Modern political map of the world Completed by: Bardina Anna teacher Naydenkova S.A. MOU secondary school No. 1
Stages in the formation of the political map of the world Ancient (before the 5th century AD) emergence and collapse of the first states. Medieval (V - XVI centuries) - the emergence of large feudal states in Europe and Asia New (XVI - XI X centuries) - the formation of a colonial empire. The latest (the first half of the 20th century) - the formation of socialist countries, the collapse of the colonial system Modern (the second half of the 20th century is the modern period)
Changes on the map Quantitative Qualitative Territorial acquisitions, losses, voluntary concessions Change of formations Conquest of sovereignty Introduction of a new state system
The level of socio-economic development. Expressed in terms of GDP and HDI Economically developed countries G7 countries (GDP - 20 - 30 thousand dollars) Smaller countries of Western Europe (GDP, as in the G7 countries Countries of resettlement capitalism (UK dominions)
Countries with economies in transition Former socialist countries: 1. Eastern Europe (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria…) They can be classified as economically developed countries 2 . Post-socialist and socialist countries (Laos, Vietnam ..). They can be classified as developing countries
Developing countries Key countries - have great natural, human and economic potential. GDP 350 dollars. Latin America, Asia, North Africa. GDP 1000 dollars. NIS - new industrial countries - "Asian tigers" Oil-exporting countries of the Persian Gulf. GDP 20 - 30 thousand dollars. "Classic" developing countries lagging behind in their development, with a per capita GDP of less than 1 thousand dollars a year. Most countries in Africa, as well as Asia and Latin America. The least developed countries of the "fourth world" 47 countries with a GDP of 100 - 300 dollars per year. Ethiopia, Haiti, Bangladesh...
There are more than 200 countries and territories on the PKM, of which more than 190 are sovereign states, among them are: km 2 (Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, Australia, India) "Large countries", their area is more than 500 thousand km 2 (France, Spain ..), the area is more than 1 million square meters. km 2 (Sudan, Algeria, Libya..) Microstates - having an insignificant San Marino, Liechtenstein, area (Vatican, Singapore..)
BY POPULATION Giant countries with a population of over 100 million people (China, India, USA, Brazil, Indonesia, Russia ...) Medium countries (Algeria, Mexico ...) 3. Small countries, microstates, with a population of 10 - 30 thousand people or less (Vatican, San Marino, Monaco…)
BY GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION With a coastal position (Mexico, Argentina, Congo, Saudi Arabia, Poland, Russia ..) 2. Peninsular (Italy, India, Portugal, Korea, Denmark ..) 3. Island (Great Britain, Cuba, Iceland, Madagascar, ..) 4. Inland countries (42 states are deprived of access to the ocean: Mongolia, Austria, Czech Republic, Chad, Rwanda ...)
By form of government 1. Republic - ¾ of all countries of the world Presidential Parliamentary Mixed USA, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Venezuela, Costa Rica Germany, Italy, Israel, India, Ireland France, Portugal, Finland
2. Monarchies There are 30 of them in the world: Oceania 2 Asia 13 Africa 3 Europe 12 Constitutional “reigns”, but does not rule Absolute “reigns” and rules Theocratic “theos” given by God Great Britain, Belgium, Norway, Spain Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait , UAE Vatican,
3 . States within the Commonwealth of 15 countries, former dominions of Great Britain, formally the head of state is the Queen of Great Britain, who is represented by the Governor General
4. Represented by Libya alone Officially Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamaheriya (state of the masses)
According to the peculiarities of the territorial and state structure Unitary Unified legislative and executive power Federal Along with uniform laws there are separate self-governing units Confederation Provisional Union Great Britain, Italy, Japan Russia, India, Nigeria 22 states in total Switzerland is a union of sovereign states, a union of independent cantons
Political geography Formation of the political map of the world and its individual regions Changes in political boundaries Features of the state system Political parties, groups and blocs Territorial aspects of mass election campaigns GEOPOLITICS - expresses state policy, primarily in relation to the country's borders and its interaction with others, primarily neighboring countries
Complete the task: According to the form of the state system, countries are: A) monarchies B) democracies C) federations D) republics According to the form of the state territorial structure, countries are divided into: A) theocratic B) totalitarian C) federal D) unitary The Commonwealth of Nations is an interstate association headed by : A) Russia B) Great Britain C) France D) USA
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Lesson topic: Countries on the political map of the world. Purpose: To get acquainted with the classification of states.
