federe Devleti).
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus enters as an observer.
The TRNC is separated from the rest of Cyprus by a buffer zone. The line dividing the island into two sectors (the so-called "Green line" - English. green line), protects the contingent of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP).
History of the Republic of Cyprus and TRNC
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Administrative-territorial division
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is divided into 5 districts or ilche (Turkish ilçe).
| Districts Turkish name |
population | Turkish name adm. center |
Greek name adm. center |
population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levkosha Lefkosa İlcesi | 85 579 | Lefkosha | Lefkosia (Nicosia) \ Λευκωσία | 49 721 |
| Gazimagusa Gazimagusa Ilcesi | 64 269 | Magos | Amohostos (Famagusta) \ Αμμόχωστος | 35 453 |
| girne Girne İlcesi | 62 158 | girne | Kyrenia \ Κερύvεια | 26 067 |
| Guzelyurt Guzelyurt (Omorfo) İlçesi | 31 116 | Guzelyurt | Morfu \ Μορφου | 13 334 |
| Iskele İskele İlcesi | 21 978 | Iskele | Trikomo \ Τρίκωμο | 3 977 |
Politics
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not officially recognized by UN member states, except for Turkey (Turkey itself does not recognize the legitimacy of the government of the Republic of Cyprus). At the same time, the TRNC is a member of the Organization of the Islamic Conference as an observer.
According to the TRNC Constitution, it is democratic republic governed by a president elected for a five-year term. The legislature is the Republican Assembly (tur. Cumhuriyet Meclisi), consisting of 50 members elected through proportional elections in five constituencies.
| Elections and referendums in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | |
|---|---|
| Presidential elections | 1981 · 1985 · 1990 · 1995 · 2000 · 2005 |
| Parliamentary elections | 1985 · 1990 · 1991 · 1993 · 1998 · 2003 · 2005 · |
| referenda | 2004 |
International Status
| This section is missing references to information sources.
Information must be verifiable, otherwise it may be questioned and removed. |
Most countries in the world, with the exception of Turkey, do not officially recognize the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as an independent state. The Organization of the Islamic Conference granted TRNC the status of a part of a federal state. constituent state) and an observer.
Turkey keeps its embassy on the territory of the TRNC, the TRNC in Turkey - an embassy and consulates. In a number of other countries there are unofficial representative offices of the TRNC, which are de facto embassies. The residences of the US and British ambassadors are located in North Nicosia, but since they were there before the division of the island, this does not mean recognition of the TRNC.
Azerbaijan , Gambia and Paraguay have declared their intention to recognize the TRNC . Despite the fact that no official contacts have been established, informal contacts are maintained.
Negotiations on the unification of the island have been going on for a long time, but have not yet borne fruit. The last attempt failed in the referendum, which was held on the island under the auspices of the UN on April 26. 75% of Greek Cypriots voted against unification, in contrast to Turkish Cypriots, the majority of whom supported unification based on a plan proposed by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
UN plan for settlement in Cyprus (Annan Plan) Annan Plan), provided for the creation of a two-communal and two-zone state on the island instead of a single Republic of Cyprus, which, according to the Greeks, would mean the actual recognition of the Turkish occupation of the northern part of the island by canceling all previous UN Security Council resolutions on Cyprus.
According to this plan, Turkey received the right to maintain its military contingent on the island. Moreover, it provided for the legalization of agreements previously concluded by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Turkey, which, in particular, gave Turkish troops the right to use all Cypriot harbors, move around the entire island and fly the Turkish Air Force over the entire territory of Cyprus.
The Turkish side would receive the right of veto in the united government of Cyprus. At the same time, all state structures of the united Cyprus were to be financed by the Greek side by 95%. The rights of the Greeks to operate property in the northern part of the island were limited until the standard of living of the two communities was equal.
After the election of Demetris Christofias as president, since September 2008, negotiations began between the two communities on the reunification of the island. Presidents Demetris Christofias and Mehmet Ali Talat led these negotiations. Annan's plan was taken as the basis. Negotiations have been going on for more than 1.5 years, and during this time most of the controversial issues have been agreed.
The Turkish lira (TRY) is used as the currency, but payment by other hard currency is widely practiced, such as the euro (EUR), the US dollar (USD) or the British pound sterling (GBP).
Due to the lack of international recognition, all foreign trade operations of the TRNC can only go through Turkey.
Despite these difficulties, the local economy has shown impressive growth in recent years, 2001-2005: 5.4%, 6.9%, 11.4%, 15.4%, 10.6%. This growth is largely due to the stability of the lira, and the boom in the education and construction sectors.
The TRNC economy depends on Turkey's assistance. In 2003-2006, $550 million was received.
The number of foreign tourists who visited the TRNC in January 2003 - August 2004 amounted to 286,901 people.
There are also a number of well-known universities on the territory of the TRNC:
- Eastern Mediterranean University (Eastern Mediterranean University),
- Near East University
- Girne American University
- Middle Eastern Technical University branch (Middle East Technical University - N. Cyprus Campus)
- European University of Lefke
- International University of Cyprus. (Cyprus International University)
Numismatics
In 2010, Northern Cyprus unofficially issued a set of 8 souvenir coins, four of which are bimetallic.
The obverse of all coins depicts the coat of arms of the country. On the reverse of each of the eight coins there are representatives of the flora and fauna of Northern Cyprus. On 5 lire - a Cypriot mouflon, on 2 1/2 lire - a dove, on 1 lire - a butterfly. The reverses of coins in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 kurush contain images of local plants, on the coin of the smallest denomination, 1 kurush, there is a crescent with a star - the National Flag of Northern Cyprus.
