How often are angina attacks. Angina pectoris - symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Emergency care for angina pectoris. When is Nitroglycerin contraindicated during an angina attack?

Angina pectoris is characterized by a pain syndrome that occurs suddenly. The pain itself is somewhat constricting in nature - it is just hard for a person to breathe. Often, pain occurs without prior action for this - this is a form of angina pectoris during rest. Through the timely administration of any vasodilator drug, the pain goes away.

Typical anginal pain is a pressing and constricting pain syndrome. It can be painful or perceived as an acute syndrome, which indicates the intensity of the attack.

Often, the patient has a feeling of being in the chest of a foreign object. Sometimes there is numbness or, conversely, a burning sensation in the chest.
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Localization

The localization of pain in angina pectoris is the upper or middle part of the sternum, which is slightly displaced to the left in the region of the heart. In this case, pain can occur anywhere in the chest, which is explained by the peculiarities of the blood supply or innervation of the myocardium, as well as the localization of the lesion itself. A weak pain syndrome affects a small area, a strong one affects the entire chest.

Pain due to disturbances in the work of the heart and the formation of an attack of angina pectoris is determined by the movements of the patient himself.

Here are distinguished:

The patient puts his fist on the chest during the onset of pain. This is called the Levin sign.
You can also notice how patients during the period of pain put a hand or two hands on the chest, bringing them together with their palms. Here, a characteristic movement of the palm with closed fingers along the chest is noted downward and vice versa. This principle is called the wordless diagnosis of pain due to coronary insufficiency. Described gestures by V. Martin in 1957.

Irradiation

In most patients, pain irradiation with angina pectoris is noted in the left shoulder, scapula, and hand. Often, pain occurs along the ulnar nerve, which does not always characterize the onset of an attack of angina pectoris. It is better to pay attention to pain in the neck or lower jaw, as well as in the shoulder.

In especially rare cases, patients complain of pain in the abdomen and even in the lower back, which can also be triggered by an attack of angina pectoris.

As a rule, radiating pain differs from the main one. For example, the return of pain to the lower jaw can be perceived as pain during inflammation of the dental nerve. Forearm pain is characterized by numbness or weakness in the limb.

Patients also often complain of increased sensitivity of certain areas of the skin on the left hand and in the area of the organ. Soreness in the presented areas does not indicate the development of angina pectoris.

You can also use Euphyllin. The drug is effective for and. But this drug should be taken with caution as it lowers blood pressure, so be sure to rule out this fact before using it.

Differential diagnosis

Before providing assistance, the specialist listens carefully to the patient's complaints, and also asks him about the details - it is necessary to exclude heart diseases with similar symptoms. For example, cardiological neurosis has the same symptoms, but pain in most cases occurs outside the chest area - in the apex.

Cardiological neurosis does not appear paroxysmal, but protracted. The pain can bother the patient for several days. At the same time, the use of vasodilators does not give positive results. Often, a tincture of valerian or May lily of the valley helps here.

Pain in the chest area can signal a disease of the lungs or organs of the digestive tract that are nearby. Also, the formation of a hiatal hernia should be excluded.

There are many reasons for the appearance of angina pectoris. The main symptom of the manifestation of "angina pectoris" is considered to be squeezing pain that spreads to the chest. In this case, the following is observed - the heart ensures the supply of fresh blood to all tissues and cells of the body, while it itself does not work well due to a lack of oxygen.

Many patients feel pain on the left side, radiating under the scapula or in the arm, shoulder, sometimes even in the jaw. But in addition to the pain syndrome, the symptoms of this ailment can manifest itself due to the vegetative-vascular reaction of the body.

The most typical symptoms of angina pectoris

Symptoms of an angina pectoris attack include darkening of the eyes, shortness of breath, and cardiac arrhythmias. An incomprehensible weakness against the general background of active physical health or a sudden fear of death - all this indicates angina pectoris.

Sometimes people with angina pectoris complain of sudden sweating, which is not related to the temperature of the surrounding space. A person can be sweaty for no reason, although he is dressed very lightly. Dyspnea attacks are observed, accompanied by a sharp lack of oxygen.

During attacks of "angina pectoris", the symptoms of the disease are sharp, not causing any controversy. The patient begins to grab onto the left side of the chest, trying to calm his heart. The face of the sufferer may turn pale from lack of air and the release of a portion of adrenaline.

