Complex sentences may have not one, but several subordinate clauses.

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of two main types:

1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause;

2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.

I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clause. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause and among themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.

For example:

[I came to you with greetings, to tell you], (that the sun has risen), (that it fluttered with hot light across the sheets). (A. Fet.)

[That, (who lives real life), (who has been accustomed to poetry since childhood),forever believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)

[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her native place], (where she was born) And ( where the months of childhood were so memorable).

In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination, the second subordinate clause may lack a subordinating conjunction.

For example: ( If there is water) And ( there won't be a single fish in it), [I won't trust the water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Let's shudder], (if suddenly a bird flies up) or ( an elk will trumpet in the distance). (Yu. Drunina.)

2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With this subordination, subordinate clauses include:

a) to different words the main sentence or one part to the entire main sentence, and the other to one of its words;

b) to one word or to the entire main sentence, but answer different questions and are different types subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When in my hands A new book ), [I feel], (that something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)

(If we turn to the best examples of prose), [then we'll make sure], (that they are full of true poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)

[From the world (which is called children's), the door leads into space], (where they have lunch and tea) (Chekhov).

II. Complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree) etc.

For example: [ The young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back their tears.], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (although I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)

The specificity of subordinate parts is that each of them is subordinate in relation to the previous one and main in relation to the following one.

For example: Often in the fall I closely watched the falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when the leaf separates from the branch and begins to fall to the ground(Paustovsky).

With sequential subordination, one clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating conjunctions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.

For example: [ The water came down so scary], (What, (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).

There are also complex sentences with a combined type of subordination of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, it seemed, was looking closely, wanting to find out), (where will the guest go). (Gogol)

This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

A comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses not connected by coordinating conjunctions.

For example: I realized that I was lying in bed , that I'm sick , that I was only delirious.(Cupr.)

I envy those who spent their lives in battle , who defended a great idea.(EU)

We remember the great hour when the guns fell silent for the first time , when all the people met victory both in the cities and in every village.(Isak.)

Comma not placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a single connecting conjunction (regardless of whether there is a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word with both subordinate clauses or only with the first).

For example: I believe that nothing passes without a trace and that every smallest step we take matters for our present and future life.(Ch.)

The militia brought Prince Andrei to the forest where the trucks were parked and where there was a dressing station.(L.T.)

When the rain began to fall and everything around sparkled, we followed the path... came out of the forest.(M.P.).

When repeating coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between subordinate clauses.

For example: Everyone found out that the lady had arrived, and that Kapitonich let her in , and that she is now in the nursery...(L.T.).

Unions either... or when connecting predicative parts complex sentence are treated as repeating, and homogeneous subordinate clauses are separated by a comma, which is placed before or.

For example: Whether there were weddings in the city, or someone cheerfully celebrating name days, Pyotr Mikhailovich always talked about it with pleasure.(Writing).

In case of heterogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are separated or separated by commas.

For example: As soon as the heat passed, the forest began to get cold and dark so quickly that I didn’t want to stay in it.(T.)

Anyone who has not experienced the excitement of the barely audible breathing of a sleeping young woman will not understand what tenderness is. (Paust.).

With sequential and mixed subordination, a comma is placed between subordinate clauses according to the same rules as between the main and subordinate clauses.

For example: If only our wanderers could be under their own roof , if only they could know , what happened to Grisha.(Necr.)

Helen smiled with such a look , who spoke , that she did not allow the possibility , so that anyone can see her and not be admired.(L.T.)

Any , who in life fought for the happiness of being yourself , knows , that the strength and success of this struggle depend on confidence , with which the seeker goes to the goal(M.P.)

A comma is placed between two adjacent subordinating conjunctions or between a conjunctive word and a subordinating conjunction, as well as when a coordinating and subordinating conjunction meets, if the internal subordinate clause is not followed by the second part of the double conjunction this or that.

For example: The bear fell in love with Nikita so much that , When he went somewhere, the animal anxiously sniffed the air.(M.G.)

We were warned that , If If the weather is bad, the excursion will not take place.

The night is over and , When the sun rose, all nature came to life.

The removal of the second (internal) part here does not require the restructuring of the first subordinate part.

If the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of a complex conjunction then, so, then a comma is not placed between the preceding two conjunctions.

For example: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he stretched his hand out the window, dew would fall from the bushes.(Cor.)

I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not out-argue the old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage.(P.).

Removing or rearranging the subordinate clause (if he reaches out his hand through the window and if at this decisive moment I don’t argue with the old man) is impossible, since parts of the double conjunction something will be nearby.

Dash in a complex sentence

Between the subordinate part (group of subordinate clauses) and the subsequent main part of the sentence Maybeput a dash , if the subordinate clause or group of subordinate clauses preceding the main clause are pronounced with logical emphasis in an informative way important word and with a deep pause before the main part (usually subordinate explanatory parts are distinguished in this way, less often - conditional, concessive, etc.).