In 2011, the republic issued a copper-nickel 20 lira coin, which depicts Ottoman sultan Selim II. The reverse of the coin depicts the coat of arms of Northern Cyprus.
Education
Armed forces
| This section is missing references to information sources.
Information must be verifiable, otherwise it may be questioned and removed. |
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus maintains Security Forces (four infantry regiments) numbering about 3.5 thousand people, formed by conscription from men aged 18 to 40 years. Additionally, there is a supply of the first stage of 11 thousand people, the second - 10 thousand people, and the third - 5 thousand people. over 50 years of age. The SBTK are lightly armed, led by a Brigadier General of the Turkish Army, and perform the role of internal troops and border guards.
In addition to them, the 11th army corps (11 AK) of the Turkish Armed Forces is deployed in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, consisting of two motorized infantry divisions (28 and 39 mechanized infantry divisions), 14 separate armored brigade (14 brigades), the Turdik mechanized brigade, and also from units and subdivisions of direct subordination. The total number of 11 AK Armed Forces of Turkey is over 40 thousand people
Turkish names
A number of cities and localities in Northern Cyprus have different names on Greek and Turkish maps and road signs.
- Famagusta (Ammochostos) - Gazimagusa (Magusa)
- Kyrenia - Girne
- Trikomo - Iskele
- Rizokarpaso - Dipkarpaz
- Kyrenia mountain range - Beshparmak
- Mount Pentadaktylos - Beshparmak-Daglary
- Dikomo - Dikmen
Photo gallery
see also
Links
Notes
- Novye Izvestia: "Greece wants to be friends with Turkey for the sake of unifying Cyprus and saving on the army", April 8, 2010
- http://www.kursi-yazikov.ru/info/o-strane/199-kipr
- Turkey threatens to sever relations with foreign oil companies | In the world | KM.RU News
- Lenta.ru: Georgia: Abkhazia will open its representative office in Northern Cyprus
- (English) US Department of State. Bureau for European and Eurasian Affairs. Background Note: Cyprus April 5, 2010
Since 1974, Cyprus has been effectively divided into two-thirds of the island controlled by the government and one-third administered by Turkish Cypriots. The Government of the Republic of Cyprus continues to be the only internationally recognized authority; in practice, the power of the government extends only to the territories under its control.
original text(English)
Since 1974, Cyprus has been divided de facto into the government-controlled two-thirds of the island and the Turkish Cypriot-administered one-third. The Government of the Republic of Cyprus has continued to be the only internationally recognized authority; in practice, its authority extends only to the government-controlled area.
- REGNUM: "Europe, USA, Turkey and Azerbaijan recognize the 'unrecognized' Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus." , September 20, 2006
- In the territory controlled by the TRNC
- TRNC General Population and Housing Unit Census 2006, TRNC State Planning Organization, updated 7 October 2008
- Within the boundaries of the municipality
- Lefkosa - the north of the city of Nicosia - is actually the capital of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and actually Nicosia (Lefkosia) - the south of the city - the capital of the Greek Republic of Cyprus
- Klarer Sieg für die konservative Opposition Tagesschau.de (20.04.2009) (German)
- Feodosia Museum of Money. Coins of Northern Cyprus.
- Streit um Zyperns Geschichtsbücher (German)
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A large island in the Mediterranean - Cyprus - has a long and dramatic history. Today it is a real Mecca for vacationers. The resorts of Northern Cyprus, the description of which we present, differ significantly from the southern coasts. Here is a different government, customs, features of recreation - the region is worthy of talking about it in detail, and even more worthy of a visit.
Geography
Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean. Geographically, it belongs to Asia, although for many people it is an integral part of the history of Europe. It is separated from the nearest shores: 75 km from Turkey, 100 km from Syria and 350 km from Egypt. The area of the island is 9250 sq. km. Cyprus is of volcanic origin, and most of it is occupied by mountain ranges. Today, the island is divided between three states: more than half belongs to the Republic of Cyprus, a little less than 4% of the territory is controlled by the UN (a buffer zone between states is located here), a little less than 3% is given to Great Britain (its military bases are located here). The remaining 36% of the island is controlled by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a state partially recognized in the world. It is the latter that owns the resorts of Northern Cyprus.
Climate
The Republic of the North, which is located in the Mediterranean climate zone, can offer tourists almost ideal conditions for recreation. It has long hot summers and short mild winters. The beach season begins on the island at the end of March and ends in mid-November. The island position of the Republic creates excellent conditions for life: the sea softens the heat in summer and does not allow the temperature to drop significantly in winter. The average annual temperature is 23 degrees Celsius. In summer, the thermometer usually stays around 30 degrees during the day, in winter it drops to 16 degrees. Unlike land, weather-dependent people and patients with hypertension feel much more comfortable here. The main precipitation falls between November and February, and summers are usually very dry. On average, there are 310-330 sunny days in Northern Cyprus per year.
History
The first settlers in Cyprus appeared in the Neolithic era. But the cold snap led to the fact that the population left this territory for a long time. Today, archaeologists find numerous remains of the Filia culture in Cyprus, which existed here in the 2nd millennium BC and was founded by settlers from Anatolia. Since that time, the island has never been empty. A unique culture is being formed here, which incorporates Achaean and Cretan traditions.