Individual signs of the onset of an angina attack

Sometimes the only symptom of the manifestation of this disease is the usual heartburn or a disorder of the entire digestive system, manifested by loose stools. By the way, this condition is most common in the elderly. That is why it is important to do an electrocardiogram for disorders of the digestive tract and the symptoms described above.

In addition, there are more characteristic signs of the presence of this ailment, which make it possible to suspect such a pathology, when the pain is characterized by a paroxysmal character, often occurs during physical activity and decreases after taking a nitroglycerin tablet.

In addition, there are the following manifestations, for example, an attack is accompanied by some changes in blood pressure, a feeling of interruptions in the heart and pallor. A person who has felt at least some of the listed symptoms should not postpone a visit to the doctor.

Angina pectoris is a pathological condition that occurs when a person's blood circulation in the coronary arteries is disturbed. Blood flow is impeded if atherosclerotic plaques form inside the heart vessels. With the development of a chronic patient, the patient begins to experience symptoms, the main of which is pain attacks. The process develops gradually. Pain with angina pectoris have pronounced signs - a compressive, squeezing character. In most cases, the intensity depends on the severity of the physical activity that precedes it.

Why does pain occur with angina pectoris, provoking factors

The characteristic pains during an attack of angina pectoris are not accidental. If the coronary blood flow is disturbed due to the appearance of cholesterol build-up inside the vessels, the narrowing of the inner space of the arteries and spasms in them, the human heart begins to experience oxygen starvation. A decrease in the incoming volume of oxygen causes the launch of dangerous processes in the tissues of the myocardium, which begin to destroy the heart cells:

violation of the oxidation process;
accumulation of toxic metabolic products.

The severity of pain in angina pectoris directly depends on the scale of the vessel overlap, the length of the sections of the vessels prone to stenosis.

Some diseases provoke insufficient oxygen supply to the myocardium and cause attacks of angina pectoris, coronary heart disease:

infectious diseases and their complications;
severe allergic reactions;
cholelithiasis;
rheumatism;
diaphragmatic hernia;
arterial hypertension;
diabetes;
blood pathologies in which the formation of blood clots is observed;
obesity.

The provoking factors for the appearance of pain in angina pectoris is a special lifestyle of a person, in cases where he regularly allows himself:

unhealthy diet, that is, the predominance of foods high in cholesterol, salt, preservatives in the diet;
addiction to bad habits - smoking and regular alcohol consumption;
lack of physical activity;
long-term, non-coordinated with specialists treatment with drugs (for example, taking hormonal contraceptives).

Hereditary predisposition, reaching the age of over 40, exposure to stress increase the risk of angina pectoris.

What is the nature of pain in angina pectoris, its localization

Pain with angina pectoris has special characteristic features. The patient, when describing his condition, usually pays attention to the following features:

the sudden nature of the onset of pain attacks that accompany physical or emotional stress;
sudden difficulty breathing;
pain is described as constricting, constricting;
there is a feeling that there is a foreign object in the chest that puts pressure on the heart;
signs of tissue numbness are felt in the chest area;
the appearance of a burning pain.

Heart pain with angina pectoris usually has a specific localization. The middle, upper part of the sternum - the patient points to these places in most cases. But symptoms can appear in any part of the chest; with severe attacks, pain is felt in large areas of the body - arms, neck, abdomen, back.

Chest pain with angina pectoris has a distinctive feature - it can occur in other parts of the body. This phenomenon has a name - irradiation. Sensations on the left side of the body are characteristic:

shoulder;
lower jaw (sometimes toothache is observed);
shoulder;
scapula;
arm (usually the elbow, sometimes the hand);
rarely belly or lower back.

To determine that the patient has begun an attack of pain with angina pectoris, some characteristic gestures help:

a person puts a fist to his chest and holds it for some time - this movement accompanies the onset of pain;
placing a palm (or two folded, crossing fingers) to the site of painful sensations, then the hands make stroking movements up or down.

The attack is often progressive. With it, a person experiences panic, which increases the feeling of fear of death. It is accompanied by intense anxiety, which aggravates the symptoms:

the patient loses the ability to move;
sweat breaks through him, often cold;
the heart rate becomes more frequent;
dry mouth is observed;
dizziness;
a sharp change in blood pressure.

When angina pectoris develops, chest pain and other manifestations in most people persist from a few seconds to 15-20 minutes (in difficult cases, symptoms persist up to 45 minutes). The seizure stops immediately after taking a calm position or as a result of taking medications.