For example: Where did Nelidova go?- Natasha didn’t know(Paust.); And if you look at them for a long time– the rocks began to move and crumble(Ast.); Did he call them, did they come on their own?– Nejdanov never found out...(T.).

A dash is placed also between the subordinate and main parts in similarly constructed parallel complex sentences.

For example: He who is cheerful laughs, he who wants will achieve it, he who seeks will always find!(OK.).

A dash is placed after the subordinate clause standing before the main clause, if it contains the words this, here, and also if the subordinate clause is an incomplete sentence.

For example: That she is an honest person is clear to me.(T.)

What he found in her is his business.

Where is he now, what is he doing - these are the questions that I could not answer.

I answered something that - I don’t know myself(compare full - what did I answer).

A dash is placed between subordinate clauses in the absence of an adversative conjunction or the second part of a comparative conjunction between them.

For example: Artistry is so that every word is not only in place - so that it is necessary, inevitable and so that as much as possible less words (Black).

A dash is placed to clarify the nature of the subordinate clause.

For example: Only once did she perk up - when Mika told her that ditties were sung at yesterday's wedding.(R. Zernova)

A dash is placed to enhance the interrogative nature of the sentence while emphasizing the unusual location of the subordinate part before the main one or the intonation separation of the main part from the subsequent subordinate clause.

For example: What is influence?- You know?; Are you sure – is this necessary?

A dash is also placed when there are an abundance of commas, against which the dash acts as a more expressive sign.

For example: But we gained experience , and for the experience , as the saying goes , no matter how much you pay, you won’t overpay.

Comma and dash in a complex sentence

Comma And dash as a single punctuation mark, they are placed in a complex sentence before the main part, which is preceded by a number of homogeneous subordinate parts, if the breakdown of the complex sentence into two parts with a long pause before the main part is emphasized.

For example: Wherever I am, whatever I try to have fun with , – all my thoughts were occupied with the image of Olesya.(Cupr.)

Who is to blame and who is right? , - It’s not for us to judge.(Kr.)

The same sign is also placed before a word repeated in the same part of a sentence in order to connect with it a new sentence or the next part of the same sentence.

For example: I knew very well that it was my husband, not some new person unknown to me, but a good man , - my husband, whom I knew as myself.(L.T.)

And the idea that he can be guided by this interest, that in order to sell this forest he will seek reconciliation with his wife , – this thought offended him.(L.T.)

A dash is placed after the comma that closes the subordinate clause, including before the word this.

For example: The best he could do , - leave on time; The only thing I like here , - This is an old shady park.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.

4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a verb), characterize the means of communication (conjunctions or allied words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).

5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).

Sample analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1) [Look at the pale green sky strewn with stars,(on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot),and you will understand], (why summer warm air immovable), (Why nature on guard) (A. Chekhov).

[...noun, ( on which…), And verb], ( Why…), (Why…).

(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - explanatory clauses (depending on the verb you'll understand, answer the question What?, are joined by the conjunction word why)).

2) [Any Human knows], (what should he do?, (what separates him from people), otherwise), (what connects him to them) (L. Tolstoy).

[...verb], ( What…., (What…), otherwise), (What…).

(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with sequential and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - explanatory clause (depending on the verb knows, answers the question What?, joins by union What), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronominal clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun That, answers the question which (That)?, is added by a conjunctive word What).

Considers the structure of phrases and sentences. In this case, construction and punctuation usually cause particular difficulty. different types complex sentences, especially those with three or more predicative parts. Let's look at specific examples types of NGN with several subordinate clauses, ways of connecting the main and subordinate parts in them, rules for placing punctuation marks in them.

Complex sentence: definition

To clearly express a thought, we use various sentences characterized by the fact that they have two or more predicative parts. They can be equivalent in relation to each other or enter into a relationship of dependence. SPP is a sentence in which the subordinate part is subordinate to the main part and is joined to it using subordinating conjunctions and/or For example, “ [Styopka was very tired in the evening], (WHY?) (since he walked at least ten kilometers during the day)" Here and below the main part is indicated, and the dependent part is indicated by round parts. Accordingly, in SPPs with several subordinate clauses, at least three predicative parts are distinguished, two of which will be dependent: “ [The area, (WHAT?) (which we were now passing through), was well known to Andrei Petrovich], (WHY?) (since a good half of his childhood passed here)" It is important to correctly determine the sentences where commas should be placed.

SPP with several subordinate clauses

A table with examples will help you determine what types of complex sentences with three or more predicative parts are divided into.

