Why does the nose bleed: all possible reasons. What are the causes of bleeding from the vagina? Can blood flow

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Causes of spotting

Bloody issues from the vagina is the common name for a large group symptoms that occur in women in various situations and for various reasons. So, spotting can appear in different phases of the menstrual cycle, last for a different period of time, have a variant intensity, etc. Each condition is characterized by bloody vaginal discharge with strictly defined characteristics, which allow the doctor to distinguish one disease from another.

Consider the causes of the most common types of bleeding from the vagina in women.

Any spotting that appears between two regular periods, that is, in the middle, beginning or second half of the cycle, can be caused by the following possible causes:

Implantation bleeding at conception. When a fertilized egg implants in the wall of the uterus, a woman may experience a scanty spotting of spotting that lasts for several days. Such implantation bleeding develops even before the delay of menstruationwhen the woman still does not know for sure about the onset of pregnancy. Implantation bleeding is a normal variant;
Pathologies of pregnancy. Bloody discharge in a woman in early gestation may be a symptom of miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. In late pregnancy, spotting always indicates a serious pathology, for example, placental abruption, the threat of premature birth, etc.;
Ovulation bleeding in the middle of the menstrual cycle. Usually, ovulation bleeding is scanty, and spotting is spotting, and they occur strictly in the middle of the menstrual cycle (10 to 15 days after the start of the last menstruation). The duration of such ovulation bleeding ranges from several hours to two days. Women should remember that ovulatory bleeding is a variant of the norm and does not indicate the presence of any pathology;
Bloody discharge against the background of the first months of using hormonal contraceptives (pills, patches, rings, implants, prolonged injections, etc.) is a variant of the norm, since the woman's body "adjusts" to a new mode of functioning for it. The fact is that a hormonal contraceptive contains a strictly defined amount of hormones, which enters the bloodstream. And the woman's body has previously become accustomed to a different concentration of its own hormones, as a result of which it needs some time to rebuild. Therefore, during the first 2 to 4 months from the start of the use of hormonal contraceptives, a woman may experience irregular bleeding from the vagina. Such discharge is usually spotty and lasts up to several days. In the vast majority of cases, spotting stops a few months after the start of the use of hormonal contraceptives;
Missing one or more hormonal birth control pills. Due to the skipping of pills in the woman's body, the hormonal background is lost, which can provoke a short spotting. Usually, spotting on the background of skipping a contraceptive hormonal pill appears after a few days and lasts a very short period of time - from hours to 2 days;
The presence of an intrauterine device. Any spiral fits snugly to the mucous membrane of the internal cavity of the uterus, as a result of which the process of natural detachment of the endometrium may change. In a certain sense, the spiral prevents endometrial detachment, delaying or changing the nature of menstrual bleeding. In addition, ordinary metal or plastic coils irritate the walls of the uterus, causing it to contract intensely. It is these active contractions of the uterus that can provoke the appearance of bloody discharge from the vagina. Usually spotting occurs shortly after menstruation and continues for several days. In the presence of an ordinary spiral, such discharge of a bloody nature is a variant of the norm. If a woman uses a hormonal spiral with progesterone, then the mechanism for the development of spotting is somewhat different. So, progesterone, released from the spiral, makes the uterus thin and extremely susceptible to any injuries and injuries. As a result, after the installation of the hormonal coil for several months, a woman may have irregular bleeding from the vagina in the intermenstrual period. Over time, they decrease, and 6 to 12 months after the installation of the hormonal coil, even menstruation may stop in a woman. However, against the background of the hormonal spiral, this condition is a variant of the norm.

The above possible causes of bleeding from the vagina are physiological, that is, they are a response to various changes in the mechanism of functioning of the female body.

However, in addition to physiological, there are also pathological causes of bleeding from the vagina, when this symptom indicates any disease that a woman has.

Pathological causes of the appearance of long-term or frequently recurring bleeding (abundant or scanty) in the interval between two menstrual bleedings are the following diseases:

1. Gynecological diseases:

Polyps of the uterine cavity or cervix;
Different varieties of uterine fibroids;
Cancer of the female genital organs (uterus, cervix, vagina, or ovaries);
Chronic infections of the female genital area (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, etc.).