Diagnostics

Severe symptoms allow to suspect the development of angina pectoris in a patient. When interviewing a patient, the doctor pays attention to the features of pain manifestations, evaluates them:

prerequisites for the emergence;
character;
localization places and irradiation;
the duration of the onset of symptoms;
factors contributing to the termination of the attack.

To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor is obliged to exclude the possible development of pathologies that have similar occurrences. For this, the patient can get a referral for consultation with doctors of narrow specialization (according to indications). Additional instrumental and laboratory studies are prescribed:

blood tests for biochemistry and general;
electrocardiogram (ideally, the difference in indicators obtained in a patient in a calm state and during an attack of angina pectoris is assessed);
daily ECG monitoring;
echocardiogram;
velgoergometry;
stress tests;
ultrasound examination of the heart and blood vessels;

Emergency help

When a patient has signs of angina pectoris, pain relief is very important. In the event of an attack, it is recommended to immediately call an ambulance. Doctors not only carry out emergency therapy, but also assess the patient's condition. Prolonged, severe pain with angina pectoris can be a sign that requires emergency hospitalization in the intensive care unit of a cardiological profile.

How to relieve pain with angina pectoris at home or before the arrival of the ambulance, the patient should know even before the onset of the attack. To relieve the symptoms of the disease, nitroglycerin is suitable. This available drug should always be in the medicine cabinet, even if family members have not previously experienced cardiac dysfunction.

One nitroglycerin tablet is placed under the patient's tongue until it is completely absorbed. In most cases, painful appearances are alleviated, and then completely disappear a few minutes after taking the drug. For some patients, one tablet is not enough. In such situations, it is allowed to re-take nitroglycerin.

The medicine has not only a healing effect, but also side effects. After emergency treatment, the patient may complain of a headache and a feeling of fullness in the upper body. To get rid of the side effects, you should take half a tablet of validol.

If self-treatment has not yielded results, and the characteristic pain behind the sternum persists, it is imperative to seek qualified medical help. Calling an ambulance in many cases is not only a condition for maintaining the health, but also the life of the patient.

Pain management for angina pectoris

The resulting pain in angina pectoris requires attention and quality treatment. When the disease progresses, the patient increases the risk of myocardial infarction, which leads to disability, and in 15% - to death.

The main approach to the treatment of angina pectoris is to maintain the patient's blood pressure within the limits that do not go beyond the borderline values - 140/90 mm Hg, anti-ischemic therapy. In the absence of contraindications, the patient is prescribed drug treatment:

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (Captopril, Lisinopril);
beta-blockers (Sotalol, Carvedilol, Praktolol);
statins (Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Atorvastatin);
antiplatelet drugs (Aspirin, Ticlopidine);
calcium antagonists (Verapamil, Diltiazem, Cinnarizine);
nitrates (Nitroglycerin).

If the lumen of the coronary arteries is significantly narrowed, the patient is prescribed minimally invasive surgery - coronary (balloon) angioplasty. The operation can be performed in the traditional way - the patient is carried out.

Prophylaxis

Medical and surgical treatment of angina pectoris will not have a pronounced result if the patient does not perform preventive measures, which include:

constant monitoring and recording of blood pressure indicators;
weight control, obesity prevention;
switching to a healthy diet;
quitting smoking, drinking alcohol;
sufficient physical activity.

The occurrence of pain in the region of the heart cannot be ignored. Pain manifestations characteristic of angina pectoris require diagnosis, since they may indicate the development of insufficiency of the coronary arteries, and therefore, pathological processes in the tissues of the cardiac myocardium. Timely diagnosis and treatment is a prerequisite for preserving the patient's quality of life.

Angina pectoris is a phenomenon that occurs during ischemia of the heart as a result of atherosclerotic disease. Basically, this is one of the. Cholesterol plaques clog the blood vessels that feed the heart muscle, which causes pain in the heart.

The more the vascular lumens are narrowed, the more often angina attacks occur. With narrowing of the arteries by 75% or more, this condition can occur several times a day.

Most often, people over the age of 45 are affected. The attack manifests itself as a sudden sharp pain in the chest area.

Attacks of angina pectoris can also appear with thickening of the heart muscle, severe anemia, or a violation of the heart valve.

The main symptom of an attack of angina pectoris is a sudden pain syndrome behind the sternum, and this condition is described in different ways by people. Some complain about the appearance burning and aching pains with a return to the left arm.

Others feel bursting pains radiating under the scapula or in the stomach, neck, throat. The attack usually lasts no more than 15 minutes and passes by itself or after taking nitroglycerin... If this condition persists, it may mean that an acute myocardial infarction has occurred.