Type of subordination of the subordinate part to the main part	Example
Sequential	The guys ran into the river, the water in which had already warmed up enough, because last days it was incredibly hot.
Parallel (non-uniform)	When the speaker finished speaking, silence reigned in the hall, as the audience was shocked by what they heard.
Homogeneous	Anton Pavlovich said that reinforcements would soon arrive and that we just needed to be patient a little.
With different types of subordination	Nastenka re-read the letter, which was trembling in her hands, for the second time, and thought that now she would have to quit her studies, that her hopes for new life didn't come true.

Let's figure out how to correctly determine the type of subordination in an IPP with several subordinate clauses. The examples above will help with this.

Consistent submission

In a sentence " [The guys ran into the river] 1, (the water in which had already warmed up enough) 2, (because it had been incredibly hot the last few days) 3“First, we select three parts. Then, using questions, we establish semantic relationships: [... X ], (in which... X), (because...). We see that the second part has become the main part for the third.

Let's give another example. " [There was a vase with wildflowers on the table], (which the guys had collected), (when they went on an excursion to the forest)" The scheme of this IPS is similar to the first: [... X ], (which... X), (when...).

At homogeneous subordination each subsequent part depends on the previous one. Such SPPs with several subordinate clauses - examples confirm this - resemble a chain, where each subsequent link is attached to the one located in front.

Parallel (heterogeneous) subordination

In this case, all subordinate clauses relate to the main clause (to the entire part or word in it), but answer different questions and differ in meaning. " (When the speaker finished speaking) 1, [silence reigned in the hall] 2, (as the audience was shocked by what they heard) 3 ". Let's analyze this SPP with several subordinate clauses. Its diagram will look like this: (when...), [... X], (since...). We see that the first subordinate clause (it comes before the main one) indicates time, and the second - the reason. Therefore, they will answer different questions. Second example: " [Vladimir definitely needed to find out today] 1, (at what time the train from Tyumen arrives) 2, (in order to meet his friend in time) 3" The first subordinate clause is explanatory, the second is goals.

Homogeneous Subordination

This is the case when it is appropriate to draw an analogy with another well-known syntactic construction. For the design of PPs with homogeneous members and such PPs with several subordinate clauses, the rules are the same. Indeed, in the sentence " [Anton Pavlovich talked about] 1, (that reinforcements will arrive soon) 2 and (that you just need to be patient a little) 3» subordinate clauses - 2nd and 3rd - refer to one word, answer the question “what?” and both are explanatory. In addition, they are connected to each other using the union And, which is not preceded by a comma. Let's imagine this in the diagram: [... X ], (what...) and (what...).

In SPPs with several subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination between subordinate clauses, any coordinating conjunctions are sometimes used - the rules of punctuation will be the same as when formatting homogeneous members - and the subordinating conjunction in the second part may be completely absent. For example, " [He stood at the window for a long time and watched] 1, (as cars drove up to the house one after another) 2 and (workers unloaded construction materials) 3».

NGN with several subordinate clauses with different types of subordination

Very often, a complex sentence contains four or more parts. In this case, they can communicate with each other in different ways. Let's look at the example given in the table: “ [Nastenka re-read the letter for the second time, (which was shaking in her hands) 2, and thought] 1, (that she would now have to quit her studies) 3, (that her hopes for a new life had not come true) 4" This is a sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) (P 1,2,3-4) and homogeneous (P 2,3,4) subordination: [... X, (which...),... X], (which...), (which... ). Or another option: " [Tatyana was silent all the way and just looked out the window] 1, (behind which small villages located close to each other flashed) 2, (where people were bustling about) 3 and (work was in full swing) 4)". This is a complex sentence with sequential (P 1,2,3 and P 1,2,4) and homogeneous (P 2,3,4) subordination: [... X ], (after which...), (where...) and (... ).

Punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions

To arrange in a complex sentence, it is usually enough to correctly determine the boundaries of the predicative parts. The difficulty, as a rule, is the punctuation of NGN with several subordinate clauses - examples of schemes: [... X ], (when, (which...),...) or [... X ], [... X ], (as (with whom...), then ...) - when two subordinating conjunctions (conjunctive words) appear nearby. This is characteristic of sequential submission. In such a case, you need to pay attention to the presence of the second part of the double conjunction in the sentence. For example, " [An open book remained on the sofa] 1, (which, (if there was time left) 3, Konstantin would certainly have read to the end) 2". Second option: " [I swear] 1, (that (when I return home from a trip) 3, I will definitely visit you and tell you about everything in detail) 2 ". When working with such SPPs with several subordinate clauses, the rules are as follows. If the second subordinate clause can be excluded from the sentence without compromising the meaning, a comma is placed between conjunctions (and/or allied words); if not, it is absent. Let's return to the first example: " [There was a book on the sofa] 1, (which I had to finish reading) 2". In the second case, if the second subordinate clause is excluded, the grammatical structure of the sentence will be disrupted by the word “that”.