2. Hormonal imbalance:

elevated levels of prolactin in the blood;
low levels of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism);
increased levels of sex hormones in the blood.

3. Instability in the work and coordination of the mechanisms that regulate the onset of ovulation and the production of sex hormones by the ovaries. According to the old terminology, such spotting in women was called dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Most often they develop in girls under 20 years of age or in women over 45 years of age, since it is in these age categories that instability of the regulatory systems and mechanisms that control the menstrual cycle appears.

In addition to the above causes of bleeding from the vagina associated with the female genital area, there are a number of factors that can provoke this symptom. However, these factors are not related to the female genital area. So, non-gynecological causes of bleeding from the vagina are the following factors:
1. Pathology of the blood coagulation system;
2. Taking medicines that affect blood clotting (for example, Warfarin, Heparin, oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, antidepressants, etc.).

Since the causes of bleeding from the vagina are very variable, when they appear, you should consult a doctor and do not try to figure out the problem yourself.

Which doctor should I contact with bleeding?

If bloody discharge from the vagina appears in any quantity, any shade, combined with any other symptoms, you must contact gynecologist (make an appointment). If we are talking about a girl or a teenager, then you need to contact a pediatric gynecologist.

Although spotting from the vagina can be caused not only by gynecological diseases, but also by the pathology of blood clotting, however, despite this, you should always contact a gynecologist first. After all, gynecological diseases are much more likely to cause bleeding from the vagina than the pathology of the blood coagulation system. And if the gynecologist after the examination finds out that the cause of spotting is a pathology of the blood coagulation system, he will refer the woman to hematologist (make an appointment).

What tests can doctors prescribe for spotting?

Bloody discharge from the vagina can be triggered by relatively harmless and life-threatening diseases. Potentially safe diseases are those that cannot lead to death within a short period of time in the absence of qualified medical care. And diseases are considered dangerous, which, without medical assistance, can lead to the death of a woman literally within the next few hours or days.

Accordingly, with signs of dangerous diseases, a woman should immediately call an ambulance and be hospitalized in a hospital. And with relatively safe causes of bloody discharge from the vagina, you need to routinely visit a gynecologist and undergo all the necessary examinations and tests that the doctor will prescribe.

Distinctive signs of dangerous bloody discharge from the vagina are their increase over time, combination with severe pain in the lower abdomen or lower back, fever, a sharp deterioration in general well-being after the onset of discharge, blanching, lowering blood pressure, increased heart rate. With relatively safe spotting, a woman’s well-being never deteriorates sharply, quickly, suddenly and very strongly, so much so that she literally faints and is unable to move, perform conscious actions, etc.

Thus, it is obvious that we will consider what tests a doctor can prescribe for bleeding from the vagina in relation to relatively safe conditions only.

If a woman has a small amount of spotting exactly in the middle of the menstrual cycle, then the doctor does not prescribe any examinations and tests, since such a situation is considered ovulatory bleeding and belongs to the normal options. That is, a woman during the period of ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary) may experience scanty spotting from the vagina, which lasts from several hours to two days. Ovulatory spotting can be so scanty that it looks more like spotting.

If a woman has scanty spotting spotting in the second half of the cycle (between ovulation and the next menstruation), and unprotected intercourse took place in the same cycle, then the doctor, first of all, will prescribe blood test for hCG (sign up), and after 4-5 days and Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (make an appointment), since this situation is most reminiscent of implantation bleeding at the very beginning of pregnancywhen the fetal egg is attached to the wall of the uterus.