Most often, angina pectoris manifests itself when:

walking fast;
climbing stairs;
excitement;
going out into the cold;

The worst exacerbation of angina pectoris occurs with physical activity immediately after a heavy meal.

Angina pectoris can also manifest itself at rest, for example, during night sleep. This happens as a result of spasms of the coronary vessels passing over the surface of the heart. This form of angina is called resting angina and is considered a more severe manifestation of the disease.

Similar pain can also occur with neuroses, chondrosis of the upper spine, heart defects, diseases of the lungs or gastrointestinal tract, with myocardial infarction.

During seizures, there may be nonspecific symptoms angina pectoris: nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, excessive sweating, dizziness, panic.

Severe sudden pain in the region of the heart may appear in young men in the early morning or at night... Spasm of the vessels supplying the heart muscle does not always occur as a result of atherosclerosis. Such angina is called vasospastic or Prinzmetal angina.

Women are less likely to experience shortness of breath or pain that radiates to the arm during attacks... More often they have sensations in the form of pulsation or tingling, nausea, pain in the abdomen. The most common complaints in men are sharp pains in the heart with a return under the scapula or in the arm.

First aid: what to do, what medications to take

We will tell you in detail about the algorithm of actions for providing emergency first aid for angina pectoris.

If the attack occurs during physical activity, it is important to stop, if possible, lie down or sit down... Rest often helps relieve symptoms. At the first sign of angina, it is best to take nitroglycerin, which helps quickly enough.

If the pain symptom does not go away within two minutes, taking the drug must be repeated. If there is no result, it is necessary to call medical attention, as myocardial infarction is possible.

If you have headaches, you can drink analgesic... If the pulse is very high and reaches 110 beats per minute or more, you need to take anaprillin.

It is important to know that you cannot take nitroglycerin with reduced pressure. You can use aspirin and be sure to call for medical help. After heart pain has been relieved, anxiety and physical activity should be avoided.

If the attack occurred at rest, the patient should sit so that his legs are down... You need to loosen the collar, open the window and use nitroglycerin. most often, medical attention is required.

You should definitely seek medical help if:

an exacerbation occurred within two months from the onset of myocardial infarction;
symptoms are accompanied by vomiting;
pain does not go away after nitroglycerin within 15 minutes;
there was a blue discoloration of the skin;
loss of consciousness has occurred;
blood pressure has increased or decreased significantly;
each next attack for a month is more and more difficult, and the effectiveness of nitroglycerin decreases.

With the usual course of an attack and long-term ischemic heart disease, if all the measures taken are effective, there is no need to call emergency help and emergency hospitalization.

Medical treatment

The main task of ambulance doctors is to recognize an attack, eliminate a threat to life, identify the development of myocardial infarction, and provide medication.

First and foremost a doctor listens to complaints and diagnoses pain symptoms, conducts blood pressure monitoring, ECG. If the patient does not tolerate nitroglycerin, then the Valsalva test, massage of the carotid sinus zone is performed. The patient is also given Corvalol 30 drops.

If there is no result heparin is injected, oxygen therapy, neuroleptoanalgesia are carried out, the patient is given ½ aspirin tablet to chew.

If respiratory depression is observed, naloxone solution... As a sedative used seduxen... When extrasystoles are detected, lidocaine is slowly injected.

After the emergency measures have been taken, the patient is taken to the hospital.

What is undesirable to do with this problem

Some people, just feeling pain behind the sternum, immediately call for emergency help. In such cases it's better not to rush, but try to help yourself on your own... Quite often, providing peace of mind is sufficient to relieve an attack.

If after a couple of minutes the pain has not gone away, you need take nitroglycerin under the tongue... If there is no effect, another pill should be taken after 5 minutes. If pain persists after these measures, medical attention should be sought.

Some, on the contrary, neglect medical help and are waiting for the self-care of heart pains, refusing even medication. Such an attitude is fraught with deterioration of the condition and the appearance of a threat to life.

Learn more about the disease from Malysheva's video:

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Prophylaxis

To prevent angina pectoris, it is important to adhere to the basic rules and, first of all, correct lifestyle... To do this, you should give up alcohol and smoking. In the diet, you should avoid foods high in cholesterol. Weight control is also necessary.

In the presence of hypertension, high blood pressure should be avoided.