Something to remember

A good assistant in mastering SPP with several subordinate clauses are exercises, the implementation of which will help consolidate the acquired knowledge. In this case, it is better to follow the algorithm.

Read the sentence carefully, identify the grammatical basics in it and indicate the boundaries of the predicative parts (simple sentences).
Highlight all means of communication, not forgetting about compound or adjacent conjunctions.
Establish semantic connections between parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask question(s) from it to the subordinate clause(s).
Construct a diagram, showing with arrows the dependence of the parts on each other, and place punctuation marks in it. Move commas into the written sentence.

Thus, care in the construction and analysis (including punctuation) of a complex sentence - NGN with several subordinate clauses specifically - and reliance on the above-listed features of this syntactic construction will ensure correct execution proposed tasks.

Lecture 75 Types of subordination of subordinate clauses

This lecture discusses the main types of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Types of subordinate clauses

This lecture discusses the main types of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Lecture outline

75.1. Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.3. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.1. Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses

In lectures 73 and 74 we talked about complex sentences and different types of subordinate clauses, but mostly we paid attention only to sentences with one subordinate clause. Much more often in texts there are sentences of three or more parts in which several subordinate clauses are used.

Depending on how these subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause, complex sentences (CSS) are divided into:

1) SPP with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses;

2) SPP with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses;

3) SPP with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses;

4) SPP with various types subordination of subordinate clauses.

Let's analyze the proposal:

We use arrows to show where exactly we are asking the question to the subordinate clause (from the end of the previous part, from the beginning or from the middle). In this sentence, we ask a question to both subordinate clauses from the end of the previous part.

Let's look at a few more sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

From this diagram it is clear that the second part breaks the first, since the question is asked from the middle of the main sentence.

I would like to draw attention to another type of complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. This case is quite complicated, so pay special attention to it.

[I thought] 1, (that later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship) 2, (if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the old man) 3.

Now try to draw diagrams of several sentences yourself. To do this, you need to drag various elements from the bottom field into the table.

1) She wrote to him that she decided to speed up her departure from Dresden, because her aunt’s health had completely improved.

2) Mechik could not believe that Levinson was really the way Chizh portrayed him.

3) She looked at him as one looks at a person in whom they saw something that they had long expected.

75.2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses

About homogeneous we say subordination of subordinate clauses if in a complex sentence all subordinate clauses

refer to the same word of the main part,
are of the same type,
are connected by a non-union or coordinating connection.

Let's look at a few examples.

In other cases, the homogeneous nature of the subordinate clauses may not be so obvious:

[She went with him, pleased] 1, (that she pleased him) 2 and (now she can stay on the shore and take a break from the babysitting of the bored Pavlik) 2.

Between homogeneous subordinate clauses there is a connecting conjunction, but in the second subordinate clause the conjunctive means (the conjunction THAT) is omitted, but it can easily be restored:

[For the medieval reader it is primarily important] (what the work is dedicated to) and (by whom it was created).

Now try to assemble complex sentences with uniform subordination of subordinate clauses from scattered simple sentences. Pay attention to the meaning of the sentence.

75.3. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

Parallel (non-uniform) subordination of subordinate clauses occurs in two cases:

if subordinate clauses are attached to one word of the main part, but are different in semantics;
subordinate clauses are the same in meaning, but refer to different words of the main part.

Let's look at both cases with examples.

(Since we never kept birds) 1, [then I realized] 2, (that this cage belongs to the new tenant) 3.

In this sentence, the main part is the second part, both subordinate clauses depend on the same word, but at the same time they are different in meaning: part 1 is a subordinate clause of reason, and part 3 is an explanatory clause. Let us now depict this proposal schematically.

Please note that the scheme is very similar to the scheme of a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses, but the questions asked are different.

Now consider a sentence with subordinate clauses that are identical in meaning, but refer to different words of the main part.

Both subordinate clauses in this sentence are explanatory, connected by the same conjunctions, but at the same time depend on different words.

Indicate the numbers of complex sentences with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. If the answer is incorrect, be sure to read the pop-up comment.

Date: 2010-05-22 10:47:52

Grechishnikova Marina Anatolyevna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU "Secondary School No. 2" urban settlement Urengoy

Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses. Types of subordination.

Preparation for the State Examination. Task B8.

Target – systematize students’ knowledge on the topic, improve skills in working with tests and texts in preparation for the State Examination

Lesson objectives:

Educational

improve the ability to distinguish between types of subordination in a complex sentence;
introduce the work of Yuri Afanasyev.

Developmental

develop syntactic skills;
develop skills in working with text;
develop skills in working with tests (tasks A1 – B9).

Educational

cultivate love for the native land, respect for the culture of the peoples of the North inhabiting Yamal;
to educate a thinking reader on the works of Yamal writers.

