Catalog number for n-propanol (n-propyl alcohol): CAS 71-23-8
Description of n-propanol (n-propyl alcohol)
Colorless liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor.
Specification for n-propanol (n-propyl alcohol)
Density of n-propanol at 20 degrees. C kg/dm3 0.807-0.805
Acidity in terms of acetic acid no more than: % 0.005
Color, points (Pt-Co) 10
Packing: 163kg (200 liter drums)
Manufacturer: European Union
Physical properties of n-propanol
Boiling point: 97°C
Melting point: -127°C
Relative density (water = 1): 0.8
Solubility in water: miscible
Vapor pressure, kPa at 20°C: 2.0
Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.1
Relative density of steam/air mixture at 20°C (air = 1): 1.02
Flash point: 15°C closed container or 23°C open container
Auto-ignition temperature: 371°C
Explosion limits, volume% in air: 2.1-13.5
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 0.25
Danger to humans
N-propanol is irritating to the eyes. May cause inflammation of the cornea. The substance may have effects on the central nervous system. Irritates the nose and throat, causing dizziness and headache. Impact on high level exceeding the maximum permissible concentration may cause loss of consciousness.
With long-term contact, the liquid degreases the skin.
Fire hazard of n-propanol
Highly flammable!
Avoid open flames, sparks and smoking. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents. . In a fire, releases irritating or toxic fumes (or gases).
Vapors may form an explosive mixture with air. The blast wave can spread over a long distance. Use water spray to disperse vapors. The product is classified as a flammable liquid. When working with n-propanol it is necessary closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do not use compressed air for filling, bleeding or handling.
Environmental Protection Measures
Do not allow to enter surface water or sewer system. The product is harmful to aquatic organisms. However, n-propanol is easily decomposed by microorganisms.
Physical properties
A colorless liquid with an alcoholic odor, miscible with water and organic solvents.
Chemical properties
Propyl alcohol has all the chemical properties of monohydric alcohols.
Receipt
In industry, 1-propanol is obtained by hydroformylation of ethylene followed by hydrogenation of the resulting propanal.
Application
- propanol is used as a solvent for waxes, polyamide inks, natural and synthetic resins, polyacrylonitrile;
- in the production of low-density polyethylene;
- for the production of carbomethoxycellulose;
- as a metal degreaser;
- co-solvent of polyvinyl chloride adhesives;
- gelling and plasticizing agent for cellulose acetate films;
- alkylating agent. It is also used for the synthesis of propionic acid, propionaldehyde, propyl acetate, propylamine, surfactants, pesticides, and some pharmaceuticals.
Toxicology
The use of propyl alcohol is the same as ethyl alcohol, causes alcohol intoxication. In the human body, propyl alcohol is oxidized to toxic propionic acid, much more toxic than acetic acid therefore, the toxicity of propyl alcohol is significantly higher than that of ethyl alcohol (LD 50 for propyl alcohol = 1870 mg/kg, for ethyl alcohol 7060 mg/kg).
At the same time, compared with methyl alcohol With an LD 50 of 1.5 mg/kg, propyl alcohol is relatively safe.
Isopropyl alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol, both absolute and technical, is applicable if cleaning procedures for optical fibers are necessary. This fact can be fully explained by the improved properties of this product in comparison with any other compound, including ethanol compounds.
Isopropyl alcohol quickly and effectively destroys almost all contaminants in the absence of visible stains, thereby the effect of isopropyl alcohol differs from ordinary medical alcohol purchased at a pharmacy.
Of course, widely applicable in household chemicals and household goods. As a result, the substance is available in a wide variety of packaging. Strong smell substances are masked various types fragrances
Compound
Isopropyl alcohol has all the basic qualities that are inherent in secondary fatty alcohols. General molecular formula:
С3Н8О
Isopropyl alcohol is highly flammable. A practical example of a substance is secondary alcohol, where carbon compounds occur, which can be reflected using the formula expression:
(CH3)2CHOH, or CH3CHONCH3
It should be noted that secondary alcohol is a structural isomer of propanol. Propyl alcohol, including isomers, are liquids with a characteristic odor of alcohol. Such substances can be obtained as a result of distillation fusel oils. In the case of the synthetic method - from carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and isopropyl alcohol - through cracking gas (in propylene).
Basic Chemical properties substances
Isopropyl alcohol is highly soluble in any of the following substances:
- Sufficient amount of water;
- Alcohol containing products;
- Some ethers and chloroform.
Using this substance, you can easily dissolve ethylcellulose, most oils, rubber-based materials, substances and materials with a certain amount of resins in their composition (of natural origin).
In case of any salt solutions, isopropyl alcohol does not react. Alcohol of this type can be isolated from aqueous solutions, adding a little table or other salt, which distinguishes it from alcohols such as ethanol and methanol.
Scroll physical properties isopropyl alcohol
- Mass of the substance (molecular, according to international atomic masses) - 60, 095;
- Temperature level - 82.4 °C;
- Density indicator (at 20° C) - 0.785 g/cm3;
- The temperature at which melting occurs is 89 ° C;
- Steam pressure level (at 25° C) - 5, 229 kPa;
- The flash point is 11.7 °C.
According to interstate standards, isopropyl alcohol is regulated by the following technical specifications: GOST 9805-84 dated January 1, 1986. This standard applies to alcohol obtained by hydration of propylene.
Acting as a secondary alcohol, isopropyl alcohol undergoes oxidation by reacting with acetone. This effect is achieved by the mandatory use of an oxidizing agent. Such an oxidizing agent can be, for example, chromic acid. Or you should dehydrogenate isopropyl alcohol over a heated catalyst (copper):
(CH3) 2CH-O → (CH3) 2CO + H2
Main Applications
Isopropyl alcohol is a cheap but very effective solvent. Used in such areas of production as:
- Products of perfumery and cosmetics industry;
- Production of hygiene products;
- Household chemicals of several categories, which allows the addition of various dyes;
- Printing products and paints and varnishes;
- Serves as a starting material for a range of pharmaceutical products;
- Used as a base raw material in the production of acetone.
Isopropyl alcohol acts as a substitute for ethyl alcohol, finding wide application in auto chemical goods, medical products, and as an industrial solvent.
In medicine, isopropyl alcohol plays a special role, being used as an effective disinfectant. They are the ones who process the injection sites. Also used as an antiseptic.
Basic types of production
Isopropyl alcohol is produced by three methods. Main reactions:
- Propylene and sulfuric acid. As a result, it is possible to obtain a mixture of sulfate esters. They are also processed, and as a result, one of the by-products is diisopropyl alcohol;
- Hydration direct type in liquid or gas phase conditions. In this case, the presence of catalysts is mandatory;
- Carrying out hydrogenation of crude acetone.
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