An important point is minimizing stress and anxiety... If you have had seizures before, you need to carry nitroglycerin with you and know the rules for its use. After consulting a doctor, you can conduct courses of aspirin-containing drugs.

Angina is a common heart disease that, as it progresses, leads to chronic heart failure and myocardial infarction. Angina pectoris is often considered a symptom of damage to the coronary arteries of the heart - it is sudden pressing pain behind the sternum that occurs against the background of physical exertion or a stressful situation.

Probably, many have heard the expression "angina pectoris strangles." However, not everyone knows that the causes of such chest discomfort lie in heart disease. Any discomfort accompanied by pain in the chest region is the first sign of a disease such as angina pectoris. All the fault is the lack of blood supply in the heart muscle, which is why a painful attack appears.

In this article, we will look at angina pectoris, symptoms, what to do and what not to do. In addition, we will tell you about the treatment, and effective ways to prevent the disease.

Causes

Why does angina pectoris occur, and what is it? Angina pectoris is a form of coronary heart disease characterized by severe pain in the sternal region. It is connected with the fact that normal blood supply is disrupted in a certain part of the heart. For the first time, such a state of the heart muscle was described by W. Geberden in 1768.

All causes of myocardial malnutrition associated with a decrease in the diameter of the coronary vessels, These include:

Atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels is the most common cause of myocardial ischemia, in which cholesterol is deposited on the walls of the arteries, leading to a narrowing of their lumen. In the future, it can be complicated by myocardial infarction (death of a part of the heart muscle, due to the complete closure of the artery by a thrombus).
- an increase in heart rate, which causes an increase in muscle oxygen and nutrient requirements, while the coronary vessels do not always cope with their adequate supply.
- an increase in systemic blood pressure in the vessels above normal causes a spasm (narrowing) of the coronary vessels.
Infectious pathology of the coronary arteries - endarteritis, in which the lumen of the vessels is narrowed due to their inflammation.

Among the predisposing causes of angina pectoris, senile age is called, which is associated with wear and tear of blood vessels, metabolic disorders, and tissue susceptibility to degenerative changes. In young people, angina pectoris develops in the presence of various diseases, both directly of the cardiovascular system and endocrine, nervous, metabolism.

Risk factors are overweight, smoking, unhealthy diet, congenital heart and vascular defects, hypertension, diabetes mellitus.

Classification

Depending on the reaction of the heart to provoking factors, several types of angina pectoris are distinguished:

Stable exertional angina- its symptoms are manifested in the form of pressing, boring pains or a feeling of heaviness behind the breastbone. Irradiation to the left shoulder or left arm is typical. Pain is caused by physical exertion, stress. Pain disappears spontaneously at the end of physical activity or after taking nitroglycerin.
Unstable angina (progressive angina)... A person can suddenly feel that he has become worse. And all this happens for no apparent reason. Doctors associate the development of this type of angina pectoris with the existence in the cardiac vessel of a crack located near the atherosclerotic plaque. This leads to the formation of blood clots inside the coronary vessels, which interfere with normal blood flow.
Spontaneous (variant) angina is rare, it is caused by spasm of the coronary arteries, which causes the myocardium to receive less blood and oxygen. It is manifested by severe pain behind the sternum, heart rhythm is disturbed. Spasm does not lead to a heart attack, quickly passes, causing prolonged oxygen starvation of the myocardium.

Angina symptoms

When angina pectoris occurs, the main symptom, as in most heart diseases, is pain. Most often, it appears during heavy physical exertion, but it can also develop against the background of emotional excitement, which happens somewhat less often.

The pain is localized behind the sternum, is pressing in nature, therefore angina pectoris has a second name - "angina pectoris". People describe the sensations in different ways: someone feels as if a brick in the chest, which prevents inhalation, someone complains of pressure in the area of the heart, someone tends to feel a burning sensation.

The pain rolls in attacks that last no more than 5 minutes on average. If the duration of an attack exceeds 20 minutes, this may already indicate the transition of an attack of angina pectoris to an acute myocardial infarction. As for the frequency of attacks, everything is individual here - the intervals between them sometimes take many months, and sometimes the attacks are repeated 60 or even 100 times per day. ...

Permanent companions of angina attacks are also the feeling of impending catastrophe, panic and fear of death. In addition to the above symptoms, angina pectoris may be indicated by such signs as shortness of breath and fatigue, even with light exertion.