Later, the Phoenicians came to Cyprus and founded 10 independent city-states. During the time of Alexander the Great, the island was part of the Hellenic state, and later became a Roman province. After the fall of Rome, Cyprus is under the control of Byzantium. During this period, the Cyprus Orthodox Church. In the 12th century, the island is captured by the troops of Richard the Lionheart. Later, Cyprus comes under the influence of the King of Jerusalem. At the end of the 15th century, the island becomes part of This territory was very advantageous from a strategic point of view, so Cyprus was repeatedly attacked by troops Ottoman Empire.
In 1571, the power of the Sultan was finally established here. A large number of the Turkish population comes to the island, new rules are being established. At the same time, Greek and Turkish residents got along well with each other. In the first half of the 19th century, active uprisings began in Greece against the rule of the Ottoman Empire, this trend also comes to Cyprus. But the independence of Cyprus fails to achieve. In 1869, the rule of the British Empire was established here.
After the Second World War, in which the Cypriots were on the side of Britain, there is a growing movement for independence and a return to historical roots. The fight went on for decades. In 1960, Cyprus was recognized as an independent territory and divided into two parts along ethnic lines. But the tension between these two areas did not decrease, it came to armed conflicts. In 1974, the build-up of the military presence on the island of Greek troops began, to which Turkey responded by landing its troops in the north of the island. In 1983, these lands declared independence.
This is how the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus with a predominantly Turkish population appeared. However, neither the UN nor the world community was in a hurry to recognize the new state. Turkish territory is formally considered part of Cyprus, but in fact Ankara rules here. The resorts of Northern Cyprus have gone to the Turkish diaspora, but today there is a convergence of parts of the island. The wall separating the ethnic regions was destroyed. There is free movement between them. Such a long and rich history is stored in the territory of Cyprus in the form of various, interesting sights.
Administrative division
The Republic of Turkey establishes its own administration in its part of the island. There are five administrative districts. The list is as follows: Levkosha, Gazimagusa, Girne, Guzelyurt, Iskele. The main resorts of Northern Cyprus are the centers of the main provinces of the Turkish part of the island. Each of them has a Turkish language, and since the Republic of Cyprus continues to consider these lands as its own. Therefore, sometimes there may be confusion in the names of cities. Pairs of names look like this: Lefkosha - Nicosia, Magosa - Famagusta (Amohostos), Girne - Kyrenia, Guzelyurt - Morphou, Iskele - Trikomo.
Recreation features
Picturesque nature, a large number of attractions, low prices for accommodation and meals - all this is provided by the resorts of Northern Cyprus. Comparison and description of the south and north speak of a clear advantage of the Turkish part of the island. Nature here is much more diverse and beautiful than in the south. In addition, it is preserved in a more original form. Due to the fact that industrialization has not captured this part of the island, here you can admire the landscapes, not disfigured by the human presence. There are far fewer tourists in this region, so the beaches are cleaner and prices are lower.
The locals are very friendly and good-natured people. These are not Turks, a mixture of Greek and Turkish blood flows in their veins, Cypriots even differ in facial features from the inhabitants of the Turkish shores.
Beaches are the main attraction for tourists, in the north there are free and private, paid areas. Most of the beaches are sandy, although there are also pebbly ones. The purity of these places is evidenced by the fact that in some areas they still continue to lay eggs. Almost all beaches have been awarded the Blue Flag for special cleanliness. Prices in the region are quite low, here the payment is made in although you can pay in euros. Northern Cyprus is famous for its natural products, here you can taste the freshest fruits and vegetables, as well as freshly caught fish and marine life.
Regional capital
In the ancient city of Nicosia, South and North Cyprus joined. Resorts, hotels, attractions lie on both sides of the Green Line - the border between the two states. To date, Nicosia has remained the last city divided between the two countries. The Greek part is famous for its historical monuments and museums, the eastern one is beautiful with its color: noisy bazaars, mosques, cozy gardens. The Turkish side is more colorful and lively, tourists can move from one part to another through the checkpoint. Many ancient monuments have been preserved in Nicosia, among them you should definitely see the bastions and walls of the Venetian fortress, the authentic quarter of the Old Town of Laiki Getonia, the ancient Kyrenia Gate, the Archbishop's Palace. The city is very cozy, and you can just walk around it, enjoying the atmosphere.
Famagusta
The oldest city founded by the king of Egypt almost 5 thousand years ago, who saw Richard the Lionheart, Venetian merchants and Ottoman troops, Famagusta is a real gem of the Republic of Northern Cyprus. Resorts, reviews of which are replete with epithets, pale in front of this ancient settlement. Magnificent monuments of history, colorful life are combined here. eastern city and an excellent beach holiday. It will be interesting for tourists to see the Old City with its many ancient buildings, the Othello Tower, St. Nicholas Cathedral and the Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque in one building.
Salamis
A small ancient city located near Famagusta is attractive for its history. Here you can see the remains of the city of Enkomi (11th century BC) with baths, the Gymnasius building, and a public pool. The city is famous for its magnificent sea views. You can go here for 1 day from Famagusta to immerse yourself in the atmosphere of antiquity.
