Synonyms: mycerin, colimycin, framycin, bicomycin, micigradin, nivemycin, soframycin, framycetin, enterfram.
It is produced by the radiant fungus Streptimyces fradiae and is a mixture of three types of neomycin: A, B and C. Sulfate salt is practically used.
Properties. Neomycin sulfate is a crystalline powder or porous mass with a yellowish tint, tasteless and odorless. Let's well dissolve in water, it is insoluble in organic solvents and oils. Stable at high temperatures, solutions withstand boiling and autoclaving. Retain antimicrobial activity in acidic and alkaline environments. 1 unit corresponds to 1 µg of pure neomycin base.
Release form. Produced in powder in vials of 200, 400 and 800 thousand units; in tablets - 100 and 200 thousand units.
Action and application. Neomycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and cocci, but does not affect pathogenic fungi, viruses, anaerobic microflora.
Streptomycin-resistant bacteria are susceptible to neomycin. In combination with streptomycin, a synergistic effect is manifested.
When given orally to animals, neomycin is absorbed slowly and in small amounts. Its highest concentration is found after 2-3 hours in the digestive organs (stomach, intestines). It does not irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.
The therapeutic concentration of neomycin when given orally remains in the intestine for 8-10 hours.
When administered intramuscularly and subcutaneously, neomycin is very well absorbed; the maximum concentration in the blood is reached within 20-60 minutes after administration. The drug is distributed to all organs and tissues; crosses the blood-brain barrier into the brain. Interestingly, in this case, a significant amount of neomycin is retained in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. The therapeutic level of the drug is maintained for 10-20 hours.
However, when administered parenterally, neomycin often has a strong toxic effect on the nervous system and kidneys. Therefore, parenteral injections are rarely used. The toxic effect of neomycin is enhanced when combined with streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin and kanamycin.
Neomycin is used to treat diseases whose pathogens are sensitive to it. In particular, it is effective in the treatment of gastroenteritis of various etiologies, pullorosis, pasteurellosis, colisepticemia, staphylococcosis of young birds (chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese). The drug is prescribed orally with food 3 times a day for 5-6 days at a dose of 30-50 thousand units / kg or intramuscularly (in a 0.5% novocaine solution) 2-4 times with an interval of 12 hours at a dose of 6-10 thousand .U/kg.
Doses inside(thousand units / kg of animal weight): calves, lambs and piglets 5-10; intramuscularly: piglets 10.
Indications for use
Treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in young farm animals, incl. birds, colibacillosis, salmonellosis, gastroenterocolitis of bacterial etiology.
Composition and form of release
NEOMYCIN SULFATE is a drug in the form of a powder for the treatment of bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract of young farm animals, including birds, with an activity of at least 680 µg/mg (in terms of dry matter). NEOMYCIN SULFATE is a yellowish-white to light brown powder, easily soluble in water, packaged in 50; one hundred; 200; 330; 500; 1000; 5000 and 10000 g in double PE bags, PE-coated paper bags, plastic jars or plastic buckets.
Pharmacological properties
NEOMYCIN SULFATE is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the aminoglycoside group, effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Corinebacterium spp., Listeria spp. and Bacillus anthracis. Protozoa, fungi and most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant to NEOMYCIN SULFATE. The antibiotic has a bactericidal effect, disrupting protein synthesis on the ribosomes of the microbial cell.
When administered orally, NEOMYCIN SULFATE is practically not absorbed and has an antibacterial effect mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. It is excreted from the body mainly with faeces and partly with urine. NEOMYCIN SULPHATE according to the degree of impact on the body in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 belongs to the 3rd hazard class (moderately hazardous substances).
Dosing regimen
NEOMYCIN SULFATE is administered orally mixed with food or water (milk) 2-3 times a day at a daily dose of 10-20 mg per 1 kg of animal weight for 3-7 days.
Contraindications
It is forbidden to use NEOMYCIN SULFATE in severe liver and kidney damage, as well as in case of individual hypersensitivity of animals to aminoglycosides.
It is not allowed to use NEOMYCIN SULFATE simultaneously with other aminoglycoside antibiotics (streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, apramycin) due to a possible increase in the toxic effect.
special instructions
Slaughter of animals, including birds, for meat is allowed no earlier than 7 days after the end of the drug. The meat of animals forcedly killed earlier than the established period can be used as feed for fur-bearing animals.
Terms and conditions of storage
Store in a dry, protected from direct sunlight place at a temperature of 0 °C to 25 °C. Shelf life, subject to storage conditions, is 3 years from the date of manufacture.