If a woman is pregnant, but the period is short (up to 12 weeks), then the appearance of spotting may indicate a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. In such a situation, the gynecologist prescribes, first of all, an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, which allows you to differentiate a uterine pregnancy from an ectopic one. If, according to the ultrasound results, the pregnancy is ectopic, the doctor may additionally perform a puncture through the posterior fornix of the vagina to confirm the diagnosis made by ultrasound. Further, if an ectopic pregnancy is detected, the woman is urgently prepared for surgery. If, according to the results of the ultrasound, it was possible to find out that the pregnancy is uterine, but unstable, since there is a miscarriage in the process, the doctor may additionally prescribe a general blood test, a general urine test, a coagulogram, blood test for progesterone (make an appointment) and hCG, as well as a number of tests for genital infections ( chlamydia (sign up), mycoplasmosis (sign up), gardnerellosis, gonorrhea (sign up), trichomoniasis, candidiasis, ureaplasmosis (sign up)).

If bloody discharge from the vagina appears in a woman in late pregnancy, the doctor urgently prescribes only a general blood test, Rh factor analysis (sign up) and blood type (sign up), and urgently begins treatment, since such symptoms, starting from the 20th week of pregnancy, always indicate the development of life-threatening diseases for the mother and fetus, such as placental abruption, premature birth, etc.

If a woman has a metal or plastic non-hormonal intrauterine device, and periodically, after the end of menstruation, for several days there is scanty bloody discharge from the vagina, then the doctor prescribes only an ultrasound and swab for flora (make an appointment) to play it safe, since such a condition is the norm for this type of contraceptive.

If a woman has bleeding from the vagina between periods, and at the same time there is a hormonal intrauterine device (for example, Mirena), then the doctor also prescribes only a smear for the flora and ultrasound, since this condition is a variant of the norm.

If a woman has slight bleeding or spotting, then, first of all, the doctor examines and assesses the condition of the cervix and vagina. If the cervix is damaged (for example, erosion is visible, any bleeding formation), the doctor must prescribe a smear on the flora, as well as colposcopy (make an appointment) and smear from the cervix for cytology (

In this article, you will learn: all the possible causes of nosebleeds in adults and children.

Article publication date: 04/08/2017

Article last updated: 07/29/2019

There are many causes of nosebleeds. It is important to determine the cause of bleeding in a particular person in order to prevent recurring episodes.

Comparative diagram of the prevalence of causes of nosebleeds (percentage)

In children, blood flows from the nose due to polyps or adenoids, age-related unformed vessels, the presence of a foreign body in the nasal passage, anemia, prolonged use of a vasoconstrictor spray, etc.

If blood flows from the nose repeatedly, this cannot be ignored. This may be a sign of a serious disease of the blood, internal organs, or a manifestation of oncology. First you need to try to understand for yourself why nosebleeds can come, is there a frequency, notice whether the bleeding is tied to a certain time of day or not, what intensity they are, how often they go, whether there are clots or scarlet liquid blood flows.

Then be sure to contact an otolaryngologist. All these observations will help him quickly understand why your nose is bleeding. Of course, additional testing is required. The list of diagnostic methods will be selected by the doctor, in accordance with the alleged cause. It is possible that after receiving the results of the studies, you will need a consultation or treatment with another specialist - a cardiologist, endocrinologist, surgeon, oncologist. In case of trauma to the face with damage to the nasal passages, the cause of bleeding is obvious, in this case, you should immediately contact a traumatologist.

Only by eliminating the provoking factor, you will get rid of bleeding.

Causes in adults

Two groups of causes of bleeding:

local (local) - affect only the nose;
systemic (general) - arise due to the internal effects of the body, for example, in various diseases.