Kyrenia
If we compare the resorts of Northern Cyprus, then Kyrenia wins in many respects. There are magnificent beaches for every taste: from luxurious, well-equipped areas with cafes, playgrounds, entertainment to the cleanest and most secluded areas for a romantic pastime. In addition, the city is very rich in sights, among the most important: the Kyrenia harbor with its majestic and fortress, the temple of the Archangel Michael, the castle of St. Hilarion.
morphu
The northern part of Cyprus, the resorts of which can compete in historical heritage and the beauty of landscapes not only with the south, but also with Greece, is rightfully proud of the cozy city of Morphou. It is located in a charming bay of the Mediterranean Sea and is called "Beautiful Garden" in Turkish. Indeed, here great amount flowers, fruit trees, orange orchards. The beaches of Morphou are very clean and comfortable, and the local population welcomes guests with great hospitality. The city is an excellent place for a romantic getaway and spending time with children. Of the attractions here, it is worth seeing the excavations of the city of Salt of ancient times, the monastery of St. Mamas, the ruins of the ancient palace of Vouni.
Policy
The ancient town of Polis in the northwest of the island is so cozy and authentic that you completely forget about time and modern megacities here. Northern Cyprus, resorts, the photo of which is easily confused with the views of Greece, is famous for precisely the preservation of the ancient atmosphere. And this despite the fact that all the benefits of civilization are available here. In Polis, you should definitely see a natural monument - the baths of Aphrodite, look into national park Akamas, visit the Archaeological Museum.
Practical Information
Northern Cyprus, whose resorts are becoming increasingly popular with tourists, can be reached in two ways: through the Greek, southern part (airplanes fly to Larnaca from many cities in Russia and the world), and from Turkey by plane or catamaran. To pass from south to north, you only need a passport, and back - a Schengen visa. The territory of Northern Cyprus has good network highways and excellent bus service between cities, so it is not difficult to see the entire island. Cyprus is famous for its safety, there is an extremely low crime rate, drinking water flows from the tap.
- a beautiful island, on one of the beaches of which, according to legend, Aphrodite emerged from the sea foam. Numerous resorts of this island are suitable for tourists who prefer a quiet and measured holiday, as well as curious vacationers, and for young party-goers. Today we will tell you about the best resorts in Northern Cyprus and their many attractions.
The coastline of Cyprus is seven hundred and eighty kilometers. And its capital is Nicosia. Almost half of the Cypriot territory is occupied by mountains, from the very high point islands - Mount Olympus, rising to a height of 1952 meters above sea level. It must be said that Cyprus is divided to the north and southern, respectively, in each of the parts, their own resorts and their own characteristics.
Cyprus holds the northern part of the island under its control, and this territory is called the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, the Cypriots themselves call it "occupied territory". Tourists can get to the resorts of Northern Cyprus without a visa. With all the ease of entry, there are “pitfalls” here: this part of the country is inaccessible to transport, to get here, you first need to fly to Turkey, and then transfer to a plane to Nicosia. There are not very many Russian tourists in the resorts of Northern Cyprus, mostly Europeans rest here: Germans, British. Rest in the resorts of Northern Cyprus is chosen by those who want privacy, tranquility. By the way, the climate of northern Cyprus is much warmer than in the southern part of this island. We turn, in fact, to the resorts of Northern Cyprus and their attractions.
Capital Nicosia- the Cypriot capital is a stunning mixture of calm oriental indomitable Greek characters. It is very different: from the east there are many mosques, noisy oriental bazaars, and from Greece there are interesting architectural monuments. Nicosia - is a split in two capital of two states - and Northern Cyprus. The city has two parts: the first is the capital, business and Finance center Republic of Cyprus, the second is the capital of a state recognized only by Turkey - the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The capital of Cyprus has three names: if officially, then Nicosia, the Greek Cypriots call their capital - Lefkosia, and the Turks - Lefkosa. In general, the first mention of Nicosia dates back to the eighth - seventh centuries BC, when it was a free city-state of the Ancient. In the twelfth century, the Crusaders captured Cyprus, renaming the city to their taste, first Ledra, then Levkotheon. From the fifteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth centuries, Nicosia was captured by the Venetians, who decided that there was an urgent need to build a fortress here. But the construction did not go well: there was not enough money for everything, and in 1570 the Turks besieged the city, and took it rather quickly. During the period of Turkish rule, Catholic churches were rebuilt into mosques. From 1878 to 1960, the British came to power in Nicosia. And only since 1960, Cyprus gained independence. But not everything is so simple: contradictions have been brewing between the Turkish and Greek population of the country for a long time, which resulted in severe conflicts and a military confrontation, as a result of which the island and the capital were divided into two parts, breaking the headquarters for peacekeepers from the UN in the city and drawing a demarcation line . Despite everything, Nicosia has a lot of interesting sights for tourists.
- Walls of the Venetian fortress. Be sure to look at the Walls of the Venetian fortress and the eleven bastions built by the Venetians in the sixteenth century, as described just above, to protect the city from enemies, almost five kilometers long. In order to build them, many buildings and temples had to be destroyed, the Pedieos River should be taken out of Nicosia, and the moat that surrounded the walls should be filled with water. But this saved the city from the Turkish troops of Lala Mustafa Pasha.
- Laiki Getonia- a quarter of the old city, well restored, where old houses built in the Cypriot style stand, and the streets are narrow and paved with stone. There are many restaurants, shops and craft shops.
- Kyrenia Gate, which is also called the Governor's Gate - this is an old front door in the fortress wall. But, after the construction, they were hardly used, sometimes merchants got into the city through them. The Turks who came to power reconstructed them.