Topic: Countries on the political map of the world. A state is a sovereign entity that has supreme power on its territory and independence in relations with other states. There are 230 states in the world, of which 194 have sovereignty, the rest are “fragments” of the former colonial empires of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, and the USA.
Classification of states: I. According to S: A. Giant states (S> 3 million km ²): Russia S \u003d 17075 thousand km ² Canada S \u003d 9976 thousand km ² China S \u003d 9572 thousand km ² USA S \u003d 9328 thousand km ² Brazil S = 8512 thousand km ² Australia S = 7687 thousand km ² India S = 3288 thousand km ²
Classification of states: I. By S: B. Medium (S
Classification of states: I. According to S: D. Dwarf states: Vatican - "city-state". S \u003d 0.44 km²; Population=932 people The language of official documents is Latin. Center of the Catholic Church., Empire of the Pope. Form of government - TM. Army - 100 people. The monetary unit is the euro. Andorra is “the gate through which the wind blows”. S \u003d 468 km²; Population = 71 thousand people The capital is Andorra la Vella. Official languages are Spanish, French, Catalan. Form of government - KM (principality). The monetary unit is the euro.
Classification of states: I. By S: D. Dwarf states: Malta. S \u003d 316 km²; Population = 400 thousand people The capital is Valletta. The official language is English, Maltese. Since 1800 - a British colony, now a British naval base. The form of government is R. (part of the Commonwealth of States led by Great Britain). The monetary unit is the Maltese lira. San Marino. S \u003d 60.6 km²; Population = 27 thousand people The capital is San Marino. Date of foundation - September 3, 301, status of the state - since 1670, the official language is Italian. Form of government - R. Monetary unit - Maltese lira.
Classification of states: I. According to S: D. Dwarf states: Monaco. S \u003d 1.6 km²; Population = 32 thousand people The capital is Monaco. The official language is French. Form of government - KM (principality). The monetary unit is the euro. Liechtenstein. S \u003d 158 km²; Population = 33 thousand people The capital is Vaduz. The official language is German. Form of government - KM (principality). Doesn't have an army. Represents on the world stage - Switzerland. The monetary unit is the Swiss mark.
Classification of states: I. According to S: E. Dwarf states: Singapore is a "port city". S \u003d 60 km²; Population = 4492 thousand people The capital is Singapore. Since 1965, the form of government is R. The official language is Malay, English, Chinese. The monetary unit is the Singapore dollar.
Classification of States: II. By population: 1. China - 13 38 million people. 2. India - 1,156 million people 3. USA - 307 million people 4. Indonesia - 240 million people 5. Brazil - 1 98 million people 6. Pakistan - 1 74 million people 7. Bangladesh - 1 56 million people 8. Nigeria - 149 million people 9. Russia 10. Japan - 127 million people 11. Mexico - 111 million people
Classification of states: III. By geography Maritime Peninsular Island Archipelago Countries Landlocked (42)
The level of socio-economic development of the state. It is based on GDP. Gross domestic product is an indicator that characterizes the value of all final products produced in the territory of a given country in one year. HDI (human development index) - the level of per capita income of people, life expectancy, the level of education. According to the level of socio-economic development, all states can be divided into developed and developing.
Developed countries: "Big Seven" - USA, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, Great Britain, Canada (countries account for about 50% of world GDP and industrial production, over 25% of agricultural products. GDP per capita is from 20 to 40 thousand dollars or more). Smaller countries of Western Europe. Non-European countries - Australia, New Zealand and South Africa (former resettlement colonies of Great Britain) and Israel.
Developing countries: "Key countries" - India, Brazil, Mexico, China. Developing countries that have reached a relatively high level of socio-economic development and have a per capita GDP of 10 to 15 thousand dollars (Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Venezuela, Algeria ...) Newly industrialized countries. Oil-exporting countries (GDP thanks to the "petrodollar" reaches from 10 to 20 thousand dollars) - Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Libya, Brunei. Economically Lagging Countries (GDP
Countries in Transition: Post-Socialist Countries. 12 former socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Mongolia.