Barcode
Bank 330 g - 4606306000520 / 4810956000094
Bucket 5 kg - 4606306002425 / 4810956001916
2RS,3S,4S,5R)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-((1R,2R,5R,6R)-3,5-diamino -2-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-6-hydroxycyclohexyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol
Chemical properties
Neomycin is a group of first-generation aminoglycoside antibiotics. This substance is a mixture of various types Neomycin A , FROM And IN , which produces actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae or related organisms.
Most often, in preparations, the substance is in the form neomycin sulfate . The chemical compound is a yellowish or white crystalline powder, odorless, highly soluble in water and poorly soluble in alcohol. The agent is insoluble in organic compounds, hygroscopic. Molecular weight = 614.6 grams per mole.
pharmachologic effect
bactericidal , antibacterial .
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Neomycin well overcomes the bacterial cell membrane and binds with specific protein receptors located on 30S subunit of chromosomes . Under the action of the agent, the process of formation of the complex from mRNA And tRNA , the synthesis of protein molecules is inhibited. Thus, the substance exhibits bacteriostatic properties. If the antibiotic concentration is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher, then the cytoplasmic membranes of microbial cells are irreversibly damaged, the bacteria die.
Neomycin sulfate is active towards gram negative And gram positive bacteria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae , streptococcus , salmonella , staphylococcus , Escherichia coli , Shigella spp. , Bacillus anthracis , Proteus spp. . Tolerance to the action of the drug develops slowly. The drug has no effect on anaerobic microorganisms, viruses and pathogenic fungi.
After oral administration, the drug is poorly absorbed (less than 3%) and affects only the intestinal microflora, without penetrating into other tissues and organs. After application to the surface of the skin, provided there is no damage, systemic absorption of the drug is minimal. However, when applying the product to large surfaces, areas with granulation rash , wounds or abrasions, the substance is quickly and well absorbed and penetrates into the systemic circulation. The maximum concentration after taking the drug inside is achieved within 30 minutes - 1.5 hours. The degree of binding to blood proteins in the agent is small - no more than 10%.
Despite the fact that the drug does not penetrate well into bones, adipose tissue, bile, breast milk and the central nervous system, it overcomes the placental barrier. Neomycin is not metabolized. The half-life is not more than 4 hours. That small part of the drug that has penetrated into the blood plasma is excreted by the kidneys, the rest - with feces.
If the patient has impaired kidney function, the drug may accumulate in the blood serum. Intramuscular injections of the drug imply rapid and complete absorption of the active ingredient.
Due to the fact that the drug is poorly absorbed when taken orally, it can be used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and to prepare for surgical interventions.
This drug reduces the level LDL , bile acids And . However, it does not affect the level triglycerides . Also, the drug is used for instillation into the conjunctival sac.
Indications for use
The drug is used topically and externally:
- in infectious and inflammatory diseases associated with bacteria sensitive to the active substance ( contagious impetigo , , furunculosis , ulcers, wounds and burns, frostbite, pyoderma etc.);
- for the prevention of complications after eye surgery.
Inside the medicine can be prescribed:
- with infections and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract ( enteritis );
- as part of preparatory measures before operations on the gastrointestinal tract, for partial “sterilization” of the intestine.
Contraindications
Neomycin preparations do not use:
- when on others aminoglycosides or the active ingredient of the drug;
- if there are damages on the surface of the skin during topical application;
- in patients with extensive lesions, trophic ulcers (for external use);
- in conjunction with nephro- or ototoxic drugs ;
- in children under 6 years of age;
- with obstructive conditions or diseases of the intestine (tablets);
- in persons suffering from renal insufficiency (ingestion).
- elderly patients;
- with damage to the 8th pair of cranial nerves;
- patients with , ;
- at botulism ;
- pregnant women;
- at ;
- during breastfeeding.
Side effects
During the local use of this remedy, allergic reactions, skin irritation, itching, skin rashes, hyperemia , contact dermatitis .
When taken orally observed:
- nausea, hyperbilirubinemia vomiting, increased activity of liver enzymes, hypersalivation ;
- anemia , granulocytopenia , thrombocytopenia ;
- involuntary muscle twitching, numbness of some parts of the body;
- leukopenia , rise or fall in blood pressure;
- reticulocytopenia , paresthesia , ;
- weight loss, hypocalcemia , hypomagnesemia ;
- rarely - weakness, breathing problems, and headaches;
- ear complications, tinnitus, feeling of stuffy ears;
- hearing loss, dizziness;
- unsteadiness of gait, deafness (rarely);
- the development of secondary infections, hyponatremia ;
- skin allergic reactions, eosinophilia , itching;
- , hypokalemia , hyperthermia .