Lesson equipment:

computer;
interactive board;
textbook;
notebooks;
handouts (tests, texts).

During the classes

Language warm-up

Read the text - an excerpt from Yuri Afanasyev’s story “Two Spruce Trees” (print the texts for each student or project them onto the board).

1. Due to the storm, the tug was standing in a creek. 2. Time was rushing. 3. For almost a week, Eduk and Oksana traveled along the canals to the village on Kaldanka. 4. Almost a week - this is the time. 5. And in life for Eduk there was one moment. 6. During these days, he learned so much about the world that the most ancient old man could not have learned. 7. The world, it turns out, is very big and hectic. 8. Like animals in the taiga, all sorts of people inhabit it. 9. Everyone has a lot of worries. 10. But the most incredible thing for Eduk was to hear that there are lands where people all year round They walk around almost without clothes. 11. Just think, imagine yourself in the Arctic without clothes, even not in winter, even in summer (?!). 12. However, he could not help but believe Oksana. 13. Their relationship was so close, her eyes understood him so deeply that he was afraid of his bad thoughts. 14. “What? - thought Eduk. “Why not become related, be your own person in a warm, nourishing village?”

15. And then the village suddenly appeared from behind the melted cape. 16. The houses scattered along the ridge on the slope huddled together like chickens. 17. Among them, a church rose like a wood grouse, glowing reddishly with larch logs.18. And further beyond the village, spiky spruce trees stuck out like a comb. 19. A faint smell made me dizzy warm bread. 20. Eduk could distinguish this smell from a great distance. 21. You can’t confuse him with anything...

Find dialect words in the text and replace them with stylistically neutral synonyms.

Kaldanka (in project 3) – boat

Uval (in Project 16) – hill, slope

In paragraph 2, find comparisons. Write down the numbers of sentences with comparisons.

16 – like chickens

17 – capercaillie (instrumental case form)

18 – comb (instrumental case form)

Write down the number of the sentence with the introductory word.

Write down the grammatical basics from sentences 7, 12, 20

7 – the world is big, hectic

12 – he couldn’t help but believe

20 – Eduk could tell the difference

Determine the type of subordinating connection in the phrase “animals in the taiga” (sentence 8). Replace this phrase with a synonym with subordinating connection agreement.

Communication - management; taiga animals

Determine the type of subordinating connection in the phrase “restless world” (sentence 7). Replace this phrase with one synonymous with the subordinating connection, management.

Coordination; peace without peace

Write down the numbers of complex sentences.

6, 10, 13

Updating knowledge

Write sentence 10 from the text.

But the most incredible thing for Eduk was to hear that there are lands where people walk almost without clothes all year round.

Construct a diagram of this sentence: [ === ], (which === ____), (where ____ ===).

Determine the type of subordination (sequential).

What types of subordination in a complex sentence do you know? (Memo, Appendix 1).

Give examples.

Consolidation

Determine the type of subordination. Fill out the table (Appendix 2). Comment your answer orally. Print out worksheets with example sentences for each student. Graduates fill out only column 2.

Offer	Type of subordination
The most important hero in Khanty mythology is the bear who considered the ancestor	Sequential (main → attributive clause → corollary clause)
don't lead that only scrupulous work will allow him to come out	Homogeneous (main → subordinate explanatory, subordinate explanatory)
If you contact	Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate clauses → main → subordinate clause)
will have to overcomemany obstacles,	Parallel, or heterogeneous (clause of purpose → main → clause of attribute)
Task maintaining traditions complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking younglearn your native language, prefer	Sequential (main → explanatory clause → attributive clause)
the role appears in legends.	Sequential (main → explanatory clause → concession clause)
For the rights of the people who appeals to the poet who calls	Parallel, or heterogeneous (clause clause → main clause → clause clause). In this sentence, the subordinate clauses refer to different words in the main clause.
The writer often resorts to reception"turning to the past" to force	Homogeneous (main → subordinate clause, subordinate clause of the target).

Compress the text. From sentences 6-8 (excerpt from the story “Two Spruce Trees”), make up 1 complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

What is this method of text compression called? (Simplification is merging several sentences into one).

Among the sentences below, find the IPP with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses:

1. Without making out the road, he fled into the forest-tundra, ran towards the Urals. 2. Ran until exhausted. 3. He was afraid to stop. 4. He felt that if he stopped, he would be torn apart from the inside. 5. My heart can't stand it. 6. And he ran, ran off-road, throwing out bitterness and resentment.

Answer: 4

Using the text of the story “Two Spruce Trees” by Yu. Afanasyev, continue the sentences so that you get SPP with different types of subordination:

Sequential: I can’t say how old these spruce trees are..... (which grow on the banks of the Ob).

