The disease is much easier to prevent than to treat later, while spending a lot of money and nerves. In addition, in the early stages of the disease are treated faster and are easier to tolerate, so timely diagnosis is very, very important. Fortunately, modern medicine allows you to get a very detailed picture of the state of human health. Find out what 10 examinations you need to undergo annually in order to prevent and recognize all kinds of diseases in time.

Dentist examination

Most often, the reason for a visit to the dentist is a toothache, which signals the need for serious treatment. but don't cause pain- the most reasonable option, because Dental treatment is not only unpleasant, but also an expensive process. And if you make it a habit to visit the dentist at least once a year (or better - 2 times a year), then you will be able to identify problems with your teeth in the early stages, get rid of them with minimal time and money.

By the way, an equally important reason for visiting the dentist is also monitoring the condition of the gums, because. There are some unpleasant gum diseases that do not manifest themselves at first.

Blood sugar test

Determining the level of sugar in the blood - the main method diagnosis of diabetes. The importance of this procedure lies in the fact that a modern, sedentary lifestyle significantly increases the risk of diabetes, which is treatable in the early stages.

Ophthalmologist examination

A standard examination by an ophthalmologist includes external and internal examination of the eyes, cornea, lens, fundus, as well as measuring the level of eye pressure.

The importance of visiting an ophthalmologist is that most eye disease progressesasymptomatically and begin to manifest themselves when the treatment of the disease is already becoming long and costly.

Thanks to the examinations of an ophthalmologist, it is possible to timely detect such dangerous diseases as occlusion (disruption of blood vessels), retinal detachment, glaucoma (damage to the optic nerve), cataracts (clouding of the lens). It is worth noting that some eye diseases, in the absence of timely treatment, can lead to complete loss of vision.

Examination by a gastroenterologist

Gastroenterologist doing an examination abdomen and general condition of the digestive systems with the help of hands and special equipment. The importance of a visit to this specialist lies in the fact that the digestive system is at risk of oncological diseases, which falsely amenable to treatment and often lead to death.

One of the studies that allows you to get the most complete picture of the digestive system is FGDS- a study of the stomach and mucosa using a thin tube equipped with a camera, the image from which is transmitted to the screen. Such surveys should be carried out at least once every 2-3 years.

Fluorography

This examination is an x-ray of the lungs in one projection. Fluorography makes it possible to timely detect tuberculosis and other changes in the lungs. The minimum age from which it is possible to carry out fluorography is 15 years.

General blood analysis

It is necessary to take this analysis in the direction of a therapist who will decipher it and, based on the results, will give you recommendations.

A general blood test allows you to identify inflammatory processes in the body, the condition of the walls of blood vessels, as well as measure the level of hemoglobin, identify problems with the stomach.

Cholesterol check

Checking the level of cholesterol is carried out by donating blood from a vein.

Cholesterol levels show how susceptible a person is to a disease such as atherosclerosis, and also makes it clear what state it is in the cardiovascular system. The norm of cholesterol of a healthy person is from 5 to 6 mmol / l.

Electrocardiogram and lipid profile check

The heart is one of the most important human organs, on the work of which the state of the whole organism depends. Even if it doesn't bother you, get an electrocardiogram and a lipid profile checked annually.

Electrocardiogram- a study of the heart rhythm, which allows to identify a violation of the heart, a tendency to myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease.

Lipid profile check shows the general condition of the cardiovascular system, as well as the likelihood of blood clots in the body. It is carried out by donating blood from a vein on an empty stomach, at least after a 12-hour break after eating.

For men: examination by a urologist and ultrasound of the prostate

In the modern world, diseases of the male reproductive system are increasingly disturbing not only older people, but also young people. This is largely due to sedentary work, lack of sports, and malnutrition. Therefore, upon reaching the age of 18, any man is recommended to be examined by a urologist at least once a year, as well as to do an ultrasound of the prostate gland, for the timely detection of such an insidious disease as prostatitis.

For women: examination by a mammologist and gynecologist

An examination by a mammologist is a necessity for any woman who has reached the age of 18, because. allows you to identify in the initial stages all kinds of neoplasms in the chest, which cannot be detected with one's own hand.

Also, an examination by a gynecologist is a necessity, because. the female body is very vulnerable to various kinds of infections along the female line, which is very, very important to identify and eliminate in a timely manner.

Conclusion

The habit of going to the doctor only when something hurts is a manifestation of banal human laziness, which can turn into unpleasant consequences. Remember that your health is in your hands, take care of it, and one day you will thank yourself for it!