Local factors provocateurs

Nose injury. Often occur during a fight due to blows to the face or in serious accidents.
Allergy. The walls of blood vessels rupture due to an allergic reaction and blood flow.
Dry hot indoor air. Often the cause of night bleeding is the drying of the mucous membrane due to the inhalation of too dry air currents with hot batteries in winter.
Nasal polyp or deformity of the nasal septum. This makes it difficult to breathe through the nose, due to which the load between the nostrils is not properly distributed. The polyp compresses the blood vessels, due to this, a red liquid often flows out of the nose, especially in the morning.
Mucosal atrophy. It develops in various inflammatory diseases, for example, chronic rhinitis. It may be the result of a hereditary disease or occupational hazard - dustiness of the room, dry air, work in the cold. Insufficient secretion of mucus, drying and thinning of the mucosa causes fragility of blood vessels, and as a result, nosebleeds.
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) may be accompanied by minor nosebleeds. Blood clots are visible along with mucus that appears with a runny nose.
Prolonged use of a hormonal or vasoconstrictor spray (drops).
Sunstroke is one of the main causes of nosebleeds in the hot summer. Often the general overheating of the body, which occurs due to prolonged exposure to the scorching rays of the sun, is accompanied by nosebleeds. The vessels of the mucosa become fragile and burst.
Inhaling cocaine. It has long been observed that drug addicts who use cocaine through the nose thin the mucous membrane, lose their sense of smell, and experience nosebleeds.

General pathologies of the body

Arterial hypertension is the most common cause of nosebleeds in adults, especially the elderly. This "natural bloodletting" reduces the risk of stroke. Usually, after it, the person's condition does not worsen, but improves. It develops against the background of tinnitus, cephalgia (headache) and other symptoms of a crisis. The blood vessels burst, unable to withstand the pressure, due to which the blood from the nose comes in a thin stream without clots.
Acute infections affecting the nasal mucosa. These are sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, rhinitis, SARS and others. Inflamed vessels are more fragile and burst more often, causing blood to flow through the nose. Similar changes in the vascular walls occur with allergic rhinitis.
Blood diseases or other pathologies accompanied by a violation of its coagulability. What causes nosebleeds in this case? For example, in hemophilia, a deficiency in plasma coagulation factors leads not only to nasal and other external heavy bleeding, but also to serious internal bleeding. Other pathologies include hemorrhagic diathesis, vasculitis, coagulopathy, hypo- and beriberi with a deficiency of vit. K, S.
Hormonal changes or disruptions during puberty, menopause, or pregnancy.
Taking medications that thin the blood. Heparin, warfarin, aspirin can cause nosebleeds.
Pheochromocytoma is a hormone-dependent tumor of the adrenal gland of a malignant or benign nature. Its main symptom is arterial hypertension with frequent crises, during which nosebleeds are not excluded. The stable form of the disease is characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure and, accordingly, frequent episodes of nosebleeds.
Malignant neoplasm in the nasal cavity. Various cancerous tumors lead to ulceration of the mucosa, impaired nasal breathing, and bleeding.
barometric pressure drop. This is faced by divers, climbers or pilots.

Why does the nose bleed - for other reasons:

Inhalation of chemical irritants.
Air travel.
Intense sneezing.

Causes in children

Why does the nose bleed in babies? There are many factors, as in adults. Very common:

Foreign body in the nasal passage.
Fall with broken nose.
Mechanical trauma with a mucous toy or finger.

The reason when the nose bleeds in children at night may be an increase in pressure or dry air in the room. If this is an isolated case, the blood is easy to stop, there are no other symptoms, then there is no cause for concern. If bleeding occurs repeatedly, stops poorly, the child complains of weakness, various pains, then you must definitely contact a pediatrician and be examined. In such cases, nosebleeds may be due to a serious illness, such as anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, or another disease associated with poor blood clotting.

When nosebleeds are single, and when are periodic

Single nosebleed

Injury to the mucosa with a foreign object, which is especially typical for young children.
Severe fatigue or stress.
Fever with acute respiratory infections or other infections.
Overheating of the body during a visit to the bath, sauna, long exposure to the sun.

If a child develops nosebleeds after using drops with a vasoconstrictive effect, it is worth stopping their use. The mucous membrane is so dry that the nasal capillaries burst.

Single bleeding without massive blood loss is usually not dangerous. But with repeated repetition of episodes, you should be wary and be sure to consult a specialist.

“Signal” bleeding deserves special attention. It starts suddenly, ends quickly, but the blood loss is significant, and the color of the blood can be unusual - dark, coagulated with flakes and large clots, or red foamy. This may indicate an aneurysm, rupture of a large vessel, decay of a malignant neoplasm, pulmonary, gastric bleeding, etc.