- Omeriye Mosque- it stands on the site of the former Augustinian monastery of Hagia Sophia and the temple of the same name of the fourteenth century, partially destroyed by the Turks during the capture of Nicosia. In 1571, Mustafa Pasha ordered the mosque to be rebuilt from the ruins of the cathedral. In general, Hagia Sophia was built for a very long time and on a grandiose scale, when the construction was completed, the Pope of Rome issued a bull that the builders of the building were forgiven sins for a hundred days from the moment it was opened. Hagia Sophia became a cathedral and a place for the coronation of kings. Today, it is the main mosque of Northern Cyprus.
- Archbishop's Palace- This is an amazing complex of buildings in the neo-Venetian style, on the territory of which there are many museums, a magnificent Art Gallery, a rich library. This palace complex perfectly complements the Cathedral of St. John, built in the seventeenth century, richly decorated with frescoes.
- Leventis Museum Center- a place with a large exposure, reflecting the entire five thousand years of history Nicosia.
While on vacation in Nicosia, be sure to visit the Turkish baths, by the way, many of which are open around the clock. But there are no sea beaches in Nicosia.
Famagusta Resort- a city with a very ancient and eventful history, founded in the third century BC by the king of Egypt, but even managed to visit the residence of the English king Richard the Lionheart, the Christian center of the Mediterranean and the British port. Holidays at this resort are truly fabulous and unforgettable. The magnificent sandy beaches of Famagusta, by the way, are perfect, the sea here is clean and calm. For vacationers, they offer a lot of entertainment here: visiting water parks, dolphinariums, aquariums, exciting trips to the Troodos mountains. And the beautiful sights of Famagusta, in the Old Town, are just a storehouse of ancient monuments of ancient architecture, beautiful sculptures and a rich historical heritage.
- Othello Tower. It is worth seeing the Othello Tower and getting acquainted with its interesting history. Its construction began under the Lusignan family in the fourteenth century, in an attempt to protect the booming maritime city. It was possible to get into this fortress through two gates: the main and the sea. This fort used to be surrounded by a moat. When the Venetians came to these lands, the fort was rebuilt and expanded, making it an artillery base. They say that Leonardo da Vinci himself, who was in Cyprus in 1481, gave valuable recommendations on the construction of the fort to the Venetians. The entrance to the Famagusta fortress is decorated with a symbol - the lion of St. Mark, on the slab below is the name of the person who rebuilt the fortress - "Nicolo Foskarinis". The fortress walls reach fifteen meters in height and six in thickness. There are several rooms in the fortress that can be viewed. There are ancient cannons in the courtyard of this citadel. Why is the tower named after Othello, you ask? They say that the historical prototype of Shakespeare's Othello lived in this tower - the Venetian governor of Cyprus - Christopher Moreau, whose young wife died during their joint voyage from Cyprus.
- St. Nicholas Cathedral or Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque. The construction of the Cathedral of St. Nicholas began by order of members of the Lusignan family, as early as 1298, and completed in 1312. This is the most beautiful Gothic building on the island, and no wonder, because the facade of the Cathedral of St. Nicholas was copied from the beautiful facade of the Reims Cathedral in . In the Middle Ages, the Lusignan dynasty was crowned on the throne of Jerusalem in this church. But, after the capture of the city by the Turks in 1571, the cathedral became a mosque. And only in 1954 he was returned to his current name.
- Salamis- Another ancient Cypriot city, representing today the ancient ruins near Famagusta, but well preserved. The city was founded in the eleventh century BC by the inhabitants of the city of Enkomi, destroyed by a powerful earthquake. The city was constantly conquered by different peoples, but despite this, it did not cease to be one of the most important ports on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. The bulk of the well-preserved ruins belong to the ancient Roman era, when the city was actively built up: the building of the Gymnasium, public baths, a stone pool with a magnificent statue of the Roman emperor, the remains of Christian basilicas. But by 648, the Arab raids on the city became so frequent that the inhabitants decided to leave it. Gradually, everything was covered with layers of sand and the old buildings were well preserved. In general, the city of Salamis is located in a stunningly picturesque place with magnificent sea views. Entrance to the territory of Salamis costs - six lira.
Kyrenia Resort- the best resort in Northern Cyprus, a place with rich history and great beaches. Here is a heavenly place for tourists who value comfort and quality in their vacation. Here you will be met by clear blue skies, white sand, clear azure water and extremely hospitable locals. It is a pleasure to walk along the streets of Kyrenia: olive and citrus trees grow, bloom and smell fragrant all around, the air coming from the sea is fresh and invigorating. It can be said that in this resort you relax not only with your body, but also with your soul. Kyrenia is rich in architectural monuments, museums, monasteries, ancient buildings. Here you can easily choose an excursion that will expand your horizons. Holidays in this North Cyprus resort are chosen by people who are passionate about history and love the perfect beach holiday, as well as fans of authentic food. The places of interest in Kyrenia are as follows:
- Harbor of Kyrenia- not in vain, considered one of the most beautiful in the Mediterranean. It is protected by an impregnable castle, from where a majestic view of the mountain ranges opens. Numerous pleasure boats, snow-white yachts crowding around the pier, numerous port restaurants with an amazing fish menu, small outdoor cafes - the very atmosphere of the harbor pacifies, relaxes and sets you up for rest.
- Kyrenia castle with fortress- a fortress erected by the Byzantines to protect the inhabitants of the city from constant Arab raids. In the twelfth century, it was conquered by the English king Richard the Lionheart. Now, the Museum of Shipwrecks is located in the Kyrenia Castle. Its main exhibit is the ship of Alexander the Great, which is over 2,300 years old.