V. By form of government. Form of government Monarchy Republic of Jamahiriya Commonwealth of states led by Great Britain Absolute monarchy Constitutional monarchy Theocratic monarchy Presidential Parliamentary
V. By form of government. Monarchy is a form of government in which the head of state is the emperor, king, duke, prince, sultan, etc. This sovereignty is hereditary. Under a constitutional monarchy, the legislative power belongs to the parliament, and the executive power to the government, while the monarch himself, one might say, "reigns, but does not rule." The monarchical system is preserved in them as a millennium, a tradition reminiscent of the former greatness of the "crown". AM: Brunei (sultanate), UAE (federation of emirates, head of state - sheikh), Qatar (emirate), Kuwait (emirate), Saudi Arabia (king and head of local Muslims), Oman (sultanate). CM: UK, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Japan, Spain…). TM: Vatican (Benedict XVI).
V. By form of government. A republic is a form of government in which the supreme legislative power belongs to an elected representative body - the parliament, and the executive - to the government. The birthplace of the republican system is Europe (San Marino). Parliamentary republic: Germany, Italy, India... Presidential republic - Russian Federation, USA, France... Jamahiriya (from Arabic "state of the masses") - the regime of people's power in the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Muammar Gaddafi). British-led Commonwealth of Nations: Canada, Australia, New Zealand…).
VI. In the form of an administrative-territorial structure. Form of administrative-territorial structure Unitary state Federation Confederation
VI. In the form of an administrative-territorial structure. A unitary state (translated from Latin as “unity”) has a form of administrative-territorial structure in which the country has a single legislative and executive power (Belarus, France, Great Britain, Egypt ...). A federal state (from the Latin “union”) has such a form of administrative-territorial structure, in which, along with uniform (federal) laws and authorities, there are separate self-governing territorial units (republics, provinces, lands, states, etc.) that have own legislative, executive and judicial authorities (RF, USA, Canada, Nigeria…). A confederation is a union of sovereigns that create common legislative bodies to solve a number of common tasks (mutual defense, foreign relations, state security, financing, etc.).
MOU "Mayskaya secondary school" MOU "Mayskaya secondary school" Topic: Political map of the world. Subject: Political map of the world. Economic and social geography of the world (grade 10) Economic and social geography of the world (grade 10)
Number and grouping of countries 2000 - There are only 230 countries and territories on Earth in 2000. – there are only 230 countries and territories on Earth Grouping is carried out on the basis of quantitative criteria or features of geographical location Grouping is carried out on the basis of quantitative criteria or features of geographical location % % Countries GP CNS Russia -1 China -1 Russia - 7
7 million km Giant countries S>7 million km Medium - most Medium - most Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Russia PRC Australia India Sudan USA " title="(!LANG: Grouping countries by area Countries - giants S>7 million km Countries - giants S>7 million km Medium - most Medium - most Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Russia China Australia India Sudan USA" class="link_thumb"> 3 !} Grouping of countries by area Countries - giants S>7 million km Countries - giants S>7 million km Medium - majority Medium - majority Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Russia China China Australia India Sudan USA Canada Brazil Argentina Kazakhstan 7 million km Giant countries S>7 million km Medium - most Medium - most Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Russia China Australia India Sudan USA "> 7 million km Countries - giants S> 7 million km Medium - majority Medium - majority Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Russia China Australia India Sudan USA Canada Brazil Argentina Kazakhstan "> 7 million km Giant countries S> 7 million km Medium - most Medium - most Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Russia PRC Australia India Sudan USA " title="(!LANG:Group countries by area Countries - giants S>7 million km Countries - giants S> 7 million km Medium - most Medium - most Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Russia China Australia India Sudan USA"> title="Grouping of countries by area Countries - giants S>7 million km Countries - giants S>7 million km Medium - most Medium - most Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Dwarfs, for example: Andorra, Monaco, Brunei Russia China China Australia India Sudan USA"> !}
Typology of countries The typology is based on important qualitative features that determine the country's place on the economic and political map. The typology is based on important qualitative features that determine the country's place on the economic and political map. The main feature is the level of socio-economic development of the country, expressed through the GDP indicator. The main feature is the level of socio-economic development of the country, expressed through the GDP indicator.