Neomycin, instructions for use (Method and dosage)
The dosage regimen of the drug is individual. Depends on the disease, dosage form, age and condition of the patient.
Instructions for Neomycin Sulfate for oral administration
For children aged 12 years and over and adult patients, a single dosage is 1 gram. In pediatric practice, no more than 0.25-0.5 g of the drug is used at a time. The daily dosage is determined by the attending physician on an individual basis.
The maximum duration of treatment is 10 days.
Locally, the substance is used from 1 to 3 times a day. The drug is applied in a thin layer. Treatment of massive skin areas should be avoided.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, respiratory arrest, a decrease in neuromuscular conduction, and an increase in other adverse reactions occur. As treatment for adults, it is administered intravenously anticholinesterase drugs (for example, proserpine 2 minutes after the increase in heart rate), calcium supplements, (0.5-07, mg). You can make injections of atropine.
In case of overdose in children, calcium preparations and artificial ventilation of the lungs, if necessary, are indicated. The drug can be withdrawn through hemolytic dialysis And peritoneal dialysis .
Interaction
Neomycin enhances the effect of taking indirect anticoagulants because it reduces the rate of metabolism vitamin K in the intestinal flora.
When this substance is combined with , ,vitamins A And AT 12 , cardiac glycosides , chenodeoxycholic acid or oral contraceptives may reduce the effectiveness of the drugs.
The medicine should not be taken concomitantly with kanamycin , , and others nephro- And ototoxic antibacterial agents .
Taking medicines with drugs that block neuromuscular transmission, capreomycin , aminoglycosides , inhalation anesthetics , citrate preservatives in artificial blood, its toxic effect on the ears, kidneys and central nervous system is enhanced.
Terms of sale
You must have a prescription with you.
special instructions
Avoid applying the ointment or gel to a large or damaged area of the skin, this can lead to hearing loss and the development of other undesirable side reactions.
At perforation of the tympanic membrane taking this antibiotic orally is highly discouraged.
If during the course of therapy the patient began to make noise in the ears, protein was found in the urine, or allergic reactions developed, then the drug should be stopped.
Treatment with the drug should not be carried out for more than 10 days, as the risk of developing skin sensitization or cross-sensitivity to other antibiotics of this group increases.
children
Elderly
With extreme caution, antibiotic treatment is carried out in persons over 65 years of age.
During pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy, the drug is not prescribed, as this can cause disturbances in the development of the 8th pair of cranial nerves in the fetus.
It should also be remembered that the active substance is excreted in breast milk in a small amount. The question of stopping breastfeeding should be raised.
Preparations containing (Analogues)
Coincidence in the ATX code of the 4th level:This substance is part of: tablets Neomycin , Neomycin sulfate .
Also in combination with other active ingredients, Neomycin is found in preparations: Flucort N , , Nefluan , , Polygynax Virgo , , (neomycin and), , Dexon , Triasept , , from phenylephrine , Trofodermin , , Betnovate , Elzhina .
Neomycin sulfate- antimicrobial agent, antibiotic, a mixture of sulfates of organic bases produced by actinomycetes Streptomyces fradiae and other related microorganisms.
Indications for use
Neomycin sulfate is used for pneumonia, pneumonia in newborns, catarrhal diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear, mastitis, endometritis, meningoencephalitis, cystitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis and other infectious diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to neomycin.
Also indications for the use of neomycin sulfate are infections of the gastrointestinal tract (dysentery, enteritis, colienteritis, colitis, enterocolitis); infected wounds, abscesses, boils, phlegmon, felon, pyoderma, infected wounds and ulcers, burns, etc.
The drug is used to suppress the bacterial flora of the intestine in the preoperative period in preparing patients for operations on the gastrointestinal tract.
Application rules
Neomycin sulfate solutions are prepared ex tempore. Routes of administration of the drug are determined by the objectives of treatment.
inside neomycin sulfate is used in the form of tablets and solutions. Adults are prescribed 0.1–0.2 g per reception 2 times a day.
To prepare patients for surgery on the gastrointestinal tract: adults are prescribed 500,000 IU 4-5 times a day for 1-2 days; children at the rate of 30,000-40,000 IU per 1 kg of body weight of a child 4-6 times a day in equal doses.