- Church of the Archangel Michael- a majestic white building, built in 1860. Before the construction of the church, there was a tower on this site - part of the fortifications of the city wall. After some time, a high bell tower was attached to the church, and the bell was purchased with the money of a wealthy Turkish merchant - a friend of the former rector of this temple. Now there is a museum of icons.
- Museum of Folk Art- a place where vacationers can get acquainted with the traditional crafts of the Kyrenia people.
- Saint Hilarion Castle- You can get to this ancient castle, located on a mountain peak, at an altitude of seven hundred and thirty-two meters, only by car. First, in 370, a monk who arrived from, named Hilarion, built a church and a monastery building. And later, military engineers from Byzantium rebuilt this monastery into an impregnable fortress, so necessary in the endless wars of Byzantium with the Arabs. In 1092, the dilapidated walls of the building, by order of the governor Philokalis, were rebuilt and strengthened, and the Didemos fortress appeared here. And a century later, in 1191, it was taken by storm by the troops of the English king, under the command of Guy de Lusignan, known to us from books and films. Later, at his direction, the castle was fortified and it was considered impregnable. They say that after that, no one managed to take him by storm. Of course, time makes its own corrections, the castle is partially destroyed, but there is something to see and photograph here.
- Monastery of Antifonides- between the slopes of the mountains, hidden by dense forests, stands this monastery, rather modest from the outside, but retaining magnificent wall paintings of the tenth-eleventh centuries inside. It has never been rebuilt or reconstructed, although the main building was erected in the twelfth century. By the way, the fact that the dome of this church is more oval than round is very remarkable, which is due to the mistake of an illiterate contractor from local residents.
Morphou resort- another of the best resorts in Northern Cyprus, a favorite city for tourists. located in the most picturesque bay of the northwestern tip of the island. The Turks call this city - "Guzelyurt" - "Beautiful Garden". And not in vain, the resort is surrounded by numerous citrus orchards, and is the "orange capital" of Cyprus. The local Turks who now live in this territory sincerely consider this part of Cyprus to be their native land and generously give their hospitality and cordiality to the guests of the resort who come to soak up the sun and splash in the sea, as well as get acquainted with the many sights of Cyprus. Here you can easily feel welcome and dear guests, the Turks know how. In general, the town of Morphou is a small town, but, nevertheless, one of the most ancient Cypriot settlements. Every year, the Orange Festival is held here, to get to the celebration of which is very interesting and ... delicious for any vacationer.
- Monastery of Saint Mamas- a church with the most magnificent church decoration and the largest Orthodox shrine in Cyprus, as well as the majestic architectural monument eighteenth century. The building was built in a mixed Gothic and Byzantine style. The unusual architecture of the church makes it a real work of art. What is only a beautiful iconostasis, with filigree carvings.
- Excavations of the ancient city of Salt- this ancient complex, archaeologists date back to the second century BC. Only sixty years ago, during excavations, a statue of Aphrodite Cyprida was discovered - a copy of Aphrodite of Knidos, the famous sculptor of ancient times Praxiteles. Today this statue is in the Nicosia Museum. In Salt, you can see the grandiose Roman amphitheater, designed for three and a half thousand spectators. Now it is in the process of reconstruction. From the amphitheater you can observe beautiful views of the surrounding meadows and gardens stretching to the horizon. The amphitheater stage has unique acoustic data. In ancient times, the residence of the Bishop of Cyprus, Auxivius, was located in Soli. Even in the city, some fragments of the ancient Christian basilica are well preserved, with a mosaic floor depicting birds and animals, and inscriptions in ancient Greek are partially visible here.
- Vouni Palace- these ruins of the ancient city stand proudly on a mountain cliff, two hundred and thirty-five meters high above sea level. These ruins date back to the fifth century BC, when the Cypriots rebelled against Persian rule. Previously, the city of Salt was subordinate to the city of Marium - the modern name of the city - Polis, and he, in turn, was loyal to the Persians. The rulers of Marium erected the palace of Vouni as their residence and observation post for the recalcitrant Cypriot cities. In terms of planning, the palace repeats many structures in Syria. In 449 BC, when the Greeks conquered Marium, Vouni also came under their control. The new rulers began to contribute to the eastern features of the palace. In 400 BC, a fire broke out in it, destroying the main buildings, it did not touch only the foundation walls. Previously, the palace complex included administrative premises, bedrooms, warehouses, baths, rooms for household affairs. Excavations carried out here by Swedish archaeologists in 1927-1931 made it possible to discover many bowls of baked clay, in which gold and silver bracelets were hidden, many engraved silver goblets, coins minted in Marium, Kition, Lapithos, Paphos. Excavations are also underway here. Therefore, many tourists visit this attraction of Northern Cyprus with pleasure.
The nature around this resort is very beautiful. Majestic pine forests cover a significant area around, on the other hand, in the north of the city, many kilometers of completely deserted beaches stretch. Here, pebbles gradually turn into clean sand. The entire coastal strip is well equipped; there is everything that a demanding tourist needs. But, it is worth saying that the beaches of the Morphou resort are a favorite place for tourists who love solitude and peace, as well as those interested in historical sights.