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How to be examined to be sure of your own health? When to start doing an ultrasound of the mammary glands, and when a mammogram? For whom is a colonoscopy recommended? How often do you need to take smears and laboratory tests of urine and blood? A list of all the studies required for an adult at each life stage is given below.

Detecting a disease at an early stage or preventing its occurrence by eliminating risk factors is the basis for maintaining health and a high quality of life for many years.

This is typical for both women and men of all ages, but it is especially important for the beautiful half of humanity, because the female body is much more complicated.

The presence of cyclicity in his work requires appropriate research in each period. You should always listen to your body, understand its signals and be examined in time if any unusual symptoms occur.

In this article, we have collected information about the necessary medical tests for each age group, indicating their goals and recommended frequency.

This is a universal list, however, each organism is individual, and you need to take into account your own risk factors, for example, heredity, being overweight, existing diseases, working conditions and lifestyle.

To clarify this list, consult your doctor, he may prescribe more frequent examinations if indicated.

Age from 20 to 30 years

Gynecological examination.

Once every six months - a year, young women need to visit a gynecologist. Standard examinations at this age:

examination of the vagina and cervix for the presence of erosions, benign tumors - papillomas and condylomas (viral warts);
palpation examination of the mammary glands;
Ultrasound of the mammary glands for early detection of fibroadenomatosis - nodes or seals;
a smear from the cervix for the presence of atypical cells - precancerous or cancerous.

The smear material is examined under a microscope in the laboratory by a cytologist. Results are usually ready within three to four weeks.

Measurement of blood pressure.

To prevent the occurrence of diseases of the circulatory system, it is important to regularly measure your blood pressure (BP), even at such an early age.

The norm of blood pressure for a healthy person is 120/80 mm Hg. Art. The numbers are higher than 140/90 mmHg. Art. in each of the three consecutive pressure measurements, indicate the presence of arterial hypertension. How to treat this disease, the therapist will tell you.

Blood and urine tests.

A general clinical blood test is a measurement of hemoglobin levels, the number of different types of blood cells: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

A biochemical blood test provides important information about the level of glucose, cholesterol and its fractions (atherogenic - "bad" and non-atherogenic - "good"), triglycerides, vitamin D, blood iron, liver and kidney function indicators, etc.

Since people in their 20s and 30s usually have a very active sex life and often go with a quick change of partners, doctors recommend being tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These include diseases such as HIV / AIDS, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, viral hepatitis B and C, genital herpes virus, etc.

The results of these laboratory tests can be found out 10-14 days after the test, and the doctor will prescribe treatment if necessary.

Dermatoscopy (examination of moles).

All formations on the skin should be examined regularly. If you notice that the size of the moles has increased, the nature of the edges has changed, if any of them began to bleed, changed color, or an ulcer formed on its surface, you should urgently consult a dermatologist.

This should also be done if the neoplasm is located in an inconvenient place, and you often injure it with fasteners or straps from clothing. These actions are necessary so that the mole, initially a benign formation, does not transform into skin cancer.

Age from 30 to 40 years

Annual tests

At this age, it is desirable to continue taking general clinical and biochemical blood tests, control blood pressure, regularly visit a gynecologist, perform an ultrasound of the mammary glands once a year and a smear from the cervix every two to three years.

This is most important for women whose blood relatives suffer or have suffered from cancer, as well as those with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV). Medical science has proven that HPV can cause cervical cancer.

Measurement of weight and height.

Obesity is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, breast cancer, metabolic syndrome, and more.

Having diagnosed it at the initial stage, it will be easier to take measures to eliminate excess weight. But sharp unreasonable weight loss is also dangerous - this is one of the symptoms of the oncological process in the body.

Therefore, be sure to weigh yourself every 3-4 months.

ECG.

Electrocardiography is a painless and very informative way to assess the work and condition of the heart. It should be done at least once a year.

Examination by an ophthalmologist.

Annual visual acuity testing and measurement of intraocular pressure are required to detect early development of glaucoma or cataracts.

Women during pregnancy especially need to visit an ophthalmologist, because. this condition can cause visual disturbances, such as clouding of the lens of the eye or the appearance of foci of retinal dystrophy.

The reason for this is the change in blood pressure during childbearing. And in childbirth, this can cause such a formidable complication as retinal detachment, which leads to blindness.

Study of the function of external respiration.

Age from 40 to 55 years

Annual surveys.

A gynecological examination and a visit to a general practitioner with the measurement of blood pressure, pulse, weight and height, body mass index, auscultation (listening) of the lungs and palpation of the abdomen is the basic program at this age. You also need to continue to check your eyesight, hearing, do an ECG and donate blood and urine for analysis every year.