Homogeneous : What brought us closer together was loneliness or the anticipation of the morning, when the village would wake up with fishing sweat, the mooing of cows, the breath of fresh wind,…. (when the snipe sandpiper announces the beginning of the day with a wooden shamanic trill.

Parallel (non-uniform): When the headman smiles, it seems... (that he is ready to swallow you like a small fish).

Testing. Part B8. Presentation (it is better to conduct a lesson with a mobile computer class so that each graduate can work on the tests independently. If this is not possible, the assignments can be printed for each student).

1. Among sentences 1-6, find complex sentence with uniform subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Many did not go to explore the North and live in Yamal, but to earn money. (2) Isn’t that where it came from: I worked for 15 years, gave “all my strength” to the wild North - put me back in my place, give me everything. (3) They gave and kissed goodbye, and the “silent” ones were increasingly thrown into the darkness, as if they had been sentenced in advance: the locals could not be trained into cadres. (4) In the second and third generations, children of the dispossessed were not issued passports.

(5) “Yamal received the third blow with the beginning of oil and gas development. (6) Now the organizers themselves do not know why they built the cities, or what to do with the population.”

2. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) subordination. Write the number of this offer.

(1) With the closure of navigation, it is practically prohibited to set nets on the Ob. (2) But nets are installed every year, and it is impossible for a fish inspector with a pick to remove them all. (3) How many holes do you need to cut?! (4) To streamline recreational fishing, it is appropriate in some cases to apply licensed fishing based on the experience of Guryev residents. (5) This experience is justified in case of insignificant bycatch of valuable fish species, which does not in any way negatively affect the reproduction of fish stocks, and in the fall on smooth sands, when fishermen leave the latter, migrating to their winter quarters.

(6) It should be taken into account that northern fishing in the fall, in the wind, in icy water is not an easy pleasure.

3. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The profitability of licensed fishing is not only in the collection of funds, part of which should go to the development of fishing, but most importantly in the education of the person himself. (2) If you want to fish, work on cleaning up the living creatures, plant a few bushes to strengthen the banks of spawning rivers, and do your part to save the young fish. (3) Anyone who took the fish but did not give it back, who violated the rules of fishing, may be expelled from society or temporarily suspended from fishing. (4) It seems that amateur fishermen in their place of residence will more jealously monitor their area and will also provide assistance in the fight against malicious poaching. (5) The discovery of cases of the latter is still insignificant.

4. Among sentences 1-7, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Poachers. (2) Who are they? (3) Of course, people. (4) But these are people who deliberately go about causing damage to nature. (5) What about the rest who love their Ob, who for one reason or another end up as violators? (6) Doesn’t the very word “poacher” offend his ears? (7) So far, such a difference is not visible and only because not everything has been used in the organization of recreational fishing.

5. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) In the last days of the passing leap year, the stocky log houses in the village were pressed even more tightly to the ground due to the weight of the snow on the roofs. (2) The old office building, unable to withstand such a load, leans against the neighboring fence, but proudly and cockily a flag flutters on a spruce pole, all faded and planted there unknown when and by whom. (3) The flag glorified the still indestructible and mighty Union, when for the second year the political weather was completely different. (4) But the people of Yamalsk have not changed in any way morally and in their actions. (5) On the pediment of the office there still hung a peeling slogan, which called on the fishermen and fisherwomen to work hard and give one more percent above the plan, because the fate of the Motherland depended on this percentage.

6. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) “Now there will be a buzz!” - Styopka explained to his mentor, who perceived the children’s noise with migraine pain and was impatiently waiting for her duty to end. (2) Styopka didn’t know where she came from. (3) But how could he be interested in the fact that some go to the Far North to build, others to earn northern seniority for retirement, for a coefficient. (4) But the boarding school teacher was noticeable in the village for her unsociability, did not trust the cleanliness of the frogs and malitsa, and was wary of visiting the families of tundra dwellers. (5) It is not easy to gather reindeer herders and fishermen into a boarding school in Parent meeting, but coming to your home - chum - is revered. (6) And if the teacher began to speak in their native language, then he became no less than a ruma - a friend to whom, on occasion, you need to give a gift.

7. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The blizzard howled louder and angrier, but the voices in the tent, illuminated from the outside by several electric bulbs, were heard far away. (2) Before Chuprov had time to throw back the curtain, a man in a mask splashed a full ladle of ice water down his collar. (3) “What a joke,” Styopka gasped. (4) The owner liked the joke, and this trick added noise and fun to all the guests.

(5) How did he not foresee all the consequences? (6) After all, he should have known that he was invited and taken as a hostage to One-Eyed, that, if necessary and to please the owner, the procurer was taken to the village.

8. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) He had known the brood of wolves since last year, and now four one-year-old puppies also went through practice in a blizzard. (2) As they cut up all the weakened deer with a knife, their corpses turned black in the snow. (3) Here and there the wolverine tried: jumping from tree to tree, she gnawed at the throat, drank the blood, and threw the animal...

(4) Hunzi no longer thought about Zyryanov’s promises - if the deer were 100% safe, he would transfer thirty percent to him. (5) This whole market is not for him. (6) The only thing he thought about now was that no one could take away the snow, the sky, the air, the tundra where he walked.

9. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Hunzi went at the wolf unarmed, only with this shovel stick. (2) He had neither fear nor anger against the wolf. (3) What he dreamed disappeared. (4) Hunzi, peering at the trail, saw that he was trying to jump over the ravine, but was careful of a large snow drift, that he sat, turned around and again moved directly.

(5) Finally, Hunzi saw a wolf on the opposite bank of the Yugan River. (6) The floodplain was snow-covered two to three meters deep - you couldn’t cross that easily...

10. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The deer carries the shepherd further and further. (2) It’s not scary to travel with such a deer even unarmed. (3) How can a shepherd not rejoice at the deer, how can he not sing a song about them! (4) Narasyukh, tell us about the blue wind of kaslanya and about the deer-miniruv, the holy deer, which in its entire life does not know what a team is. (5) Tell me how the minyruv hung the sun on its horns and how on a quiet night the stars rang like bells in their ears on a quiet night...

Answers

Reflection. Summing up the lesson.

What new did you learn in the lesson?
How to find complex sentences with different types of subordination?
What is the difference between homogeneous subordination and parallel subordination?
What problems does Yu.N raise? Afanasyev in his works?
What lexical features can be noted in the texts used in the lesson? (Dialect words, abundance of means of expression, especially comparisons).
Have you noticed the syntactic features of the works of Yamal writers? ( Simple sentences, introductory words, inversion).

Differentiated homework assignment (optional).

Prepare a presentation of 20 slides on the topic “Preparation for the State Examination. B8" (Performance in groups is possible).
Develop a reminder for memorizing theoretical material on the topic.
Make a table to systematize knowledge on the topic and memorize theoretical material.
Solve several variants of tasks B8 from the collection for preparing for the State Examination.

Bibliography

Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Egoraeva G.T. GIA 2014. Russian language. 9th grade. 30 standard options test tasks and preparation for the implementation of part 3 (C) / Yu.N. Gosteva, I.P. Vasiliev, G.T. Egoraeva. – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2014.
Lvova S.I. GIA 2014. Russian language: training tasks: 9th grade / S.I. Lvova, T.I. Zamuraeva. – M.: Eksmo, 2013.
Nazarova T.N. GIA. Workshop on the Russian language: preparation for completing tasks of part B/ T.N. Nazarova, E.N. Violin. – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2014.
Russian language. 9th grade. Preparation for State Examination 2013: teaching aid/ Ed. ON THE. Senina. – Rostov n/a: Legion, 2012.
Khaustova D.A. Russian language. Preparation for the State Examination (writing a concise summary). Universal materials with methodological recommendations, solutions and answers / D.A. Khaustova. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2012.

Internet resources

Gubkin centralized library system.http://www.gublibrary.ru
Afanasyev Yu.N. Rhythms of the tundra. Once stepping on a rake. Two ate. Corporate information and library portal of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.http://libraries-yanao.ru

Annex 1.

REMINDER

TYPES OF SUBMISSION

A complex sentence can have two or more subordinate clauses. The relationships of such subordinate clauses with each other determine the type of subordination.

1. Parallel subordination

With parallel subordination, one main element includes different types of subordinate clauses that answer different questions:

Reason, (despite what?) even if it is oppressed and neglected, ultimately always prevails (why?), because it is impossible to live without it (A. France).

2. Homogeneous submission

With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are of the same type, answer the same question and refer to the same member of the main sentence or to the entire main sentence as a whole. Homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected with each other by a coordinating or non-conjunctive connection:

Yegorushka saw (what?), how little by little the sky darkened and darkness fell to the ground (what?), how the stars lit up one after another (A. Chekhov).

3. Consistent submission

With sequential subordination, the main clause is subject to a subordinate clause (clause of the first degree), which, in turn, is subject to the next subordinate clause (clause of the second degree), etc. (the parts form a chain). With this connection, each subordinate part becomes the main part in relation to the next one, but only one original main part remains: which considered the ancestor people, which is why the largest number of legends are dedicated to him.

Historical experience proves that all attempts “jumping” over some stages of culture does not lead to anything good don't lead that only scrupulous Job on restoration historical memory, “childhood and youth” of the people let him go out on the main road of world culture and come to a feeling of spiritual fullness of being.

If you contact To foreign literature, then with confidence we can say that the fairy-tale hero of R. Rugin has long been known already in the vastness of Europe from France to Russia.