Causes of recurrent nosebleeds

If the blood flows systematically, accompanied by other symptoms - bleeding gums, bruising, fever, joint pain, you should be wary and be sure to consult first with an ENT doctor or therapist. You may have a systemic or malignant disease, such as anemia, pheochromocytoma, thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, etc.

Hypertensive patients prone to nosebleeds usually note that blood from the nose flows during a hypertensive crisis. After normalization of pressure, it stops.

If you can’t stop the child’s blood on your own, bruises are noted in different parts of the body, then you should immediately call an ambulance, and then undergo an examination to rule out hemophilia.

With the repetition of cases of nosebleeds, lasting longer than 20 minutes, existing concomitant symptoms, it is necessary to visit a specialist to determine and eliminate the cause of the pathological condition.

Sometimes women are faced with a situation where there is blood, but this is not menstruation, but most likely bleeding has begun. It is good if such symptoms once made themselves felt and no longer appear. It is much worse when this is repeated repeatedly, and in this case it is most important to find out the cause of the pathology. If the blood loss is small and has a pinkish color, then you should not worry too much, because in this way the individual characteristics of the body make themselves felt during ovulation or implantation. If the process of loss is abundant and resembles menstruation, then it is necessary to undergo an examination.

Every woman has her own specific cycle, according to which menstruation is subjected to periodic repetition. As a rule, it ranges from 21 to 35 days, and the actual menstruation should last from three days to a week, depending on the characteristics of the body. If these terms are violated and menstruation lasts more than seven days, or vice versa, they go one day, then most likely this is a symptom of a disease and necessitates a consultation with a gynecologist.

What to do if menstruation lasted 1 day and ended

Many reasons can influence the duration of menstruation, one of them is hereditary predisposition. In the event that the mother's menstruation was one day, then the likelihood increases that the daughter's cycle will repeat with the same deviations from the norm. Bleeding during menstruation should continue with varying intensity, on the first day it intensifies and may be accompanied, and by the end it becomes weaker and soon subsides. If menstruation goes on for a day, then most likely this is a sign of pathology and imperfection in the functioning of the reproductive organs.

Possible causes of a cycle disorder

Changes in the cycle, when menstruation ends as soon as it starts or bleeding occurs in the middle of the cycle, can be caused by the following reasons:

Cycle disorders can also occur due to causes affecting the central nervous system. Prolonged stressful situations, psychological trauma, or simply brain bruises can disrupt the stability of the reproductive system.

What is considered normal and what is pathology with changes in the cycle

A modern woman must carefully monitor the condition of her reproductive organs. Only following all the recommendations of experts can minimize the risk of serious problems in the female genital area. The possibility of any deviations can be suspected in time by the changes taking place in the general state of the body.

To do this, you must be able to understand well what deviations of menstruation are considered acceptable, namely:

Pathological situations also include meager periods or hypomenorrhea, which can only leave minor marks on the linen. This violation can be primary, when the cycle has not yet been finally established, and secondary, in which the woman's menstruation was normal, and then changes occurred in them.

There is blood of a dark color - what is it

By changing the color of the blood, one can judge the existing deviations in the body of a woman, and sometimes dark-colored blood is considered the absolute norm. Dark discharge can appear in young girls during the formation of the hormonal background, when it is not yet stable enough. The first menses may generally appear as brown spots and continue in such numbers throughout the year. But if brown blood continues to appear after this period, it is probably due to hormonal

problems.

Dark blood can appear in women during menopause, and this is normal. But in the event that brown blood appears, but not menstruation, it is most likely bleeding.

If such symptoms are accompanied by fever, pain in the lower back or abdomen, then one can suspect existing diseases in the form of endometritis or endometriosis, or the presence of inflammation of the appendages and the formation of tumors. Insufficient levels of female sex hormones can also cause changes in the color of the blood. A change in the color of menstrual flow with the appearance of dark brown blood can occur when taking oral contraceptives. These symptoms indicate that you need to choose another contraceptive drug.