A good tool for diagnosing early ischemic changes in the heart, which can later lead to myocardial infarction, is bicycle ergometry.

It is a study performed at the time of the load on the heart, for this patient is asked to pedal on an exercise bike and at the same time an electrocardiogram is recorded.

In addition, every 1-2 years, moles are examined, lung function is measured, and fecal occult blood is analyzed (for early diagnosis of peptic ulcer or oncology of the gastrointestinal tract).

Mammography.

To prevent the development of tumors in the tissues of the breast, after 40 years, one ultrasound is no longer enough. At this age, a mammogram is performed - an x-ray of the mammary glands.

It is done at least once every two years, and preferably more often, because breast cancer progresses quickly, and it is vital to identify it in the initial stages, then the treatment will be effective.

The radiologist will provide you with an answer on mammography within a few days and, if indicated, will refer you to a specialist – mammologist.

Colonoscopy.

A colonoscopy is recommended every five years and is designed to detect colon cancer early.

Directly during the examination itself, small intestinal formations can be removed immediately and painlessly by the endoscopist.

Then the taken material is sent for histological examination to clarify the nature of the neoplasm: whether it was an ordinary polyp, precancer or intestinal cancer.

Timely diagnosis allows you to start treatment without delay.

Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis.

Designed to detect problems such as bile stone disease, pancreatitis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, tumors of the liver and gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, kidney and adrenal glands. Must be done every two years.

Blood test for tumor markers.

Every five years or more often, if indicated (for example, when a polyp is detected on colonoscopy), it is necessary to take a blood test for tumor markers. It is taken from a vein, the results are ready within a few days.

Bone density test.

Early diagnosis of osteoporosis caused by a decrease in the density of bone components and further treatment can reduce the risk of fractures of the pelvic bones, spine and hip. It should be remembered that the older the patient, the more dangerous skeletal injuries become for him.

Age from 55 to 65 years

However, annual fecal occult blood tests and bone density measurements every two to three years are the most informative diagnostic option.

Depending on the results of periodic screening tests and examinations by specialists, additional studies may be necessary. Don't put them off.

Age 65 and over

A bone density test should be performed at least every two years. In addition, it is recommended to have an eye examination every 12 months and a colonoscopy every five years. When polyps are found and removed, the next endoscopy is usually scheduled faster, no later than three years.

Another important recommendation: if you are constantly taking any drugs, do not forget that over the years you need to adjust their dosage to reduce the risk of side effects. Only a doctor can help you with this.

Take care of yourself and be healthy!

http://website/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/1714622.jpg 3540 5506 ErikG http://website/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/logo-1.pngErikG 2016-05-25 08:34:28 2017-07-12 15:26:44 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and older. What examinations are needed at each age?

Early diagnosis is extremely important for the treatment of malignant neoplasms, at the initial stage, cancer is not a sentence.

Meanwhile, oncological processes are causing the death of a huge number of people, among whom middle-aged people and even those who are under 30 are increasingly appearing.

The main problem is that many malignant neoplasms are able to “disguise themselves”, the disease almost does not manifest itself with symptoms that can cause anxiety.

Fatigue, fatigue, headaches and other pains of moderate intensity, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea often chalk it up to stress and unhealthy lifestyle, acute respiratory infections and viral infections, not rushing to the doctors for help. And when the symptoms become apparent, the work of the affected organ is disrupted, the tissues around the tumor are destroyed, the treatment is ineffective.

According to the accepted classification, there are 4 stages of development of neoplasms. positive outlook doctors confidently do at stage 1, when the tumor has not yet reached 2 cm in size and has not begun to “sprout” into organs, the lymphatic system, and even at stage 2, when metastasis is observed. Much, of course, depends on the process itself, the place of its localization.

Difficult to treat Stage 3, on the 4th, only the elimination of symptoms is very often shown, the prognosis of physicians is disappointing, because the tumor has already given many metastases, destroys all nearby organs.

That is why cancer prevention, regular examinations, taking into account all risks, remain extremely important.

At risk are:

patients with a hereditary predisposition, that is, those whose blood relatives were diagnosed with cancer;
exposed to radiation, poisoning by chemical carcinogens;
suffering from nicotine addiction;
patients with immunodeficiency;
women after 35 years of age who have not given birth or not breast-fed, it was noted that breast and ovarian cancer is often associated with early onset of menstruation or menopause that began after 55 years.

anxiety symptoms should become:

wounds that do not heal for a very long time;
problems swallowing food and water;
the appearance of interspersed blood in the stool;
unusual discharge from the genitals, mammary glands;
moles that have changed shape or have begun to grow in size;
sudden weight loss;
the appearance of swelling, seals, deformation of the neck, face, mammary glands, genital organs;
dry cough for several weeks, hoarseness, shortness of breath.