Head - President (elections) Head - monarch (inheritance) Head - President (elections) Head - monarch (inheritance) Legislator - parliament (elections) Legislator and Legislator - Executive power - executive government - parliament. (appointed by the president) power with the monarch Executive- (appointed by the president) power with the monarch Executive-government government Cuba, North Korea, China, Vietnam Unity of spiritual and secular power Cuba, North Korea, China, Vietnam Unity of spiritual and secular power New monarchies: Spain - 1975 ., Cambodia - 1993 New monarchies: Spain - 1975, Cambodia - 1993 Form of government Republic (majority) Monarchy (about 30) Presidential Parliamentary Absolute Constitutional Theocratic Socialist
International relations, modern stage. The end of the 1980s marked the transition from confrontation to mutual understanding and cooperation; The end of the 1980s marked the transition from confrontation to mutual understanding and cooperation; The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, the proclamation by the NATO countries of the program “Partnership for Peace”, in which Russia participates; The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, the proclamation by the NATO countries of the program “Partnership for Peace”, in which Russia participates; International problems: International problems: regional and local conflicts; regional and local conflicts; the fight for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons; the fight for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons; NATO expansion to the east. NATO expansion to the east.
United Nations Headquarters - New York Headquarters - New York Number of members in 2006 Number of members in 2006 The main task is to defuse world tensions The main task is to defuse world tensions
Political geography studies: the formation of the PC of the world and its individual territories; formation of the PC of the world and its separate territories; Change in political boundaries; Change in political boundaries; Features of the state system; Features of the state system; Political parties, groups, blocs; Political parties, groups, blocs; Territorial aspects of election campaigns Territorial aspects of election campaigns
Fixation test There are countries on the modern political map of the world: There are countries on the modern political map of the world: a) 150; b) 230; c) 280; d) 174. During the second half of the 20th century, the main “hot spot” of the planet remains: During the second half of the 20th century, the main “hot spot” of the planet remains: a) the USA; b) Equatorial Africa; in Russia; d) the Middle East. The largest state of the Earth by area: The largest state of the Earth by area: a) Canada; b) Russia; To China; d) USA. Arrange the countries in descending order of population: Arrange the countries in descending order of population: a) Russia; b) USA; To China; d) Brazil.
Fixation test An important role in the settlement of international conflicts is played by: An important role in the settlement of international conflicts is played by: a) OPEC; b) NATO; c) the UN; d) Red Cross. A high level of economic and social development is characterized primarily by: A high level of economic and social development is characterized primarily by: a) population size; b) GDP per capita; c) the prices of newspapers and magazines; d) population density Select a country from the Asian Tigers group: Select a country from the Asian Tigers group: a) Japan; b) Pakistan; c) Taiwan; d) Mongolia.
Thank you for your attention! MOU "Mayskaya Secondary School" MOU "Mayskaya Secondary School" Perm Territory, Krasnokamsk, Maisky settlement, st. Tsentralnaya, d. 5 Central, d
The purpose of the lesson : To form the basic ideas about the modern political map of the world, as a result of a centuries-old clash of interests of powerful states; to show the influence of international relations on changing the political map of the world.
1. Stages of forming a political map
2. Number and grouping of countries.
3. Typology of countries.
4. Economically highly developed countries.
5. Developing countries.
6. Countries with economies in transition.
Stages of formation of the political map of the world
- Ancient (before the 5th century AD) the emergence and collapse of the first states.
- Medieval (V - XVI centuries) - the emergence of large feudal states in Europe and Asia
- New (XVI-XIX centuries) - the formation of a colonial empire.
- The latest (first half of the 20th century) - the formation of socialist countries, the collapse of the colonial system
- Modern (second half of the 20th century - modern period)
The concept of PCM
- PKM - This is a geographical map that shows countries, their borders, capitals and major cities
- Thus, PKM is a historical and geographical concept, since a political map is essentially a geographical reflection of the historical process
Country, state - the main object of the political map of the world. At the beginning of the 21st century, the total number of countries and territories on the political map of the world reaches approximately 230.