Resort Polis- a very small and cozy town located in the northwestern part of the island. Polis stands on the site of the ancient city of Marium, known since the twelfth century BC. At that time it was prosperous and one of the most developed Cypriot cities. In the center of Polis there is a small square with many taverns where you can taste excellent local cuisine. Polis is strikingly different from other resort towns of Northern Cyprus, a measured life, there are no crowds of tourists wandering the streets. The main attractions of the resort are Orthodox monasteries, churches, a cultural and exhibition center, and an archaeological museum. Polis has an amazing landscape, and its climate is very mild, the nature is picturesque and colorful, and the sandy beaches are deserted and cut up by the most picturesque bays. Around Polis are incredible mountain landscapes, fragrant vineyards and orchards.
Here is the famous Bath of Aphrodite- a small natural depression in the rock, filled with pure water. It is unlikely that now it will be possible to try the rejuvenating power of water on yourself, since there will be no more than knee-deep water here. But here's to admire this beautiful place with emerald water, sitting on a bench in the shade of an old fig tree, covering the bath bowl from the scorching sun.
Next, take a walk to the Fountain of Amorosa - translated as “fountain of love”. This place is very popular with lonely people, because there is such a legend about the fountain that those who drink water from it will definitely find their soul mate. And it is also visited by newlyweds to also drink water and consolidate success.
Akamas National Park- two hundred and thirty square kilometers of the territory of this natural park are under the protection of UNESCO. This place is studied by geologists, biologists, botanists, entomologists, ornithologists and zoologists - which is not there. On the territory of the park you will see ancient sea shells, ceramic fragments. Beautiful flowers and trees grow all around, many of which are listed in the Red Book. Lovely butterflies flutter over the lush vegetation. Rare species of animals and birds live here.
Archaeological Museum of Polis- opened in 1998. The Cypriots call their museum "Marion-Arsinoe". This is a classical building with two halls. They contain numerous archaeological exhibits from the Neolithic period up to the Middle Ages.
Byzantine Museum of Arsinoe- a place where a unique collection of icons of the thirteenth - nineteenth centuries is stored.
Church of Agios Andronikos- built in the sixteenth century. It was built by the Cypriots, during the period when Cyprus belonged to the Venetians, which is why so many elements characteristic of the Venetian era can be seen in the architecture of this building. With the advent of the Ottomans, it was converted into a mosque, the building carried out this function for four centuries, until 1974. Quite recently, restoration work was carried out in the church, and on the walls, densely painted over with asbestos, the most unique frescoes of Christian icon painters were discovered. To prevent the Turks from destroying the ancient painting, the Greeks were forced to hide all references to the Christian religion.
Young people rarely come to rest in this resort of Northern Cyprus, for their taste, there is too little entertainment. But married couples with children, elderly people of the elderly, come to Polis for a pleasant and relaxing holiday. This is an ideal place for a romantic getaway or a holiday with children: there are sandy beaches, gentle sun, magnificent landscapes.
Cyprus island- a true decoration of the Mediterranean Sea, it is very attractive for tourists. Holidays in Northern Cyprus have a lot of advantages: the beaches here are smaller than in Southern Cyprus, the climate is warmer, there are a lot of historical sights and, most importantly, the prices for tours here are lower than in Southern Cyprus. So welcome!
A major accident occurred on the Antalya-Kemer highway: a tourist bus overturned, in which there were 11 Russians, of which four adults and one child were hospitalized. In addition, the Coxsackie virus continues to rage in the Turkish region; on the eve it became known about the infection of five children from Samara. Despite this, travel agencies are in no hurry to return the money to customers who, fearing for their safety and health, want to refuse trips to Turkey. 400 Russians have already complained about this to Rospotrebnadzor.
In Turkey, in recent years, it’s true, which can only distract vacationers, and will only appeal to fans of not healthy extreme sports. However, due to habit or economy, Russian tourists continue to come to the Turkish coast and only after the holidays complain about the poor quality of service or unsafe stay. The correspondent of MIR 24 found an equivalent especially for those who love Turkey, European quality, light extreme sports and adventures without fear for their lives - the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
EVERYTHING ALSO ALMOST WITHOUT A VISA
Today, Cyprus formally consists of two parts - Greek and Turkish, complemented by two English villages with military bases. The Republic of Cyprus was established in 1960, when the Greek and Turkish communities received the same rights. However, in 1974 there was a coup d'etat and the subsequent Turkish military invasion, which led to the division of the island into two parts. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized, and despite the fact that Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots do not like each other, they live peacefully and do not start conflicts. That is, it makes no sense for tourists to worry about riots.
To get to Northern Cyprus, as well as to the South, a Schengen visa is not needed. More precisely, if it is, it can be used. And if not, a national pro-visa is enough, which is issued online in a few hours. All you need to do is fill out the application form, send it by e-mail to the visa center and wait for the electronic version to be sent. After that, print and show at the border.
Since the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not a recognized state, the local airport is also deprived of international status, so it is best to fly through Larnaca. Once in Larnaca, you need to take a taxi, or you can take a bus (which costs only 6-9 euros) and get to the capital of Cyprus - Nicosia, there is a border control that separates the Turkish and Greek parts.
The most interesting thing for me started right here. If you, like me, stopped on the territory of Greek Cyprus and decided to visit the Turkish half while traveling around the island, then when you go here, do not forget to take your passport. I did not know that passports were checked here, so I had to return to Nicosia twice. Meanwhile, when leaving the Greek territory, the local officer did not notice that I had crossed the border, so I found out about the passport check directly at the Turkish checkpoint. The Turkish border guard sent me back with the words to take my passport and return tomorrow.