Even general blood analysis contains a lot of useful information, so it is recommended to take it at least once a year. If necessary, the hospital will advise you to undergo additional studies, which will also prevent the likelihood of developing irreversible consequences.

What tests detect cancer?

You can't tell if a person has cancer by a drop of blood, but see deviations able is quite likely. For a good diagnostician, it will not be difficult to suspect a neoplasm if there are deviations in the leukocyte formula, the number of platelets is clearly reduced, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is more than 30 for a long time.

Deviation in any direction total protein content may speak of a neoplasm that accelerates decay, inhibits the formation of proteins, which often occurs with malignant plasmacytoma. The growth of creatinine and urea is evidence of a malfunction of the kidneys, poisoning of the body with substances from cancer cells, while the growth of only urea can be evidence tumor decomposition.

An increase in alkaline phosphatase can indicate malignant processes. If cholesterol in the blood falls below the lower limit, this is considered one of the signs of liver cancer.

If you suspect for cancerous processes in the stomach, fibroesophagastroduodenoscopy is considered the most accurate, with the collection of material for research, in the rectum - colonoscopy, in the lungs - bronchoscopy, sputum examination, in the cervix - cytological examination of the smear. Specific studies are carried out when checking neoplasms in the genitals, intestines, pancreas and thyroid glands.

But any deviations in analyzes, this is a reason not to despair, but to start an urgent examination, because the indicators of the level of a particular substance cannot serve as an accurate confirmation of the diagnosis of cancer.

Doctors will carry out many additional procedures to identify the nature of the abnormalities, they will definitely check the cells taken from the suspicious area, only after that we can talk about the presence of malignant tumors.

In recent years, it has become very popular immunological diagnostics. Blood is examined for the content of antigens in it, which are also called tumor markers. In a normal healthy body, most of these substances, if present, are in minimal quantities. Growth also indicates the development of the tumor process.

Today, medicine releases more than 300 proteins, enzymes, hormones and other substances that can confirm the presence of malignant processes in the body. However, each of these markers reacts either to a certain type of tumor (primary), or is not very sensitive, that is, it is useless for early diagnosis, but together with the main one confirms suspicions (secondary), or it responds to many types of neoplasms, that is, it is not able to indicate where exactly is the problem.

Diagnose prostate cancer PSA antigen (prostate-specific) helps. However, its concentration may increase in the elderly, as well as during special procedures, some infections.
colon cancer, as well as the lungs, the mammary gland is able to increase the concentration of the CEA antigen, which is called cancer embryonic.
Cancer of the liver, ovaries, testicles the AFP protein (alpha-fetoprotein), which is practically not detected in an adult body, enters the body; a person needs it during embryonic development, that is, in the womb. The acquisition of the properties of embryonic cells by the neoplasm provokes the release of this protein.
ovarian cancer HE4 protein can also confirm, especially if, along with it, an increased content of CA 125 protein is detected.
Melanoma issues protein S-100.
Damage to the pancreas accompanied by an increase in CA 19-9 protein.
Cancers of the stomach, lungs, breast increase the amount of CA 72 - 4.
Thyroid in oncology produces a large amount of calcitonin.
Antigens there are also small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, carcinomas, squamous cell tumors, leukemias, leukemias.

But none of the tumor markers is not accurate, 100% true confirmation of the cancer process. Therefore, diagnosis for the desired antigen is carried out in the presence of symptoms, confirmed by other methods. Most often, tumor markers are needed in order to monitor the development of the process, check the effectiveness of treatment, and prevent relapses.

In addition, blood testing for the presence of antigens to tumors of various nature - the procedure is complex and expensive, they usually do it in private clinics, and therefore they do such tests only with the most serious suspicions of malignant neoplasms. Can't count they are completely reliable, because our body is complex, many of its characteristics are individual, a benign disease, infection or taking any drugs can provoke the growth of a substance. That is why only the doctor decides which tests should be taken by the patient in order to identify his pathology.

How is cancer diagnosed?

There are actually quite a few methods to identify a terrible disease. Radiation diagnostics, ultrasound, complete blood count and biochemistry studies of the body, endoscopy of organs, as well as a mandatory biopsy to confirm the malignancy of the formation are necessary on any suspicion on cancer processes.