Changes on RMB
quantitative
quantitative
quality
quality
Changing political
borders
as a result:
- Wars;
- International
negotiations;
1. Change of political
regime in the country;
2. Change of form of government;
3. Shape change
state
devices
CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.
SIZE CLASSIFICATION
TERRITORIES:
GIANTS; MEDIUM; MICROG-VA
BY POPULATION
States - "dwarfs"
Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco,
1. Russia 6. Australia
Vatican, Mauritius, Barbados,
2. Canada 7. India
3. China 8. Argentina
Nauru etc.
4. USA 9. Kazakhstan
5. Brazil 10. Sudan
With a population of over 100 million.
1. China 1.2 billion 6. Bangladesh 148 million
2. India 950 million 7. Russia 145 million
3. USA 280 million 8. Pakistan 143 million
4. Indonesia 200 million 9. Japan 126 million
5. Brazil 161 million 10. Nigeria 125 million
CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES BY GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
insular
archipelago countries
peninsular
seaside
not having
access to the sea
(France)
(Slovakia)
CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES BY THE LEVEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMICALLY
THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING
ECONOMICALLY
COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION
THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
ECONOMY
ERS WITH TRANSITION
ECONOMY
"BIG SEVEN"
THE RICHEST COUNTRIES
(GDP per capita
in US dollars)
GDP is the total value of goods
and services produced by the national
economy in one year.
SWITZERLAND $37180
JAPAN 34630 $
LUXEMBOURG 29900 $
GERMANY 28870 $
SINGAPORE (NIS) $25850
developed
(Countries of Europe)
POST-SOCIALIST
COUNTRIES IN OST. E EUROPE
Germany
SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO, SLOVENIA, MACEDONIA, ROMANIA, HUNGARY, etc.
BELARUS,
Great Britain
COUNTRIES OF RESETTLEMENT
CAPITALISM: South Africa, Israel,
AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND
CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES BY LEVEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPING
DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION
ECONOMICALLY
ECONOMY
THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
THE POOREST COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD
(GDP per capita less than $100,
only about 50 countries)
AFGHANISTAN 40 $
MOZAMBIQUE 77 $
ETHIOPIA $90
All countries in Africa (except South Africa), Latin America and Asia (except Japan and Israel)
NEW INDUSTRIAL
OIL EXPORTERS
KEY COUNTRIES
BRAZIL
SAUDI ARABIA
MALAYSIA
INDONESIA
SINGAPORE
SOCIALIST
VENEZUELA
VIETNAM (NRT)
CHINA (PRC)
S.KOREA (DPRK)
TYPOLOGY OF COUNTRIES BY GOVERNMENT
State-territorial
Form of government
device
UNITARY
FEDERAL
MONARCHY
REPUBLIC
30 states
States in which
States that have
supreme legislative
self-government
liberated territories.
power belongs
parliament, and the executive
(21 states in the world)
body - to the government
constitutional
(Japan, UK)
Absolute
(UAE, Kuwait)
Theocratic
(Vatican, Brunei, Saudi
Russia (rep., territories, region)
India (states)
Germany (Lands)
USA (states)
Canada (provinces)
SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC
Using the textbook (Topic 1, §3), give
definitions of concepts:
unitary state -
A constitutional monarchy -
Absolute monarchy -
Theocratic monarchy -
China (PRC)
Sev. Korea (DPRK)
Gibraltar
(Great Britain)
Task 1. (write in a notebook)
Based on the political map of the world in the atlas and the "visiting card" of the countries on the flyleaf of the textbook, write it out in a notebook.
- 7 largest countries in terms of the area of countries in the world, 5 microstates.
- 10 countries with a population of more than 100 million people.
- 5 peninsular, 5 island, 5 archipelago countries.
- 10 land countries.
Task 2.
Find these countries on the political map.
- Asia: Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Yemen.
- Africa: Chad, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique.
- Latin America: Haiti.
Task 3.