Angina symptoms are similar to. It can be difficult to distinguish one disease from another. An attack of angina pectoris passes after a few minutes if the patient sits down to rest or takes nitroglycerin. And such simple remedies do not help from a heart attack. If chest pain and other symptoms persist longer than usual, call an ambulance immediately.

What to do in case of an angina attack - an emergency

If symptoms of angina pectoris occur, what should be done, what should not be done? Before the arrival of an ambulance with such an attack of angina pectoris, the following treatment at home is necessary:

In no case you can't give in to emotions and panic, as this can significantly aggravate the spasm. That is why it is necessary to calm down a sick person by all methods and not show your fear yourself.
Sit down the patient with lowered legs, do not allow him to get up. If an attack of angina pectoris is found indoors, you need to ensure a good flow of fresh air into the room - open windows or a door.
To give a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue in the indicated dose, which was previously prescribed by a cardiologist, if nitroglycerin is in aerosol form, then one dose is not inhaled. The concentration of nitroglycerin in the blood reaches a maximum after 4–5 minutes and begins to decrease after 15 minutes.
Why exactly under the tongue? Absorbed in the oral cavity, nitroglycerin does not enter the general bloodstream, but directly to the coronary vessels. They expand, the blood flow to the heart muscle increases several times, the symptoms of angina pectoris stop.
If the attack does not subside within 10-15 minutes even after repeated administration of nitroglycerin, you need to use analgesics, since a prolonged attack can be the first manifestation of acute myocardial infarction. Usually an attack of angina pectoris stops after 5, maximum 10 minutes.
Nitroglycerin should not be used more than 3 times, since a sharp drop in blood pressure can occur, which will entail serious consequences.
An ambulance should be called in the event that an attack of angina pectoris appears for the first time in life, and against the background of all the above actions, more than ten minutes does not pass.

In general, first aid in case of an attack of angina pectoris is reduced to taking medications that dilate the coronary vessels. These include chemical derivatives of nitrates, that is, nitroglycerin. The effect occurs within a few minutes.

Angina pectoris treatment

All methods of therapy for angina pectoris are aimed at achieving the following goals:

Prevention of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death;
Prevention of disease progression;
Reducing the number, duration and intensity of attacks.

The most important role in achieving the first goal is played by changing the patient's lifestyle... Improving the prognosis of the disease can be achieved by the following measures:

To give up smoking.
Moderate physical activity.
Diet and weight loss: Limiting salt and saturated fat intake and consuming fruits, vegetables and fish regularly.

Routine drug therapy for angina pectoris includes the use of antianginal (anti-ischemic) drugs that reduce the oxygen demand of the heart muscle: long-acting nitrates (erinit, sustak, nitrosorbide, nitrong, etc.), b-blockers (, trasicor, etc.), molsidomine (corvaton) , calcium channel blockers (nifedipine), etc.

In the treatment of angina pectoris, it is advisable to use anti-sclerotic drugs (group of statins - lovastatin, zokor), antioxidants (tocopherol, aevita), antiplatelet agents (aspirin). In the advanced stages of unstable angina pectoris, when the pain does not disappear for a long time, surgical methods of treating angina pectoris are used:

Coronary artery bypass grafting: when an additional cardiac vessel is made from its own vein, directly from the aorta. The absence of oxygen starvation completely relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris.
Stening of the vessels of the heart with angina pectoris, it allows you to create a certain diameter of the arteries, not subject to narrowing. The essence of the operation: a tube is inserted inside the heart arteries, which is not compressed.

The course of angina pectoris and the outcome of the disease

Angina pectoris is chronic. Seizures can be rare. The maximum duration of an angina attack is 20 minutes, and may result in myocardial infarction. In patients with long-term angina pectoris, cardiosclerosis develops, heart rhythm is disturbed, symptoms of heart failure appear.

Prophylaxis

For effective prevention of angina pectoris need to exclude risk factors:

Monitor your weight, trying to prevent obesity.
Forget about smoking and other bad habits forever.
Timely treat concomitant diseases that can become a prerequisite for the development of angina pectoris.
With a genetic predisposition to heart disease, devote more time to strengthening the heart muscle and increasing the elasticity of blood vessels, visiting the physiotherapy room and strictly following all the advice of the attending physician.
Lead an active lifestyle, because physical inactivity is one of the risk factors in the development of angina pectoris and other diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

As a secondary prophylaxis, with an already established diagnosis of angina pectoris, it is necessary to avoid anxiety and physical effort, prophylactically take nitroglycerin before exercise, prevent atherosclerosis, and treat concomitant pathologies.