In no case should you neglect the recommendations of doctors, especially if a scheduled visit to a highly specialized specialist is recommended once every 6 or 12 months, because many benign neoplasms under certain conditions, they are able to regenerate, give metastases and grow very quickly and aggressively, penetrating into organs and destroying them.

Is it possible to take some tests periodically to be sure that you are not sick with anything, or to “catch” a terrible disease at an early stage, when it responds well to treatment?

Olga Alexandrova, a general practitioner of the highest category, answers:

- The results of the analyzes allow not only to diagnose existing diseases and changes in the body, but also to prevent them. Despite the eloquence of many laboratory indicators, only a doctor can make a diagnosis, since a change in some indicators can occur not against the background of pathological processes, but due to the influence of external factors, for example, taking certain drugs or intense physical activity.

heart attack, heart failure, atherosclerosis

Diseases of the cardiovascular system

It is necessary to take: a general and biochemical blood test.

How often: 2 times a year.

Important indicators:

The most important is the level of cholesterol in the blood. High cholesterol levels indicate a risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

The norm for total cholesterol is 3.61-5.21 mmol / l.

The level of "bad" cholesterol with low density (LDL) - from 2.250 to 4.820 mmol / l.

The level of "good" cholesterol with high density (HDL) - from 0.71 to 1.71 mmol / l.

Also important:

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) - an increase in these indicators indicates problems with the muscle cells of the heart, the occurrence of myocardial infarction.

The norm of ALT in women is up to 31 U / l, in men - up to 41 U / l.

The norm of AST in women is up to 31 U / l), in men - up to 35-41 U / l.

C-reactive protein - an indicator of the inflammatory process or tissue necrosis.

The norm for everyone is less than 5 mg / l.

Thrombosis

It is necessary to hand over: a coagulogram. It gives an idea of the coagulability and viscosity of the blood, the possibility of blood clots or bleeding.

How often: Once a year.

Important indicators:

APTT - the period of time during which a blood clot is formed - 27-49 seconds.

Thrombosed index - the ratio of plasma clotting time and control plasma clotting time - 95-105%.

Fibrinogen - the first factor of the blood coagulation system - 2.0-4.0 g / l, or 5.8-11.6 μmol / l.

Platelets - 200-400 x 109 / l.

Diabetes

It is necessary to take: a blood test for sugar from a finger (it is given strictly on an empty stomach).

How often: 2 times a year.

Important indicator:

Blood glucose level: normal - 3.3-5.5 mmol / l.

It is necessary to take: a blood test for glycated hemoglobin.

The norm is less than 6%.

6.0-6.5% - an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus and its complications, according to WHO.

Oncology

There are several types of tests that can detect cancer at an early stage.

Analyzes after 40 years should be taken 1 time in 2 years.

colorectal cancer

It is necessary to take: analysis of feces for occult blood.

The presence of blood indicates occult bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract, which may indicate the presence of a tumor.

Cervical cancer

It is necessary to take: a cytological smear from the cervix, which is taken during a gynecological examination. Shows precancerous changes in the mucous membrane of the cervix - CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia).

Leukemia (blood cancer)

It is necessary to hand over: the general analysis of a blood.

With leukemia, the number of lymphocytes changes (it can be higher or lower, but it is never normal. The level of platelets drops (it can be 4-5 times lower than the lower limit of the norm). ESR in leukemia increases significantly.

Ulcer, colitis, etc. diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Need to pass: coprogram.

How often: Once every 2 years.

Allows you to identify diseases of the intestines, biliary system, pancreas.

To diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection, which is the cause of gastritis and stomach ulcers, a urease breath test is used (one of the metabolic products of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is urease).

Endocrine diseases

It is necessary to hand over: a blood test for thyroid hormones.

How often: Once a year or after severe stress.

Important indicator:

The TSH hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is the main regulator of the thyroid gland, which is produced by the pituitary gland.

The norm is 0.4-4.0 honey / l. An elevated level of TSH in the blood may indicate hypothyroidism - a disease of the thyroid gland (an insufficient amount of hormones is produced). A low level of TSH is called thyrotoxicosis and is characterized by an excess of thyroid hormones in the body, which can lead to disruption of the nervous system, as well as disrupt the functioning of the cells responsible for the correct heart rhythm.

Hepatitis

It is necessary to take: a blood test from a vein for the presence of antibodies.

How often: once a year or after operations, questionable sexual relations.

Indirectly, the presence of hepatitis can be judged by the presence of bilirubin in the urine test. Normally, it shouldn't be.

Nephritis, pyelonephritis and other diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract

It is necessary to take: a general urine test.

How often: 2 times a year.

Important indicator- protein concentration. It should be below 0.140 g/l.

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