- Read the text on p. 13, item 5 "Countries with economies in transition".
- Which countries belong to this group?
- These are post-socialist countries. Many of them can be attributed to developed countries, for example: Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, etc. A special place in this group is occupied by Russia, Ukraine, China, which is developing at a very high pace, has overtaken the developed countries of the world in many economic indicators. .
Indicate countries that are not in the modern world
- Japan;
- Czechoslovakia;
- Sweden;
- Indonesia;
- Yugoslavia;
- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth;
- Byzantium
- Kenya
Homework
1. Topic number 1, paragraph 1.
2. Mark on the j) map the countries recorded in the lesson in a notebook or indicated in the textbook. (At least 30 countries).
3. Know the terms: sovereign countries, GDP, NIS, key countries, "Asian dragons".
4. Make a crossword "Countries of the world" (optional).
- Textbooks, tutorials:
- Domogatskikh, E. M., Alekseevsky, N. I. Geography: Economic and social geography of the world: in 2 hours - Part 2. : Regional characteristics of the world: a textbook for grades 10-11 of educational institutions. - M .: LLC "TID "Russian Word - RS", 2010. - 232 p.
- Maksakovskiy, V.P. Economic and social geography of the world: textbook. for grade 10 educational institutions. - M. : Enlightenment, 2008. - 398 p.
- Fromberg, A. E. Economic and social geography for schoolchildren and entrants reference book. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2011. - 413 p.
- Kholina, V. N. Geography. profile level. Grade 10: textbook for educational institutions: in 2 books. Book 1. - M. : Bustard, 2008. - 319 p.
- Internet resources:
- History of the Cold War. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.coldwar.ru/, free. - Zagl. from the screen.
- Unrecognized and partially recognized states. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Ranko Elena Alekseevna
primary school teacher
MAOU lyceum №21
Ivanovo
Site: http://elenaranko.ucoz.ru/
The concept of "political map", the state borders of the countries of the world, the main stages in the formation of the modern political map of the world, groupings of countries, the typology of countries, the political system of the countries of the world, forms of government and forms of administrative-territorial structure are considered.
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teacher: Elena Anatolyevna Golovina Modern political map of the world
teacher: Golovina E.A. The purpose of the lesson: To consider the features of various historical eras and stages of the formation of the modern political map of the world, its quantitative and qualitative shifts; To study the typology of countries based on qualitative features that take into account the level of socio-economic development of countries.
teacher: Golovina E.A. The concept of "political map" has a dual meaning in the system of geographical sciences: A political map is a geographical map of the globe or its parts, which reflects the territorial and political division. A political map is a collection of information on the political geography of the globe or a large region: location, borders, capitals of states, forms of government, administrative-territorial structure, interstate relations.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Modern political map of the world
teacher: Golovina E.A. State borders
teacher: Golovina E.A. Formation of the modern political map of the world Changes on the map took place for many centuries. The process of forming a modern political map of the world is very long, starting from the era of the social division of labor, the emergence of private property and the division of society into classes. There are 5 major stages in the formation of the political map of the world: ancient (ancient), feudal (medieval), colonial (new), post-colonial (recent) and modern.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Stages of formation: antique (ancient)
teacher: Golovina E.A. Feudal (medieval) stage of map formation
teacher: Golovina E.A. The colonial (new) stage in the formation of the modern political map: From the 16th century until the end of the First World War, it corresponds to an entire era of the birth, rise and establishment of capitalism, the formation of a colonial empire. So, in 1876, only 10% of the territory of Africa belonged to Western European countries, while in 1900 - already 90%.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Colonial stage
teacher: Golovina E.A. Post-colonial (modern) stage
teacher: Golovina E.A. Two stages can be distinguished here: the newest and the modern. The newest (the first half of the 20th century) is characterized by the formation of socialist countries and the collapse of the colonial system. Modern - the emergence of the world socialist system, the formation of independent states in Asia and Africa, the collapse of the socialist system and new changes on the world map. Post-colonial stage:
teacher: Golovina E.A.