Bleeding without pain

Blood discharge should normally occur only during menstruation. In the rest of the period, only minor leucorrhea is possible, which are produced under the guidance of hormones. Blood appearing in the middle of the cycle, but not menstruation, can be considered a pathology, even if they do not cause pain.

Such manifestations, as a rule, are considered evidence of any disorders or diseases:

Obviously, most of the diseases affecting the reproductive system do not show symptoms. As their signs, only existing bleeding outside the cycle or irregular periods can be taken.

Why does blood appear and the lower abdomen hurts

The female body, in theory, should work according to a given program, without failures and violations, but this does not always happen. Therefore, when blood appears, accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, it is necessary to find out the cause of the problem. Often, these symptoms are related to the natural processes occurring in a woman's body and are considered the norm.

Blood appears, but not menstruation during ovulation, when vascular damage occurs when the follicle ruptures. During this process, minor pain symptoms in the lower abdomen may be felt due to contraction of the uterus and tubes. Also, when the egg is implanted in the uterine mucosa, a certain amount of blood is released and pain is felt in the area of the uterus.

Blood and a headache - what is the reason for this

The appearance of a headache during menstruation is considered a fairly common occurrence. This is primarily evidence of disorders in the circulatory system, gastrointestinal tract, in the excretory system, or existing anemia. The pathologies that take place are difficult to detect at the beginning of their development, but the appearance of a headache during menstruation is considered the main symptom of the ongoing changes.

In this phase of the cycle, the head may hurt for the following reasons:

vascular diseases with loss of their elasticity;
hormonal changes;
violation of intestinal motility;
cervical osteochondrosis.

When it hurts to go to the toilet and it bleeds

Some women experience symptoms during bleeding, when there is blood, etc. The pain is so intense that it causes fear when you next try to empty the intestines. There are several reasons that can explain this condition, one of which is problems with the intestine itself. Violation of its activity can occur due to malnutrition, varicose veins or enterocolitis.

The hormonal changes that occur in this phase of the cycle are capable of serving as the cause that caused difficulties when blood flows and hurts. A large amount of oxytocin in the blood during this period causes a decrease in the activity of the muscular system of the uterus and intestines, as a result of which their muscles contract and lose activity.

The third reason can be considered endometriosis, when its development causes the location of endometrial tissue near the cervix or in the lining of the rectum. The changes that occur lead to heavy periods and the appearance of pain. Also, the appearance of blood and pain during bowel movements can be caused by the development of hemorrhoids or the formation of anal fissures. More serious consequences may be the appearance of such symptoms with ulcers or bowel cancer. The diagnosis can only be confirmed clinically.

What can be the diagnosis

The situation in which there is blood, but not menstruation is the reason, but, most likely, can be considered a pathology that has various causes.

Based on these reasons, it is possible to diagnose and identify pathologies that require an immediate visit to the doctor, namely:

an existing infectious disease obtained sexually;
pregnancy;
hormonal disorder.

A similar condition in which there is blood, and not menstruation, may occur due to age-related hormonal changes in preparation for menopause.

What to do in such cases

If there is bleeding, but there is no menstruation, which can happen during pregnancy, in the event of menopause, etc., then you must first visit a gynecologist. The appearance of blood before or after menstruation, as well as during ovulation, can be a direct indication of the development of diseases, but only a specialist can make a final diagnosis. The appearance of severe pain can be a symptom of internal bleeding, which is considered a rather dangerous condition and requires urgent hospitalization.

With the development of bleeding, in no case should you take any medications before the doctor arrives, as this can cause errors in diagnosis. It is best to take a lying position, apply cold to the stomach for a short time and wait for the ambulance to arrive.

Vaginal blood that appears outside the period of menstruation should not go unnoticed. After all, most often the cause of its occurrence is a disease. And severe bleeding can even be life threatening. Consider a few common reasons why a woman bleeds from the vagina.

After love...