To become masters of your own destiny , Khanty and other small peoples of Siberiawill have to overcomemany obstacles, which modernity has prepared for them.

Task maintaining traditions complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking young Khanty who don’t see the point learn your native language, prefer study English instead.

It is significant that the deer is playing less significant in Khanty mythology role than in the Nenets legends, although also appears in legends.

Roman Rugin is also a wrestler for the rights of the people, which appeals to the mind of his reader and states the facts, and the poet who calls to people's hearts and their emotions.

The writer often resorts to reception"turning to the past" to force Khanty readers look at their past, to move forward, build the future.

And everything connected with it is studied in the school Russian language course, and is also included in the examination paper.

Options for subordinating dependent parts (including sequential subordination of subordinate clauses) will be discussed below.

Complex sentence: types of subordinate clauses

A complex sentence is a sentence where there are two or more grammatical stems, one of which is the main one, the rest are dependent. For example, the fire went out(main part), when morning came(dependent part). Subordinate, or dependent, parts can be of different types, it all depends on the question that is asked from the main clause to the dependent one. Yes, when asked Which the dependent part is considered definitive: the forest (which one?) in which we walked has thinned out. If a question of circumstance is attached to the dependent part, then the subordinate part is defined as adverbial. Finally, if the question to the dependent part is one of the questions of indirect cases, then the subordinate clause is called explanatory.

Complex sentence: several subordinate clauses

Often in texts and exercises there are several subordinate clauses. At the same time, not only the subordinate clauses themselves can be different, but also the way they are subordinated to the main sentence or to each other.

Method of subordinating subordinate clauses

Name	Description	Example
Parallel subordination	The main clause includes dependent parts of different types.	When the ice broke, fishing began, which the men had been waiting for all winter.(Main sentence: fishing began. First adverbial clause: started (when?); second clause attribute: fishing (what kind?).
Homogeneous Subordination	The main clause includes dependent parts of the same type.	Everyone knows how BAM was built and how dearly the people paid for it.(Main sentence: everybody knows. It includes both subordinate explanatory clauses: how BAM was built And how dearly the people paid for it. Subordinate clauses are homogeneous, since they refer to a single word - it is known one question is asked to them: it is known that?)
Consistent submission	The main clause includes one subordinate clause, on which other subordinate clauses depend.	He guessed that they didn't like the movie they saw.(From main sentence he guessed one clause depends: that they didn't like the film. Another thing depends on the subordinate clause related to the main clause: which they watched.

Determining parallel, homogeneous, sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is a task that causes difficulties for students. When solving this question, you must first find the main sentence, and then, by asking questions from it, determine the nature of the subordination.

Subordination and sequential subordination

In complex sentences, in which there are several predicative stems, there may be subordination of subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate clauses that depend on a single main clause. Consecutive subordination is different from subordination. The fact is that in complex sentences with sequential subordination, not all subordinate clauses depend on the main clause, that is, there is no subordination in them.

It is not an easy task to determine the types of subordinate clauses, especially in sentences with sequential subordination. The question is how to find consistent subordination of subordinate clauses.

Read the proposal carefully.
Highlight grammatical basics.
Determine whether the sentence is complex. In other words, find out whether there is a main and dependent parts, or whether the parts of a complex sentence are equal.
Identify subordinate clauses that relate directly to the main clause.
The subordinate part, which is not related in meaning to the main sentence, will refer to another part, dependent on the main sentence. This is the sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

By following this algorithm, you can quickly find the sentence specified in the task.

The main thing is to know the answer to the question, sequential subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? This is a complex sentence, where a subordinate clause depends on the main clause, which is the main one for another subordinate clause.

Sentence structure with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses

The most interesting structurally is a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. A chain of interdependent clauses can be located both outside the main clause and inside it.

The day they spent in a sunny city where there are many historical monuments, remembered by them forever.

Here is the main offer they will remember the day forever encircles subordinate clauses connected to each other. The subordinate clause depends on the main clause which they spent in the sunny city. This subordinate clause is the main one for the subordinate clause where there are many historical monuments. Therefore, this is a sequential subordination of clauses. In another sentence He saw the owner scolding his cat for catching a chicken the main clause is located outside the subordinate clauses.

Examples of sequential subordination of subordinate clauses

Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses is used both in colloquial and written speech. Such sentences are found in works fiction. For example, A.S. Pushkin: Natalya Gavrilovna was famous at the assemblies for being the best dancer, which was... the reason for the misconduct of Korsakov, who came the next day to apologize to Gavrilo Afanasyevich; at L.N. Tolstoy: I remembered how once he thought that his husband had found out and was preparing for a duel... in which he intended to shoot into the air; from I.A Bunin: And when I looked up, it seemed to me again... that this silence was a mystery, part of what is beyond the knowable.