teacher: Golovina E.A. There are about 230 countries and territories on the modern political map of the world today.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Conflicts on the modern world map
teacher: Golovina E.A. Signs of conflict are manifested in the clash of forces, sides, interests. The object of the conflict can be either a fragment of material, socio-political or spiritual reality, or the territory, its subsoil, social status, distribution of power, language and cultural values. Analyzing the spatial arrangement of the centers of the largest conflicts, one can identify a certain pattern in their location. Most of the centers gravitate towards an arc passing from the British Isles through Central Europe, the Balkans, the Caucasus to Indochina.
teacher: Golovina E.A.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Groupings of countries of the world According to the size of the territory; By population; By geographic location.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Grouping of the countries of the world according to the size of the territory: Large (giant countries). There are only 7 such countries. Their area is more than 3 million square kilometers: Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, Australia, India; "large" countries are the countries of Europe. Their area is more than 500 thousand square kilometers (France, Spain). The area is more than 1 million sq. km. countries: Sudan, Algeria, Libya; Microstates - European countries - Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican, Singapore and other island states.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Grouping of countries by population: Giant countries (over 100 million people) - China, India, USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Russia, ... Medium countries; Small countries, microstates with a population of 10-30 thousand people or less.
teacher: Golovina E.A. By geographical location: With a seaside position; Peninsular; Island; 42 countries are landlocked.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Typology of the countries of the world and its features The typology of countries is based on important qualitative features that determine the country's place on the political and economic map of the world (GP, GWP, EGP). The main feature is the level of socio-economic development of a particular state, expressed through the gross domestic product (GDP) and a new synthetic indicator (HDI) - the human development index. ______________________________ GDP is an indicator that characterizes the value of all final products produced in the territory of a given country for 1 year in US dollars. HDI is an indicator of the level of socio-economic development of the countries of the world, the so-called human development index.
teacher: Golovina E.A. The typology of the countries of the world is based on the division into economically developed and developing countries. In addition, there are also countries with economies in transition.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Economically developed countries of the world The first subgroup is the "big seven" of Western countries - the USA, Japan, Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Canada. Russia has recently joined them; The second subgroup is the smaller countries of Western Europe. GDP as in the first subgroup. The third subgroup is formed by the countries of resettlement capitalism (the dominions of Great Britain) - Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Israel.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Developing countries Key countries - India, Brazil, Mexico. They have great natural, human and economic potential. GDP=350$. Latin American countries - Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, etc., as well as countries in Asia and North Africa. GDP exceeds $1,000. Newly industrialized countries (NIEs) - the "Asian tigers" of the first wave - the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong. The oil-exporting countries of the Persian Gulf are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran, and Libya. Most of the "classically" developing countries are most of Africa, Asia and Latin America. 40 countries - the "fourth world" - the least developed countries with GDP = $ 100-300 per year.
teacher: Golovina E.A. The state system of the countries of the world
teacher: Golovina E.A. Forms of government There are only 2 forms of government in the world: republican and monarchical. There are much more republics in the world - more than ¾ of all countries of the world. Examples of republics are France, Poland, India, China, Egypt, USA, Mexico, Argentina. There are only 30 monarchies. Most of them are in Europe and Asia.
teacher: Golovina E.A. A republic is a form of government in which the supreme legislative power belongs to the parliament, and the executive power to the government. Monarchy is a form of government in which power belongs to one person and is inherited.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Forms of administrative-territorial structure All countries of the world are divided into unitary and federal states. Unitary state - has a form of administrative-territorial structure, in which the country has a single legislative and executive power. The vast majority of such countries in the world (190) are Italy, Bulgaria, Algeria, Colombia, etc. A federal state has a form of administrative-territorial structure in which the country has separate territorial units (republics, provinces, states, etc.) that have their own legislative, executive and judicial authorities. In total, there are 21 federal states in the world - Germany, the USA, Russia, etc.
teacher: Golovina E.A. CONCLUSION The political map of the world is a kind of mirror of the era. It is in constant development.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Homework Write out in a notebook: 7 largest countries in the world; 10 countries with a population of over 100 million people; Examples of peninsular, island, archipelago and inland countries; Examples of developed and developing countries in different subgroups. Learn theory.
teacher: Golovina E.A. Thank you for your attention!
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