On the way back, a Greek officer appeared, who was surprised that he did not notice me when crossing the border without a passport and did not want to let me go back. Thus, I ended up in the Dead Zone, from which I had to somehow get out.
UN GREEN LINE
The policeman asks questions: where am I from, why did I come, where did I stop, did I definitely not cross the Turkish border and, as a result, allows me to go back to the Greek side without a passport. However, thanks to this incident, I got the opportunity to look at the part of the Green Line that separates the two parts of the island. Only later did I find out that the checkpoint I had chosen is not usually visited by tourists, but mostly by locals. It is not located on the main street, but a five-minute drive from the intercity bus stop, so it is hardly possible to find it on your own for the first time. But if you ask a taxi driver to take you to the checkpoint, he would rather want to earn five euros and take you right here than explain how to walk to the main street.
The Green Line or "Attila Line" was established by the UN in 1974 after the Turkish invasion, which is called "Operation Attila". It stretches for 180 km and is an abandoned, defeated task left over from the time of the Turkish invasion. It is forbidden to change anything here, build new buildings or organize excursions for tourists and even take pictures. But just between the checkpoints there is an opportunity to see several buildings from the inside.
Today, foreign investors want to turn one of these buildings into a Leisure Center. Furniture and interior items remained in the two-story house: a bed, tables, a fireplace, candlesticks. You walk from room to room and feel the history. The bed blocks the door of one of the rooms, it seems that once the inhabitants of the house tried to barricade themselves from the Turks. Even the bathroom and toilet have been preserved.
There are a couple more buildings here, but they lack a roof, so the interior items are almost not preserved because of this. This is a truly unique place that cannot be visited on any of the excursions.
FAMAGUSTA
Immediately, we note that only tourists call the city that way. The Greeks call him Ammochostas, and the Turks - Magos or Gazimagus.
In the 70s, before the Turkish invasion, Famagusta was the most touristic city in Cyprus. To get to it, you can take a bus from the Turkish part of Nicosia for 2.5 euros (10 lire). You can use a taxi, but it will be more expensive and you will miss all the national flavor. And there is something to see here, for example, a huge white mosque and small Turkish settlements, beautiful nature - in general, romance high road.
The main attraction of Famagusta is the Old City. It is surrounded by a light stone wall 3.5 km long, and today it is equipped as a tourist attraction. There are shops, cafes and restaurants.
The main attraction of the Old City is the Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque, which was previously the Cathedral of St. Nicholas. The church has been preserved since 1300. Today, the mosque can be visited by tourists: there is both a main zone - male and female. Shoes must be removed before visiting. If you are wearing a short dress or shorts, you can wear a long skirt inside.
Two hundred meters from the mosque is the Church of Peter and Paul, which was built in 1358. First it was a mosque, then the British turned it into a warehouse, and today it is a public library.
If you walk along the street with shops, then you will come across another attraction - the Sea Gate. There is a staircase that allows you to climb to the very top and look at the city from above.
By the way, a fragment of Shakespeare's play "Othello" is connected with Famagusta. According to legend, this is the place where the governor of Cyprus, Christoforo Moro, suspected his wife of treason, killed her and threw her from the fortress.
But the most interesting point of Famagusta is the area - Varosha.
VAROSH
Because of Varosha, Famagusta got the name of a ghost town. Varosha was once the most popular place for tourists: many expensive hotels, bar street, restaurants. Among the stars who have vacationed here are Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Raquel Welch and Brigitte Bardot. When the Turkish army invaded Cyprus, people fled from Voroshi leaving all their belongings, so not only interior items were left inside, but also jewelry, letters and other personal items. Today it is also a buffer zone surrounded by barbed wire, entry into which is strictly prohibited, as well as photography.
To take some pictures, in the backyard of one of the houses, I take a chair with which I walk along the barbed wire. After 20 minutes, a motorcycle rides behind me, it turns out that this is the owner of the house, from whom I took this very chair: “When you finish your work, please return the chair back. And be careful, if the military guards see that you are taking pictures, they will take away the camera,” he warns.
Buildings in Varosha are being destroyed more and more with each city, accompanied by natural phenomena: the scorching sun, rain, lack of people and restoration. Even plants suffer, for example, ficuses are moldy. If you look at Varosha for a long time, it seems that one of the residents is about to come around the corner, feed the cat, complain about the heat and return to his house, but this does not happen.
Dozens of buildings will most likely never find their owners again. You can take a look at Varosha on your own despite the prohibitions. Firstly, the panorama of the city opens from the active beach. This is a very unusual contrast: people are swimming in the sea, drinking cocktails, having fun, and a dead city is standing a few hundred meters from them. After looking at the panorama, go along the fence. It has a lot of holes and crevices through which you can look at Varosha.
PRICES LOWER THAN IN EUROPE
Since this is Turkish territory, the official currency is not the euro, as in the Greek part of the island, but the Turkish lira. One Turkish lira costs 16.80 rubles. Accordingly, thanks to this, prices here are several times lower than in the Greek part of Cyprus and no higher than in Turkey itself.
Therefore, if you want to buy some things, leather or fur products, then it is better to go here. It is worth noting that bank cards they are not accepted everywhere, and the Turks here almost do not speak English, so it is better to worry about cash in advance. But you don't have to worry about the exchange. Rubles, euros and dollars can be easily exchanged at local banks.
Ekaterina Degtereva
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