The fact that rudeness can provoke injuries to the vagina and cervix is understandable. It is also clear that such a phenomenon (the appearance of blood) is considered normal if this is the first experience for a girl. Bloody discharge after intercourse occurs with the loss of virginity. But if this happened to a woman who has been sexually active for a long time, then most likely she has problems with the cervix.

It can be a polyp, cysts, precancerous or even cancerous disease. Unfortunately, diseases of the cervix are most often asymptomatic, and the woman herself cannot find out for herself what is happening inside her. That is why at least once a year you need to visit a gynecologist for examination and delivery of smears from the cervix.

If you have bleeding from the vagina after sex, and more than once, for no reason, that is, it has nothing to do with menstruation, you need to visit a doctor. There are even special rooms for the prevention and treatment of cervical diseases. Don't delay!

It's all about contraception

Many women choose hormonal pills as a way to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It's convenient, safe and effective. But this contraceptive has a lot of disadvantages - this is the need to drink pills clearly on schedule and side effects. These phenomena just include the discharge of blood from the vagina. It shouldn't be a concern, as long as it smears a little. Usually after 3-4 months of taking the drug, everything goes away. In extreme cases, you can switch to pills with a slightly higher concentration of hormones.

With nosebleeds, many almost reflexively throw their heads back. This cannot be done, because the blood along the back wall of the nasopharynx will drain into the larynx, and from there it can accidentally enter the respiratory tract or stomach, causing vomiting. It is also wrong to lie down on a pillow.

It is necessary to sit down, tilt your head forward and press your chin to your chest.

Attach a handkerchief moistened with cold water or ice wrapped in a napkin to the bridge of the nose. The cold will help constrict the blood vessels, this.

Drip vasoconstrictor drops into the nose for a runny nose. In an emergency, 2-3 drops of freshly squeezed lemon juice can replace them.

If the bleeding is not very heavy, press the wings of the nose against the nasal septum with your thumb and forefinger and breathe through your mouth. After 5-7 minutes, the bleeding usually stops.

You can use the su-jok method: for 10 minutes, drag the thumb with a twine or a bank rubber band at the level of the middle of the nail. This zone reflexively corresponds to the nose area.

With severe bleeding, soaked in a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, in sea buckthorn or rosehip oil, or simply in water. Keep the tampon on for about half an hour. If it dries to the wall of the nose, do not try to tear it off. This can cause repeated, even more severe bleeding. Soak the swab in water first, then carefully remove it. If these measures did not stop the bleeding, call an ambulance.

What causes bleeding

A large number of blood vessels approach the nose, so even the smallest injury can cause profuse bleeding. it happens, due to the drying of the mucous membrane in the cold, with dry air in the room. This condition can also occur with poor blood clotting, as well as in those who take acetylsalicylic acid and other blood-thinning drugs. Often, high blood pressure is the culprit.

Prevention measures

Humidify the air in the room with a steam generator, you can also put wet towels on the battery, spray the room with a spray bottle. Help humidify the air and houseplants.

If crusts often form in the nose, periodically instill 2-3 drops of sea buckthorn oil or rosehip oil into the nose.

With frequent bleeding caused by increased fragility of blood vessels, ascorbic acid, rutin are indicated.

Herbal teas from nettle, yarrow, mountaineer bird, plantain, leaves and fruits of sea buckthorn, as well as a 5-10% solution of calcium chloride help to increase blood clotting. It is taken 1-2 teaspoons 2-3 times a day after meals. This drug reduces the permeability of the vascular wall.

Bleeding caused by poor blood clotting may be due to a lack of vitamin K. Its sources are spinach, lettuce, all types of cabbage, avocados, bananas, wheat bran, soybeans, meat, eggs, milk and dairy products, olive oil.

When do you need a doctor's help?

An occasion to address to the therapist or the otolaryngologist. If the problem is a defect in the vascular wall, cauterization of the vessel with liquid nitrogen, laser, or radio wave surgery is usually prescribed. Bleeding caused by high blood pressure, all the more should not be ignored, they signal an increased risk of strokes.