For infants and preschool children in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, the drug is prescribed at the rate of 0.004 g per 1 kg of body weight 3-4 times a day. For children, solutions are prepared containing 0.004 g of the drug in 1.0 ml. The course of treatment is 5-7 days.
locally neomycin sulfate is used in the form of solutions containing 0.05 g of the drug in 1.0 ml for wetting tampons, dressings, drip irrigation in the form of ointments and aerosols. The total amount of the applied solution is not more than 50-100 ml per day. Also for topical application 1-2 times a day, a 2% neomycin ointment is used.
Intramuscular neomycin sulfate is administered in a single dose: on the 1st day up to 0.1 g (100,000 IU) of the drug, on the 2nd day - up to 0.15 g (150,000 IU), on days 3–5 - up to 0.2 g (200,000 IU). Injections are made 2 times a day. A single dose for children under 3 years of age: on the 1st day - 0.002 g (2,000 IU) per 1 kg of body weight, on days 3-5 - 0.004 g (4,000 IU) per 1 kg of body weight.
The drug is administered in the indicated doses 2 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is 5 days. Conducting repeated courses of treatment is possible after a 2-3-day break. To reduce pain during intramuscular injections, neomycin is dissolved in a 0.5% solution of novocaine.
Before injection Neomycin is dissolved in isotonic sodium chloride solution.
Intracavitary administration Neomycin is produced in doses the same as for intramuscular injection.
Side effects
Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions, dysbacteriosis, candidiasis, ototoxic effects (hearing loss, imbalance), nephrotoxic effects (impaired kidney function), photodermatosis.
If tinnitus, allergic reactions and protein in the urine appear during treatment, Neomycin should be discontinued.
With prolonged treatment with the drug, candidiasis may develop, for the prevention of which Nystatin should be prescribed simultaneously with Neomycin.
Contraindications
Kidney disease with impaired excretory function, damage to the auditory nerve, obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract.
special instructions
In the course of treatment with Neomycin, it is necessary to monitor the functional state of the kidneys and the blood picture.
It is strictly forbidden to use Neomycin in complex therapy in conjunction with other antibiotics with ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects (Monomycin, Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Florimycin).
The action of neomycin is enhanced in an alkaline environment.
Composition and form of release
Released:
Prescription for neomycin
| Rp.: | Neomycini sulfatis | 0,25 |
| D.t. d. No. 10 in tabl. | ||
| S. | ||
- Sterile powder in hermetically sealed vials of 0.2 g, 0.4 g and 0.8 g (200,000 IU, 400,000 IU and 800,000 IU, respectively).
- Tablets of 0.1 g and 0.25 g (100,000 and 250,000 IU, respectively), in packs of 10 tablets.
- 0.5% and 2% neomycin ointment (1.0 g of ointment contains 5000 IU or 20,000 IU, respectively), in tubes of 10 g, 15 g, 25 g and 50 g.
Shelf life and storage conditions
Store in a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C.
Shelf life of neomycin preparations: neomycin ointment - 2.5 years, tablets - 2 years.
Properties
Neomycin sulfate (Neomycini sulfas, Neomycinum sulfuricum) is a hygroscopic white powder with a creamy tint, easily soluble in water.
Solutions of neomycin sulfate withstand sterilization by boiling and autoclaving. Stable. Neomycin is not inactivated by gastric enzymes and exudates.
Neomycin has been approved for use as a replacement for the previously used neomycin drugs Mycerin, Colimycin and Framycin.
Action spectrum
Neomycin sulfate has a wide spectrum of bactericidal action against gram-positive and gram-negative microbes. Neomycin is active against many gram-negative bacteria and cocci (escherichia, salmonella, shigella, anthrax, dysentery, meningococci, proteus, etc.). Of the gram-positive cocci, staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci and pneumococci are sensitive to it.
The drug does not affect pathogenic fungi, viruses and anaerobic bacteria.
When treated with Neomycin, pathogenic microorganisms gradually develop drug resistance to it.
Pharmacokinetics
When administered intramuscularly, the maximum concentration of neomycin in the blood is reached after 1 hour, and over the next 12 hours, the concentration required for the antibacterial action is maintained in the body.
When administered orally, nemycin sulfate is poorly absorbed and has low toxicity. The drug penetrates well into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Analogues
Actilin. Bacomycin. Colimycin. Myacin. Micephradine. Miciradin. Neomin. Negamycin. Nivemycin. Nivobiolin. Soframycin. Fradiomycin. Framycetin. Enterofram. Eramycetin.
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